Editing Micanopy, Florida

{{Short description| Town in the state of Florida, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
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<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
| name                     = Micanopy, Florida
| other_name               = 
| native_name              = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
| nickname                 = 
| settlement_type          = [[Town (Florida)|Town]]
| motto                    = "The Town that Time Forgot"
| image_skyline            = Micanopy Town Hall01.jpg
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| image_caption            = Micanopy Town Hall and Library
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| image_map                = Alachua_County_Florida_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Micanopy_Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                  = 250x200px
| map_caption              = Location in [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]] and the state of [[Florida]]
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| subdivision_name4        = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = [[Mayor-council government|Mayor-Commission]]
| leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name              = Jiana Williams
| leader_title1            = [[Mayor Pro Tem]]
| leader_name1             = Judy Galloway
| leader_title2            = [[City Council|Commissioners]]
| leader_name2             = David Massey,<br>Kevin Putansu, and<br>Ken Wessberg
| leader_title3            = [[City Manager|Town Administrator]] and [[City Clerk|Town Clerk]]
| leader_name3             = Sara Samario
| leader_title4            = [[City Attorney|Town Attorney]]
| leader_name4             = S. Scott Walker
| established_title        = [[Settler colonialism|Settled (Wantons)]]
| established_date         = 1821<ref name=":0"/><ref name=MicSet>{{Cite web|title=MUNICIPAL DIRECTORY: Town of Micanopy|url=https://floridaleagueofcities.com/research-resources/municipal-directory|website=floridaleagueofcities.com}}</ref>
| established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated<br>(Town of Micanopy)]]
| established_date2        = 1837<ref name=MicSet/><ref name=MicInc>{{Cite web|title=FLORIDA CITIES BY INCORPORATION YEAR WITH INCORPORATION & DISSOLUTION INFO|url=https://www.flcities.com/docs/default-source/research-institute-reports/2020citiesbyincorporationwithinfo.pdf?sfvrsn=5009d6d5_0|website=www.flcities.com}}</ref>
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| established_date3        = <!-- Area    --------------------->
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| area_blank1_sq_mi        = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = 
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| population_total         = 648
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| timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset               = -5
| timezone_DST             = EDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -4
| coordinates              = {{coord|29|30|23|N|82|16|55|W|region:US-FL|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m              = 38
| elevation_ft             = 125
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 32667
| area_code                = [[Area code 352|352]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 12-45225<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=American FactFinder}}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 0286767<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
| website                  = {{URL|www.micanopytown.com}}
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}}

'''Micanopy''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Micanopy.ogg|ˌ|m|ɪ|k|ə|ˈ|n|oʊ|p|i}} {{respell|MIK|ə|NOH|pee}}) is a town in [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]], [[Florida]], United States, located south of [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]]. It is part of the [[Gainesville metropolitan area, Florida|Gainesville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. The population as of the [[2010 United States Census|2020 census]] was 648, up from 600 at the 2010 census.

It is the oldest community in the interior of Florida that has been continually inhabited. Its downtown area is designated as the [[Micanopy Historic District]], and is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. This municipality contains a number of antique stores, as well as several restaurants, a library, firehouse, and post office. Its unofficial slogan is "The Town that Time Forgot."

==History==
A historical marker in the area notes that [[Spanish people|Spanish]] explorer [[Hernando de Soto]] recorded finding a village of the [[Timucua]] portion of the [[Potano]] tribe located near by in 1539.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florida Historical Markers Programs - Marker: Alachua - Preservation - Florida Division of Historical Resources |url=https://apps.flheritage.com/markers/markers.cfm?county=alachua |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231201034811/https://apps.flheritage.com/markers/markers.cfm?county=alachua |archive-date=December 1, 2023 |access-date=December 1, 2023 |website=Florida Historical Markers Programs}}</ref> In 1774, the American naturalist [[William Bartram]] recorded his impressions of a proto-[[Seminole]] village named "''Cuscowilla''".<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=September 28, 1983 |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory -- Nomination Form |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/421fddbb-ced3-4c90-89f7-b8e9fc674006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210608175441/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/421fddbb-ced3-4c90-89f7-b8e9fc674006/ |archive-date=June 8, 2021 |access-date=December 1, 2023 |website=National Park Service |at= |format=PDF}}</ref>

By the time [[Spain]] ceded its Florida provinces to the U.S. in 1821, the newly constructed hamlet of Micanopy became the first distinct United States town in the [[Florida Territory]]. One of the early settlers of the area was [[Moses Elias Levy]], a wealthy [[Jews|Jewish]] businessman and philanthropist who was involved in [[West Indies]] shipping and other interests. He immigrated to the United States in 1820 and founded "''Pilgrimage''", the first Jewish communal settlement in the United States located two miles from town.<ref name=":0">[https://books.google.com/books?id=zYPnXzambCIC&q=Moses+Levy+of+Florida:+Jewish+Utopian+and+Antebellum+Reformer C. S. Monaco, ''Moses Levy of Florida: Jewish Utopian and Antebellum Reformer''], Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005), 9</ref>

The village of Micanopy was built under the auspices of the Florida Association of [[New York (state)|New York]] (the earliest Florida development corporation, headquartered in [[Manhattan]]).<ref name=":0" /> [[Micanopy|Chief Micanopy]] lived about {{convert|60|mi}} south in present-day [[Sumter County, Florida|Sumter County]]. In 1821, when the territorial village was developed, a faction of [[Miccosukee]] Indians lived in the immediate area. The historian C. S. Monaco has suggested that the town was named after Micanopy "to appease the chief and acknowledge his original authority over the land."<ref name=":0" /> In the early days, the frontier village was sometimes referred to as "''Wantons''", after one of the original settlers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Micanopy Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=54271 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20231201042840/https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=54271 |archive-date=December 1, 2023 |access-date=December 1, 2023 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref>

[[File:Micanopy street and trees.jpg|thumb|left|One of the several unpaved streets in Micanopy]] 
Both Fort Defiance (1835–1836) and Fort Micanopy (1837–1843) were located here during the [[Second Seminole War]].<ref name=":1" /> Some of the bloodiest battles of that war took place along the road southwest from Fort Micanopy to Fort Wacahoota, just inside modern [[Alachua County, Florida|Alachua County]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Monaco |first=C. S. |date=2012 |title=Alachua Settlers and the Second Seminole War |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23264821 |journal=The Florida Historical Quarterly |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=1–32 |jstor=23264821 |issn=0015-4113}}</ref> A recent archaeological study has verified both forts as well as the location of two battlefields within the town limits: the Battle of Micanopy and the Battle of Welika Pond (1836).

The '''Town of Micanopy''' was officially incorporated as a municipality in 1837.<ref name=MicSet/><ref name=MicInc/>

[[File:Micanopy - first Black home.jpg|thumb|right|The oldest home in Micanopy that was built by Black people for Black people; now sits abandoned]]
Prior to the 1880s, produce from Micanopy, including [[citrus]], was carried to the southern shore of [[Paynes Prairie|Lake Alachua]] and taken by boat to the northern shore, which was served by branch lines from the [[Florida Railroad|Transit Railroad]]. In 1883, the [[Florida Southern Railway]] built a branch line to Micanopy from its line running from [[Rochelle, Florida|Rochelle]] (southeast of Gainesville) to [[Ocala, Florida|Ocala]]. In 1895, a rail line was laid from Micanopy by the Gainesville and Gulf Railroad, and by 1889, reached to [[Irvine, Florida|Irvine]] and [[Fairfield, Florida|Fairfield]] in [[Marion County, Florida|Marion County]], and [[Sampson City, Florida|Sampson City]] in [[Bradford County, Florida|Bradford County]], where it connected to the [[Atlantic, Suwannee River and Gulf Railway]] and the [[Georgia Southern and Florida Railroad]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Watkins|first=Caroline|date=April 1975|title=Some Early Railroads in Alachua County|journal=The Florida Historical Quarterly|volume=53|issue=4|pages=452–453, 456|jstor=30150300}}</ref> The railroads spurred farming in the surrounding area. It had a population of over 600 in 1880. In the 1920s, cars crossed [[Paynes Prairie]] on the Micanopy Causeway.<ref name="historicalachua">{{Cite book|title=Historic Alachua County and old Gainesville : a tour guide to the past|last=Pickard|first=John B.|date=2001|publisher=Alachua Press|isbn=978-0967278865|location=Gainesville, FL|oclc=50765140}}</ref>

==Geography==
The approximate coordinates for the Town of Micanopy is located at {{Coord|29|30|28.95|N|82|16|50.48|W|}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|1.1|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|1.0|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (4.63%) is water.

==Climate==
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters. According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], the Town of Micanopy has a [[humid subtropical climate]] zone (''Cfa'').

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 432
|1890= 494
|1900= 645
|1910= 613
|1920= 546
|1930= 725
|1940= 720
|1950= 612
|1960= 658
|1970= 759
|1980= 737
|1990= 612
|2000= 653
|2010= 600
|2020= 648
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010 and 2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Micanopy racial composition'''<br> (Hispanics excluded from racial categories)<br> (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')<br>
!Race
!Pop 2010<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Micanopy town, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Micanopy+town;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Micanopy town, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Micanopy+town;+Florida+&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|435
|474
|72.50%
|73.15%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|133
|100
|22.17%
|15.43%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|4
|1
|0.67%
|0.15%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|1
|3
|0.17%
|0.46%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] or [[Native Hawaiian]] (NH)
|0
|0
|0.00%
|0.00%
|-
|[[Other races (U.S. Census)|Some other race]] (NH)
|0
|4
|0.00%
|0.62%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or more races/Multiracial]] (NH)
|10
|36
|1.67%
|5.56%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|17
|30
|2.83%
|4.63%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''600'''
|'''648'''
|
|
|-
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 648 people, 201 households, and 111 families residing in the town.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2020: Micanopy town, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Micanopy+town;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2020.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

As of the [[2010 United States census]], there were 600 people, 358 households, and 205 families residing in the town.<ref>{{Cite web|title=S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2010: Micanopy town, Florida|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Micanopy+town;+Florida+&tid=ACSST5Y2010.S1101|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

===2000 census===
As of the census of 2000, there were 653 people, 302 households, and 172 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|631.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 346 housing units at an average density of {{convert|334.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 68.30% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 28.94% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.61% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.31% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.31% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.53% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.99% of the population.

In 2000, there were 302 households, out of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.74.

In 2000, in the town, the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 31.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the town was $27,778, and the median income for a family was $38,611. Males had a median income of $30,938 versus $20,294 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $20,433. About 3.0% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 21.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
[[File:Micanopy Hist Dist03.jpg|thumb|left|[[Micanopy Historic District]]]]
Micanopy hosts an annual autumn art festival, in which both local and non-local artists participate.

[[Micanopy Historical Society Museum]], housed downtown in the Thrasher Warehouse, features displays of local and town history that range from the early Native Americans, to naturalist William Bartram’s travels in the region, to the Seminole Wars and the Civil War. Built in 1896, the warehouse was served by a branch of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad until the 1950s and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

The [[Alachua County Library District]] operates a branch library in the town.<ref>[http://www.aclib.us/micanopy Alachua County Library District: Micanopy]</ref>

The downtown [[Micanopy Historic District]] was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.<ref name=":1" />

[[Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park]] is a major source of outdoor recreation for the town and the county as a whole.

==Education==
Micanopy is served by the [[School Board of Alachua County]]. The School Board [[charter school|charters]] two schools,<ref>[http://www.sbac.edu/schoolscenters.htm Alachua County Public Schools: Schools and Centers] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111217024532/http://www.sbac.edu/schoolscenters.htm |date=December 17, 2011 }}</ref> the Micanopy Area Cooperative School (elementary),<ref>"[http://www.macschool.us/contact.html Contact MACS]." Micanopy Area Cooperative School. Retrieved on September 24, 2018. "Address 802 NW Seminary St., Micanopy, FL 32667"</ref> and Micanopy Academy (secondary).<ref>[https://www.micanopyacademy.com/ Home]. Micanopy Academy. Retrieved on September 24, 2018. "708 NW Okehumkee St. Micanopy, FL 32667"</ref>

==Media==
[[File:Micanopy Hist Dist Herlong02.jpg|thumb|right|Herlong House, a Bed & Breakfast]]
Micanopy is mentioned in the [[Tom Petty]] song "A Mind with a Heart of Its Own" from the album ''[[Full Moon Fever]]''. Petty humorously sings that he's "been to [[Brooker, Florida|Brooker]], been to Micanopy, been to [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]] too, I've been all around the world!"

Micanopy is noted in the chorus of the [[John Anderson (musician)|John Anderson]]<ref>[http://www.johnanderson.com/ Johnanderson.com]</ref> song "[[Seminole Wind (song)|Seminole Wind]]" from the album ''[[Seminole Wind]]''. The song is covered by [[James Taylor]] on the album ''James Taylor Covers''.

The film ''[[Doc Hollywood]],'' based on the book ''What? Dead…Again?'' by [[Neil B. Shulman]] and starring [[Michael J. Fox]], was filmed in Micanopy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ocala.com/article/20090106/News/604240620|title=Residents recall the fun of filming 'Doc Hollywood'|website=Ocala.com|access-date=January 29, 2019}}</ref>

On September 27, 1975, the variety show ''[[Hee Haw]]'' saluted Micanopy.

==Notable people==
* [[Archie Carr]], zoologist and author, and his wife [[Marjorie Harris Carr]], also a conservationist. They lived at Wewa Pond just outside Micanopy<ref>Archie Carr, "Wewa Pond," in ''A Naturalist in Florida: A Celebration of Eden'', ed. Marjorie Harris Carr (New Haven/London: [[Yale University Press]], 1994), 1–13.</ref>
* [[Stephen F. Eisenman]], art historian, critic, columnist ([[CounterPunch|Counterpunch]]) and environmentalist <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eisenman |first=Stephen F. |date=August 19, 2022 |title=Conversations with White People |url=https://www.counterpunch.org/2022/08/19/conversations-with-white-people/ |access-date=August 20, 2022 |website=CounterPunch.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[John Horse]], Black Seminole leader, lived here before the Seminole Wars and removal to Indian Territory
* [[Moses Elias Levy]], wealthy businessman and philanthropist, founded Pilgrimage and Micanopy<ref>C. S. Monaco, ''Moses Levy of Florida: Jewish Utopian and Antebellum Reformer,'' Baton Rouge: [[Louisiana State University Press]], 2005</ref>
* [[River Phoenix]], actor, cremated ashes scattered here at family ranch

==See also==
* [[Church of the Mediator (Micanopy, Florida)|Church of the Mediator]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.micanopytown.com}}
* [http://preservation.myfloridahistory.org/micanopy-fl/ Article on Micanopy from the Florida Historical Society]

{{Alachua County, Florida}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1821 establishments in Florida Territory]]
[[Category:Gainesville metropolitan area, Florida]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1821]]
[[Category:Seminole]]
[[Category:Towns in Alachua County, Florida]]
[[Category:Towns in Florida]]