Editing Mecca, California

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Mecca
|other_name               = Walters
|settlement_type          = [[Census designated place]]
|image_skyline            = File:Mecca, California and Mecca Hills.jpg
|imagesize                =
|image_caption            = Mecca, California with [[Mecca Hills]]
|image_seal               =
|image_map                = File:Riverside County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Mecca Highlighted 0646660.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x200px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Riverside County, California|Riverside County]] and the state of [[California]]
|image_map1               =
|mapsize1                 =
|map_caption1             =
|pushpin_map              = USA California Southern#California#USA
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location in the United States
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = {{Flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1       = {{Flag|California}}
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of counties in California|County]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]]
|government_type          =
|leader_title             =
|leader_name              =
|named_for                = [[Mecca]], for its climate<ref>{{cite news
 |url=http://archive.desertsun.com/article/20120325/NEWS07/203240350/Mecca-proud-self-reliant-united-community-Desert-Sun-investigation-iSun
 |title=Proud, self-reliant Mecca 'a very united community'
 |newspaper=The Desert Sun
 |last=Honoré
 |first=Marcel
 |date=March 25, 2012
|access-date=November 26, 2014
|url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215082903/http://archive.desertsun.com/article/20120325/NEWS07/203240350/Mecca-proud-self-reliant-united-community-Desert-Sun-investigation-iSun
 |archive-date=February 15, 2015
}}</ref>
| established_title       = Settled
| established_date        = 1870's
| established_title2      =
| established_date2       = 
<!-- Area------------------>
|area_magnitude           =
|unit_pref               = US
|area_footnotes          = <ref>{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>
|area_total_sq_mi        = 6.959
|area_land_sq_mi         = 6.959
|area_water_sq_mi        = 0
|area_total_km2          = 18.023
|area_land_km2           = 18.023
|area_water_km2          = 0
|area_water_percent      = 0

|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = -187
|elevation_m              =
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|April 1, 2020]]
|population_footnotes     =
|population_total         = 8219
|population_metro         =
|population_density_km2   = auto
|population_density_sq_mi = auto
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset               = -8
|coordinates              = {{coord|33|34|18|N|116|04|38|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST             = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -7
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 92254
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area codes]]
|area_code                = [[Area codes 442 and 760|442/760]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info               = {{FIPS|06|46660}}
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info              = 1652751<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1652751}}</ref> and 2408811 (CDP)<ref>{{GNIS|2408811}}</ref>
|footnotes                =
|website                  =
}}

'''Mecca''' is an unincorporated community located in [[Riverside County, California]], United States. The desert community lies on the north shore of the [[Salton Sea]] in the [[Eastern Coachella Valley]] and is surrounded by agricultural land.

==Geography and climate==
[[File:Mecca, California (IA meccacalifornia00mecc).pdf|thumb|left|1904 Drawing of Mecca, CA]]
Situated in the [[Colorado Desert]], Mecca has a [[hot arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BWh''), experiencing an annual average maximum temperature of {{convert|88.5|°F|°C|1|disp=or}}. Low temperatures can reach below {{convert|30|°F|1|disp=or}}. The community sits under {{convert|150|feet|m|0|disp=or}} below sea level on the edge of the Salton Sea.

Land developers intending to irrigate the desert with water from the [[Colorado River]] did not foresee excess snow melt, and for two years from 1905 to 1906 accidentally re-routed the entirety of the river to the Salton Sink, flooding the salt mines that had been a source of salt for perhaps centuries and giving rise to the Salton Sea. Groundwater and water transported via the [[Coachella Canal]] have transformed the desert environment into large swaths of agricultural land.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

The highest temperature recorded in Mecca was {{convert|126|°F|°C|1|disp=or}} on September 2, 1950 and June 26, 1990, holding the record for the highest temperature recorded on Earth in September until it reached {{convert|127|°F|°C|1|disp=or}} in Death Valley in 2022. Annual rainfall averages {{convert|3.05|in|mm|1|disp=or}}, with the wettest "rain year" being from July 1991 to June 1992 when {{convert|8.85|in|mm|1|disp=or}} fell, and the driest from July 1995 to June 1996 with only {{convert|0.19|in|mm|1|disp=or}}.<ref name="NWS">{{cite web|url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=sgx | title=Mecca Fire Station – NWS San Diego NOAA Online Weather Data| publisher=NOAA|access-date=February 8, 2021}}</ref> The wettest month has been September 1976 with {{convert|5.67|in|mm|1|disp=or}}, and the wettest day September 11, 1976 with {{convert|4.00|in|mm|1|disp=or}} – one-third more than the average annual rainfall.

{{Weather box|location = Mecca, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1905–2019)
|single line = yes
|Jan record high F = 93
|Feb record high F = 100
|Mar record high F = 107
|Apr record high F = 110
|May record high F = 119
|Jun record high F = 126
|Jul record high F = 125
|Aug record high F = 123
|Sep record high F = 126
|Oct record high F = 117
|Nov record high F = 100
|Dec record high F = 91
|year record high F = 126
|Jan avg record high F = 82.5
|Feb avg record high F = 87.2
|Mar avg record high F = 93.8
|Apr avg record high F = 100.9
|May avg record high F = 107.5
|Jun avg record high F = 113.3
|Jul avg record high F = 116.5
|Aug avg record high F = 116.8
|Sep avg record high F = 113.5
|Oct avg record high F = 103.9
|Nov avg record high F = 92.0
|Dec avg record high F = 81.8
|year avg record high F = 119.1

|Jan high F = 70.4
|Feb high F = 73.9
|Mar high F = 80.8
|Apr high F = 86.9
|May high F = 94.6
|Jun high F = 102.5
|Jul high F = 106.6
|Aug high F = 106.2
|Sep high F = 101.5
|Oct high F = 91.2
|Nov high F = 78.0
|Dec high F = 68.9
|year high F = 88.5
|Jan mean F = 57.2
|Feb mean F = 60.6
|Mar mean F = 67.3
|Apr mean F = 73.0
|May mean F = 80.4
|Jun mean F = 87.4
|Jul mean F = 93.3
|Aug mean F = 93.2
|Sep mean F = 87.6
|Oct mean F = 76.6
|Nov mean F = 64.2
|Dec mean F = 55.5
|year mean F =
|Jan low F = 43.9
|Feb low F = 47.2
|Mar low F = 53.8
|Apr low F = 59.2
|May low F = 66.3
|Jun low F = 72.3
|Jul low F = 80.0
|Aug low F = 80.2
|Sep low F = 73.7
|Oct low F = 62.1
|Nov low F = 50.4
|Dec low F = 42.1
|year low F = 60.9

|Jan avg record low F = 29.4
|Feb avg record low F = 33.5
|Mar avg record low F = 38.6
|Apr avg record low F = 44.3
|May avg record low F = 51.8
|Jun avg record low F = 59.7
|Jul avg record low F = 65.2
|Aug avg record low F = 65.0
|Sep avg record low F = 58.1
|Oct avg record low F = 46.7
|Nov avg record low F = 35.6
|Dec avg record low F = 28.0
|year avg record low F = 26.5

|Jan record low F = 13
|Feb record low F = 19
|Mar record low F = 23
|Apr record low F = 34
|May record low F = 38
|Jun record low F = 48
|Jul record low F = 53
|Aug record low F = 51
|Sep record low F = 45
|Oct record low F = 28
|Nov record low F = 24
|Dec record low F = 18
|year record low F = 13
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain inch = 0.60
|Feb rain inch = 0.56
|Mar rain inch = 0.32
|Apr rain inch = 0.17
|May rain inch = 0.01
|Jun rain inch = 0.00
|Jul rain inch = 0.21
|Aug rain inch = 0.08
|Sep rain inch = 0.30
|Oct rain inch = 0.23
|Nov rain inch = 0.20
|Dec rain inch = 0.37
|year rain inch = 3.05
|unit rain days = 0.01 in
|Jan rain days = 2.8
|Feb rain days = 1.6
|Mar rain days = 1.1
|Apr rain days = 0.5
|May rain days = 0.2
|Jun rain days = 0.0
|Jul rain days = 0.5 
|Aug rain days = 0.6
|Sep rain days = 0.7
|Oct rain days = 0.7
|Nov rain days = 0.7
|Dec rain days = 1.4
|year rain days=
|source 1 = [[NOAA]] (mean maxima/minima 1981&ndash;2010)<ref name="NWS"/><ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00045502&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Mecca Fire STN, CA
|access-date = May 25, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Landmarks==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}
The focal point of the community is the Mecca Family and Farm Worker's Service Center. In 1999, California Rural Legal Assistance, Inc., filed 30 complaints of discrimination against Riverside County. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development investigated the complaints and determined that Riverside County's housing policies and code enforcement activities demonstrated a pattern of discrimination against Latino renters and homeowners. The county agreed to construct the Farmworker Service Center as part of a multimillion-dollar settlement agreement entered into to avoid further litigation. The Farmworker Service Center was inaugurated in 2005 and houses a health clinic, day care facility, offices for the Economic Development Department, and provides information and referrals to government services that can be accessed by the community's largely farmworker population.

Following the construction of the Farmworker Service Center, the county committed to other investments including the Mecca-North Shore Community Library and the Mecca Fire Station, both inaugurated in 2011.

Also in 2011, the Boys & Girls Club of Coachella Valley opened its biggest unit in California. Located next door to the Mecca Community Service Center, the club presently [when?] serves c. 350 children from Mecca and surrounding areas.

== Waste and landfill ==
The Mecca Landfill II is located on 66th Avenue in Mecca. It handles 452,182 cubic yards of waste and has an expected closure date in 2098.<ref name="wastebits_mecca">{{cite web |url=https://wastebits.com/locator/location/mecca-landfill-ii |title=Mecca Landfill II |website=wastebits.com |accessdate=March 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/PublicNotices/Details/1363 |title=Public Notice: Mecca II Sanitary Landfill - Riverside County |website=calrecycle.ca.gov |date=December 31, 2014 |accessdate=March 6, 2021}}</ref>

The Mecca Remediation Facility, which handles contaminated soil, is located on Gene Welmas Way in Mecca. The facility is operated by Scape Group, Inc.<ref name="wastebits_mecca"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2019/10/29/epa-lifts-orders-cabazon-reservation-recycling-facility/3883755002/ |title=EPA lifts restrictions on Cabazon reservation recycling facility |website=desertsun.com |first=Risa |last=Johnson |date=October 29, 2019 |accessdate=March 6, 2021}}</ref> Since 2009, the facility accepted contaminated soil, treated sewage sludge, soy whey, and other organic compostables. In 2011, residents' complaints of offending smells resembling rotten eggs, human waste, raw sewage, burnt motor oil, and petroleum traced back to sulfur compounds from the soy whey pond operated by Waste Reduction Technologies (WRT).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kcet.org/socal-focus/clearing-the-air-in-mecca|title=Clearing The Air In Mecca|website=[[KCET]]|date=May 11, 2011|first=Chris|last=Clarke|access-date=March 6, 2021}}</ref>

==Government==
In the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, Thousand Palms is in 4th District, Represented by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[V. Manuel Perez]] Supervisor of the 4th District<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fourth District {{!}} District Communities {{!}} Riverside County |url=https://rivco4.org/Communities/District-Communities |access-date=September 18, 2022 |website=rivco4.org |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170506/https://rivco4.org/Communities/District-Communities |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the [[California State Legislature]], Mecca is in {{Representative|casd|28|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|56|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |title=Statewide Database |publisher=UC Regents |access-date=November 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html |archive-date=February 1, 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Mecca is in {{Representative|cacd|25|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|25}}</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}
Mecca was a featured location in [[Roger Corman]]'s 1966 film ''[[The Wild Angels]]'', starring [[Peter Fonda]], [[Nancy Sinatra]] and [[Bruce Dern]]. This film inspired the [[outlaw biker film]] genre, and marks Peter Fonda's first appearance as a biker - three years prior to ''[[Easy Rider]]''.
Mecca was also the setting for the 1990 neo-noir film [[After Dark, My Sweet]], directed by [[James Foley (director)|James Foley]] and starring [[Jason Patric]], [[Bruce Dern]], and [[Rachel Ward]].

[[Susan Straight]]'s novel, ''Mecca'', is set in the community.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fragoza |first=Caribbean |date=March 15, 2022 |title=Wildfires, Secrets and Struggles in a Hidden California |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/15/books/review/mecca-susan-straight.html |access-date=March 20, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==History==
===Indigenous Cahuilla===
For many eras, the Desert [[Cahuilla]]'s native home was the Coachella Valley. The Cahuillas would travel from their village in [[Martinez, Riverside County, California|Martinez]] to [[Dos Palmas Spring]] via an ancient Native American trail known as the [[Bradshaw Trail|Cocomaricopa/Halchidoma Trail]]. This trail traversed just south of the town of Mecca.

===Spanish Explorers===
Spanish Explorer [[Melchior Diaz]] is the first non-indigenous person to set foot and explore inland California in December 1540 near the [[Yuma Crossing]] and [[Imperial Valley]] (95 miles southeast from Mecca).

Legend of [[Lost Ship of the Desert|Juan de Iturbe's Lost Pearl Ship in the Desert]] is a local legend that after the [[Great Flood of 1862|1862 Great flood]] locals reported seeing an ancient Spanish [[galleon]] that had beached during a voyage at New Spain's northernmost frontier of water the ancient [[Lake Cahuilla]] in 1615. In reported cases, the ship was allegedly seen near [[Salt Creek (Salton Sea)|Salt Creek]] (South of Mecca).

[[Juan Bautista de Anza]] led a colonizing expedition in 1774, from [[Mission San Xavier del Bac]] (Tucson) to [[San Gabriel Mission]] (Los Angeles). Anza traveled through the Imperial Valley just south of Mecca and encountered the native Cahuillas becoming the first Spanish to make contact with the Cahuillas.

Spanish missionaries from the [[San Gabriel Mission]] in Los Angeles would make the long journey to collect salt from [[brine pool]]s near the northern Salton sink (South of Mecca) known as the evaporating ancient [[Lake Cahuilla]] in 1810.

===Mexican 1823 Expedition===
In 1823 under orders from the Mexican Emperor [[Agustín de Iturbide]] to reopen a land route (closed by an Indian Revolt In 1871) from [[Alta California]] to Sonora, Captain José Romero and [[José María Estudillo]] documented the first recorded expedition into the Coachella Valley. They traversed the Halchidoma Trail and were escorted by the Cahuilla to [[Dos Palmas Spring]](Near Mecca) reaching it on December 31, 1823. They camped for four days before advancing East. Romero's party returned to the Eastern Coachella Valley after getting lost near [[Chuckwalla Valley|Palen Lake]].

===Bradshaw Trail===
in 1862 [[William D. Bradshaw]] connected [[La Paz, Arizona|La Paz Gold mines]] to Los Angeles using the prehistoric Indian [[Bradshaw Trail|Halchidoma Trail]] and renaming it the '''Bradshaw Trail'''. This trail was used by many travelers traversing from Arizona to California. The railroad would eventually replace the stagecoach trail in the late 1870s. The Stagecoach stop of ''Lone Palm'' was located South of Mecca near the town of [[North Shore, California|North Shore]].

===Southern Pacific Rail Road / Walters Station===
[[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]] constructed a railroad connecting Yuma to Los Angeles. The railroad was completed in 1869. A Railroad Station named Walters was erected and soon the town of Mecca began to populate in the 1870's.

===Date Palms===
[[File:Botanical characters of the leaves of the date palm used in distinguishing cultivated varieties (1915) (20212741508).jpg|180px|left|thumb|''20 year old Date Palm in Mecca. picture taken in  1915'']]
In the late 1890s, the [[Date Palm]] was introduced to the Coachella Valley. The plant was farmed in Mecca to a success after the Climate in the town was similar to the plant's native climate in the [[Middle East]].

===Salton Sea===
[[File:Salton Sea Creation.gif|300px|right|thumb|''Salton Sea creation 1905-1907'']]
From 1905 to February 1907, the Colorado River overflowed into the [[Salton Sink]] which had an ancient [[Lake Cahuilla|history of previous lake iterations]]. This time, the engineering disaster led to the creation of the modern Salton Sea. The flood waters never made it to Mecca although it came close to the Town.

===Hurricane Kathleen===
[[File:Mecca, California (15036234813).jpg|300px|right|thumb|''Photograph taken from Space of Mecca in October 2014'']]
On September 7, 1976, a hurricane had a destructive impact on the entire Coachella Valley. This event and further floods in the 1980s stalled progress in the eastern Coachella Valley. In recent history, Mecca has been solidified as an agricultural center for the [[Eastern Coachella Valley]].

==Demographics==

The [[2020 United States census]] reported a population of 8,219 for the year,<ref>US Census Bureau, 2020 Census, Mecca CDP, California profile</ref> a decline from 2010.

The [[2010 United States census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0646660|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715031425/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0646660|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Mecca CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref> reported that Mecca had a population of 8,577. The population density was {{convert|1,232.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Mecca was 2,686 (31.3%) White, 40 (0.5%) African American, 47 (0.5%) Native American, 17 (0.2%) Asian, 7 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, and 237 (2.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,462 persons (98.7%).

There were 1,854 households, out of which 1,374 (74.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,185 (63.9%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 339 (18.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 175 (9.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 142 (7.7%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 10 (0.5%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. The average household consisted of 4.63 persons per household.

The population was spread out, with 3,372 people (39.3%) under the age of 18, 1,141 people (13.3%) aged 18 to 24, 2,353 people (27.4%) aged 25 to 44, 1,368 people (15.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 343 people (4.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 110.8 males.

There were 2,020 housing units at an average density of {{convert|290.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, of which 815 (44.0%) were owner-occupied, and 1,039 (56.0%) were occupied by renters. 3,978 people (46.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 4,599 people (53.6%) lived in rental housing units.

49% of Mecca residents are employed in agricultural work. The community's population fluctuates several times throughout the year with up to an additional 5,000 [[Migrant worker|seasonal farmworkers]] coming into Mecca to serve the valley's winter and summer harvesting seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-mecca-farmworkers-shelter-loses-funds-20190410-htmlstory.html|title=When this farmworker shelter started taking in asylum seekers, it lost its biggest donor|last=Mejia|first=Brittny|date=April 10, 2019|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=April 11, 2019}}</ref>

Mecca has an elementary school, but no public high school. 1.4% of residents hold a college degree, with 17.7% continuing education after high school, ranking Mecca as the 17th least-educated city in the United States.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last1=Foulkes|first1=Cecelia|title=Mecca: A California Desert History|date=1985|oclc=13286927}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|last=Howser|first=Huell|title=Coachella – Palm Springs Week (18)|url=http://blogs.chapman.edu/huell-howser-archives/2002/09/27/coachella-palm-springs-week-18/|work=California's Gold|publisher=[[Chapman University]] Huell Howser Archive|author-link=Huell Howser|date=September 27, 2002}}
* {{GNIS|1652751|Mecca}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Mecca
|North     = ''[[Mecca Hills]]''
|Northeast = ''[[Mecca Hills]]''
|East      = ''[[Orocopia Mountains]]''
|Southeast = [[North Shore, California|North Shore]]
|South     = ''[[Salton Sea]]''
|Southwest = [[Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians|Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation]]
|West      = [[Valerie Jean Dates|Valerie (a.k.a. Valerie Jean)]]
|Northwest = [[Thermal, California|Thermal]]
}}
{{Riverside County, California}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Riverside County, California]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Colorado Desert]]
[[Category:Coachella Valley]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in California]]