Editing Mikis Theodorakis

{{Short description|Greek composer (1925–2021)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| birth_name         = Michail Theodorakis
| name               = 
| image              = Mikis Theodorakis Fabrik 070004.jpg
| caption            = Theodorakis conducting the orchestra in concert at Cultural Center "Fabrik" in [[Hamburg]],&nbsp;1971
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1925|07|29|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Chios]], [[Second Hellenic Republic]]
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2021|09|02|1925|07|29|df=y}}
| death_place        = [[Athens]], Greece
| resting_place      = Galatas Cemetery, [[Chania]],&nbsp;Crete
| occupation         = {{Hlist|Composer|political activist}}
| spouse             = {{marriage|Myrto Altinoglou|1953}}
| children           = 2, including {{ill|Yorgos Theodorakis|lt=George|de|George Theodorakis}}
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed              = yes
| background         = non_performing_personnel
| instrument         = 
| genre              = [[20th-century classical music]]
| occupation         = 
| years_active       = 1943–2013
| label              = {{flatlist|
*Paredon
*[[Folkways Records|Folkways]]
}}
}}
| module2            = {{Infobox officeholder
| embed              = yes
| office             = [[Member of the Hellenic Parliament]]
|term_start = 1964
|term_end = 1967
| term_start2  = 1981
| term_end2 = 1986
|term_start3 = 1989
| term_end3          = 1993
|office4 = [[Minister of State (Greece)|Minister of State]]
| primeminister4 = [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]]
| term_start4 = 11 April 1990
| term_end4 = 1 April 1993
}}
| party              = [[Communist Party of Greece|KKE]]
| otherparty         = [[New Democracy (Greece)|New Democracy]] (1989–1993)
| website            = {{URL|https://www.mikistheodorakis.gr/}}
}}

'''Michail''' "'''Mikis'''" '''Theodorakis''' ({{langx|el|Μιχαήλ "Μίκης" Θεοδωράκης}} {{IPA|el|mixaˈil ˈmicis θeoðoˈracis|}}; 29 July 1925 – 2 September 2021)<ref name="BBC"/> was a Greek composer and lyricist credited with over 1,000 works.<ref name="Ph.D.2010">{{cite book|author=John Chrysochoos, Ph.D.|title=Ikaria – Paradise in Peril|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yw4thI1QTlgC&pg=PA24|access-date=1 November 2012|date=17 November 2010|publisher=Dorrance Publishing|isbn=978-1-4349-8240-7|page=24|quote=Theodorakis the internationally renowned Greek composer}}</ref><ref name="EllynMcGinnis2004">{{cite book|author1=Maura Ellyn|author2=Maura McGinnis|title=Greece: A Primary Source Cultural Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N69iOTtVHGYC&pg=PT86|access-date=1 November 2012|date=1 August 2004|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3999-2|page=86|quote=Considered Greece's greatest living composer, Theodorakis has written many scores.}}</ref><ref>[http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/4194/53430 Athensnews Interview: Theodorakis' call to arms Famous composer Theodorakis addresses protesters during a rally against a new austerity package, outside the University of Athens, in 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703034456/http://www.athensnews.gr/portal/4194/53430|date=3 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Gerrard2009">{{cite book|author=Mike Gerrard|title=National Geographic Traveler: Greece, 3rd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQMzcJwxwAoC&pg=PA47|access-date=1 November 2012|date=3 March 2009|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-1-4262-0396-1|pages=47–|quote=The most famous Greek musician of contemporary times is undoubtedly Mikis Theodorakis (born 1925), best known for}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greekembassy.org/embassy/content/en/Article.aspx?office=3&folder=218&article=15530|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605221633/http://www.greekembassy.org/Embassy/Content/en/Article.aspx?office=3&folder=218&article=15530|url-status=dead|title=Embassy of Greece International conference honors renowned composer Mikis Theodorakis' 80th birthday An international conference dedicated to the work of famous music composer Mikis Theodorakis in honor of his 80th birthday, kicked off on Friday in Hania, Crete.|archive-date=5 June 2011|access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref>

He [[Film score|scored]] for the films ''[[Zorba the Greek (film)|Zorba the Greek]]'' (1964), ''[[Z (1969 film)|Z]]'' (1969), and ''[[Serpico]]'' (1973). He was a three-time [[BAFTA]] nominee, winning for ''Z''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bafta.org/heritage/in-memory-of/mikis-theodorakis|title=BAFTA - Mikis Theodorakis|date=13 September 2021 }}</ref> For the score in ''Serpico'', he earned [[Grammy]] nominations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/mikis-theodorakis/6711|title=GRAMMY AWARDS - Mikis Theodorakis}}</ref> Furthermore, for the score to ''Zorba the Greek'', with its song "Zorba's Dance", he was nominated for a [[Golden Globe]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goldenglobes.com/person/mikis-theodorakis|title=GOLDEN GLOBES - Mikis Theodorakis}}</ref> 

He composed the "[[Mauthausen Trilogy]]", also known as "The Ballad of Mauthausen", which has been described as the "most beautiful musical work ever written about [[The Holocaust in the arts and popular culture|the Holocaust]]" and possibly his best work.<ref name="Lifo.gr">{{cite news|author1=Αντωνης Μποσκοιτης|title=Αφιέρωμα στη ''Μπαλάντα του Μάουτχάουζεν'' του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη και του Ιάκωβου Καμπανέλλη Το ωραιότερο μουσικό έργο για το Ολοκαύτωμα που γράφτηκε ποτέ|url=http://www.lifo.gr/team/music/55078|access-date=27 December 2015|website=Lifo.gr|date=2 February 2015|quote=Google translation: "A Tribute to Ballad of Mauthausen Mikis Theodorakis and Iakovos Kambanellis The finest musical work about the Holocaust ever written."}}</ref> Up until his death, he was viewed as Greece's best-known living composer.<ref name="EllynMcGinnis2004"/><ref name="Gerrard2009"/><ref name="Keridis2009">{{cite book|author=Dimitris Keridis|title=Historical Dictionary of Modern Greece|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c_qpXc2GTzIC&pg=PA150|access-date=3 November 2012|date=28 July 2009|publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]]|isbn=978-0-8108-5998-2|pages=150–}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Lenin Peace Prize]].<ref>Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1983<!-- ISSN/ISBN, publisher, page(s) needed --></ref>

Politically, he was associated with the left because of his long-standing ties to the [[Communist Party of Greece]] (KKE). He was an MP for the KKE from 1981 to 1990. Despite this, however, he ran as an independent candidate within the centre-right [[New Democracy (Greece)|New Democracy]] party in 1989, for the country to emerge from the political crisis created by the numerous scandals of the government of [[Andreas Papandreou]].<ref>Theodorakis: {{lang|el|Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου V}} / The Ways of the Archangel, Autobiography, Volume V, p. 331 sq</ref> He helped establish a large coalition between conservatives, socialists and leftists.{{Clarify|reason= not clear, do you mean the "Catharsis" and if so how did he help?|date=March 2025}} In 1990, he was elected to the parliament (as in 1964 and 1981), became a government minister under [[Konstantinos Mitsotakis]], and fought against drugs and terrorism and in favor of culture and education. He continued to speak out in favour of leftist causes, Greek–Turkish–Cypriot relations, and [[Opposition to the Iraq War|against the War in Iraq]].<ref>{{cite web |date=27 July 2004 |title=Official Website |url=http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/46/1/11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219084020/http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/46/1/11/ |archive-date=19 December 2017 |access-date= |url-status=usurped |website=En.mikis-theodorakis.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2005 |title=Official Website |url=http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/440/1/10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205195226/http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/440/1/10/ |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date= |url-status=usurped |website=En.mikis-theodorakis.net}}</ref> He was a key voice against the 1967–1974 [[Greek junta]], which imprisoned him and banned his songs.<ref>Theodorakis: Journal of Resistance</ref>

==Early life==
Theodorakis was born on the Greek island of [[Chios]] and spent his childhood years in provincial Greek cities including [[Mytilene]],<ref name="ΑρΧιμανδριτης2007">{{cite book|author=Γιωργος ΑρΧιμανδριτης|title=Σε πρωτο προσωπο: Μικης Θεοδωρακης|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HrIOAQAAMAAJ|access-date=8 November 2012|year=2007|publisher=Ελληνικα Γραμματα|isbn=978-960-442-911-0}}</ref> [[Cephallonia]],<ref name="ΑρΧιμανδριτης2007"/> [[Patras]],<ref name ="Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου"/><ref name="Theodorakis1997">{{cite book|author=Mikis Theodorakis|title=Μελοποιημενη ποιηση|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wNEwAAAAMAAJ|access-date=8 November 2012|year=1997|publisher=Υψιλον/Βιβλια}}</ref> [[Pyrgos (Ilia)|Pyrgos]],<ref name=Theodorakis/><ref name="ΘεοδωρακηςΚουγιουμουτζακης2007">{{cite book|author1=Μικης Θεοδωρακης|author2=Γιαννης Κουγιουμουτζακης|author3=Ιδρυμα ΤεΧνολογιας και Ερευνας (Greece)|title=Συμπαντικε αρμονια, μουσικη και επιστημη: στον Μικη Θεοδωρακη|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubEOAQAAMAAJ|access-date=8 November 2012|year=2007|publisher=Πανεπιστημιακες Εκδοσεις Κρητης|isbn=978-960-524-253-4}} ... Σύρος και Αθήνα (1929), Γιάννενα (1930- 1932),Αόλι (1933-1936), Πάτρα (1937-1938), Πύργος (1938-1939), Τρίπολη</ref> and [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]].<ref name="ΘεοδωρακηςΚουγιουμουτζακης2007"/><ref name=Theodorakis2/> His father, a lawyer and a civil servant, was from the small village of [[:el:Γαλατάς Χανίων|Galatas]] on [[Crete]]<ref name="Giannaris1972">{{cite book|author=George Giannaris|title=Mikis Theodorakis: music and social change|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwUXAQAAIAAJ|access-date=3 November 2012|year=1972|publisher=Praeger|quote= For nearly six months, Mikis remained on the island of Crete trying to put the past behind, and become a human being ... For too long, he had been a drain on hisfather who was finding it difficult to practice his profession in the tiny village of KatoGalata, or even the larger town of Cha- nia. There was no dearth of lawyersestablished in the area for years, and even though Yiorgos had been born there, his}}</ref> and his mother, Aspasia Poulakis, was from an ethnically Greek family in [[Çeşme]], in what is now Turkey.<ref name="Keridis2009"/><ref name="The New York Times Biographical Service">{{cite book|title=The New York Times Biographical Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7jsoAQAAIAAJ|access-date=3 November 2012|date=April 1970|publisher=New York Times & Arno Press}}</ref><ref name="Cook2001">{{cite book|author=Bernard A. Cook|title=Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=53oBuYEjF9EC&pg=PA939|access-date=3 November 2012|year=2001|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-80174-1|pages=939–}}</ref><ref name="MackenzieStone2005">{{cite book|author1=Sir Compton Mackenzie|author2=Christopher Stone|title=The Gramophone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mH89AQAAIAAJ|access-date=3 November 2012|year=2005|publisher=C. Mackenzie|quote=MIKIS THEODORAKIS AT 80 Mikis Theodoralris celebrated his 80th birthday on July 29 this year. ... His mother had moved to the Greek islands from Asia Minor just before the Lausanne Peace Conference in 1923 obliged 1.5 million other}}</ref><ref name="Journal of Modern Hellenism">{{cite book|title=Journal of Modern Hellenism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UkxoAAAAMAAJ|access-date=3 November 2012|year=2001|publisher=Hellenic College Press|quote=While there is no record of a young Mikis Theodorakis being subjected to any serious direct personal physical or psychological trauma, he did grew up in ... His mother, Aspasia Poulakis, was a refugee form Tsemes, a coastal city in Asia Minor}}</ref> He was raised with Greek folk music and was influenced by [[Byzantine]] [[liturgy]]; as a child he had already talked about becoming a composer.<ref name="c728" /><ref name="Theodorakis1973">{{cite book|author=Mikis Theodorakis|title=Journals of resistance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XHtWAAAAMAAJ|access-date=3 November 2012|year=1973|publisher=Hart-Davis McGibbon|isbn=978-0-246-10597-4|quote=29 July 1925 Mikis Theodorakis is born on the island of Chios. ... Theodorakis learns to sing Byzantine hymns and, since his father is from Crete and his mother from the Greek colony in Asia Minor, he also gets to know the very varied tradition=}}</ref>

His fascination with music began in early childhood; he taught himself to write his first songs without access to musical instruments. He took his first music lessons in Patras<ref name ="Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου">Theodorakis: Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου Ι / The Ways of the Archangel, Autobiography, Volume I, p. 72 sq.</ref> and Pyrgos,<ref name=Theodorakis>Theodorakis, op. cit., p. 82 sq.</ref> where he was a childhood friend of [[George Pavlopoulos]],<ref>Levi, Peter. (1980) ''The Hill of Kronos''.</ref> and in Tripoli, [[Peloponnese]],<ref name=Theodorakis2>Theodorakis, op. cit., Chapter II, p. 95 sq.</ref> he gave his first concert at the age of seventeen. He went to Athens in 1943, and became a member of a Reserve Unit of [[Greek People's Liberation Army|ELAS]]. He led a troop in the fight against the British and the Greek right in the [[Dekemvriana]].<ref>Theodorakis: {{lang|el|Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου II}} / The Ways of the Archangel, Autobiography, Volume II, Ch. 3, p. 11 sq; cf. also p. 174sq; Mikis Theodorakis, {{lang|el|Τα δικά μου Δεκεμβριανά}} / My December '44, 1944: {{lang|el|Ο Μοιραίος Δεκέμβριος}} / The Fateful December, special supplement of newspaper 'Vima', Sunday, 5 December 2010, p. 54.</ref> During the [[Greek Civil War]] he was arrested, sent into exile on the island of [[Icaria]]<ref>Theodorakis, op. cit., Ch. 4, p. 95 sq.</ref> and then deported to the island of [[Makronisos]], where he was tortured and twice buried alive.<ref>Theodorakis: {{lang|el|Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου III}} / The Ways of the Archangel, Autobiography: Read the complete, deeply moving Volume III ("The Nightmare")</ref>

During the periods when he was not obliged to hide, not exiled or jailed, he studied from 1943 to 1950 at the [[Athens Conservatoire]] under {{ill|Filoktitis Economidis|el|Φιλοκτήτης Οικονομίδης}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/120/1/44/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710161239/http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/120/1/44/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=10 July 2012 |title=Mikis Theodorakis – The Home Page – About the Trio |website=En.mikis-theodorakis.net |date=30 July 2004 |access-date=13 February 2012 }}</ref> In 1950, he finished his studies and took his last two exams "with flying colours".<ref>George Giannaris: Mikis Theodorakis. Music and Social Change, p. 81</ref> He went to Crete, where he became the "head of the Chania Music School" and founded his first orchestra.<ref>Theodorakis: {{lang|el|Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου IV}} / The Ways of the Archangel, Autobiography, Volume IV, p. 259 sq</ref>

== Studies in Paris ==
[[File:Mikis Theodorakis in Paris.jpg|thumb|upright|In Paris, 1957]]
In 1953, Theodorakis married Myrto Altinoglou.<ref name=":0" /> The following year, they travelled to Paris, where he entered the Conservatory and studied musical analysis under [[Olivier Messiaen]]<ref>Jean Boivin, 'Messiaen's Teaching at the Paris Conservatoire: A Humanist Legacy', in Siglind Bruhn, ''Messiaen's Language of Mystical Love'' (New York, Garland, 1998), p.10</ref> and conducting under [[Eugene Bigot]].<ref>George Giannaris, op. cit., p. 90 sq</ref>

His symphonic works: a [[Piano concerto]], his first [[suite (music)|suite]], his first [[symphony]], and his scores for the [[ballet]]: ''Greek Carnival, Le Feu aux Poudres, Les Amants de Teruel'', received international acclaim. In 1957, he won the Gold Medal in the Moscow Music Festival.<ref name=Kath /> In 1959, after the successful performances of Theodorakis's opera ''Antigone'' at [[Royal Opera House|Covent Garden]] in London, the French composer [[Darius Milhaud]] proposed him for the ''American Copley Music Prize'' – an award of the "William and Noma Copley Foundation",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt0n39q01q/ |title=Inventory of the William and Noma Copley Foundation and Collection Records, 1954–1980 |website=Oac.cdlib.org |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> which later changed its name to "Cassandra Foundation" as the "Best European Composer of the Year". His first international scores for the film ''[[Ill Met by Moonlight (film)|Ill Met by Moonlight]]'' and ''[[Honeymoon (1959 film)|Honeymoon]]'' (aka ''Luna de Miel''), directors: [[Michael Powell]] and [[Emeric Pressburger]], were successful: ''The Honeymoon Song'', title song of the later, became part of the repertoire of [[The Beatles]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 March 2008|title=The Honeymoon Song|url=https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/the-honeymoon-song/|access-date=3 September 2021|website=The Beatles Bible|language=en-GB|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902164710/https://www.beatlesbible.com/songs/the-honeymoon-song/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Back to Greek roots ==
[[File:Mikis Theodorakis.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mikis Theodorakis shortly after his return to Greece in 1961]]

In 1960, Theodorakis returned to Greece and his roots in Greek music. With his song cycle ''[[Epitaphios (Ritsos)#Musical setting|Epitaphios]]'', he contributed to a cultural revolution in his country.<ref>George Giannaris, op. cit., p. 118 sq</ref> His most significant and influential works are based on Greek and world poetry – ''Epiphania'' ([[Giorgos Seferis]]), ''Little Kyklades'' ([[Odysseas Elytis]]), ''Axion Esti'' (Elytis), ''Mauthausen'' ([[Iakovos Kambanellis]]), ''Romiossini'' ([[Yannis Ritsos]]), and ''Romancero Gitano'' ([[Federico García Lorca]]) – he attempted to give back to Greek music a dignity which in his perception it had lost. He developed his concept of "metasymphonic music" (symphonic compositions that go beyond the "classical" status and mix symphonic elements with popular songs, Western symphonic orchestra and Greek popular instruments).<ref name="GNA 2019">{{cite web |title=Mikis Theodorakis: Music, politics, passion |url=https://www.greeknewsagenda.gr/topics/culture-society/7033-theodorakis |website=Greek News Agenda |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=29 July 2019}}</ref>

He founded the ''Athens Little Symphony Orchestra'' and gave many concerts in the country, trying to familiarize people with symphonic music.<ref>Λάδης, Φώντας (2005). Μίκης Θεοδωράκης το χρονικό μιας επανάστασης 1960–1967. Αθήνα. σελ. 20–250. {{ISBN|978-960-256-468-4}}</ref>

After the assassination of [[Gregoris Lambrakis]] in May 1963 he founded the ''Lambrakis Democratic Youth'' ("Lambrákides") and was elected its president.<ref>Gail Holst. ''Mikis Theodorakis. Myth & Politics in Modern Greek Music'', p. 74 sq</ref> Under Theodorakis's impetus, it started a vast cultural renaissance movement and became the greatest political organisation in Greece with more than 50,000 members.<ref>Mikis Theodorakis: Journal of Resistance, (Dictionary), p. 328</ref> Following the 1964 elections, Theodorakis became a member of the Greek Parliament, associated with the left-wing party [[United Democratic Left|EDA]]. Because of his political ideas, the composer was black-listed by the cultural establishment; at the time of his biggest artistic glory, a large number of his songs were censored-before-studio or were not allowed on the radio stations.<ref>Gail Holst, op. cit., p. 78</ref>

During 1964, he wrote the music for the Michael Cacoyiannis film ''Zorba the Greek'', whose main theme, since then, exists as a trademark for Greece. It is also known as "Syrtaki dance", inspired by old Cretan traditional dances.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 September 2021|title=Mikis Theodorakis: Greek Patriot, Renowned Composer Dead at 96|url=https://greekreporter.com/2021/09/02/mikis-theodorakis-dead/|access-date=2 September 2021|website=[[Greek Reporter]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

== During the dictatorship ==
[[File:Griekse componinst Mikis Theodorakis in Nederland, Theodorakis in televisiestudi, Bestanddeelnr 925-3321.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Photo of Mikis Theodorakis|Mikis Theodorakis in 1972]]
On 21 April 1967 the [[Regime of the Colonels]] [[History of Modern Greece#Postwar Greece|took power in a putsch]]. Theodorakis was a symbol of resistance to the military regime. He went into hiding, issued the first call for resistance against the dictatorship on 23 April. and founded the {{ill|Pan-Hellenic Anti-Dictatorship Front|el|Πανελλήνιο Αντιδικτατορικό Μέτωπο}} (PAM).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Trousas|first=Fondas|title=Ο Μίκης Θεοδωράκης τις ημέρες του Πολυτεχνείου: το παράδοξο της απαγόρευσης των τραγουδιών, αλλά όχι του βιβλίου του|url=https://www.lifo.gr/arxeio/o-mikis-theodorakis-tis-imeres-toy-polytehneioy-paradoxo-tis-apagoreysis-ton-tragoydion-alla|date=16 November 2018|website=[[Lifo (magazine)|Lifo]]|language=el}}</ref> On 1 June, the Colonels published "Army decree No 13", which banned playing, and even listening to his music. Theodorakis was arrested on 21 August,<ref>Mikis Theodorakis: Journal of Resistance, p. 71 sq</ref> and jailed for five months. He was released at the end of January 1968, and then deported in August to [[Zatouna]] with his wife, Myrto, and their two children, Margarita and {{ill|Yorgos Theodorakis|lt=George|de|George Theodorakis}}.<ref>Mikis Theodorakis, op. cit., p. 169 sq</ref> Later he was interned in the [[concentration camp]] of [[Oropos]].<ref>Mikis Theodorakis, op. cit., p. 263 sq</ref>

An international solidarity movement, headed by such personalities as [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[Leonard Bernstein]], [[Arthur Miller]], and [[Harry Belafonte]] demanded to get Theodorakis freed. On request of the French politician [[Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber]], Theodorakis was allowed to go into exile to Paris on 13 April 1970. Theodorakis' flight left secretly from an [[Aristotle Onassis|Onassis]]-owned private airport outside Athens. He arrived at [[Le Bourget Airport]] where he met [[Costa Gavras]], [[Melina Mercouri]] and [[Jules Dassin]]. Theodorakis was immediately hospitalized with [[tuberculosis]].<ref>Mikis Theodorakis, op. cit, p. 280sq</ref> His wife and children joined him a week later in France, having travelled from Greece via Italy on a boat.<ref>The story of this rescue in French, cf. Guy Wagner: Mikis Theodorakis. Une vie pour la Grèce, p. 387 sq.; in German, cf. Guy Wagner: Mikis Theodorakis. Ein Leben für Griechenland, p. 420 sq</ref>

He would compose, alongside [[Herbert Pagani|Pagani]], the anthem of the [[Socialist Party (France)|French Socialist Party]], in 1977.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ina.fr|first=Institut National de l'Audiovisuel-|title=1977 : Mikis Theodorakis présente l'hymne du PS, "Changer la vie" – Archives vidéo et radio Ina.fr|url=http://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1977-mikis-theodorakis-presente-l-hymne-du-ps-changer-la-vie/|access-date=4 September 2021|website=Ina.fr|language=fr-FR|archive-date=3 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903211548/https://www.ina.fr/contenus-editoriaux/articles-editoriaux/1977-mikis-theodorakis-presente-l-hymne-du-ps-changer-la-vie/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Gaffney|first=J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NRzuCwAAQBAJ&q=Mikis+Theodorakis+changer+la+vie&pg=PA225|title=Political Leadership in France: From Charles de Gaulle to Nicolas Sarkozy|date=9 April 2010|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-230-27478-5|language=en}}</ref>{{Clear}}

== Resistance in exile ==
In 1971, Mikis Theodorakis was invited to Chile by then-[[President of Chile|president]] [[Salvador Allende]]. In [[Valparaíso]], he listened to a group of young people who introduced him to part of the work of the poet [[Pablo Neruda]]. Theodorakis loved it and promised to give Chile his musical opinion on the ''[[Canto General]]''. Back to Paris, in 1972 Theodorakis met Pablo Neruda when the Greek composer was rehearsing the musicalization of ''Canto General''. Neruda was impressed and asked him to include poems such as "Lautaro" and "A Emiliano Zapata".<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-58419324|journal=BBC in Spanish|title=La fascinante historia de la amistad entre Mikis Theodorakis y Pablo Neruda que llevó al compositor griego a musicalizar el poemario "Canto General"|date=2 September 2021|language=Spanish}}</ref>

[[File:Theodorakis Kaisaria 70s Mordo Avrahmov.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mikis Theodorakis at a concert in Caesarea, Israel, in the 1970s.]]

He was received by [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] and [[Josip Broz Tito|Tito]], [[Yigal Allon]] and [[Yasser Arafat]], while [[François Mitterrand]], [[Olof Palme]] and [[Willy Brandt]] became his friends. For millions of people, Theodorakis was the symbol of resistance against the Greek dictatorship together with [[Melina Mercouri]].<ref>Gail Holst, op. cit, p. 206 sq</ref><ref>François Mitterrand: ''Je peux me dire son ami'' (Preface to: Mikis Theodorakis: ''Les Fiancés de Pénélope)''</ref><ref name="TNYT">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/02/arts/music/mikis-theodorakis-dead.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|title=Mikis Theodorakis, 'Zorba' Composer and Marxist Rebel, Dies at 96|date=2 September 2021|first=Robert|last=D. McFadden|archive-date=2 September 2021|access-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210902092214/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/02/arts/music/mikis-theodorakis-dead.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Return to Greece ==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-0115-030, Pfingsttreffen der FDJ.jpg|thumb|Theodorakis on a visit in [[East Germany]], May 1989]]

After the fall of the colonels, Mikis Theodorakis returned to Greece on 24 July 1974 to continue his work and his concert tours, both in Greece and abroad.<ref>Gail Holst, op. cit, p. 271 sq</ref> His return was in triumph, with huge crowds and his music playing on the radio.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/07/26/archives/theodorakis-expresses-joy-on-return-to-athens.html|title=Theodorakis Expresses Joy on Return to Athens|date=26 July 1974|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> At the same time he participated in public affairs. In 1978, through his article ''For a United Left Wing'', he had "stirred up the Greek political life. His proposal for the unification of the three parties of the former [[United Left (Greece)]]—which had grown out of the [[National Liberation Front (Greece)|National Liberation Front]]—had been accepted by the Greek Communist Party which later proposed him as the candidate for mayor of Athens during the 1978 elections." (Andreas Brandes)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/379/1/67/ |title=Mikis Theodorakis – The Home Page – "I Gitonies tou Kosmou" |website=En.mikis-theodorakis.net |date=24 August 2004 |access-date=13 February 2012 |archive-date=20 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320184625/http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/379/1/67/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> He was later elected several times to the Greek Parliament (1981–1986 and 1989–1993) and for two years, from 1990 to 1992, he was a minister in the government of [[Constantine Mitsotakis]]. After his resignation as a member of Greek parliament, he was appointed General Musical Director of the Choir and the two Orchestras of the Hellenic State Radio ([[Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation|ERT]]), which he reorganised and with which he undertook successful concert tours abroad.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/31/1/8/ |title=Mikis Theodorakis – The Home Page – 1988-1996 |website=En.mikis-theodorakis.net |access-date=13 February 2012 |archive-date=29 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929132819/http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/31/1/8/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

He was committed to raising international awareness of human rights, environmental issues, and the need for peace.  For this reason, he initiated, along with the Turkish author, musician, singer and filmmaker [[Zülfü Livaneli]], the Greek–Turkish Friendship Society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loizidis.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=147&Itemid=116&lang=en|title=Mikis Theodorakis profile|website=Loizidis.com|access-date=13 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713232743/http://www.loizidis.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=147&Itemid=116&lang=en|archive-date=13 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

From 1981, Theodorakis had started the ''fourth period'' of his musical writing, during which he returned to the symphonic music, while still going on to compose song-cycles. His most significant works written in these years are his ''Second'', ''Third'', ''Fourth'', and ''Seventh Symphony'', most of them being first performed in the former [[German Democratic Republic]] between 1982 and 1989. It was during this period that he received the [[Lenin Peace Prize]]. He composed his first opera [[Kostas Kariotakis]] (The Metamorphoses of Dionysus) and the ballet [[Zorba the Greek]], premièred in the [[Arena of Verona]] during the Festival Verona 1988. During this period, he also wrote the five volumes of his autobiography: ''The Ways of the Archangel'' (''{{lang|el|Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου}}'').<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=McFadden|first=Robert D.|orig-date=2 September 2021|date=3 September 2021|page=A20|id={{Gale|A674108918}}|title=Mikis Theodorakis, Greek Composer and Marxist Rebel, Dies at 96|language=en-US|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/02/arts/music/mikis-theodorakis-dead.html|access-date=2 September 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2 September 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210902092214/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/02/arts/music/mikis-theodorakis-dead.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1989, he started the ''fifth period'', the last, of his musical writing: He composed three operas (lyric tragedies) ''[[Medea (Theodorakis)|Medea]]'', first performed in [[Bilbao]] (1 October 1991), ''[[Elektra (Theodorakis opera)|Elektra]]'', first performed in [[Luxembourg]] (2 May 1995) and ''[[Antigone (Theodorakis opera)|Antigone]]'', first performed in [[Athens Concert Hall]] (7 October 1999). This trilogy was complemented by his last opera ''[[Lysistrata]]'', first performed in Athens (14 April 2002): a call for peace... With his operas, and with his song cycles from 1974 to 2006, Theodorakis ushered in the period of his ''Lyrical Life''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kutulas |first1=Asteris |title=Mikis Theodorakis, without a partner in dialogue |url=https://neoskosmos.com/en/2021/09/03/dialogue/opinion/mikis-theodorakis-without-a-partner-in-dialogue/ |website=Neos Kosmos |access-date=14 September 2021 |date=3 September 2021}}</ref>

In March 1997, gave a concert at the Berlin [[Haus der Kulturen der Welt]]. Afterwards he was hospitalized due to respiratory difficulties and it was when he declared that this was his last concert.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mikis Theodorakis: Greece's poet of freedom
|url=https://www.dw.com/en/mikis-theodorakis-greeces-poet-of-freedom/g-54344493|date=2 September 2021|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref>
<!--
For a period of 10 years, [[Alexia Vassiliou]] teamed up with Mikis Theodorakis and his Popular Orchestra. During that time, and as a tribute to Theodorakis' body of work, Vassiliou recorded a double album showcasing some of the composer's musical creations, and in 1998, Sony BMG released the album titled ''Alexia–Mikis Theodorakis''.{{cn|date=September 2021}} unable to cite this reliably-->

Theodorakis was [[Doctor honoris causa]] of several universities.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mikis Theodorakis, figure des arts et de la politique en Grèce, est mort|url=https://www.sudouest.fr/politique/mikis-theodorakis-figure-des-arts-et-de-la-politique-en-grece-est-mort-5677724.php|access-date=2 September 2021|website=[[Sud Ouest (newspaper)|Sud Ouest]]|date=9 February 2021 |language=fr-FR|last1=Jonathan |first1=Stéphane C. }}</ref>

[[File:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and George Papandreou, Greece May 2010 5.jpg|thumb|Theodorakis holding hands with [[Turkish Prime Minister]] [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] and [[Prime Minister of Greece|Greek Prime Minister]] [[George Papandreou]]]]

== Later life and death ==
He later lived in retirement, reading, writing, publishing arrangements of his scores, texts about culture and politics. On occasions he took position: in 1999, opposing [[NATO]]'s [[Kosovo war]] and in 2003 against the [[Iraq War]]. In 2005, he was awarded the ''Sorano Friendship and Peace Award'', the Russian ''International St.-Andrew-the-First-Called Prize'', the insignia of ''Grand Officer of the Order of Merit'' of [[Luxembourg]], and the ''IMC UNESCO International Music Prize'', while already in 2002 he was honoured in Bonn with the ''[[Erich Wolfgang Korngold]] Prize'' for film music at the International Film Music Biennial in Bonn<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=17497|title=classical music – andante – news|date=11 January 2003|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030111003119/http://www.andante.com/article/article.cfm?id=17497|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=11 January 2003}}</ref> (cf also: Homepage of the Art and Exhibition Hall Bonn).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.kah-bonn.de/filmmusik/mikise.htm |title=Art and Exhibition Hall – International Biennal For Film |website=2.kah-bonn.de |date=28 June 2002 |access-date=13 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222234516/http://www2.kah-bonn.de/filmmusik/mikise.htm |archive-date=22 February 2012 }}</ref> In 2007, he received a ''Lifetime Achievement Award'' at the distribution of the ''World Soundtrack Awards'' in Ghent.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/493/1/71/ |title=Mikis Theodorakis – The Home Page – 20.10.07: Lifetime Achievement Award |website=En.mikis-theodorakis.net |date=23 September 2007 |access-date=13 February 2012 |archive-date=7 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210907233114/http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/493/1/71/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

A final set of songs titled: ''Odysseia'' was composed by utilizing [[poetry]] written by [[Costas Kartelias]] for lyrics. In 2009 he composed a Rhapsody for Strings (Mezzo-Soprano or Baryton ad lib.). Created on 30 January 2013, Theodorakis achieved the distinction of producing one of the largest works by any composer of any time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hri.org/news/greek/apeen/2007/07-03-20_1.apeen.html |title=Athens News Agency: News in English, 07–03–20 |website=Hri.org |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref>

On 26 February 2019, Theodorakis was hospitalized with heart problems.  On 8 March, he underwent surgery for a [[pacemaker]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190307-zorba-composer-mikis-theodorakis-hospital-with-heart-problem|title=Zorba composer Mikis Theodorakis in hospital with 'heart problem'|website=France24.com|date=7 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/234211/famed-greek-composer-theodorakis-now-anti-syriza-hospitalized/|title=Famed Greek Composer Theodorakis, Now Anti-SYRIZA, Hospitalized|publisher=The National Herald|date=10 March 2019}}</ref> He died of cardiopulmonary arrest at his home in Athens on 2 September 2021, at the age of 96.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="BBC">{{Cite news|date=2 September 2021|title=Mikis Theodorakis, composer of Zorba the Greek, dies aged 96|language=en-GB|publisher=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58419832|access-date=2 September 2021|archive-date=2 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102134952/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58419832|url-status=live}}</ref> The Greek Prime Minister declared three days of national mourning to honour him,<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=3 September 2021|title=Nation mourns a great Greek|language=en-GB|website=Ekathimerini.com|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1167280/nation-mourns-a-great-greek/|access-date=3 September 2021}}</ref> and his body lay in state in the chapel of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, with thousands of people, including artists, as well as political leaders from all Greek parties paying their last respects. Epitaphs were delivered by the president of the Hellenic Republic, Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou, and the general secretary of the [[Communist Party of Greece]], [[Dimitrios Koutsoumbas]]. Afterwards, according to his will, his body was transferred by boat overnight to be buried in his hometown of Galatas, near Chania, Crete, where his parents and brother {{ill|Giannis Theodorakis|el|Γιάννης Θεοδωράκης (δημοσιογράφος-ποιητής)}} were buried. <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=8 September 2021|title=Theodorakis' remains depart Piraeus for Crete|language=en-GB|website=Ekathimerini.com|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1167576/theodorakis-remains-depart-piraeus-for-crete/|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>

==Political views==
===Israel and Jews===
Theodorakis opposed Israel's occupation of Gaza and the West Bank. He criticised Greek Prime Minister [[George Papandreou]] for establishing closer relations with Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], who was guilty, he said, of "war crimes in Lebanon and Gaza."<ref name="Antizio">{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=208291 |title='Zorba the Greek' composer: I'm anti-Semitic |website=Jpost.com |date=15 February 2011 |access-date=13 February 2012}}</ref> Theodorakis was a vocal critic of Zionism, and referred to himself as an "anti-Zionist."<ref name="Antizionist">{{cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2011/02/10/%E2%80%98zorba%E2%80%99-composer-declares-himself-an-anti-semite|title='Zorba' Composer Declares Himself an Anti-Semite|author=A. Makris|website=Greece.greekreporter.com|date=10 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Zorba' composer declares himself an anti-Semite|url=http://www.jta.org/2011/02/09/news-opinion/world/zorba-composer-declares-himself-an-anti-semite|publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency|date=9 February 2011|quote=Oddly, during the television interview he said that "I'm an anti-Semite but I love Jews."}}</ref><ref name="Wistrich2012">{{cite book|author=Robert S. Wistrich|title=From Ambivalence to Betrayal: The Left, the Jews, and Israel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yBvt4Fwc5XoC&pg=PA16|date=1 June 2012|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|isbn=978-0-8032-4083-4|page=16}}</ref><ref name="Rynhold2015">{{cite book|author=Jonathan Rynhold|title=The Arab-Israeli Conflict in American Political Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogZEBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|date=23 February 2015|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-1-107-09442-0|page=26}}</ref> In 2003, he stated, "Everything that happens today in the world has to do with the Zionists ... American Jews are behind the world economic crisis that has hit Greece as well." He was accused of saying that "this small nation (Israel) is the root of evil".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Droumpouki |first1=Anna Maria |title=Shaping Holocaust memory in Greece: memorials and their public history |journal=National Identities |date=2016 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=199–216 |doi=10.1080/14608944.2015.1027760|bibcode=2016NatId..18..199D |s2cid=144999147 }}</ref> Theodorakis later clarified his comments, stating in a letter to the Central Council of Jews in Greece that what he had said was: "Unfortunately the state of Israel supports the United States and their foreign policy, which is the root of the Evil and, therefore, it is close to the root of the Evil.”<ref name=resp>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2011 |title=Mikis Theodorakis' response to Central Jewish Council of Greece |url=https://newpost.gr/eidiseis/mikis-theodorakis-response-to-central-jewish-council-of-greece/ |website=Newpost |access-date=14 April 2024 |archive-date=26 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726154147/https://newpost.gr/eidiseis/mikis-theodorakis-response-to-central-jewish-council-of-greece/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He was also accused of having admitted his anti-Semitism during an interview on Greek TV on 8 February 2011. His controversial statement on television had been: “I should clarify that I am anti-Semite. Essentially, I love the Jewish people, I love the Jews, I have lived long with them but as much as I hate anti-Semitism, I hate Zionism even more so”, being "I am anti-Semite" an obvious slip of the tongue for "anti-Zionist".<ref name=resp/> In 2013, he condemned [[Golden Dawn (Greece)|Golden Dawn]] for [[Holocaust denial]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Congress |first1=World Jewish |title=World Jewish Congress |url=https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/mikis-theodorakis-holocaust-denial-by-greek-extremists-is-a-disgrace?print=true |access-date=31 May 2021 |date=24 June 2013 |language=en}}</ref>

===Views of the United States===
Theodorakis was a long-time critic of the United States foreign policy. During the invasion of Iraq, he called Americans "detestable, ruthless cowards and murderers of the people of the world". He said he would consider anyone who interacted with "these barbarians", for whatever reason, as his enemy.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/07/world/a-nation-at-war-protest-anti-americanism-in-greece-is-reinvigorated-by-war.html? A Nation at War: Protest; Anti-Americanism in Greece Is Reinvigorated by War] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229113401/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/07/world/a-nation-at-war-protest-anti-americanism-in-greece-is-reinvigorated-by-war.html |date=29 December 2017 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', 7 April 2003</ref> Theodorakis greatly opposed the [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia]]  during the [[Yugoslav Wars]]. He participated in a charity concert protesting the bombing in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV5caDKNeIU | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218104032/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV5caDKNeIU| archive-date=18 December 2015 | url-status=dead|title= Mikis Theodorakis – About the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 16-6-2013 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |date=16 June 2013 |access-date=23 August 2014}}</ref>

===2010–2011: Non-political movement===
On 1 December 2010, Mikis Theodorakis founded "Spitha: People's Independent Movement", a non-political movement which calls people to gather and express their political ideas. The main goal of "Spitha" is to help Greece stay clear of its economic crisis.<ref>{{cite web|author=gravity.gr – interactive web|url=http://www.mikis-theodorakis-kinisi-anexartiton-politon.gr/|title=Κίνηση Ανεξάρτητων Πολιτών – Επίσημη ιστοσελίδα|website=Mikis-theodorakis-kinisi-anexartiton-politon.gr|access-date=13 February 2012|archive-date=27 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227104944/http://www.mikis-theodorakis-kinisi-anexartiton-politon.gr/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 31 May 2011, Theodorakis gave a speech attended by approximately 10,000 people in the center of Athens, criticising the Greek government for the loan debt it has taken from the [[International Monetary Fund]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vzsUAD6y0s|title=Η ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΤΟΥ ΜΙΚΗ ΘΕΟΔΩΡΑΚΗ ΣΤΑ ΠΡΟΠΥΛΑΙΑ 31-5-2011|publisher=[[YouTube]]|date=31 May 2011|access-date=13 February 2012|archive-date=24 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724205616/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vzsUAD6y0s|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Positions on Macedonia===
In 1997 Mikis Theodorakis stated on the [[Macedonia naming dispute|Macedonian issue]] that "The name does not matter so much, as long as the peoples live in peace". Later, in an interview, he stressed "In fact, this country is being pushed towards improving relations with Greece. So why shouldn't it be possible for our relations to prosper at all levels and whatever comes up? The Customs Union, confederation, etc. are just conditions. In any case, I think that the name issue will be overcome when the relations between the two peoples reach such a point that the name will not matter at all".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news247.gr/afieromata/otan-o-mikis-theodorakis-edine-synaylia-filias-sta-skopia.6574600.html|title=Όταν ο Μίκης Θεοδωράκης έδινε συναυλία φιλίας στα Σκόπια|website=News247.gr|date=5 February 2018|first=Christos|last=Demetis}}</ref>

Theodorakis was one of the main speakers at the Rally for Macedonia in Athens, which took place on 4 February 2018. In his speech, he stated that "Macedonia is one, was, is and will always be Greek."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.protothema.gr/politics/article/757529/mikis-gia-ti-makedonia-adelfia-mou-ellines-ratsistes-traboukoi/|title=Μίκης: Δεν θα δώσουμε ποτέ το όνομα Μακεδονία – Μας κυβερνούν εθνομηδενιστές|publisher=[[Proto Thema]]|date=4 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.gr/entry/omilia-mike-theodorake-mas-kevernoen-ethnomedenistes-me-kanenan-tropo-o-oros-makedonia-sto-neo-onoma-tes-pydm_gr_5a77053de4b0905433b4f6d0|title=«Ομιλία Μίκη Θεοδωράκη: Μας κυβερνούν εθνομηδενιστές. Με κανέναν τρόπο ο όρος Μακεδονία στο νέο όνομα της ΠΓΔΜ».|publisher=[[Huffington Post]]|date=4 February 2018}}</ref> The statements garnered support from parties in parliament, while even [[Golden Dawn (Greece)|Golden Dawn]] MPs welcomed Mikis Theodorakis' shift on the name of Macedonia. Members of [[Syriza|SYRIZA]] and [[Yiannis Boutaris]] commented negatively on Theodorakis' statements. Also, the day before the rally, a group of anarchists threw paint at the entrance of his house and then wrote threatening messages, such as: "Your story starts from the mountain and ends in the national swamp of [[Syntagma Square]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/946801/article/epikairothta/ellada/epi8esh-me-mpogies-kai-syn8hmata-sto-spiti-toy-mikh-8eodwrakh|title=Επίθεση με μπογιές και συνθήματα στο σπίτι του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη|publisher=[[Kathimerini]]|date=3 February 2018|access-date=7 September 2021|archive-date=24 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624074858/http://www.kathimerini.gr/946801/article/epikairothta/ellada/epi8esh-me-mpogies-kai-syn8hmata-sto-spiti-toy-mikh-8eodwrakh|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Works==
Source:<ref name="c728">{{cite web | title=Mikis Theodorakis | website=[[Schott Music]] | date=29 July 1925 | url=https://www.schott-music.com/en/person/mikis-theodorakis | access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref>

His song cycles are based on poems by Greek authors, as well as by [[Federico García Lorca|García Lorca]] and [[Pablo Neruda|Neruda]]: Epitaphios, Archipelagos, Politia A-D, Epiphania, The Hostage, Mykres Kyklades, Mauthausen, Romiossini, Sun and Time, Songs for Andreas, Mythology, Night of Death, Ta Lyrika, The Quarters of the World, Dionysos, Phaedra, Mia Thalassa, Os Archaios Anemos, Ta Lyrikotera, Ta Lyrikotata, Erimia, Odysseia.
Theodorakis released two albums of his songs and song cycles on Paredon Records and [[Folkways Records]] in the early seventies, including his ''Peoples' Music: The Struggles of the Greek People'' (1974).<ref>[http://www.folkways.si.edu/searchresults.aspx?sPhrase=Mikis%20Theodorakis&sType='phrase'/ Theodorakis Discography] at [[Smithsonian Folkways|folkways.si.edu]]; accessed 7 December 2017.</ref>

===Symphonic works===
*1945: The Apocalypse (Ode to Beethoven)
*1947: Festival of Asi Gonia 
*1952: Piano Concerto "Helikon"
*1953: First Symphony ("Proti Simfonia")
*1954–1959: 3 Orchestral Suites
*1958: Piano Concerto No 1 
*1981: Symphony No 2 ("The Song of the Earth"; text: Mikis Theodorakis) for children's choir, piano, and orchestra
*1981: Symphony No 3 (texts: [[Dionysios Solomos]]; [[Constantine P. Cavafy]]; Byzantine hymns) for soprano, choir, and orchestra
*1983: Symphony No 7 ("Spring-Symphony"; texts: [[Yiannis Ritsos|Yannis Ritsos]]; Yorgos Kulukis) for four soloists, choir, and orchestra
*1986–1987: Symphony No 4 ("Of Choirs") for soprano, mezzo, narrator, choir, and symphonic orchestra without strings
*1995: Rhapsody for Guitar and Orchestra
*1995: Sinfonietta  
*1996: Rhapsody for Cello and Orchestra
*2008: Rhapsody for Trumpet and Orchestra (for Piccolo Trumpet, orchestrated by Robert Gulya)
*2010: "Andalusia" for Mezzo and Orchestra
Source:<ref name=Discogs />

===Chamber music===
*1942: 	Sonatina for piano
*1945: 	Elegy No 1, for cello and piano
*1945: 	Elegy No 2, for violin and piano
*1946: 	String Quartet No 1
*1946: String Quartet No 2 "To Kimiterio"
*1946: 	Duetto, for two violins
*1947: 	Trio, for violin, cello and piano
*1947: 	11 Preludes, for piano
*1947: 	Sexteto, for piano, flute and string quartet
*1949: 	Study for two violins and cello
*1952: 	Syrtos Chaniotikos, for piano and percussion
*1952: 	Sonatina No 1, for violin and piano
*1955: 	Little Suite, for piano
*1955: 	Passacaglia, for two pianos
*1959: 	Sonatina No 2, for violin and piano
*1989:  Choros Assikikos, for violoncello solo
*1996:  Melos, for piano
*2007:  East of the Aegean, for cello and piano

===Cantatas and oratorios===
*1960: [[Axion Esti]] (text: [[Odysseas Elytis]])
*1969: [[The March of the Spirit]] (text: [[Angelos Sikelianos]])
*1971–82: [[Canto General]] (text: [[Pablo Neruda]])
*1981–82: Kata Saddukaion Pathi (Sadducean-Passion; text: [[Michalis Katsaros]]) for tenor, baritone, bass, choir and orchestra
*1982: Liturgy No 2 ("To children, killed in War"); texts: [[Tassos Livaditis]], Mikis Theodorakis) for choir
*1982–83: Lorca, for voice, solo guitar, choir, and orchestra (based on ''Romancero Gitano'' (text: [[Federico García Lorca]], translated by Odysseas Elytis)
*1992: Canto Olympico, for voice, solo piano, choir, and orchestra (texts: Dimitra Manda, Mikis Theodorakis)
*1999: Requiem (text: St. John Damascene)
* 2009:tis dikaiosunis hlie nohte

===Hymns===
*1970: 	Hymn for Nasser
*1973: 	Hymn for the Socialist Movement in Venezuela
*1973: 	Hymn for the Students. dedicated to the victims of Polytechnical School in Athens (18.11.)
*1977: 	Hymn of the French Socialist Party
*1978: 	Hymn for Malta
*1982: 	Hymn of P.L.O.
*1991: 	Hymn of the Mediterranean Games
*1992: 	"Hellenism" (A song for the [[1992 Summer Olympics opening ceremony|opening ceremony]] of the [[1992 Summer Olympics]], later used again during the [[2004 Summer Olympics]])

===Ballets===
*1953: Carnaval (choreography: Rallou Manou)
*1958: Le Feu aux Poudres (choreography: [[Paul Goubé]])
*1958: Les Amants de Teruel (choreography: Milko Šparemblek)
*1959: Antigone (choreography: [[John Cranko]])
*1972: Antigone in Jail (choreography: Micha van Hoecke)
*1979: Elektra (choreography: Serge Kenten)
*1983: Sept Danses Grecques (choreography: [[Maurice Béjart]])
*1987–88: Zorba il Greco (choreography: [[Lorca Massine]])

===Operas===
*1984–1985: Kostas Karyotakis (The Metamorphosis of Dionysos)
*1988–1990: Medea
*1992–1993: Elektra
*1995–1996: Antigone
*1999–2001: Lysistrata

===Music for the stage===
====Classical tragedies====
*1959–1960: [[Phoenician Women]] ([[Euripides]])
*1960–1961: [[Ajax (Sophocles)|Ajax]] ([[Sophocles]])
*1965: [[Trojan Women]] (Euripides)
*1966–1967: [[Lysistrata]] ([[Aristophanes]])
*1977: [[The Suppliants (Aeschylus)|The Suppliants]] ([[Aeschylus]])
*1979: [[The Knights]] ([[Aristophanes]])
*1986–1988: [[Oresteia]]: Agamemnon, Choephorae, Eumenides (Aeschylus)
*1987: [[Hecuba (play)|Hecuba]] (Euripides)
*1990: [[Antigone (Sophocles play)|Antigone]] (Sophocles)
*1992: [[Prometheus Bound]] (Aeschylus)
*1996: [[Oedipus Rex]] (Sophocles)
*2001: [[Medea (play)|Medea]] (Euripides)

====Modern plays====
*1960–1961: To Tragoudi tou Nekrou Adelfou (Ballad of the Dead Brother), Musical Tragedy (text: Mikis Theodorakis)
*1961–1962: Omorphi Poli (Beautiful City), revue (Bost, Dimitris Christodoulou, Christofelis, et al.)
*1963: I Gitonia ton Angelon (The Quarter of Angels), Music-drama ([[Iakovos Kambanelis]])
*1963: Magiki Poli (Enchanted City), revue (Mikis Theodorakis, Notis Pergialis, Michalis Katsaros)
*1971: Antigoni stin Filaki (Antigone in Jail), drama
*1974: Prodomenos Laos (Betrayed People), music for the theatre (Vangelis Goufas)
*1975: Echtros Laos (Enemy People), drama (Iakovos Kambanelis)
*1975: Christophorus Kolumbus, drama ([[Nikos Kazantzakis]])
*1976: Kapodistrias, drama (Nikos Kazantzakis)
*1977: O Allos Alexandros ("The Other Alexander"), drama (Margarita Limberaki)
*1979: Papflessas, play (Spiros Melas)

====International theatre====
*1961: Enas Omiros (The Hostage), drama ([[Brendan Behan]])
*1963: The Chinese Wall, drama ([[Max Frisch]])
*1975: Das Sauspiel, tragicomedy ([[Martin Walser]])
*1979: Caligula, drama ([[Albert Camus]])
*1978: Polites B' Katigorias (Second-Class Citizens), drama ([[Brian Friel]])
*1980: Perikles, tragedy, ([[William Shakespeare]])
*1994: Macbeth, tragedy (William Shakespeare)

===Principal film scores===
Source:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://int.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/static/15/|title=Soundtracks|website=Official site|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921142809/http://int.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/static/15/|archive-date=21 September 2009}}</ref><ref name="ALL">{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/mikis-theodorakis-mn0000897371/discography/all|title=Mikis Theodorakis discography in Allmusic|website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref><ref name=Discogs />
*1952–53: ''[[Eva (1953 film)|Eva]]'' (Director: [[Maria Plyta]])
*1953: ''{{ill|The Barefoot Battalion|el|Το ξυπόλητο τάγμα}}'' (Director: [[Gregg G. Tallas]])
*1953: ''The Golgotha of an Orphan'' (Director: {{ill|Dimis Dadiras|el|Ντίμης Δαδήρας}}, Spiros Nikolaidis)
*1957: ''[[Ill Met by Moonlight (film)|Ill Met by Moonlight]]'' (Director: [[Michael Powell]])
*1960: ''[[Honeymoon (1959 film)|Honeymoon]]'' (Director: [[Michael Powell]], Choreography: [[Léonide Massine]])
*1960: ''[[Faces in the Dark]]'' (Director: [[David Eady (film director)|David Eady]])
*1961: ''[[Shadow of the Cat]]'' (Director: [[John Gilling]])
*1961: ''[[Phaedra (film)|Phaedra]]'' (Director: [[Jules Dassin]])
*1962: ''[[The Lovers of Teruel (film)|The Lovers of Teruel]]'' (Director: [[Raymond Rouleau]])
*1962: ''[[Five Miles to Midnight]]'' (Director: [[Anatole Litvak]])
*1962: ''[[Electra (1962 film)|Electra]]'' (Director: [[Michael Cacoyannis]])
*1964: ''[[Zorba the Greek (film)|Zorba the Greek]]'' (Director: [[Michael Cacoyannis]])
*1966: ''[[A Bullet Through the Heart]]'' (Director: [[Jean-Daniel Pollet]])
*1967: ''[[The Day the Fish Came Out]]'' (Director: [[Michael Cacoyannis]])
*1969: ''[[Z (1969 film)|Z]]'' (Director: [[Costa-Gavras]])
*1971: ''[[:fr:Biribi (film)|Biribi]]'' (Director: {{ill|Daniel Moosmann|fr}})
*1971: ''[[The Trojan Women (film)|The Trojan Women]]'' (Director: [[Michael Cacoyannis]])
*1972: ''[[State of Siege]]'' (Director: [[Costa-Gavras]])
*1973: ''[[The Battle of Sutjeska (film)|The Battle of Sutjeska]]'' (Director: [[Stipe Delić]])
*1973: ''[[Serpico]]'' (Director: [[Sidney Lumet]])
*1974: ''[[The Rehearsal (1974 film)|The Rehearsal]]'' (Director: [[Jules Dassin]])
*1976: ''[[Letters from Marusia|Actas de Marousia]]'' (Director: [[Miguel Littín]])
*1977: ''[[Iphigenia]]'' (Director: [[Michael Cacoyannis]])
*1980: ''[[The Man with the Carnation]]'' (Director: Nikos Tzimas)
*2013: ''Recycling Medea'' (Director: [[Asteris Kutulas]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thegreekfilmfestivalinberlin.com/portfolio-item/recycling-medea/|title=Recycling Medea (Special screening) – by Asteris Kutulas|website=Thegreekfilmfestivalinberlin.com|access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref>

==Scores==
*Rhapsody for Cello and Orchestra
*March of the spirit (Oratorio, Full Score)
*Axion esti (Oratorio Full Score)
*Zorbas Ballet (Suite – Ballet, Full Score)
*Carnaval (Suite – Ballet Full, Score)
*Adagio (Full Score) & Sinfonietta (Full Score)
*Epiphania Averof (Cantata)
*Canto Olympico (Oratorio)
*Les Eluard
*{{lang|el|Ο κύκλος}}
*{{lang|el|20 τραγούδια για πιάνο και αρμόνιο}}
*{{lang|el|Η Βεατρίκη στην οδό Μηδέν}}
*{{lang|el|Μια θάλασσα γεμάτη μουσική}}
*{{lang|el|Τα λυρικώτερα}}
*{{lang|el|Τα λυρικώτατα}}
*{{lang|el|Τα πρόσωπα του Ήλιου}}
*{{lang|el|Φαίδρα}} (Phaedra)
*{{lang|el|Λιποτάκτες}}
*{{lang|el|Θαλασσινά φεγγάρια}}
*{{lang|el|Ασίκικο πουλάκη}}
*Romancero Gitano ({{lang|el|για πιάνο – φωνή}})
*{{lang|el|Τα Λυρικά}}
*{{lang|el|Ταξίδι μέσα στη νύχτα}}
*{{lang|el|Μικρές Κυκλάδες}}
*{{lang|el|Διόνυσος}} (Dionysus)
*{{lang|el|Επιφάνια}} (Epiphany)
*{{lang|el|Επιτάφιος}} (Epitaph)
*{{lang|el|Μπαλάντες. Κύκλος τραγουδιών για πιάνο και φωνή}}
*{{lang|el|Χαιρετισμοί. Κύκλος τραγουδιών για πιάνο και φωνή}}
*{{lang|el|Ένα όμηρος}}

==Internationally available CD releases==

*Mikis Theodorakis & Zülfü Livaneli	— ''Together'' (Tropical), 1997.<ref>{{cite book |title=Together! : Mikis Theodorakis & Zülfü Livaneli in concert|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/872505711|publisher=WorldCat |oclc=872505711|access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''First Symphony & Adagio'' (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis — ''Mikis'' (Peregrina)
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''Symphony No. 4'' (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''Symphony No. 7'' (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''Requiem: For soloists, choir and symphonic orchestra'' (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''Symphonietta & Etat de Siege'' (Wergo/Schott)
*Maria Farantouri & Rainer Kirchmann — ''Sun & Time: Songs by Theodorakis'' (Lyra)
*Mikis Theodorakis — ''[[Mauthausen Trilogy]]: In Greek, Hebrew and English'' (Plaene)
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''Carnaval — Raven'' (for mezzo and symphonic orchestra) (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis — ''Resistance'' (historic recordings) (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis — ''First Songs'' (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis — ''Antigone''/''Medea''/''Electra'' (3-Opera Box) (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''The Metamorphosis of Dionysus'' (Opera) (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis	 — ''Rhapsodies for Cello and Guitar'' (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis 	— ''East of the Aegean'' (for cello and piano) (Wergo/Schott)
*Mikis Theodorakis & Francesco Diaz  — ''Timeless'' (Wormland White)
Source:<ref name="Discogs">{{cite web |title=Mikis Theodorakis discography|url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/164808-Mikis-Theodorakis?limit=500&page=1|website=[[Discogs.com]] |access-date=8 September 2021}}</ref>

* Maria Farantouri	— ''Poetica'' (Songs by Theodorakis) (Peregrina)
* Maria Farantouri 	— ''Asmata'' (Songs by Theodorakis) (Peregrina)
* [[Irene Papas]] 	— ''[[Songs of Theodorakis]]'' ([[RCA Records]], 1968)

==Written works==
Books in Greek by Theodorakis:
*''Το χρέος'' (The Debt), ed. Terradia tetradias tis Democracy 1970–1971.
*''Μουσική για τις μάζες'' (Music for the masses), ed. Olkos, 1972.
*''Στοιχεία για μια νέα πολιτική»'' (Elements for new politics), ed. Papazisis, 1972.
*''Δημοκρατική και συγκεντρωτική αριστερά'' (Democratic and centralized left), ed. Papazisis, 1972.
*''Οι μνηστήρες της Πηνελόπης'' (The suitors of Penelope), ed. Papazisis, 1976.
*''Περί Τέχνης'' (On Art), ed. Papazisis, 1976.
*''Η αλλαγή. Προβλήματα ενότητας της Αριστεράς'' (Change. Problems of Unity of the Left), 1978.
*''Μαχόμενη Κουλτούρα'' (Fighting Culture), 1982. 
*''Για την ελληνική μουσική'' (For Greek Music), 1983. 
*''Ανατομία της σύγχρονης μουσικής'' (Anatomy of Contemporary Music), ed. Synchroni Epochi, 1983. 
*''Star System'', ed. Kaktos, 1984.
*''Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου'' (The Roads of the Archangel), autobiography, ed. Cedros, 1986–1995. 
*''Ζητείται Αριστερά'' (The Left is Wanted), ed. Sideris, 1989.
*''Αντιμανιφέστο'' (Antimanefesto), ed. Gnoseis. 
*''Πού πάμε'' (Where are we going?), ed. Gνoseis, 1989. 
*''Ανατομία της Μουσικής'' (Anatomy of Music), ed. Alpheios, 1990.
*''Να μαγευτώ και να μεθύσω'' (To be enchanted and drunk), ed. Livani, 2000.
*''Το μανιφέστο των Λαμπράκηδων'' (The Lambrakis Manifesto), ed. Helleniki Grammata, 2003. 
*The trilogy ''Πού να βρω την ψυχή μου...'' (Where to find my soul...), ed. Livani, 2003.
*''Μάνου Χατζηδάκι εγκώμιον'' (Praise of Manos Hadjidakis), ed. Janos, 2004.
*''Σπίθα για μια Ελλάδα ανεξάρτητη και δυνατή'' (Spark for an independent and strong Greece), ed. Janos, 2011.
*''Διάλογοι στο λυκόφως-90 συνεντεύξεις'' (Dialogues in the twilight-90 interviews), ed. Janos, 2016.
*''Μονόλογοι στο λυκαυγές'' (Monologues in the twilight), ed. Janos, 2017.
*"The Dialectics of Harmony (Στη Διαλεκτική της Αρμονίας), co-authored with Kostas Gouliamos, Gutenberg, 1918<ref name="Kath">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/561483568/o-mikis-theodorakis-me-dika-toy-logia/|journal=Kathimerini|title=Ο Μίκης Θεοδωράκης με δικά του λόγια |date=2 September 2021}}</ref>

===Poems===
*''Το τραγούδι του νεκρού αδελφού'' (The Song of the Dead Brother).
*''Ο Ήλιος και ο Χρόνος'' (The Sun and Time). 
*''Αρκαδία Ι'' (Arcadia I).
*''Αρκαδία VI'' (Arcadia VI). 
*''Αρκαδία X'' (Arcadia X). 
*''Τραγούδι της γης'' (Song of the Earth) from Symphony No. 2.<ref name=Kath />

==Awards and decorations==
*[[Lenin Peace Prize]], USSR (1983).<ref>Yearbook of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian). Moscow: Sovetskaya Enciklopediya. 1983.</ref>
*[[Order of the Phoenix (Greece)|Order of the Phoenix]], Greece (1995).<ref name=Kath />
*Officer of the [[Legion of Honour]], France (1996).<ref name=Kath />
*Doctor ''honoris causa'' of the [[University of Athens]] (1996).<ref name=Kath />
*Doctor ''honoris causa'' [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] (2000).<ref name=Kath /> 
*"Erich Korngold" prize, Germany (2002).<ref name=Kath /> 
*[[List of honorary citizens of Novi Sad|Honorary citizen of Novi Sad]], Serbia and Montenegro (2004).<ref>{{cite news|last1=|first1=|title=Почасни грађани Града Новог Сада|url=https://skupstina.novisad.rs/pocasni-gradjani/|access-date=19 September 2022|work=skupstina.novisad.rs|language=Serbian|archive-date=4 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204010353/https://skupstina.novisad.rs/pocasni-gradjani/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Znate li ko su počasni građani Novog Sada?|url=https://www.021.rs/story/Novosadske-price/306957/Znate-li-ko-su-pocasni-gradjani-Novog-Sada-Od-Tesle-preko-Sinise-Mihajlovica-do-Putina.html|access-date=19 September 2022|work=021.rs|date=19 May 2022|language=Serbian}}</ref>
*2005 International Music Prize, [[UNESCO]] [[International Music Council]] (2005).<ref name=Kath />
*Legion of Honour, France (2007).<ref name=Kath />
*Honorary member of the [[Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]] (2013).<ref name=Kath />
*Grand Cross of the [[Order of Honour (Greece)|Order of Honour]], Greece (2021).<ref>{{cite news |title=Παρασημοφορήσεις από την ΠτΔ - Στον Μ. Θεοδωράκη ο Μεγαλόσταυρος του Τάγματος της Τιμής |url=https://www.naftemporiki.gr/politics/873283/parasimoforiseis-apo-tin-ptd-ston-m-theodoraki-o-megalostavros-tou-tagmatos-tis-timis/ |access-date=11 March 2024 |work=www.naftemporiki.gr |date=23 July 2021 |language=el}}</ref>
*A picture of Theodorakis was included in the "In Memoriam" segment of the 94th Academy Awards Ceremony<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.athensvoice.gr/culture/cinema/751280-ta-oscars-2022-timisan-ti-mnimi-toy-miki-theodoraki|title=Τα Oscars 2022 τίμησαν τη μνήμη του Μίκη Θεοδωράκη|website=Athens Voice|date=28 March 2022 |accessdate=28 March 2022}}</ref>
*Grand Officer of the [[Order of Merit of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg]].

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* Jean Boivin, ''Messiaen's Teaching at the Paris Conservatoire: A Humanist Legacy'', in Siglind Bruhn, ''Messiaen's Language of Mystical Love'' (New York, Garland, 1998), 5–31: 10
* [[George Giannaris]]: ''Mikis Theodorakis. Music and Social Change'', Foreword by Mikis Theodorakis. G. Allen, London, 1972
* [[Gail Holst]]: ''Myth & Politics in Modern Greek Music'', Adolf M. Hakkert, Amsterdam, 1980
* Mikis Theodorakis: ''Journals of Resistance''. Translated from the French by Graham Webb, Hart-Davis MacGibbon, London, 1973
* Mikis Theodorakis: ''Music and Theater'', Translated by George Giannaris, Athens, 1983
* [[Asteris Koutoulas]]: ''O Mousikos Theodorakis'' / Theodorakis the Musician (in Greek). "Nea Synora – A. A. Livami, 1998. {{ISBN|978-960-236-916-6}}
* [[Guy Wagner]]: ''Mikis Theodorakis. Mia Zoi yia tin Ellada''. Typothito – Giorgos Dardanos, 2002. {{ISBN|960-402-008-0}} (The biography exists also in French: ''Mikis Theodorakis. Une Vie pour la Grèce''. Editions Phi, Luxembourg, 2000; and in German: ''Mikis Theodorakis. Ein Leben für Griechenland''. Editions Phi, Luxembourg, 1995)
* [[George Logothetis (author)|George Logothetis]]: ''Mikis Theodorakis: the Greek soul'', translated from the Greek by Phillipos Chatzopoulos, Agyra editions 2004, {{ISBN|960-422-095-0}}. The Chinese version has been published by Shanghai Baijia Publishing House in 2008, {{ISBN|978-7-80703-861-0}}.
* Asteris Kutulas: ''Mikis Theodorakis. A Life in pictures'' (in German), Coffee-table book with 1 DVD & 2 CDs. Schott Music, Mainz 2010, {{ISBN|978-3-7957-0713-2}}
*[[Arja Saijonmaa]]: ''En ung naken kvinna : mötet med Mikis'' (A young naked woman – the meeting with Mikis), {{ISBN|978-91-642-0345-8}} (bound) Stockholm : Piratförlaget, 2011 Swedish 443 pages, [16] picture pages + 1 CD with four songs by Mikis Theodorakis.

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|6319}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050302235149/http://www.mikis-theodorakis.net/ Extensive Website]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120724/http://www.spitha-kap.gr/ Ιστοσελίδα Κίνησης Ανεξάρτητων Πολιτών] – website of ''Independent Citizens Movement'' at archive.org.
* [https://archive.today/20130201223943/http://www.schott-music.com/shop/persons/featured/21786/ Official Site (Schott Music) with non-proprietary audio files, discography, recent performances and news]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040601005208/http://www.mmb.org.gr/page/default.asp?id=283&la=2%2F Lilian Voudouri Library]
* [https://www.myspace.com/alexiamikis Alexia – Mikis Theodorakis MySpace page]
* Nikos Mottas, [http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/111974 ''Mikis Theodorakis: A Legend for Greece''] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130116202255/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/111974 |date=16 January 2013 }} – ''American Chronicle'', 28 July 2009.
* {{YouTube|_vzsUAD6y0s|Mikis Theodorakis speech against International Monetary Fund and Greek government, 31 May 2011}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090921142809/http://int.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/static/15/ film scores]}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108055330/http://en.mikis-theodorakis.net/index.php/article/articleview/87/1/58/ complete discography]}}
* {{Discogs artist|Mikis Theodorakis}}
* [http://www.bruceduffie.com/theodorakis.html Interview with Mikis Theodorakis] by Bruce Duffie, 19 May 1994

{{BAFTA Award for Best Original Music}}
{{WSA – Lifetime Achievement}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Theodorakis, Mikis}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
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