Editing Mary Stewart (novelist)

{{Short description|British novelist (1916–2014)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer
| name          = Mary Stewart
| honorific_prefix = 
| honorific_suffix = 
| image         = Mary Stewart (novelist).jpg
| image_size    = 
| alt           = 
| caption       = 
| native_name   = 
| native_name_lang =
| pseudonym     = Mary Stewart
| birth_name    = Mary Florence Elinor Rainbow
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|df=yes|1916|09|17}}
| birth_place   = [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]], County Durham, England
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2014|05|09|1916|09|17}}
| death_place   = [[Lochawe]], Scotland
| resting_place = 
| occupation    = Novelist
| language      = English
| nationality   = British
| ethnicity     = 
| citizenship   = 
| education     = 
| alma_mater    = [[Durham University]]
| period        = 1954–1997
| genre         = Romantic mystery
| subject       = 
| movement      = 
| notableworks  = 
| spouse        = {{marriage|Sir [[Frederick Stewart (geologist)|Frederick Stewart]]|1945|2001|end=d.}}
| partner       = 
| relatives     = 
| awards        = 
| signature     = 
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}}

'''Mary, Lady Stewart''' (born '''Mary Florence Elinor Rainbow'''; 17 September 1916 – 9 May 2014) was a British novelist who developed the romantic mystery genre, featuring smart, adventurous heroines who could hold their own in dangerous situations. She also wrote children's books and poetry, but may be best known for her [[Mary Stewart's Merlin Trilogy|Merlin series]], which straddles the boundary between the historical novel and fantasy.

Adaptations of her books include both ''The Moon-Spinners'': [[The Moon-Spinners|a Walt Disney live-action movie]], and ''The Little Broomstick'' (1971) which became an animated feature film titled ''[[Mary and the Witch's Flower]]'' (2017, dir. [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]). 

== Early life and education ==
Mary Florence Elinor Rainbow was born on 17 September 1916 in [[Sunderland]], County Durham, England, UK, daughter of Mary Edith Matthews, a primary school teacher from [[New Zealand]], and Frederick Albert Rainbow, a vicar.<ref name="mstewmn">{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1365588/Sir-Frederick-Stewart.html |title=Sir Frederick Stewart |date=17 December 2001 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402013945/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1365588/Sir-Frederick-Stewart.html |archive-date=2 April 2009| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="mstewmnm">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9337392 |title=Mary Stewart|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |type=student encyclopedia |access-date=28 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209091336/http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9337392 |archive-date=9 February 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 

She was a bright child and attended Eden Hall boarding school in [[Penrith, Cumbria|Penrith]], Cumbria, age eight. She was bullied there and stated that this had a lasting effect on her. At ten, she won a scholarship to Skellfield School, [[Ripon]], Yorkshire, where she excelled at sport. Offered places by Oxford, Cambridge, and Durham universities, she chose Durham as it offered the largest bursary and least travel.<ref name=":1">{{Cite ODNB |title=Stewart, Sir Frederick Henry (1916–2001), geologist novelist |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-76595 |access-date=2022-08-15 |year=2009 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/76595|isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 |editor-last1=Upton |editor-first1=B. G. J }}</ref> 

She graduated from [[Durham University]] in 1938 with first-class honours in English, was awarded a first-class Teaching Diploma in English with Art the following year and in 1941 gained her master's degree.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=About Mary Stewart|last=Stewart|first=Mary|publisher=Musson Book Company|year=1973|location=Ontario, Canada}}</ref> 

== Academic teaching ==
Stewart held a variety of posts during World War II, including primary school teaching, teaching at secondary level at a girls' boarding school, and working part-time at the sixth form of [[Durham School]].<ref name=":0" /> Between 1941 and 1956, she was an assistant lecturer (1941–5) and part-time lecturer (1948–56) in English literature, mostly [[Old English literature|Anglo-Saxon]], at Durham University. She received an honorary D.Litt. in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ceremonies/congregation/stewart_mary.pdf |title=Lady Mary Florence Elinor Stewart - Doctor of Letters |last=Hutchison |first=Chris |date=3 July 2009 |work=Durham University Honorary Degrees |publisher=[[Durham University]] |access-date=16 December 2013 |archive-date=13 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013111638/http://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ceremonies/congregation/stewart_mary.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It was in Durham that she met and married her husband, [[Frederick Stewart (geologist)|Frederick Stewart]], a young Scot who lectured in Geology. She became known as Mary Stewart.

In 1956, the couple moved to [[Edinburgh]].<ref name="mstew">{{cite book |title=Thornyhold |last=Stewart |first=Mary |year=1988 |type=paperback |at=Author biography}}</ref> Mary, in her own words, was a "born storyteller" and had been writing stories since the age of three. Following the move to Scotland, she submitted a novel to the publishers Hodder & Stoughton. ''Madam, Will You Talk?'' was an immediate success, followed by many other successful works over the years.<ref name=":1" />

==Writing career==
Stewart was the best-selling author of many romantic suspense and historical fiction novels. They were well received by critics, due especially to her skillful story-telling and elegant prose. Her novels are also known for their well-crafted settings, many in England but also in such locations as [[Damascus]] and the [[Greek islands]], as well as Spain, France, Austria, etc.<ref>''Contemporary Literary Criticism'', v. 35. Gale Research Company, 1985.</ref>

She was at the height of her popularity from the late 1950s to the 1980s, when many of her novels were translated into other languages. ''The Moon-Spinners'', one of her most popular novels, was also made into [[The Moon-Spinners|a Walt Disney live-action movie]]. In 2017 ''The Little Broomstick'' (1971) was adapted into the animated feature film titled ''[[Mary and the Witch's Flower]]''.

Stewart was one of the most prominent writers of the romantic suspense subgenre, blending romance novels and mystery. Critically, her works are considered superior to those of other acclaimed romantic suspense novelists, such as [[Victoria Holt]] and [[Phyllis Whitney]].<ref>Friedman, Lenemaja (1990), ''Mary Stewart'', Boston, Massachusetts: Twain Publishers, {{ISBN|9780805769852}}</ref> She seamlessly combined the two genres, maintaining a full mystery while focusing on the courtship between two people,{{sfnp|Regis|2003|pages=143-144}} so that the process of solving the mystery "helps to illuminate" the hero's personality—thereby helping the heroine to fall in love with him.{{sfnp|Regis|2003|page=146}}

In the late 1960s a new generation of young readers revived a readership in [[T. H. White]]'s ''[[The Once and Future King]]'' (published in full 1958) and ''[[The Lord of the Rings]]'' (published in full 1956), and as a consequence Arthurian and heroic legends regained popularity among a critical mass of readers. Mary Stewart added to this climate by publishing ''[[The Crystal Cave]]'' (1970), the first in what was to become [[Mary Stewart's Merlin Trilogy|The Merlin Trilogy]], later extended by two further novels. The books placed Stewart on the best-seller list many times throughout the 1970s and 1980s.

== Personal life ==
Mary Rainbow met and married her husband, [[Frederick Stewart (geologist)|Frederick Stewart]], a young Scot lecturer in Geology, whilst they were both working at Durham University. They were married by her father in September 1945 after having met at a VE Day dance;<ref name=":1" /> their engagement was announced in ''[[The Times]]'' only one month after they met.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Marriages." Times [London, England] 11 June 1945: 7. The Times Digital Archive. |url=http://find.galegroup.com.nls.idm.oclc.org/ttda/newspaperRetrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DateAscend&tabID=T003&prodId=TTDA&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchId=R2&searchType=BasicSearchForm&currentPosition=1&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28tx%2CNone%2C7%29rainbow%3AAnd%3ALQE%3D%28da%2CNone%2C23%2906%2F07%2F1945+-+06%2F19%2F1945%24&retrieveFormat=MULTIPAGE_DOCUMENT&userGroupName=nlibscot&inPS=true&contentSet=LTO&&docId=&docLevel=FASCIMILE&workId=&relevancePageBatch=CS118440139&contentSet=UDVIN&callistoContentSet=UDVIN&docPage=article&hilite=y&tabLimiterIndex=&tabLimiterValue= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818074418/https://auth.nls.uk/login/?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Ffind%2Egalegroup%2Ecom%2Fttda%2FnewspaperRetrieve%2Edo%3FsgHitCountType%3DNone%26sort%3DDateAscend%26tabID%3DT003%26prodId%3DTTDA%26resultListType%3DRESULT%5FLIST%26searchId%3DR2%26searchType%3DBasicSearchForm%26currentPosition%3D1%26qrySerId%3DLocale%2528en%252C%252C%2529%253AFQE%253D%2528tx%252CNone%252C7%2529rainbow%253AAnd%253ALQE%253D%2528da%252CNone%252C23%252906%252F07%252F1945%2B%2D%2B06%252F19%252F1945%2524%26retrieveFormat%3DMULTIPAGE%5FDOCUMENT%26userGroupName%3Dnlibscot%26inPS%3Dtrue%26contentSet%3DLTO%26docId%3D%26docLevel%3DFASCIMILE%26workId%3D%26relevancePageBatch%3DCS118440139%26contentSet%3DUDVIN%26callistoContentSet%3DUDVIN%26docPage%3Darticle%26hilite%3Dy%26tabLimiterIndex%3D%26tabLimiterValue%3D |archive-date=18 August 2021 |access-date=25 July 2018 |website=Times Digital Archive}}</ref> At 30, she suffered an [[ectopic pregnancy]], undiagnosed for several weeks, and as a consequence could not have children.

In 1956, they moved to [[Edinburgh]], where he became professor of geology and mineralogy, and later chairman of the Geology Department at [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name="mstew" /> 

In 1974, Mary's husband Frederick Stewart was knighted and she became Lady Stewart, although she never used the title. Her husband died in 2001.<ref name="mstewh">{{cite web |last=Pearce |first=Wright |date=19 December 2001 |title=Sir Frederick Stewart |url=http://education.guardian.co.uk/obituary/story/0,12212,750179,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050313234914/http://education.guardian.co.uk/obituary/story/0,12212,750179,00.html |archive-date=13 March 2005 |access-date=28 May 2007 |work=The Guardian}}</ref>

In semi-retirement Stewart resided in Edinburgh as well as near [[Loch Awe]]. An avid gardener, Mary and her husband shared a keen love of nature. She was also fond of her cat Tory, a black and white female, who lived to be eighteen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tangye |first=Derek |title=Sun on the Lintel |year=1976 |page=83 |author-link=Derek Tangye}}</ref>

Mary Stewart died on 9 May 2014.<ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |last=Hore |first=Rachel |date=15 May 2014 |title=Mary Stewart obituary |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/may/15/mary-stewart |url-status=live |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211010942/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/may/15/mary-stewart |archive-date=11 February 2021}}</ref><ref name="nytimes">{{cite news |last=Gates |first=Anita |date=15 May 2014 |title=Mary Stewart, British Writer Who Spanned Genres, Dies at 97 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/books/mary-stewart-british-writer-who-spanned-genres-dies-at-97.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128220331/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/books/mary-stewart-british-writer-who-spanned-genres-dies-at-97.html |archive-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> Her entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography was added in 2022.<ref name=":1" />

==Awards==
===Fantasy genre===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="min-width: 15em" | Award
! style="min-width: 15em" | Work
! style="min-width: 8em" | Result
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style="font-weight: normal" | Frederick Niven Literary Award
| ''[[The Crystal Cave]]'' (1970)
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center" | <ref name="nytimes"/>
|-
! style="font-weight: normal" rowspan=2 | [[Mythopoeic Awards|Mythopoeic Fantasy Award]]
| ''[[The Crystal Cave]]'' (1970)
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center" | <ref name="mythopoeic"/>
|-
| ''[[The Hollow Hills]]'' (1973)
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center" | <ref name="mythopoeic"/>
|-
! style="font-weight: normal" | [[Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust Book Awards|Scottish Arts Council Award]]
| ''Ludo and the Star Horse'' (1974)
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center" | <ref name="herald-scotland"/>
|}

===Mystery genre===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="min-width: 15em" | Award
! style="min-width: 15em" | Work
! style="min-width: 8em" | Result
! {{Abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
! style="font-weight: normal" |  [[Agatha Award]]
| Lifetime Achievement
| {{won}}
| style="text-align: center" |<ref name=agatha/>
|-
! rowspan=2 style="font-weight: normal" |  [[Edgar Awards|Edgar Allan Poe Award]]
| ''[[This Rough Magic]]'' (1964)
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center" | <ref name="edgars"/>
|-
| ''[[Airs Above the Ground (novel)|Airs Above the Ground]]'' (1965)
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center" | <ref name="edgars"/>
|-
! style="font-weight: normal" | [[Gold Dagger|Gold Dagger Award]]
| ''[[My Brother Michael]]'' (1961)
| {{nom}}
| style="text-align: center" | <ref name=dagger/>
|}

==Bibliography==
===Romantic suspense novels===
*''[[Madam, Will You Talk?]]'' (1955)
*''[[Wildfire at Midnight]]'' (1956)
*''Thunder on the Right'' (1957)
*''[[Nine Coaches Waiting]]'' (1958)
*''[[My Brother Michael]]'' (1959)
*''[[The Ivy Tree]]'' (1961)
*''The Moon-Spinners'' (1962), filmed as ''[[The Moon-Spinners]]''
*''[[This Rough Magic]]'' (1964)
*''[[Airs Above the Ground (novel)|Airs Above the Ground]]'' (1965)
*''The Gabriel Hounds'' (1967)
*''[[The Wind Off the Small Isles]]'' (1968)
*''[[Touch Not the Cat]]'' (1976)
*''[[Thornyhold]]'' (1988)
*''Stormy Petrel'' (1991)
*''Rose Cottage'' (1997)

===The Arthurian Saga===
#''[[The Crystal Cave]]'' (1970)
#''[[The Hollow Hills]]'' (1973)
#''[[The Last Enchantment]]'' (1979)
#''[[The Wicked Day]]'' (1983)
#''[[The Prince and the Pilgrim]]'' (1995)

===Children's novels===
*''The Little Broomstick'' (1971) (adapted as the 2017 animated feature film ''[[Mary and the Witch's Flower]]'')
*''Ludo and the Star Horse'' (1974)
*''[[A Walk in Wolf Wood]]'' (1980)
*''The Castle of Danger'' (1981) - children's version of ''[[Nine Coaches Waiting]]'' (1958)

===Poetry===
*''Frost on the Window: And other Poems'' (1990) (poetry collection)

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=mythopoeic>{{cite web |url=http://www.mythsoc.org/awards/awards-fantasy.htm |title=Mythopoeic Awards – Fantasy |work=[[Mythopoeic Society]] |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516022710/http://www.mythsoc.org/awards/awards-fantasy.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=edgars>{{cite web |url=http://theedgars.com/awards/category-list-best-novel/ |title=Category List – Best Novel |work=[[Edgar Awards|The Edgars]] |publisher=[[Mystery Writers of America]] |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417051459/http://theedgars.com/awards/category-list-best-novel/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=agatha>{{cite web |url=http://malicedomestic.org/aboutmalice.html |title=About Malice Domestic |work=[[Agatha Award|Malice Domestic]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906104944/http://malicedomestic.org/aboutmalice.html |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name=dagger>{{cite book |title=The Essential Mystery Lists: For Readers, Collectors, and Librarians |chapter=Crime Writers Association (UK) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8r-Ma6S1cEQC&pg=PA76 |editor-last=Sobin |editor-first=Roger M |year=2011 |publisher=Poisoned Pen Press |isbn=9781615952038 |access-date=18 August 2021 |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818074449/https://books.google.com/books?id=8r-Ma6S1cEQC&pg=PA76&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name=herald-scotland>{{cite web |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/13161556.mary-stewart/ |title=Mary Stewart |work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |date=21 May 2014 |access-date=17 August 2021 |archive-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813005659/https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/13161556.mary-stewart/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

===Sources===
*{{citation|last=Regis|first=Pamela|title=A Natural History of the Romance Novel|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2003|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|isbn=0-8122-3303-4}}
*{{citation|last=Friedman|first=Lenemaja|title=Mary Stewart|publisher=Twain Publishers|year=1990|location=Boston, Massachusetts|isbn=9780805769852|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/marystewart00frie}}
*Stewart, Mary (1973), ''About Mary Stewart'', Ontario, Canada: Musson Book Company, 14 page booklet with no ISBN

==External links==
{{wikiquote|Mary Stewart}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBm_kyaPh4I/. "Off the Page-Mary Stewart"] 2010. Culture and literature series featuring a Scottish writer each week. In this episode, romance and historical novelist Mary Stewart discusses her natural passion for reading and writing, and the creation of her Merlin novels.
*[http://mysteryscenemag.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2354:mary-stewart-teller-of-tales&catid=38:profile&Itemid=191. "Mary Stewart: A Teller of Tales"] 2011. Article by Katherine Hall Page from ''Mystery Scene''.
*[http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/intrvws/stewart.htm University of Rochester. "Interview with Mary Stewart" 1989. From ''Interviews with Authors of Modern Arthurian Literature''.]
*[http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20066853,00.html "Novelist Mary Stewart's a Lady Like Antonia Fraser—by Title; and That Ends the Similarity"] 1976. Early ''People'' magazine article by Fred Hauptfuhrer.
* {{isfdb name|2362|name=Mary Stewart}}
* {{LCAuth|n79062771|Mary Stewart|57|}}

{{Mary Stewart}}
{{Agatha Award}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stewart, Mary}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:2014 deaths]]
[[Category:Writers of modern Arthurian fiction]]
[[Category:English fantasy writers]]
[[Category:English mystery writers]]
[[Category:English historical novelists]]
[[Category:English romantic fiction writers]]
[[Category:Agatha Award winners]]
[[Category:Alumni of St Hild's College, Durham]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century English women writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Sunderland]]
[[Category:British women short story writers]]
[[Category:British women science fiction and fantasy writers]]
[[Category:British women romantic fiction writers]]
[[Category:British women mystery writers]]
[[Category:English women novelists]]
[[Category:English short story writers]]
[[Category:British women historical novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century British short story writers]]