Editing Melun

{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name                   = Melun
|commune status         = [[Prefectures of France|Prefecture]] and [[Communes of France|commune]]
|map size               = 270px
|adjustable map         = Melun_map.png
|map caption            = Location (in red) within Paris inner and outer suburbs
|image                  = Melun - Hôtel de ville - 20051111.jpg
|caption                = Town hall
|coordinates            = {{coord|48.5406|2.66|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|arrondissement         = Melun
|canton                 = Melun
|INSEE                  = 77288
|image coat of arms     = Blason ville fr Melun (SeineMarne).png
|postal code            = 77000
|party                  = [[Horizons (political party)|Horizons]]
|mayor                  = Kadir Mebarek<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=30 November 2023|language=fr}}</ref>
|term                   = 2023&ndash;2026
|intercommunality       = [[Communauté d'agglomération Melun Val de Seine|CA Melun Val de Seine]]
|elevation m            = 54
|elevation min m        = 37
|elevation max m        = 102
|area km2               = 8.04
|population             = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}

'''Melun''' ({{IPA|fr|məlœ̃|-|Fr-Paris--Melun.ogg}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Seine-et-Marne]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Île-de-France]] [[Regions of France|region]], north-central France. It is located on the southeastern outskirts of Paris, about {{convert|41|km|mi|frac=2|abbr=off}} from the [[kilometre zero|centre of the capital]]. Melun is the prefecture of Seine-et-Marne, and the seat of one of its ''[[arrondissement]]s''. Its inhabitants are called ''Melunais''.

==History==
'''Meledunum''' began as a [[Gauls|Gaulish]] town; [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] noted Melun as "a town of the [[Senones]], situated on an island in the Seine"; at the island there was a wooden bridge, which his men repaired.<ref>''[[Gallic War]]'' vii. 58, 60.</ref> Roman Meledunum was a ''mutatio'' where fresh horses were kept available for official couriers on the [[Roman road]] south-southeast of Paris, where it forded the Seine.<ref>Meledunum appears in the [[Antonine Itinerary]] almost halfway between [[Lutetia]] (Paris) and [[Rennes|Condate (Rennes)]] ([http://www.sc.edu/ltantsoc/mele0296.htm 'Meledunum"]).</ref> Around 500 A.D, [[Clovis I]] granted Melun to a Gallo-Roman magnate, [[Aurelianus (Gallo-Roman)|Aurelianus]], who had fought for Clovis several times and apparently influenced his conversion to Christianity.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bachrach |first1=Bernard S. |title=Merovingian Military Organization, 481-751 |date=1972 |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816657001 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbz9IyOvfPoC&q=Merovingian+Military+Organization,+481-751 |language=en}}</ref>

The [[Normans]] sacked it in 845. The castle of Melun became a royal residence of the Capetian kings. [[Hugh Capet]] (See also: [[House of Capet]]) gave Melun to Bouchard, his favorite. In the reign of Hugh's son, [[Robert II of France]], [[Odo, Count of Champagne|Eudes]], the [[count of Champagne]], bought the city, but the king took it back for Bouchard in 999. The chatelain Gautier and his wife, who had sold the city, were hanged; Eudes escaped. Robert died there in July 1031.

[[Robert of Melun]] (c. 1100 – 27 February 1167) was an English scholastic Christian theologian who taught in France, and later became [[Bishop of Hereford]] in England. He studied under [[Peter Abelard]] in Paris before teaching there and at Melun, which gave him his surname.

In July 1415, Melun was besieged by King [[Henry V of England]], who had recently signed the [[Treaty of Troyes]] with King [[Charles VI of France]]. The town was in the hands of the Dauphin, later [[Charles VII of France]], who had been dispossessed by the treaty. The defenders were led by [[Arnaud Guillaume de Barbazan|Arnaud Guillaume, seigneur de Barbazan]], and fought off the besiegers for fourteen weeks before capitulating.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Field of Mars: Being an Alphabetical Digestion of the Principal Naval and Military Engagements, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xbsNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP226|year=1801|publisher=J. Macgowan|pages=226}}</ref> The town was liberated by [[Joan of Arc]] on 17 April 1430.

===Counts of Melun===
*[[Aurelianus (Gallo-Roman)|Aurelianus]] (c. 500)
*Donatus (?-834)
*Bouchard I (956/967–1005), also [[Count of Vendôme]] and [[Count of Paris]]

===Viscounts of Melun===
The early viscounts of Melun were listed by 17th and 18th century genealogists, notably [[Père Anselme]]. Based on closer reading of the original documents, Adolphe Duchalais constructed this list of viscounts in 1844:<ref>Adolphe Duchalais, "Charte inedité de l’an 1138, relative à l’histoire des viscomtes de Melun" (Bibliothèque de l’école des chartes vol. 6 no. 6, 1845).</ref>

*Salo (c. 993; possibly legendary)
*Joscelin I (c. 998)
*William (possibly c. 1000)
*Ursio (c. 1067–1085)
*[[William the Carpenter]] (c. 1094)
*Hilduin, Garin, Ursio II, Jean (unknown dates, possibly not viscounts)
*Adam (c. 1138–1141; married Mahaut, daughter of his predecessor)
*Joscelin II (c. 1156)

The title eventually became an honorary peerage. Such viscounts include [[Honoré Armand de Villars]] and [[Claude Louis Hector de Villars]].
[[File:France-melun1095.JPG|center|thumb| Watercolor postcard showing Melun in the 1920s and circa 1095.]]

==Population==

{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|21914|Melun}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-77288#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |5500
|1800 |6111
|1806 |6818
|1821 |6992
|1831 |6622
|1836 |6846
|1841 |8950
|1846 |9151
|1851 |10395
|1856 |10312
|1861 |11170
|1866 |11408
|1872 |11130
|1876 |11241
|1881 |12145
|1886 |12564
|1891 |12792
|1896 |13641
|1901 |13059
|1906 |13908
|1911 |14861
|1921 |14657
|1926 |15928
|1931 |16356
|1936 |17499
|1946 |17573
|1954 |20219
|1962 |26873
|1968 |34518
|1975 |37712
|1982 |35005
|1990 |35319
|1999 |35695
|2007 |37835
|2012 |40503
|2017 |40032
}}

==Climate==
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y 
|collapsed = Y
|location =  Melun (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1947–present)
|Jan record high C = 16.9
|Feb record high C = 21.2
|Mar record high C = 25.6
|Apr record high C = 29.5
|May record high C = 31.6
|Jun record high C = 36.8
|Jul record high C = 41.9
|Aug record high C = 38.9
|Sep record high C = 34.4
|Oct record high C = 29.4
|Nov record high C = 22.1
|Dec record high C = 17.6
|Jan record low C = -19.8
|Feb record low C = -19.7
|Mar record low C = -10.3
|Apr record low C = -4.6
|May record low C = -2.1
|Jun record low C = 1.6
|Jul record low C = 4.0
|Aug record low C = 3.5
|Sep record low C = 0.4
|Oct record low C = -4.8
|Nov record low C = -9.3
|Dec record low C = -14.8
|Jan high C = 6.9
|Feb high C = 8.3
|Mar high C = 12.5
|Apr high C = 16.2
|May high C = 19.7
|Jun high C = 23.0
|Jul high C = 25.6
|Aug high C = 25.5
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 16.3
|Nov high C = 10.6
|Dec high C = 7.3
| year high C = 16.1
|Jan mean C = 4.2
|Feb mean C = 4.9
|Mar mean C = 7.9
|Apr mean C = 10.8
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 17.5
|Jul mean C = 19.8
|Aug mean C = 19.6
|Sep mean C = 16.0
|Oct mean C = 12.2
|Nov mean C = 7.6
|Dec mean C = 4.7
| year mean C = 11.6
|Jan low C = 1.6
|Feb low C = 1.4
|Mar low C = 3.4
|Apr low C = 5.4
|May low C = 9.0
|Jun low C = 12.1
|Jul low C = 13.9
|Aug low C = 13.7
|Sep low C = 10.7
|Oct low C = 8.1
|Nov low C = 4.5
|Dec low C = 2.2
| year low C = 7.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 50.9 
|Feb precipitation mm = 46.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 46.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 48.8
|May precipitation mm = 61.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 58.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 59.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 54.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 54.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 58.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 56.3
|Dec precipitation mm = 63.2
|year precipitation mm = 657.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 10.7
| Feb precipitation days = 9.8
| Mar precipitation days = 9.1
| Apr precipitation days = 9.0
| May precipitation days = 9.8
| Jun precipitation days = 8.9
| Jul precipitation days = 7.7
| Aug precipitation days = 7.9
| Sep precipitation days = 7.9
| Oct precipitation days = 9.5
| Nov precipitation days = 10.6
| Dec precipitation days = 11.7
| year precipitation days =112.6
|Jan humidity = 88
|Feb humidity = 83
|Mar humidity = 79
|Apr humidity = 73
|May humidity = 75
|Jun humidity = 74
|Jul humidity = 73
|Aug humidity = 74
|Sep humidity = 78
|Oct humidity = 85
|Nov humidity = 88
|Dec humidity = 89
|year humidity = 79.9
|Jan sun = 59.5
|Feb sun = 82.9
|Mar sun = 142.9
|Apr sun = 188.2
|May sun = 216.3
|Jun sun = 226.1
|Jul sun = 234.7
|Aug sun = 225.3
|Sep sun = 180.4
|Oct sun = 118.5
|Nov sun = 68.4
|Dec sun = 54.4
|year sun = 1797.5
|source 1 = Meteociel<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=77306001
|title=Normales et records pour Melun (77)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=21 November 2024}}</ref>
|source 2 = Infoclimat.fr (humidity, 1961–1990)<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07153-melun-villaroche.html
| title = Normes et records 1961-1990: Melun - Villaroche (77) - altitude 91m
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| access-date = 5 January 2016}}</ref>
}}

==Transport==
[[File:MelunSHIELD.jpg|right|thumb|Melun Shield dating from the 15th century – "Melun (Seine-et-Marne): Azure on a semy-de-lys or a castle with three towers argent. Melun was one of the original strongholds of the royal domain. Motto: fida muris usque ad mures, recalling the siege of 1420 when inhabitants had to eat rats." http://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/frcitdep.htm]]
Melun is served by the [[Gare de Melun]], which is an interchange station on Paris [[RER D|RER line D]], on the [[Transilien Paris – Lyon|Transilien R]] suburban rail line, and on several national rail lines.

==Main sights==
The [[Collegiate Church of Notre-Dame, Melun]] was the original home of the [[Melun Diptych]].

The nearby [[château]] of [[Vaux-le-Vicomte]] is considered a smaller predecessor of [[Palace of Versailles]].

The officers' school of the [[French Gendarmerie]] is located in Melun.

== Notable people ==
Melun is the birthplace of:
* [[Morgan Ciprès]] (born 1991), pair skater 
* [[Jérémie Bela]] (born 1993), footballer
* [[Willy Boly]] (born 1991), footballer
* [[Pierre Certon]] (c.1510-1520-1572), composer of the [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] (probably born in Melun)
* [[Jacques Amyot]] (1513–1593), writer
* [[Chimène Badi]] (1982–), singer
* [[Samir Beloufa]] (1979–), professional footballer
* [[Raphaël Desroses]] (born 1980), basketball player
* [[Khamis Digol]] (born 1998), footballer
* [[Stéphane Dondon]] (born 1977), basketball player
* [[Grégory Guilvert]] (born 1982), racing driver
* [[Judah of Melun]] (13th century), French [[rabbi]] and ''[[Tosfot|tosafist]]''
* [[Yvan Kibundu]] (born 1989), footballer
* [[Godson Kyeremeh]] (born 2000), footballer
* [[Edmé-François Mallet]] (1713–1755), theologian and [[Encyclopédistes|encyclopédiste]]
* [[Steven Mouyokolo]] (born 1987), footballer
* [[Granddi Ngoyi]] (born 1988), footballer
* [[Yrétha Silété]] (born 1994), figure skater
* [[Oumar Solet]] (born 2000), footballer
* [[Bertrand Grospellier]] (born 1981), poker player
* [[William the Carpenter]], viscount of Melun in the 11th century
* [[Jean-Baptiste Djebbari]] (born 1982), politician and former [[Minister of Transport (France)|Minister of Transport]]
* [[Werenoi]] (1994–2025), rapper of Cameroonian descent

==Education==
[[File:Lycée Jacques Amyot.jpg|thumb|[[Lycée Jacques-Amyot]]]]
A campus of the [[École nationale de l'aviation civile]] (French civil aviation university) is located in Melun.

Public high schools/sixth form colleges:<ref name=Ecoles>"[http://www.ville-melun.fr/partager-eduquer/scolarite/111-liste-des-etablissements-scolaires Liste des établissements scolaires ] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160921093716/http://www.ville-melun.fr/partager-eduquer/scolarite/111-liste-des-etablissements-scolaires |date=21 September 2016 }}." Melun. Consulté le 29 août 2016.</ref>
* [[Lycée Léonard de Vinci (Melun)|Lycée Léonard-de-Vinci]]
* [[Lycée Jacques-Amyot]]
* [[Lycée George-Sand]]

There is one private high school/sixth form college:<ref name=Ecoles/>
* [[Lycée Saint Aspais]]

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
Melun is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Jumelage|url=http://www.ville-melun.fr/decouvrir-melun/jumelage|website=ville-melun.fr|publisher=Melun|language=fr|access-date=2019-11-19|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022104607/http://www.ville-melun.fr/decouvrir-melun/jumelage|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Crema, Lombardy|Crema]], Italy
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Borough of Spelthorne|Spelthorne]], England, United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Stuttgart#Geography|Vaihingen (Stuttgart)]], Germany

==See also==
*[[Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Sources==
* ''Initial text from the "Carpenters' Encyclopedia of Carpenters 2001" Compiled by John R. Carpenter.''
* The Viscounts and Counts of Melun are listed in Detlev Schwennicke, ''[[Europäische Stammtafeln]]'', Neue Folge, Volume VII, Tafels 55 & 56.

==External links==
{{Commons|Melun}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Melun}}
* {{Official website|http://www.ville-melun.fr/}} {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://www.melunvaldeseine-tourisme.com/ Tourist office website] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111603/http://www.iaurif.org/en/gis/fichescom/mos99/ficmos/mos77288.html 1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région)] {{in lang|en}}
* {{Search Mérimée|77288}}

{{Préfectures of départements of France}}
{{Paris Metropolitan Area}}
{{Seine-et-Marne communes}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Melun| ]]
[[Category:Communes of Seine-et-Marne]]
[[Category:Prefectures in France]]
[[Category:Senones]]