Editing Middleburg, Virginia

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = Town of Middleburg
| name                     = Middleburg, Virginia
| image_skyline            = Middleburg, Virginia (6044577732).jpg
| imagesize                = 
| image_caption            = Aerial view of Middleburg
| image_seal               = 
| settlement_type          = [[Town]]
| motto                    = "Semel et Semper"
("Once and Always")

<!-- Maps -->| pushpin_map              = USA Virginia Northern#USA Virginia#USA
| pushpin_label            = Middleburg
| pushpin_label_position   = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| established_title        = Founded
| established_date         = 1787
| map_caption              = 
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = {{flagu|United States}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Virginia|size=23px}}
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Virginia|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = {{flagicon image|Flag of Loudoun County, Virginia.svg|size=23px}} [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun]]
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = Bridge Littleton
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_51.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_sq_mi         = 1.04
| area_land_sq_mi          = 1.04
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
| population_as_of         = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
| population_total         = 673
| population_density_sq_mi = 804.24
| elevation_ft             = 486
| coordinates              = {{coord|38|58|6|N|77|44|15|W|region:US-VA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone]] (ET)
| utc_offset               = &minus;5
| timezone_DST             = EDT
| utc_offset_DST           = &minus;4
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code              = 20117–20118
| area_code                = [[Area code 540|540]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 51-51448<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 1470422<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
| footnotes                = 
| website                  = [http://www.middleburgva.gov/ www.middleburgva.gov]
| pop_est_as_of            = 2019
| pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse"/>
| population_est           = 834
| area_total_km2           = 2.70
| area_land_km2            = 2.69
| area_water_km2           = 0.01
| population_density_km2   = 310.49
}}

'''Middleburg''' is a town in [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun County]], [[Virginia]], [[United States]], with a population of 673 as of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. It is the southernmost town along Loudoun County's shared border with [[Fauquier County, Virginia|Fauquier County]].

Middleburg is known as the "Nation's Horse and Hunt Capital" for its foxhunting, steeplechases, and large estates.  The [[Middleburg Historic District (Middleburg, Virginia)|Middleburg Historic District]], comprising the 19th-century center of town, is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (3/2/1934 - ) |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/41681555 |title=Virginia SP Benton |series=Records of the National Park Service}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Unidentified cabin, Middleburg vicinity, Loudoun County, Virginia. Porch.jpg|thumb|left|Cabin near Middleburg, Loudon, by Frances Benjamin Johnston, ca. 1930s. Photo shows African American man and woman, outdoors, standing at the corner of a house near the chimney]]
The town was established in 1787 by Revolutionary War officer and statesman [[Leven Powell]]. He purchased the land for Middleburg at $2.50 per acre in 1763 from Joseph Chinn, a first cousin of [[George Washington]]. It had been called "Chinn's Crossroads" and was then called Powell Town.  When Leven Powell declined to have the town named after him, the town was called Middleburgh, and later, simply Middleburg.  The village is located midway between the port of [[Alexandria, Virginia|Alexandria]]<ref>From Middleburg Virginia book by Kate Brenner & Genie Ford, viewed at  [https://books.google.com/books?id=zZ1HJiseKQAC&q=Alexandria Google Books preview page 7]</ref> and [[Winchester, Virginia|Winchester]], Virginia, on the [[Ashby Gap]] [[trading route]] (now followed by [[U.S. Route 50 in Virginia|U.S. Route 50]]).

In 1863, Middleburg witnessed [[Battle of Middleburg|two skirmishes]] during the [[Gettysburg Campaign]] of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].

From the early 1900s, Middleburg began welcoming visitors who participated in foxhunting and steeplechasing. The village soon earned a reputation as the "Nation's Horse and Hunt Capital", attracting prominent visitors from across the U.S. Middleburg is the home of the {{convert|15000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} [[National Sporting Library]] research center for horse and field sports, which publishes ''[[Thoroughbred Heritage]]'' on the Internet. A new addition is being made to include an art gallery and museum.

In 1961, activists of the [[Civil Rights Movement]] pressed [[John F. Kennedy]] on local [[Segregation in the United States|segregation]] issues during his residency outside town. That year, he and [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jackie]] had rented Glen Ora.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://househistree.com/houses/glen-ora|title=The Story of the Glen Ora Estate|website=HouseHistree.com | access-date=February 1, 2021}}</ref>

The [[Middleburg Historic District (Middleburg, Virginia)|Middleburg Historic District]], comprising the 19th-century center of town, is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. The oldest building in town, the [[Red Fox Inn & Tavern]],<ref name=nrhpinv1>{{cite web|last=Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form: Middleburg Historic District|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Loudoun/259-0162_Middleburg_Historic_District_1982_Final_Nomination.pdf|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=September 19, 2011|date=December 1981|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065445/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Counties/Loudoun/259-0162_Middleburg_Historic_District_1982_Final_Nomination.pdf|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> was originally established in 1728 by Joseph Chinn as Chinn's Ordinary and is billed as the oldest continually operated inn in the U.S.  The oldest known house still in use as a residence, "Middleburg House," was built in 1779.    Also listed on the National Register of Historic Places are [[Benton (Middleburg, Virginia)|Benton]], the [[Burrland Farm Historic District]], [[Green Pastures (Middleburg, Virginia)|Green Pastures]], [[Huntland (Middleburg, Virginia)|Huntland]], [[Mill House (Middleburg, Virginia)|Mill House]], [[Gen. William Mitchell House]], [[Much Haddam]], [[Unison Historic District]], and [[Welbourne (Middleburg, Virginia)|Welbourne]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref><ref name="nps">{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20140103.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=January 3, 2014|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 12/23/13 through 12/27/13|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=February 14, 2014|archive-date=February 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219220038/http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20140103.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 0.6&nbsp;square mile (1.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), all land. The elevation is 486 feet.<ref name="Middleburg, VA Maps, Facts & Figures">{{cite web|url=http://virginia.hometownlocator.com/va/loudoun/middleburg.cfm|title=Middleburg, VA Maps, Facts & Figures|publisher=hometownlocator.com|date=January 4, 2011|access-date=January 4, 2011}}</ref><ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

[[File:2018-10-19 13 16 39 View east along U.S. Route 50 (Washington Street) between Windy Hill Road and Chestnut Street in Middleburg, Loudoun County, Virginia.jpg|thumb|left|US 50 in Middleburg]]

==Transportation==
[[U.S. Route 50 in Virginia|U.S. Route 50]] is the only primary highway directly serving Middleburg. US 50 continues westward from Middleburg to [[Winchester, Virginia|Winchester]]. Heading east, US 50 reaches [[Fairfax, Virginia|Fairfax]], continues on through [[Washington, D.C.]], and eventually ends in [[Ocean City, Maryland|Ocean City]], [[Maryland]].

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 419
|1890= 429
|1900= 296
|1910= 263
|1920= 283
|1930= 298
|1940= 629
|1950= 663
|1960= 761
|1970= 833
|1980= 619
|1990= 549
|2000= 632
|2010= 673
|estyear=2019
|estimate=834
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 632 people, 322 households, and 171 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was 1,083.8 people per square mile (420.7/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 364 housing units at an average density of 624.2 per square mile (242.3/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the town was 76.58% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 20.25% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.16% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 1.27% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.74% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 4.27% of the population.

There were 322 households, out of which 20.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.9% had a [[female]] householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were non-families. 39.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.96 and the average family size was 2.57.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 16.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 29.4% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 72.7 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 71.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,625, and the median income for a family was $60,313. Males had a median income of $41,875 versus $32,708 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $32,643. About 6.7% of families and 9.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 10.3% of those age 65 or over.

== Public safety ==
Middleburg is served by the Middleburg Police Department, composed of eight sworn officers and a civilian employee.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Police Department {{!}} Middleburg, VA|url=https://www.middleburgva.gov/167/Police-Department|access-date=November 2, 2021|website=www.middleburgva.gov}}</ref> It is also served by the [[Loudoun County Sheriff's Office]]. The Middleburg Volunteer Fire Department was founded in 1936, the third oldest fire department in Loudoun County. After facing numerous challenges in its final years, the fire department dissolved and turned over its operations to Loudoun County Fire-Rescue in 2015. The current Middleburg station 3 is staffed 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by career personnel from the county.

==Notable people==
* [[Charles T. Akre]], investor, financier and businessman
* [[Mo Alie-Cox]] (born 1993), [[American football]] [[tight end]]
* [[Bill Backer]] (1926-2016), advertising executive and thoroughbred owner
* [[Stewart W. Bainum Sr.]] (1919-2014), American businessman and philanthropist
* [[Melanie Blunt]], former [[First Lady of Missouri]] (2005–2009)
* [[Marshall Brement]], U.S. Ambassador to [[Iceland]] (1981-1985), lived in Middleburg before moving to [[Tucson, Arizona]]
* [[Jack Kent Cooke]] (1912–1997), businessman and former owner of the [[Washington Redskins]] and the [[Los Angeles Lakers]]
* [[John L. Dagg]] (1794–1884) , Baptist clergy and author, president of [[Mercer University]] from 1844 to 1854<ref name=CI>{{cite news |last1=Jones |first1=Charles |title=John L. Dagg: Baptists' first writing theologian |url=https://christianindex.org/stories/john-l-dagg-baptist-first-writing-theologian,24363 |access-date=October 8, 2022 |work=The Christian Index |date=June 5, 2022}}</ref>
* [[Robert Duvall]] (born 1931), award-winning American actor and director
* [[Edwin Broun Fred]] (1887-1981), educator
* [[Sam Huff]] (born 1934), retired Hall-of-Fame American football player for the [[Washington Redskins]] and New York Giants
* [[Rodney Jenkins]] (1944-2024), [[show jumper]]
* [[Sheila Johnson]] (born 1949), billionaire co-founder of BET<ref>http://www.virginia.edu/uvatoday/pdf/sheila_johnson_bio.pdf{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and local [[Real Estate Development|real estate developer]]
* [[John F. Kennedy]] (1917–1963), [[List of Presidents of the United States|35th President of the United States]] (1961–1963), built [[Wexford (Marshall, Virginia)|Wexford]] just outside Middleburg with his wife, [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis|Jacqueline]] (1929–1994)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/john-jacqueline-kennedy-virginia-house-plans-auction-article|title=Inside John. F Kennedy's House in Virginia|date=January 31, 2015}}</ref>
* [[William John Logan]] (1891–1977): Banker, college football player, and the 2nd Mayor of [[Flower Hill, New York]], serving in that capacity between 1931 and 1937.<ref name="BS">{{cite news |date=December 6, 1970 |title=Barbara Shaner Fiancee of William Von Klemperer |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E06E0DC143AE333A25755C0A9649D946190D6CF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=August 4, 1974 |title=Stan Smith, the Tennis Player, Will Marry Marjory Gengler |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/08/04/archives/stan-smith-the-tennis-player-will-marry-marjory-gengler.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Village of Flower Hill » Village History |url=https://villageflowerhill.org/village-history/ |access-date=September 5, 2020 |publisher=Village of Flower Hill}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRlbAAAAYAAJ&dq=william+john+logan+middleburg&pg=RA3-PA17 |title=Princeton Alumni Weekly |date=1971 |publisher=Princeton University Press |language=en}}</ref>
* [[George C. McGhee]] (1912-2005), diplomat and businessman
* [[Paul Mellon]] (1907–1999), philanthropist and race-horse breeder and owner
* [[Alice du Pont Mills]] (1912–2002), aviator, race-horse breeder and owner, environmentalist, philanthropist, and member of the [[Du Pont family]]
* [[Lucy Minnigerode]] (1871-1935), superintendent, [[United States Public Health Service]] Nursing Corps
* [[Wendy Pepper]] (1964-2017), [[fashion designer]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.buddytv.com/info/wendy-pepper-info.aspx |title=Wendy Pepper Biography<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930160335/http://www.buddytv.com/info/wendy-pepper-info.aspx |archive-date=September 30, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Keshia Knight Pulliam]] (born 1979), actress best known for her role on ''[[The Cosby Show]]'' as [[Rudy Huxtable]]
* [[Bruce Sundlun]] (1920-2011), businessman, lawyer, and former [[Governor of Rhode Island]] (1991–1995)
* [[Elizabeth Taylor]] (1932–2011), actress and activist, owned a farm with her then husband, Republican senator and former [[United States Secretary of the Navy|U.S. Secretary of the Navy]] [[John Warner]] (1927–2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.triblive.com/lifestyles/home-garden/celebrity-homes-virginia-farm-was-once-home-to-elizabeth-taylor/|title = Welcome}}</ref>
* [[Frederick M. Warburg]] (1897–1973), investment banker, owned a horse and cattle farm
* [[Stephanie Zimbalist]] (born 1956), actress best known for her role as Laura Holt on ''[[Remington Steele]]''

==Newspapers==
* ''[http://middleburgeccentric.com/ Middleburg Eccentric]:'' Middleburg's only locally owned and operated newspaper.
* [http://www.middleburglife.com/ ''Middleburg Life'']: Monthly lifestyle publication/news service. Middleburg's oldest and most respected locally owned and operated newspaper covering the people, lifestyles, and trends of the countryside.
* ''[[Purcellville Gazette]]:'' Weekly newspaper, based in [[Purcellville, Virginia|Purcellville]], Virginia, serving Middleburg and western [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun County]].

==In popular culture==
* Middleburg was named as the location of the mysterious [[crop circles]] in the [[horror film]] [[Parody|spoof]] ''[[Scary Movie 3]]'' (2003).  The film shows an actual map of the Middleburg area, complete with actual surrounding towns and [[U.S. Route 15 (Virginia)|Route 15]] pictured on the map.
* The New Hampshire scenes in the season three "Manchester" episodes of ''[[The West Wing]]'' were filmed in Middleburg.
* The Red Fox Inn is featured in Alfred Hitchcock's ''[[Marnie (film)|Marnie]]'' (1964) and the town's name as well as surrounding towns are mentioned over the loudspeaker in the bus station. Several horse riding scenes were also shot there. <ref>https://www.movie-locations.com/movies/m/Marnie.php#:~:text=The%20horse-riding%20scenes%20use%20the%20US%E2%80%99%20%E2%80%98Horse%20and,Virginia%2C%20about%2035%20miles%20west%20of%20Washington%20DC.</ref>

==References==
<references />
* Moon, Vicky. ''The Middleburg Mystique: A Peek Inside the Gates of Middleburg, Virginia'' (2001) [[Capital Books]] {{ISBN|978-1-931868-02-0}} [http://www.middleburgmystique.com/ www.middleburgmystique.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071223112557/http://www.middleburgonline.com/stabletour/tour.html Hunt Country Stable Tour]
* [http://www.loudounhistory.org/history/civil-rights-middleburg-va.html Civil Rights Movement in Middleburg Virginia]

==External links==
{{commons category|Middleburg, Virginia}} 
{{wikivoyage|Middleburg}}
* {{Official website|www.middleburgva.gov}}
* [http://visitmiddleburgva.com Visit Middleburg]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110407123631/http://www.hallowedground.org/component/option,com_jthg/theme,region/task,view/county,Loudoun/Itemid,1/id,92/ "Middleburg Historic District"], at The Journey Through Hallowed Ground Partnership, a [[non-profit organization]] dedicated to raising national awareness of the history in the region from [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]], [[Pennsylvania]] to [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville]], Virginia

{{Loudoun County, Virginia}}
{{Virginia towns}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1787 establishments in Virginia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1787]]
[[Category:Towns in Loudoun County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Towns in Virginia]]