Editing McIntosh (apple)

{{short description|National apple of Canada}}
{{Redirect-distinguish|Mac (apple)|Mac (computer)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{use Canadian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox Cultivar
| name = McIntosh
| image = Mcintosh-apple.jpg
| image_caption = Closeup of a McIntosh
| image_alt = Close-up of a red apple hanging from a branch of a tree; other hanging apples are visible in the background.
| cultivar = McIntosh
| origin = [[South Dundas, Ontario|Dundela]], [[Upper Canada]], 1811
}}
The '''McIntosh''' ({{IPAc-en|pron|ˈ|m|æ|k|ᵻ|n|,|t|ɒ|ʃ}} {{respell|MAK|in|tosh}}), '''McIntosh Red''', or colloquially the '''Mac''', is an [[apple]] [[cultivar]], the national apple of Canada. The fruit has red and green skin, a [[Taste#Astringency|tart]] flavor, and tender white flesh, which ripens in late September.  It is considered an all-purpose apple, suitable both for cooking and eating raw.

In the 20th century, the McIntosh was the most popular cultivar in [[Eastern Canada]] and [[New England]] and was widely sold in the UK. However, after holding 40% of the Canadian market share in the 1960s through to 1996, its market share declined to 28% in 2014<ref name="MagMonitor">{{cite news |last1=Magazine Monitor |title=What happened to the McIntosh apple? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-25826316 |access-date=28 July 2024 |work=[[BBC]] |date=January 22, 2014}}</ref> and is expected to continue to do so, in part due to production cost and in part due to consumers favoring sweeter, crisper, and less tart apple varieties.<ref name="Saba2020">{{cite news |last1=Saba |first1=Michel |title=The McIntosh apple is a legend, but it could disappear from Quebec shops |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/the-mcintosh-apple-is-a-legend-but-it-could-disappear-from-quebec-shops |access-date=28 July 2024 |work=[[The Montreal Gazette]] |agency=[[The Canadian Press]] |date=September 11, 2020}}</ref>

[[John McIntosh (farmer)|John McIntosh]] discovered the original McIntosh sapling on his [[South Dundas, Ontario|Dundela]] farm in [[Upper Canada]] in 1811. He and his wife cultivated it, and the family started grafting the tree and selling the fruit in 1835. In 1870, it entered commercial production, and became common in northeastern North America after 1900. While still important in production, the fruit's popularity fell in the early 21st century in the face of competition from varieties such as the [[Gala (apple)|Gala]]. According to the [[US Apple Association]] website, it is one of the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States.<ref>[http://www.usapple.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=21&Itemid=21 Apple varieties] by [[US Apple Association]]</ref>

[[Jef Raskin]], an employee at [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]], named the [[Mac (computer)|Macintosh]] computer line—later abbreviated to "Mac" in 1999—after the cultivar.

==Description==

The McIntosh, or McIntosh Red (nicknamed the "Mac"),{{sfn|Fox|2010}} is the most popular apple [[cultivar]] in eastern Canada and the northeastern United States. It also sells well in [[Eastern Europe]].{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}}

A spreading tree that is moderately vigorous, the McIntosh bears annually or in alternate years.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}} The tree is hardy to at least [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]] [[Hardiness zone]] 4a, or {{convert|-34|C|F}}. 50% or more of its flowers die at {{convert|-3.1|C|F}} or below.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}}

[[File:Platexlvii.jpg|right|thumb|alt=Illustration of red and green apple above, and a cross section of the same below.|A McIntosh that was illustrated in 1901]]

The McIntosh apple is a small to medium-sized round fruit with a short stem.  It has a red and green skin that is thick, tender, and easy to peel.  Its white flesh is sometime tinged with green or pink and is juicy, tender, and firm, soon becoming soft. The flesh is easily bruised.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}}

The fruit is considered "all-purpose", suitable both for eating raw and for cooking.{{sfn|Small|2009|p=64}} It is used primarily for dessert,{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}} and requires less time to cook than most cultivars.{{sfn|Small|2009|p=61}} It is usually blended when used for juice.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}}

The fruit grows best in cool areas where nights are cold and autumn days are clear; otherwise, it suffers from poor colour and soft flesh, and tends to fall from the tree before harvest. It stores for two to three months in air, but is prone to [[Apple scald|scald]], flesh softening, chilling sensitivity,{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}} and [[Coprinopsis psychromorbida|coprinus rot]].{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=75}} It can become [[wikt:mealy|mealy]] when stored at temperatures below {{convert|2|C|F}}.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74–75}} The fruit is optimally stored in a [[controlled atmosphere]] in which temperatures are between {{convert|1.7|and|3.0|C|F}}, and air content is 1.5–4.5% oxygen and 1–5% carbon dioxide; under such conditions, the McIntosh will keep for five to eight months.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=75}}

==Cultivation==

The McIntosh is most commonly cultivated in Canada, the United States, and Eastern Europe.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=75}}  It is one of the top five apple cultivars used in cloning, and research indicates the McIntosh combines well for winter hardiness.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=75}}

If unsprayed, the McIntosh succumbs easily to [[apple scab]], which may lead to entire crops being unmarketable.  It has generally low susceptibility to [[fire blight]], [[powdery mildew]], [[Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae|cedar-apple rust]], [[Gymnosporangium clavipes|quince rust]], and [[Gymnosporangium globosum|hawthorn rust]].  It is susceptible to fungal diseases such as ''[[Nectria]]'' canker, [[Wood-decay fungus|brown rot]], [[black rot]], race 1 of [[Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae|apple rust]] (but resists race 2). Furthermore, it is moderately resistant to [[Neofabraea malicorticis|''Pezicula'' bark rot]] and [[Alternaria mali|''Alternaria'' leaf blotch]], and resists brown leaf spots well.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=75}}

The McIntosh is one of the most common cultivars used in apple breeding; a 1996 study found that the McIntosh was a parent in 101 of 439 cultivars selected, more than any other founding clone.{{efn|The same study found that 64% of the cultivars selected came from five founding clones: in descending order, the McIntosh, the [[Golden Delicious]], the [[Jonathan (apple)|Jonathan]], the [[Cox's Orange Pippin]], and the [[Red Delicious]].{{sfn|Noiton|Alspach|1996|p=777}} }}  It was used in over half of the Canadian cultivars selected, and was used extensively in the United States and Eastern Europe as well; rarely was it used elsewhere.{{sfn|Noiton|Alspach|1996|p=777}}  Offspring of the McIntosh include: the [[Jersey Black]] hybrid the [[Macoun apple|Macoun]], the [[Newtown Pippin]] hybrid the [[Spartan (apple)|Spartan]], the [[Cortland (apple)|Cortland]]; the [[Empire (apple)|Empire]]; the Jonamac, the Jersey Mac,{{sfn|Kipfer|2012|p=356}} the Lobo, the [[Melba (apple)|Melba]], the Summered, the Tydeman's Red,{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=75}} and possibly the [[Paula Red]].{{sfn|Kipfer|2012|p=356}}

==History==
[[File:Apples on tree 2011 G1 cropped.jpg|thumb|McIntosh apples on a tree]]
Apple trees were introduced to Canada at the [[Habitation at Port-Royal]] as early as 1606 by French settlers. Following its introduction, apple cultivation spread inland.{{sfn|Canadian Geographic staff|2002}}

The McIntosh's discoverer, [[John McIntosh (farmer)|John McIntosh]] (1777&nbsp;–&nbsp;{{circa|1845–46}}),{{sfn|Fox|2010}} left his native [[Mohawk Valley]] home in New York State{{sfnm|1a1=Small|1y=2009|1p=61|2a1=Gollner|2y=2008|2p=10}} in 1796{{sfn|Canadian Geographic staff|2002}} to follow his love, Dolly Irwin, who had been taken to [[Upper Canada]] by her [[United Empire Loyalist|Loyalist]] parents.  She had died by the time he found her, but he settled as a farmer in Upper Canada.{{sfn|Gollner|2008|p=10}}  He married Hannah Doran in 1801, and they farmed along the [[Saint Lawrence River]] until 1811,{{efn|Several print and online sources, as well as the 1996 commemorative silver dollar, have mistakenly stated 1796 as the year of the McIntosh's discovery.  1796 was the year of McIntosh's immigration to Canada.  The confusion may have stemmed from an error on the 1912 plaque erected by the McIntosh family.{{sfn|Fox|2010}} }} when McIntosh exchanged the land he had with his brother-in-law Edward Doran for a plot in [[South Dundas, Ontario|Dundela]].{{efn|Dundela is about 70&nbsp;km south of [[Ottawa]], the Canadian capital.{{sfn|CBC News staff|2011}} }}{{sfn|Fox|2010}}

While clearing the overgrown plot, McIntosh discovered some apple seedlings on his farm.<ref name="CanHist">{{cite web |last1=Peacock |first1=Shane |title=The Mystery of Mr. McIntosh's Apple |url=https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/arts-culture-society/the-mystery-of-mr-mcintosh-s-apple? |website=Canada's History |publisher=Canada’s History Society |access-date=21 November 2024 |date=6 May 2016}}</ref> Since the crabapple was the only native apple in North America before European settlement, it must have had European origins. The Snow Apple (or Fameuse) had been popular in [[Lower Canada]] before that time; the seedlings may have sprouted from discarded fruit. Fall St Lawrence and Alexander have also been proposed, but the parentage remains unknown.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}}<ref name="CanHist"/> He transplanted the seedlings next to his house.  One of the seedlings bore particularly good fruit.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}  The McIntosh grandchildren dubbed the fruit it produced "Granny's apple", as they often saw their grandmother taking care of the tree in the orchard.{{sfn|Boyle|2011|p=29}}  McIntosh was selling seedlings from the tree by 1820, but they did not produce fruit of the quality of the original.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}

John McIntosh's son Allan (1815–1899){{sfn|Fox|2010}} learned [[grafting]] about 1835;{{sfn|Canadian Geographic staff|2002}} with this cloning, the McIntoshes could maintain the distinctive properties of the fruit of the original tree.  Allan and brother Sandy (1825–1906), nicknamed "Sandy the Grafter", increased production and promotion of the cultivar.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}  Earliest sales were in 1835, and in 1836 the cultivar was renamed the "McIntosh Red";{{efn|The "Gem" was also considered as a name for the apple.{{sfn|Fox|2010}} }} it entered commercial production in 1870.  The apple became popular after 1900, when the first sprays for [[apple scab]] were developed.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}} A house fire damaged the original McIntosh tree in 1894; it last produced fruit in 1908, and died and fell over in 1910.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}<ref name="CanHist"/>
[[File:Pommes du marché Jean-Talon - McIntosh.jpg|thumb|McIntosh apples on sale at the [[Jean-Talon Market]] in Montreal]]
Horticulturist William Tyrrell Macoun of the [[Central Experimental Farm]] in [[Ottawa]] is credited with popularizing the McIntosh in Canada.  He stated the McIntosh needed "no words of praise", that it was "one of the finest appearing and best dessert apples grown".  The Macoun, a hybrid of the McIntosh and Jersey Black grown by the Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, NY, was named for him in 1923.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}  In the northeastern United States, the McIntosh replaced many [[Baldwin (apple)|Baldwin]]s that were killed in a severe winter in 1933–34.{{sfn|Ferree|Warrington|2003|p=74}}  In the late 1940s, Canadian ambassador to the United Nations [[Andrew McNaughton]] told the Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs [[Andrei Gromyko]] that the McIntosh Red was Canada's best apple.{{sfn|Tapper|2011}}{{dubious|date=August 2014}}

The McIntosh made up 40% of the Canadian apple market by the 1960s;{{sfn|Kearney|Ray|2002|p=184}} and at least thirty varieties of McIntosh hybrid were known by 1970.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}

Its popularity later waned in the face of competition from imports; in the first decade of the 21st century, the [[Gala (apple)|Gala]] accounted for 33% of the apple market in Ontario to the McIntosh's 12%, and the [[Northern Spy]] had become the preferred apple for pies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdsboutique.com/en/blog_old/did-you-know-that/the-history-of-the-mcintosh|title=The History of the McIntosh / Concepts du sablier|first=Marie-France|last=Dozois |website=cdsboutique.com|language=en|date=2013-09-02|access-date=2017-09-23|archive-date=2017-09-23|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923095848/https://www.cdsboutique.com/en/blog_old/did-you-know-that/the-history-of-the-mcintosh }}</ref> Production remained important to Ontario, however, as {{convert|66000000|lb|kg|order=flip}} of McIntoshes were produced in 2010.{{sfn|Tapper|2011}}

The original tree discovered by John McIntosh bore fruit for more than ninety years, and died in 1910.{{sfn|Canadian Geographic staff|2002}}  Horticulturalists from the [[Upper Canada Village]] heritage park saved cuttings from the last known first-generation McIntosh graft before it died in 2011 for producing clones.{{sfn|CBC News staff|2011}}
=== Descendant cultivars ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Descendant cultivars from McIntosh<ref>Fruit Varieties Journal vol. 29, 1975</ref>
|-
! Name!! Parentage !! Selected year !! Introduced year
|-
| Edgar|| McIntosh x Forest || 1929 || 
|-
| Toshfor || McIntosh x Forest || || 1926
|-
| Maud || McIntosh x Longfield ||  || 1921
|-
| Sharon || McIntosh x Longfield || 1920 || 1922
|-
| Blair|| McIntosh x Fameuse || 1944 || 1973
|-
| Jubilee || McIntosh x Grimes Golden || 1936|| 1939
|-
| Macoun || McIntosh x Jersey Black  ||1918 ||1923
|-
| Toshlaw || McIntosh x Lawver || || 1925
|-
| Fantazja || McIntosh x Linda || 1954 || 1960
|-
|  South Dakota Macata ||McIntosh x Malus Baccata ||  || 1938
|-
| Toshkee || McIntosh x Milwaukee ||  || 1923
|-
| Spartan || McIntosh x Newtown || 1936 || 
|-
| Maga || McIntosh x Virginia Crab || 1919 || 1933
|-
|Michaelmas Red ||McIntosh x Worcester Pearmain || ||1945
|-
|Tydemans Early Worcester ||McIntosh x Worcester Pearmain ||  ||1945
|-
| Newtosh || McIntosh x Yellow Newtown || 1922 || 1923
|-
| Killand|| McIntosh x Dolgo || 1951|| 1957
|-
| Northland || McIntosh x Dolgo || 1938 || 1957
|-
| Stonetosh || Stone x McIntosh ||  || 1922
|-
| Rosilda || Prince x McIntosh || 1916 || 1921
|-
| Cortland || Ben Davis x McIntosh ||  || 1915
|-
| Toshprince || Prince x McIntosh ||  || 1923
|-
|McPrince ||Prince x McIntosh ||  ||1922
|-
|Niagara ||Carlton x McIntosh ||1950   ||   1962
|-
| George || McIntosh O.P. || || 1948
|-
| Glendale || McIntosh O.P. || 1948 || 1956
|-
| Glenelm || McIntosh O.P. || 1945 || 1952
|-
| Glenmary || McIntosh O.P. || 1940 || 1948
|-
| Glenwale || McIntosh O.P. || 1940 || 1958
|-
| Kress McIntosh || McIntosh O.P. || 1920 || 1934
|-
|Lobo ||McIntosh O.P. ||1906 ||1930
|-
| Melba  || McIntosh O.P. || 1909 || 1924
|-
|Patricia ||McIntosh O.P. ||1920 ||
|-
| Reta || McIntosh O.P. ||  || 1953
|}
O.P. = Open Pollinated

==Cultural significance==

[[File:Macintosh 128k transparency.png|thumb|upright|left|alt=A beige, boxy computer with a small black and white screen showing a window and desktop with icons.|[[Apple Inc.]]'s [[Macintosh 128K|Macintosh]] line of personal computers was named after the fruit.]]

The McIntosh has been designated the national apple of Canada.{{sfn|Davidson|2014|p=30}} A popular subscription funded a plaque placed {{convert|110|yd|m|order=flip}} from the original McIntosh tree in 1912. The [[Ontario Archaeological and Historic Sites Board]] replaced the plaque with a more descriptive one in 1962, and the [[Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada]] put up another in a park nearby in 2001, by a painted mural commemorating the fruit.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}

[[Apple Inc.]] employee [[Jef Raskin]] named the [[Mac (computer)|Macintosh]] line of personal computers after the McIntosh.<ref name="CanHist"/> He deliberately misspelled the name to avoid conflict with the hi-fi equipment manufacturer [[McIntosh Laboratory]]. Apple's attempt in 1982 to trademark the name Macintosh was nevertheless denied due to the phonetic similarity between Apple's product and the name of the hi-fi manufacturer. Apple licensed the rights to the name in 1983, and bought the trademark in 1986.{{sfn|Linzmayer|2004|p=87}}

In 1995, the [[Royal Canadian Mint]] commissioned Toronto artist Roger Hill to design a commemorative [[Canadian silver dollar|silver dollar]] for release in 1996.  Mint engraver Sheldon Beveridge engraved the image of a group of three McIntoshes and a McIntosh blossom, which adorn one side with a ribbon naming the variety.  An inscription on the edge reads "1796 Canada Dollar 1996".  Issued sheathed in a silver cardboard sleeve in a black leatherette case, 133,779 pieces of the proof were sold, as well as 58,834 pieces of the uncirculated version in a plastic capsule and silver sleeve.{{sfn|Fox|2010}}

{{Clear}}

==See also==
* [[List of Canadian inventions and discoveries]]
* [[Ambrosia (apple)]]
* [[Jubilee apple]]
* [[Spartan (apple)]]
* [[Wijcik McIntosh]]

==Notes==

{{Notelist}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==Works cited==

{{Refbegin|colwidth=40em}}

*{{cite book
|last      = Boyle
|first     = Terry
|title     = Hidden Ontario: Secrets from Ontario's Past
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=uXk3yUgj1yYC
|date      = 2011
|publisher = [[Dundurn Press]]
|isbn      = 978-1-4597-0029-1}}
* {{cite web
 |ref={{SfnRef|Canadian Geographic staff|2002}} 
 |title=Canadian food firsts 
 |url=http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/jf02/canadianfoodfirsts.asp 
 |date=January–February 2002 
 |work=[[Canadian Geographic]] 
 |access-date=2013-06-17 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624005710/http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/JF02/canadianfoodfirsts.asp 
 |archive-date=24 June 2013 
}}
* {{cite web
|title      = Oldest McIntosh apple tree descendant cut down
|publisher       = [[CBC News]]
|url        = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/oldest-mcintosh-apple-tree-descendant-cut-down-1.1001566
|author     = CBC News staff
|date       = 2011-08-25
|access-date = 2013-06-17}}
* {{cite book
|last      = Davidson
|first     = Alan
|title     = The Oxford Companion to Food
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=bIIeBQAAQBAJ
|year      = 2014
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|isbn      = 978-0-19-104072-6
}}
* {{cite book
|last1     = Ferree
|first1    = David David Curtis
|last2     = Warrington
|first2    = I. Ian J.
|title     = Apples: Botany, Production, and Uses
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=_-MePLY9imoC
|year      = 2003
|publisher = [[CAB International|CABI]]
|isbn      = 978-0-85199-799-5}}
* {{cite journal
|title      = McIntosh Given Numismatic Nod
|first      = Mark
|last       = Fox
|journal    = World Coin News
|date       = 2010-06-30
|publisher  = [[Krause Publications]]
|url        = http://secure.numismaster.com/ta/numis/Article.jsp?ad=article&ArticleId=11849
|access-date = 2013-06-18}}
* {{cite book
|last      = Gollner
|first     = Adam Leith
|title     = The Fruit Hunters: A Story of Nature, Adventure, Commerce, and Obsession
|url       = https://archive.org/details/fruithuntersstor00adam
|url-access = registration
|year      = 2008
|publisher = [[Charles Scribner's Sons]]
|isbn      = 978-1-4165-6561-1}}
* {{cite book
|last1     = Kearney
|first1    = Mark
|last2     = Ray
|first2    = Randy
|title     = I Know That Name!: The People Behind Canada's Best Known Brand Names from Elizabeth Arden to Walter Zeller
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=e3KE9KjwONEC
|year      = 2002
|publisher = [[Dundurn Press]]
|isbn      = 978-1-55002-407-4}}
* {{cite book
|last      = Kipfer
|first     = Barbara Ann
|title     = The Culinarian: A Kitchen Desk Reference
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=7xUafQwz2tkC
|year      = 2012
|publisher = [[Houghton Mifflin Harcourt]]
|isbn      = 978-0-544-18603-3}}
* {{cite book
|last      = Linzmayer
|first     = Owen W.
|title     = Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=mXnw5tM8QRwC
|year      = 2004
|publisher = [[No Starch Press]]
|isbn      = 978-1-59327-010-0}}
* {{cite journal
 |first1       = Dominique A.M.
 |last1        = Noiton
 |first2       = Peter A.
 |last2        = Alspach
 |date         = September 1996
 |title        = Founding Clones, Inbreeding, Coancestry, and Status Number of Modern Apple Cultivars
 |journal      = Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
 |volume = 121
 |issue        = 5
 |pages        = 773–782
 |doi = 10.21273/JASHS.121.5.773
 |doi-access= free
 }}
* {{cite book
|last      = Small
|first     = Ernest
|title     = Top 100 Food Plants
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=nyWY_YkV7qAC
|year      = 2009
|publisher = NRC Research Press
|isbn      = 978-0-660-19858-3
}}
* {{cite news
|url        = https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2011/10/15/where_have_you_gone_mr_mcintosh.html
|title      = Where have you gone, Mr McIntosh?
|first      = Josh
|last       = Tapper
|date       = 2011-10-15
|newspaper  = [[Toronto Star]]
|access-date = 2013-06-17}}

{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|McIntosh}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgSHB4wk1bk Macintosh Apples], Archives of Ontario YouTube channel
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120606225553/http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_STU/Plaque_Stormont46.html Ontario Plaques: John McIntosh]
*{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalfruitcollection.org.uk/full2.php?id=3874&&fruit=apple |title=UK National Fruit Collection}}
*{{cite web|title=Oldest McIntosh apple tree descendant cut down|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/oldest-mcintosh-apple-tree-descendant-cut-down-1.1001566|publisher=[[CBC News]]}}
*{{cite web|title=Where does the McIntosh Apple Come From?|url=http://www.mysteriesofcanada.com/ontario/where-does-the-mcintosh-apple-come-from/|publisher=mysteriesofcanada.com}}

{{Apples|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Apple cultivars]]
[[Category:Canadian apples]]
[[Category:Cooking apples]]
[[Category:Dessert apples]]
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