Editing Mission San Antonio de Padua

{{Short description|18th-century Spanish mission in California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox Missions
| image=Mission_San_Antonio_de_Padua_modern.jpg
| imagesize=350
| caption=The reconstructed Mission San Antonio de Padua as it appeared in 2006; construction on the Mission first began in 1810. The baked brick [[Belfry (architecture)|Campanario]] is unique among California Missions.
| name=Mission San Antonio de Padua
| location=near [[Jolon, California|Jolon]], [[Monterey County, California]]
| originalname=''La Misión de San Antonio de Padua''<ref>Leffingwell, p. 99</ref>
| translation=The Mission of Saint Anthony of Padua
| namesake=[[Anthony of Padua|Saint Anthony of Padua]]<ref name = "krell101"/>
| nickname="Mission of the Sierras"{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}
| founded=July 14, 1771<ref>Yenne. p. 40</ref>
| foundedby=Father [[Junípero Serra]]<ref name = "ruscin196"/>
| foundingorder=Third<ref name = "krell101"/>
| militarydistrict=Third<ref>Forbes, p. 202</ref>
| nativetribe=[[Salinan]]
| placename=''Telhaya''<ref>Ruscin, p. 195</ref>
| baptisms=4,419<ref name = "krell315"/>
| marriages=1,142<ref name = "krell315"/>
| burials=3,617<ref name="krell315">Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's ''Missions and Missionaries of California''.</ref>
| secularized=1834<ref name="krell101">Krell, p. 101</ref>
| returned=1862
| owner=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey]]
| currentuse=Parish Church
| coordinates =  {{coord|36|00|54|N|121|15|00|W|type:landmark_region:UA-CA|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = California#USA
| designation1 = NRHP
| designation1_number = 76000504<ref>[http://www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/CA/Monterey/state.html National Register of Historic Places – Monterey County]</ref>
| designation1_date = 1976
| designation2 = California
| designation2_number = 232<ref name=ohp>{{cite ohp |id=232 |name=Mission San Antonio de Padua |accessdate=2012-11-23}}</ref>
| website=http://www.missionsanantonio.net|
}}

'''Mission San Antonio de Padua''' is a [[Spanish missions in California|Spanish mission]] established by the [[Franciscan]] order in present-day [[Monterey County, California|Monterey County]], [[California]], near the present-day town of [[Jolon, California|Jolon]]. Founded on July 14, 1771, it was the third mission founded in [[Alta California]] by Father Presidente [[Junípero Serra]]. The mission was the first use of fired tile roofing in Upper California.<ref name="ruscin196">Ruscin, p. 196</ref> Today the mission is a [[parish]] church of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California|Diocese of Monterey]] and is no longer active in the [[Catholic missions|mission work]] which it was set up to provide.<ref name=missiontoparish>{{Cite web|url=https://missionscalifornia.com/san-antonio-de-padua-mission/key-facts|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200616202641/https://missionscalifornia.com/san-antonio-de-padua-mission/key-facts|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 16, 2020|title=San Antonio de Padua Key Facts &#124; California Missions Resource Center}}</ref><ref name=nomissions>{{Cite web|url=http://missionsanantonio.net/history|title=History of California Mission San Antonio de Padua}}</ref>

==History==

===Beginnings of the Mission===
[[File:39. Mission San Antonio, Monteray co. California.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Photograph of Mission San Antonio de Padua by landscape photographer [[Carleton Watkins]], dating from 1873 to 1883.]]
[[File:Mission San Antonio de Padua (Edwin Deakin).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Mission San Antonio de Padua painting by Edwin Deakin, 1899]]
{{more citations needed|section|date=April 2019}}
Mission San Antonio de Padua was the third Mission to be founded in Alta California, and was located along the very earliest routing of the Camino Real.  This mission was located on a site which was unfortunately somewhat remote from the more reliable water source of what later became known as the [[Salinas River (California)|Salinas River]]. In that very early year of the missions, the [[El Camino Real (California)#History|later more favorable routing of the Camino Real]], more closely aligning with the course of the Salinas River, had not yet been discovered or established.<ref name = "first-camino-real">
| Molera, E. J. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-UVnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15 The March of Portolá and the Discovery of the Bay of San Francisco]'' (1909) p.35, Wordsworth Editions, ASIN : B002RKT4HG! Access date: April 5, 2021.</ref>

Father Junipero Serra claimed the site on July 14, 1771, and dedicated the Mission to Saint Anthony of Padua. Saint Anthony was born in 1195 in Lisbon, Portugal and is the patron saint of the poor. Father Serra left Fathers Miguel Pieras and [[Buenaventura Sitjar]] behind to continue the building efforts, though the construction of the church proper did not actually begin until 1810.

In 1805, the native people at the mission, mostly Northern [[Salinan]] (Antoniano) but also some Yokuts and [[Esselen]],<ref name=cmrc/> had increased to 1,300. By 1810, only 178 [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] were living at the Mission,<ref>[http://missionsanantonio.net/history "The History of our Mission", Mission San Antonio de Padua]</ref> In 1834, after [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|secularization]]<ref name=cmrc>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180824060731/http://missionscalifornia.com/mission-facts/san-antonio-de-padua "San Antonio de Padua", California Missions Resource Center]}}</ref> there were 150 [[Mission Indians]] remaining. No town grew up around the mission, as was usual at other missions.

In 1845, [[Mexico|Mexican]] Governor [[Pío Pico]] declared all mission buildings in [[Alta California]] for sale, but no one bid for Mission San Antonio. In 1863, after nearly 30 years, the Mission was returned to the [[Catholic Church]].<ref name=cmrc/> In 1894, roof tiles were salvaged from the property and installed on the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]] [[Burlingame station|depot]] located in [[Burlingame, California]], one of the first permanent structures constructed in the [[Mission Revival Style architecture|Mission Revival Style]].

===Restoration===
{{Update|section|date=January 2021}}
[[File:1970s Mission San Antonio de Padua.jpg|thumb|left|200px|1970s view of the mission]]

The first attempt to rebuild the Mission came in 1903 when [[Andrew Garriga]], the pastor of the [[King City, California|King City]] and [[Gonzales, California|Gonzales]] parish, and the California Historical Landmarks League began holding outings at San Antonio. "Preservation and restoration of Mission San Antonio began. The [[Native Sons of the Golden West]] donated $1,400. Tons of debris were removed from the interior of the chapel.the mission was restored 2 times. Breaches in the side wall were filled in."<ref>California Missions and Their Romances, Fremont Older</ref>
Unfortunately, the earthquake of 1906 seriously damaged the building. In 1928, [[Franciscan]] friars held services at San Antonio de Padua. It took nearly 50 years to completely restore the Mission. The State of California is requiring a $12–15 million earthquake retrofit that must be completed by 2015, or the mission will be closed. As of 2011, there were 35 private families keeping the mission open. There is an active campaign to raise funds for the retrofit.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.preservemissionsanantonio.org/ | title=Campaign for the Preservation of Mission San Antonio de Padua | access-date=July 15, 2013}}</ref>

===Current use of the old San Antonio Mission===
Despite its being still referred to as a mission, the Mission San Antonio de Padua is no longer active in [[Catholic missions]] and has become more focused as a parish church, fundraiser location, and tourist attraction.<ref name=missiontoparish /> In 2005, the Franciscan Friars turned over the mission's caretaking and ownership to the Diocese of Monterey.<ref name=missiontoparish /> Under the leadership of the Diocese of Monterey, Mission San Antonio de Padua transformed into a Catholic parish which also hosts group gatherings, gift shops and a museum with picnic grounds.<ref name=missiontoparish />

== Present day ==

[[File:A131020 3878 Aerial Photo - Mission San Antonio de Padua.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view of San Antonio de Padua from October 2013|alt=Aerial view of San Antonio de Padua from October 2013.]]

Today, the nearest city is [[King City, California|King City]], nearly {{convert|29|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} away; Jolon, a small town, is located six miles (10&nbsp;km) from the Mission. Historians consider the Mission's pastoral location in the valley of the [[San Antonio River (California)|San Antonio River]] along the [[Santa Lucia Mountains]] as an outstanding example of early mission life.

The mission is surrounded by the [[Fort Hunter Liggett]] Military Reservation, which was acquired by the [[U.S. Army]] from the Hearst family during [[World War II]] to train troops. Additional land was acquired from the Army in 1950 to increase the mission area to over {{convert|85|acre|abbr=off|sp=us}}. This fort is still actively training troops today.

Mission San Antonio de Padua is one of the designated tour sights of the [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]].

As of 2013, Franciscan Friar Jeff Burns [[Ordo Fratrum Minorum|OFM]], is in charge of the Mission.

[[Image:San Antonio Mission Garden Dec 2006.jpg|thumb|left|667px|Beginning in 2005, a team of volunteers began restoring the gardens in the interior courtyard of the Mission. Pictured above are the restored gardens in December 2006.]]

[[File:Wooden sculpture from Mission San Antonio de Padua.jpg|thumb|Wooden ship sculpture excavated at Mission San Antonio de Padua]]
{{clear}}

==In popular culture==
* The 1965 [[horror film]] ''[[Incubus (1965 film)|Incubus]]'' was partly filmed at the Mission.  The writer and director, [[Leslie Stevens]], concerned that the Mission authorities would not allow the film to be shot there because of the subject matter, concocted a cover story that the film was called ''Religious Leaders of Old Monterey'', and presented a script that was about monks and farmers.  He was helped in this deception by the fact that the film was shot entirely in [[Esperanto]].<ref name=tcmarticle>Miller, John M. [https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/79187/incubus "Incubus" (TCM article)]</ref>
* The Mission was featured by [[Huell Howser]] in ''Road Trip'' Episode 147<ref>{{cite web |title=Fort Hunter Liggett – Road Trip with Huell Howser (147) – Huell Howser Archives at Chapman University |url=https://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2009/09/30/fort-hunter-liggett-road-trip-with-huell-howser-147/}}</ref>

==See also==

* [[The Hacienda (Milpitas Ranchhouse)]] – the nearby [[Mission Revival Style architecture|Mission Revival Style]] guest-ranch house [now hotel] built in 1930 by W.R. Hearst.
* [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]]
* [[List of Spanish missions in California]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Monterey County, California]]
* [[Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad]] – ''next mission located north''
* [[Mission San Miguel Arcángel]] – ''next mission located south''
* [[Spanish missions in California]]
* [[USNS Mission San Antonio (T-AO-119)|USNS ''Mission San Antonio'' (T-AO-119)]], a Buenaventura-Class fleet oiler built in 1944

==Further reading==

* {{cite book|last=Sitjar|first=Bonaventura |author-link=Buenaventura Sitjar|title=Vocabulary of the language of San Antonio mission, California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eN9EAAAAcAAJ|access-date=25 August 2012|year=1861|publisher=Trübner}}

==References==

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|author=Forbes, Alexander|year=1839|title=California: A History of Upper and Lower California|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_NH4FAAAAQAAJ|publisher=Smith, Elder and Co., Cornhill, London}}
* {{cite book|editor=Krell, Dorothy|year=1979|title=The California Missions: A Pictorial History|publisher=Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA|isbn=0-376-05172-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Jones, Terry L. and Kathryn A. Klar (eds.)|year=2007|title=California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity|publisher=Altimira Press, Landham, MD|isbn=978-0-7591-0872-1}}
* {{cite book|author=Leffingwell, Randy|year=2005|title=California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions|publisher=Voyageur Press, Inc., Stillwater, MN|isbn=0-89658-492-5}}
* {{cite book|editor=Paddison, Joshua|year=1999|title=A World Transformed: Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush|publisher=Heyday Books, Berkeley, CA|isbn=1-890771-13-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/worldtransformed00josh}}
* {{cite book|author=Ruscin, Terry|year=1999|title=Mission Memoirs|publisher=Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA|isbn=0-932653-30-8}}
* {{cite book|author=Yenne, Bill|year=2004|title=The Missions of California|publisher=Advantage Publishers Group, San Diego, CA|isbn=1-59223-319-8}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mission San Antonio de Padua}}
* [http://missionsanantonio.net/ Mission San Antonio de Padua official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000709035632/http://www.liggett.army.mil/ Fort Hunter Liggett official website]
* [http://www.mchsmuseum.com/missionsant.html Monterey County Historical Society]
* [http://www.calisphere.universityofcalifornia.edu/browse/azBrowse/Mission+San+Antonio+de+Padua Early photographs, sketches of Mission San Antonio de Padua], via Calisphere, California Digital Library
* [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/ca/ Early History of the California Coast, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary]
* [https://www.hcn.org/issues/51.7/tribal-affairs-indigenous-educators-fight-for-an-accurate-history-of-california-missions Indigenous educators fight for an accurate history of California]
* [http://www.nps.gov/juba/ Official U.S. National Park Service Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail website]
* {{cite web|last=Howser|first=Huell|title=California Missions (104)|url=http://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2000/12/08/california-missions-california-missions-104/|work=California Missions|publisher=[[Chapman University]] Huell Howser Archive|author-link=Huell Howser|date=December 8, 2000}}

{{California Missions}}
{{Monterey County tourist attractions|state=collapsed}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mission San Antonio De Padua}}
[[Category:Spanish missions in California|San Antonio De Padua]]
[[Category:1771 in The Californias]]
[[Category:Churches in Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:Museums in Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:History museums in California]]
[[Category:Religious museums in California]]
[[Category:1771 establishments in The Californias]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1771]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic churches completed in 1810]]
[[Category:History of Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:California Historical Landmarks]]
[[Category:Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in California]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California]]
[[Category:Salinan people]]
[[Category:Santa Lucia Range]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Monterey County, California]]
[[Category:Junípero Serra]]
[[Category:19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States]]