Editing Michael V Kalaphates

{{short description|Byzantine emperor from 1041 to 1042}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name         = Michael V Kalaphates
| image        = Michael V in Madrid Skylitzes.jpg
| caption      = Michael V, 11th century depiction from the [[Madrid Skylitzes]]
| alt          = See caption
| succession   = [[Byzantine emperor]]
| reign        = 13 December 1041 – 21 April 1042
| predecessor  = [[Michael IV the Paphlagonian|Michael&nbsp;IV]]
| successor    = [[Zoe Porphyrogenita|Zoe]] and [[Theodora Porphyrogenita|Theodora]]
| house        = [[Macedonian dynasty|Macedonian]] (by adoption)
| house-type   = Dynasty
| father       = {{plainlist|
*Stephen, a [[caulking|caulker]]
*[[Michael IV the Paphlagonian]] (adoptive)
}}
| mother       = {{plainlist|
*Maria, a [[Paphlagonia|Paphlagonian]]
*[[Zoë Porphyrogenita]] (adoptive)
}}
| birth_date   = roughly 1015
| birth_place  = 
| death_date   = 
| death_place  = [[Monastery of Stoudios]], [[Constantinople]]<br />(now [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]])
| place of burial = |
| title        = [[List of Byzantine emperors|Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans]]
}}
'''Michael V Kalaphates''' ({{langx|grc|Μιχαήλ Καλαφάτης}}, ''Michaḗl Kalaphátēs'') was [[Byzantine emperor]] for four months in 1041–1042. He was the nephew and successor of [[Michael IV the Paphlagonian|Michael IV]] and the adoptive son of Michael IV's wife [[Zoe Porphyrogenita|Empress Zoe]]. He was popularly called "'''the Caulker'''" (''Kalaphates'') in accordance with his father's original occupation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cavallo |first=Guglielmo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FJDRx6FAi0EC |title=The Byzantines |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-226-09792-3 |page=161 |language=en}}</ref>

==Family==
Michael V was the son of a couple named Stephen and Maria. His birth date is not known, but is sometimes given as {{Circa}} 1015,{{sfn|Treadgold|1997|p=491}} probably because he was considered "young" in 1035.{{sfn|PBW|2016}} Michael's mother was a sister of the Byzantine emperor [[Michael IV the Paphlagonian|Michael IV]], and Stephen had been a [[caulking|caulker]] before becoming an [[admiral]] under Michael IV and then botching an expedition to [[Sicily]]. Although the emperor preferred another of his nephews, the future Michael V was advanced as [[heir to the throne]] by his other uncle [[John the Orphanotrophos]] and the Empress Zoe.{{sfn|Gregory|2010|p=276}} In 1035, Michael&nbsp;IV granted him the title of ''kaisar'' ([[Caesar (title)|caesar]]), and, together with Zoe, adopted his nephew as a son.{{sfn|Hussey|1966|p=198}}{{sfn|Kazhdan|1991|p=1366}} Michael IV died on 10 December 1041 and Michael V was proclaimed emperor three days later by Zoe.{{sfn|Skylitzes|2010|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C&pg=PA390 390–391]}}

==Reign==

Determined to rule on his own, Michael V came into conflict with his uncle John the Orphanotrophos, whom he almost immediately [[banish]]ed to a [[monastery]].{{sfn|Tougher|2008|p=56}} Michael now reversed his uncle's decisions, recalling the nobles and courtiers who had been exiled during the previous reign, including the future patriarch [[Michael Keroularios]] and the general [[George Maniakes]]. Maniakes was promptly sent back to [[Southern Italy]] in order to contain the advance of the [[Italo-Normans|Normans]].
[[File:Michael V (Fol. 219v bottom).jpg|thumb|Michael V banishes [[Zoe Porphyrogenita|Zoe]] to a monastery.]]
On the night of 18 April to 19 April 1042, Michael V banished his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe, for plotting to poison him, to the island of [[Büyükada|Principo]],{{sfn|Hussey|1966|p=198}} thus becoming sole emperor. His announcement of the event in the morning led to a popular revolt; the palace was surrounded by a mob demanding Zoe's immediate restoration.{{sfn|Krallis|2006|p=7}}  The demand was met, and Zoe was brought back, though still in a nun's habit.{{sfn|Hussey|1966|p=198}} Presenting Zoe to the crowds in the [[Hippodrome]] did not quell the public's outrage over Michael's actions. The masses attacked the palace from multiple directions. The emperor's soldiers attempted to fight them off and by April 21, an estimated three thousand people from both sides had died. Once inside the palace, the mob pillaged valuables and tore up the tax rolls.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaldellis |first1=Anthony |title=Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. to the First Crusade |date=June 7, 2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0190253226 |page=177|edition=Kindle}}</ref> Also on 21 April 1042 Zoe's sister [[Theodora (11th century)|Theodora]], who had been removed from her nunnery against her will earlier in the uprising, was declared Empress.{{sfn|Hussey|1966|p=199}}{{sfn|Kazhdan|1991|p=1366}} In response, Michael fled to seek safety in the monastery of the [[Stoudion]] together with his remaining uncle, Constantine.{{sfn|Hussey|1966|p=199}} Although he had taken [[monastic vows]], Michael was arrested, blinded{{sfn|Hussey|1966 |p=198}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kaldellis |first1=Anthony |title=Streams of Gold, Rivers of Blood: The Rise and Fall of Byzantium, 955 A.D. to the First Crusade |date=June 7, 2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, England |isbn=978-0190253226 |page=177 |edition=Kindle}}</ref> and sent to a monastery by then-Chief of the [[Varangian Guard]], [[Harald Hardrada]].<ref>{{cite book|first=J. J. |last=Norwich|year=1991|title=Byzantium: The Apogee|location=London|publisher=BCA|isbn=9780670802524|author-link=John Julius Norwich}}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Byzantine Empire}}
*[[List of Byzantine emperors]]

==References==
{{reflist|20em}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite book|last=Skylitzes|first=John|author-link=John Skylitzes|year=2010|orig-year={{circa}} 1100 |title=Synopsis of Histories|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=9781139489157 |translator-last=Wortley |translator-first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Thurn|editor-first=Hans|title=Ioannis Scylitzae Synopsis historiarum|year=1973|location=Berlin-New York|publisher=De Gruyter|isbn=9783110022858|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=79jH-QXdf0EC}}
* {{cite book |title=A History of Byzantium |first=Timothy E. |last=Gregory |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |year=2010  }}
* {{cite book |title=The Cambridge Medieval History:The Byzantine Empire Part 1 |series=Vol. IV |editor-first=J.M. |editor-last=Hussey |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1966 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society |first=Shaun |last=Tougher |publisher=Routledge |year=2008 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Treadgold |first=Warren |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYbnr5XVbzUC&pg=PA491 |title=A History of the Byzantine State and Society |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-8047-2630-6 |location=Stanford |author-link=Warren Treadgold}}
* {{Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium}}
* {{cite journal |title=Democratic ''Praxis'' and Republican Ideology in the Eleventh Century |first=Dimitrios |last=Krallis |journal=Byzantine Studies Conference |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks |year=2006 }}
* {{cite book |date=2016 |editor-last=Jeffreys |editor-first=C. |title=Michael 5 |url=https://pbw2016.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/person/Michael/5/ |access-date=13 September 2022 |website=[[Prosopography of the Byzantine World]] |publisher=[[King's College London]] |isbn=978-1-908951-20-5 |ref={{harvid|PBW|2016}}}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Michael (emperors)|volume=18|pages=359–360}}

==Further reading==
* Michael Psellus, ''Fourteen Byzantine Rulers'', trans. E.R.A. Sewter (Penguin, 1966). {{ISBN|0-14-044169-7}}
* Michael Angold, ''The Byzantine empire 1025–1204'' (Longman, 2nd edition, 1997). {{ISBN|0-582-29468-1}}
* Jonathan Harris, ''Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium'' (Hambledon/Continuum, 2007). {{ISBN|978-1-84725-179-4}}
*''The [[Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium]]'' (Oxford University Press, 1991) {{ISBN|0-19-504652-8}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[Macedonian dynasty|Macedonian Dynasty]]||1015|24 August|1042}}[aged 27]
{{S-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Michael IV the Paphlagonian|Michael IV]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Byzantine emperors|Byzantine emperor]]|years=1041–1042}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Zoe (empress)|Zoe]] and [[Theodora (11th century)|Theodora]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Roman emperors}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Michael 05}}
[[Category:Macedonian dynasty]]
[[Category:11th-century Byzantine emperors]]
[[Category:1010s births]]
[[Category:1042 deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century Byzantine monks]]
[[Category:Studite monks]]
[[Category:Dethroned monarchs]]
[[Category:Adult adoptees]]