Editing Melanippus

{{Short description|Figures in Greek mythology}}
:''The name Melanippus is the masculine counterpart of [[Melanippe]].''

In [[Greek mythology]], there were several people named '''Melanippus''' ({{Langx|grc|Μελάνιππος|Melánippos|black horse}}):
*Melanippus, one of the sons of [[Agrius of Calydon|Agrius]] and possibly [[Dia (mythology)|Dia]], daughter of King [[Porthaon]] of [[Calydon]].<ref>[[Tzetzes]], ''Chiliades'' [https://topostext.org/work/617#7.887 7.888]; [[Scholia]] ad [[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' 2.212</ref> Along with his brothers, except [[Thersites]], he was killed by [[Diomedes]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.6&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022:book=0:chapter=0&highlight=Melanippus 1.8.6]</ref>
*Melanippus or Menalippus, brother of [[Tydeus]] and thus possible son of [[Oeneus]], king of [[Calydon]] and [[Periboea]].<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], [https://topostext.org/work/206#69 ''Fabulae'' 69] & [https://topostext.org/work/206#70 70]</ref> He was accidentally slain by Tydeus during a hunt. In some accounts, the murdered brother of Tydeus was called Olenias.<ref>Apollodorus, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Apollod.+1.8.5&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022#note2 1.8.5]</ref>
*Melanippus, son of [[Perigune]] and [[Theseus]], the father of Ioxus who, together with [[Ornytus]], led a colony to [[Caria]] and became the ancestor of the family Ioxides.<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], 10.25.7; [[Plutarch]], ''Theseus'' 8.3</ref>
*Melanippus, sometimes misspelled "Menalippus", son of [[Astacus (mythology)|Astacus]] (hence referred to by the patronymic ''Astacides'' in [[Ovid]]<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Ibis (Ovid)|Ibis]]'' 515</ref>), defender of [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] in [[Aeschylus]]' play ''[[Seven Against Thebes]]''.  In the play, he defended the Proitid gate against Tydeus.<ref>[[Aeschylus]], ''[[Seven Against Thebes]]'' 609</ref> He killed two of the seven attacking champions, [[Mecisteus]] and [[Tydeus]],<ref>Herodotus, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Herodotus/5C*.html#67.3 5.67.3]; Pausanias, 9.18.1</ref> but was killed by either [[Amphiaraus]],<ref>Pausanias, 9.18.1; Scholia on Homer, ''Iliad'' 5.126; Tzetzes on [[Lycophron]], [https://topostext.org/work/860#1066 1066]</ref>{{AI-generated source|date=November 2024}} or by Tydeus himself as he died.<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], 3.6.8; [[Statius]], ''[[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]]'' 8.171 ff.</ref> (In versions where Melanippus is killed by someone other than Tydeus, the slayer decapitates him and delivers his head to Tydeus<ref name="Tz. Lyc. 1066">Tzetzes on Lycophron, [https://topostext.org/work/860#1066 1066]</ref>{{AI-generated source|date=November 2024}}). Tydeus  broke Melanippus' skull open and consumed his brain, which disgusted [[Athena]] so that she gave up her intent of making Tydeus immortal. [[Herodotus]] relates how in historical times, [[Cleisthenes of Sicyon|Cleisthenes]] abolished the [[hero cult]] of [[Adrastus]] in [[Sicyon]] in favour of that of Melanippus.<ref>Herodotus, [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Herodotus/5C*.html#67.2 5.67.2–5]</ref>
*Melanippus, son of [[Hicetaon]] and a native of [[Percote]].<ref>[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/13A1*.html#ref46 Strabo, 13.1.7]</ref> He was the brother of [[Thymoetes]],<ref>[[Virgil]], ''[[Aeneid]]'' 10.132</ref> [[Critolaus]]<ref name=":0">Pausanias, 10.26.1 with reference to [[Stesichorus]], ''The Sack of Troy''</ref> and possibly [[Antenor of Troy|Antenor]].<ref>[[Eustathius of Thessalonica|Eustathius]] on Homer, p. 349; scholia on ''Iliad'' 3.201</ref> Melanippus fought under [[Hector]], wishing to avenge the death of his cousin [[Dolops]], and was killed by [[Antilochus]] during the [[Trojan War]].<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 15.546 & 575</ref>
*Melanippus, one of the 50 sons of [[Priam]]. His mother was a woman other than [[Hecuba]]. He fought in the [[Trojan War]] and was shot dead by [[Teucer]].<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 8.276; Apollodorus, 3.12.5</ref> In some accounts, Melanippus was described to have  a plume of horsehair like his brother Idaeus.<ref>[[Photios I of Constantinople|Photius]], ''Bibliotheca'' 190.37</ref>
*Melanippus, yet another Trojan, who was killed by [[Patroclus]].<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 16.695</ref>
*Melanippus, one of the [[Achaeans (Homer)|Achaeans]] who fought at Troy. He was one of those who helped [[Odysseus]] carry the gifts at the point of reconciliation between [[Achilles]] and [[Agamemnon]].<ref>Homer, ''Iliad'' 19.240</ref>
*Melanippus, son of [[Ares]] and [[Triteia]], daughter of the sea-god [[Triton (mythology)|Triton]], founder of the city of [[Tritaia]], which he named after his own mother.<ref>Pausanias, 7.22.8</ref>
*Melanippus, a young man of [[Patrae]] who was in love with [[Comaetho]], but the parents on both sides were against their marriage. Melanippus and Comaetho met secretly in the temple of [[Artemis]], where the girl served as priestess, and had sex there. The outraged goddess cursed the country with plague and famine; in order to put an end to the calamity, the inhabitants of Patrae were instructed by the oracle of [[Delphi]] to sacrifice both lovers to the goddess and, from then on, to sacrifice the handsomest young man and the most beautiful girl of the city each year, until a new strange deity is introduced in Patrae. The practice lasted until [[Eurypylus (king of Thessaly)|Eurypylus]], son of [[Euaemon]], on his way back from Troy, brought an image of [[Dionysus]] to Patrae.<ref>Pausanias, 7.19.1–9</ref>
*Melanippus, son of Helorus, leader of the [[Mysia]]n contingent in the Trojan War, killed by [[Neoptolemus]].<ref>Tzetzes, ''Posthomerica'' 554</ref>
*Menalippus (misspelling of "Melanippus"? cf. #3 above), a son of [[Acastus]]. He, alongside his brother [[Pleisthenes]] and their servant [[Cinyras (mythology)|Cinyras]], was killed by Neoptolemus as they were hunting near the latter's grandfather [[Peleus]]' hideout, since Acastus and his family had been hostile towards Peleus.<ref>[[Dictys Cretensis]], [https://topostext.org/work/152#6.8 6.8]</ref>

In ancient [[Sicily]], [[Chariton and Melanippus|Melanippus]] was a hero of [[Agrigento]] alongside his lover Chariton. They plotted against the cruel tyrant [[Phalaris]], but were denounced and tortured. However, their mutual love and their refusal to betray their friends as accomplices moved the tyrant, who dismissed them with great praise.<ref name="Athenaeus1378">[[Athenaeus]], ''Deipnosophists'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2013.01.0003%3Abook%3D13%3Achapter%3D78 13.78]</ref>

==Notes==
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== References ==

* [[Aeschylus]], translated in two volumes. 1. ''Seven Against Thebes'' by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1926. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0014 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0013 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Dictys Cretensis]]'', from The Trojan War.'' ''The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and [[Dares Phrygius|Dares the Phrygian]]'' translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer, Jr. (1931-). Indiana University Press. 1966. [https://topostext.org/work/152 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Gaius Julius Hyginus]], ''Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus'' translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/206 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Herodotus]], ''The Histories'' with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. {{ISBN|0-674-99133-8}}. [https://topostext.org/work/22 Online version at the Topos Text Project.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0125 Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Homer]], [[Iliad|''The Iliad'']] with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. {{ISBN|978-0674995796|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Homer, ''Homeri Opera'' in five volumes. Oxford, Oxford University Press. 1920. {{ISBN|978-0198145318|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0133 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Plutarch|Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus]], ''Lives'' with an English Translation by Bernadotte Perrin. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. 1. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0067 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0075 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Ovid]], ''[[Ibis (Ovid)|Ibis]]'' in ''Art of Love. Cosmetics. Remedies for Love. Ibis. Walnut-tree. Sea Fishing. Consolation.'' Translated by J. H. Mozley. Revised by G. P. Goold. [[Loeb Classical Library]] No. 232, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1929. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL232/1929/volume.xml Online version at Harvard University Press].
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0160 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]
* Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio.'' ''3 vols''. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903.  [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0159 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Statius|Publius Papinius Statius]]'', The Thebaid'' translated by John Henry Mozley. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. [https://topostext.org/work/149 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* Publius Papinius Statius, ''The Thebaid. Vol I-II''. John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0498 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* [[Virgil|Publius Vergilius Maro]], ''Aeneid.'' Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0054%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Publius Vergilius Maro, ''Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics''. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0055 Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Strabo]], ''The Geography of Strabo.'' Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0198%3Abook%3D6%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* Strabo, ''Geographica'' edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0197 Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.]
* [[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes, John]], ''Book of Histories,'' Book VII-VIII translated by Vasiliki Dogani from the original Greek of T. Kiessling's edition of 1826. [http://www.theoi.com/Text/TzetzesChiliades7.html Online version at theio.com]

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