Editing Martinsburg, West Virginia

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name                     = Martinsburg
|settlement_type          = [[City (West Virginia)|City]]
|image_skyline            = MartinsburgWV HistoricDistrict.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = [[Downtown Martinsburg Historic District]]
|image_flag               = Flag of Martinsburg, West Virginia.svg
|image_seal               = Martinsburg, WV Seal.png
|nickname                 =
|image_map                = Berkeley County West Virginia Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Martinsburg Highlighted.svg
|map_caption          = Location of Martinsburg in Berkeley County, West Virginia
|pushpin_map              = West Virginia#USA
|pushpin_relief           = yes
|pushpin_label            = Martinsburg
|coordinates              = {{coord|39|27|13|N|77|59|44|W|region:US-WV_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in West Virginia|County]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[West Virginia]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Berkeley County, West Virginia|Berkeley]]
|established_date         = Circa December 17, 1987
<!-- Area -->
|government_type          =
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Kevin Knowles ([[West Virginia Democratic Party|D]]) <ref>{{cite web |title=KEVIN JAMES KNOWLES |url=https://voteref.com/voters/3ce5951a-1c80-41ee-9406-5e0eef464e75?obtained_at=2022-03-01 |website=Voteref |access-date=January 30, 2023}}</ref>
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_54.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 17.22
|area_total_sq_mi         = 6.65
|area_land_km2            = 17.17
|area_land_sq_mi          = 6.63
|area_water_km2           = 0.04
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.02
<!-- Population -->
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft             = 495
|population_total         = 18773
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021">{{cite web   |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=July 3, 2022}}</ref>
|population_density_km2   = 1016.31
|population_density_sq_mi = 2632.18
|population_est           = 18835
|pop_est_as_of            = 2019
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
|population_urban         = 43441
|population_metro         = 260,070 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|167th]])
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code              = 25401–25405
|area_code                = [[Area code 304|304]] 681
|website                  = [http://www.cityofmartinsburg.org/ City of Martinsburg]
|footnotes                =
|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset               = −5
|timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = −4
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 54-52060
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2390615<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2390615}}</ref>
}}

'''Martinsburg''' is a city in [[Berkeley County, West Virginia]], United States, and its [[county seat]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> The population was 18,773 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], making Martinsburg the largest city in the [[Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia]] and the [[List of municipalities in West Virginia|sixth-most populous city]] in the state. It is a principal city of the [[Hagerstown metropolitan area|Hagerstown–Martinsburg metropolitan area]] extending into [[Maryland]], which had 293,844 residents in 2020.

==History==
Martinsburg was established by an act<ref>{{cite web|title=An act for establishing the town of Martinsburg, in the County of Berkeley, and for other purposes|url=http://vagenweb.org/hening/vol09-26.htm|website=VAGenWeb|access-date=March 4, 2017|location=Vol. 9, Chapter XXXII}}</ref> of the Virginia General Assembly that was adopted in December 1778<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/journalofsenateo00invirg|title=Journal of the Senate of the Commonwealth of Virginia|year=1828|website=The Online Books Page|page=71|access-date=March 4, 2017}}</ref> during the American Revolutionary War. Founder Major General [[Adam Stephen]] named the gateway town to the [[Shenandoah Valley]] along [[Tuscarora Creek (Opequon Creek)|Tuscarora Creek]] in honor of Colonel [[Thomas Bryan Martin]], a nephew of [[Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Gannett|first=Henry|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ|year=1905|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n200 201]}}</ref>

[[Aspen Hall (Martinsburg, West Virginia)|Aspen Hall]], a Georgian mansion, is the oldest house in the city.{{citation needed|date=March 2023}} Part was built in 1745 by Edward Beeson, Sr. Aspen Hall, and its wealthy residents had key roles in the agricultural, religious, transportation, and political history of the region. Significant events related to the [[French and Indian War]], the Revolution, and the Civil War took place on the property. Three original buildings are still standing, including the rare blockhouse of Mendenhall's Fort.

The first United States post office in what is now West Virginia was established at Martinsburg in 1792. At that time, Martinsburg and the larger territory were still part of [[Virginia]].

The [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] (B&O) reached Martinsburg in 1842. The [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops]] were constructed in 1849 and rebuilt after the American Civil War.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

According to [[William Still]], "The Father of the [[Underground Railroad]]" and its historian:  Mr Robert Brown, alias Thomas Jones, escaped from slavery in Martinsburg on Christmas night in 1856. He rode a horse and had it swim across the freezing Potomac River. After riding forty miles, he walked in cold wet clothes for two days, to [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]]. He received assistance there from the Underground Railroad and traveled by train to [[Philadelphia]], and the office of William Still with the [[Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society]]. Brown's wife and four children had been sold; he sought help to find them. He had a likeness of his wife, and locks of hair from each of them.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} <!--Still wrote a history of the Underground Railroad -->

===Civil war===
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2020}}
[[File:Baltimore and Ohio employees magazine (1912) (14575208137).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]]'s Martinsburg Shops three years before the Civil War]]
In 1854, ten-year-old [[Belle Boyd|Isabelle Boyd]], known as "Belle" and later a noted spy for the Confederacy, moved to Martinsburg with her family, where her father Benjamin operated a general merchandise store. After the Civil War began, Benjamin joined the Second Virginia Infantry, which was part of the Stonewall Brigade. His wife Mary was thus in charge of the Boyd home when Union forces under General [[Robert Patterson]] took Martinsburg. When a group of Patterson's men tried to raise a Union flag over the Boyd home, Mary refused. One of the soldiers, Frederick Martin, threatened Mary, and Belle shot him. She was acquitted.

She soon became involved in espionage, sending information to Confederate generals [[Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson]] and [[J.E.B. Stuart|J.E.B. "Jeb" Stuart]]. Often she was helped by Eliza Corsey, a Boyd family slave whom Belle had taught to read and write. In 1863, Belle was arrested in Martinsburg by the Union Army and imprisoned. Boyd's Greek Revival home, which he had built in 1853 and sold in 1855, had numerous owners over the decades. In 1992 it was purchased by the Berkeley County Historical Society. The historical society renovated the building and now operates it as the Berkeley County Museum. It is also known as the Belle Boyd House.

===Reconstruction===
Residents of West Virginia were split in their allegiance during the war, with half of its soldiers serving in the Confederate army.<ref>Snell, Mark A., ''West Virginia and the Civil War'', History Press, 2011, pg. 28, {{ISBN|978-1-59629-888-0}}</ref> The vote to create a new state in western Virginia was very low, but statehood was approved by Congress and President Lincoln, and the new state was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/statehood/statehood10.html |title=Chapter Ten Statehood Referendum |access-date=March 3, 2020 |archive-date=May 18, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518153656/http://www.wvculture.org/History/statehood/statehood10.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The city of Martinsburg was incorporated by an act of the new [[West Virginia Legislature]] on March 30, 1868.
[[File:Harpers 8 11 1877 Blockade of Engines at Martinsburg W VA.jpg|thumb|Blockade of engines during the [[Great Railroad Strike of 1877]]]]
Martinsburg became a center of the railroad industry and its workers. The [[Great Railroad Strike of 1877]] began July 14, 1877, in this city at the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://martinsburgroundhouse.com/|title=Martinsburg Roundhouse – 304-260-4141|website=martinsburgroundhouse.com|language=en-US|access-date=March 5, 2017}}</ref> After several unsuccessful attempts to quell the protests, Governor [[Henry M. Mathews]] called for federal troops. By the time these troops had restored order, the protest of the rail company had spread across the country.<ref name="Bellesiles">{{Cite book |last=Bellesiles |first=Michael A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rf4q5LjLbHIC&pg=PA149 |title=1877: America's Year of Living Violently |date=2010 |publisher=New Press |isbn=978-1-59558-441-0 |language=en}}</ref>

Telephone service was established in Martinsburg in 1883. In 1889, electricity began to be furnished to Martinsburg as part of a franchise granted to the United Edison Manufacturing Company of New York.{{Citation needed|date=March 2020}}

The Interwoven Mills began operations in Martinsburg in 1891.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/863|title=Interwoven Mills|last=Jenrette|first=Jerra|website=e-WV}}</ref>

Construction of the Apollo Civic Theatre was completed in 1913.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apollocivictheatre.org/about/|title=About|website=Apollo Civic Theatre|language=en-US|access-date=March 30, 2020}}</ref>

===World War I and beyond===
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2020}}
[[File:3 B&O Freight Train Photos at Martinsburg, W. VA. (27437398010).jpg|thumb|An engineer waves from a passing B&O freight train in 1969. The B&O's shops employed many locals throughout its 130 years of operation.]]
Over one thousand (1,039) men from Berkeley County participated in World War I. Of these, forty-one were killed, and twenty-one were wounded in battle. A monument to those who fell in battle was erected in Martinsburg in 1925.

During World War II, the Newton D. Baker Hospital in Martinsburg treated thousands of soldiers wounded in the war. In 1946 this military hospital became a part of the [[Veterans Administration]] (VA). The VA Medical Center in Martinsburg still provides care to United States veterans.

Due to restructuring beginning in the late 1940s and continuing through the 1970s, many of the mills and factories operating in Martinsburg shut down and went out of business, dealing a major blow to the local economy. Jobs were moved to the Deep South and later offshore.

==Geography==

===Location and topography===
Martinsburg is approximately {{convert|18|mi}} southwest of [[Hagerstown, Maryland|Hagerstown]], {{convert|73|mi}} west of [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]], {{convert|63|mi}} northwest of [[Washington, D.C.]], and {{convert|134|mi}} east of [[Morgantown, West Virginia|Morgantown]]. [[U.S. Route 11 in West Virginia|U.S. Route 11]] runs through the center of town, and [[Interstate 81 in West Virginia|Interstate 81]] passes along the northern side of the town.

Martinsburg is {{convert|212|mi}} distant from the state capital of Charleston.  However, it is closer to no less than '''five''' other state capitals: Harrisburg PA - {{convert|80|mi}}, Annapolis MD - {{convert|85|mi}}, Dover DE - {{convert|132|mi}}, Richmond VA - {{convert|135|mi}}, and Trenton NJ - {{convert|179|mi}}.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|6.67|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|6.65|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 24, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

===Climate===
Martinsburg lies in the transitional area between  [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'') and [[Humid continental climate|humid continental climatic zones]] (Köppen ''Dfa''), with four distinct seasons. Winters are cool to cold, with a January daily mean temperature of {{convert|32.4|°F|1}} and an average annual snowfall of {{convert|26.1|in|cm}}, while summers are hot and humid with a July daily mean temperature of {{convert|75.7|°F|1}} and 27 days of {{convert|90|°F}}+ readings annually. Precipitation is moderate, with winter being the driest period and May thru July the wettest. Extreme temperatures at [[Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport]] range from {{convert|−18|°F|0}} on January 21, 1994, up to {{convert|112|°F|0}} on July 11, 1936; an even colder {{convert|−19|°F|0}} was recorded in the city on January 14, 1912.

{{Weather box
|location = Martinsburg, West Virginia (Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport), 1991−2020 normals,{{efn|Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.}} extremes 1891−present{{efn|Records have been kept at Eastern WV Regional Airport since 1926.}}
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 80
|Feb record high F = 83
|Mar record high F = 90
|Apr record high F = 101
|May record high F = 100
|Jun record high F = 110
|Jul record high F = 112
|Aug record high F = 108
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 98
|Nov record high F = 86
|Dec record high F = 78
|year record high F = 112
|Jan avg record high F = 64.0
|Feb avg record high F = 65.9
|Mar avg record high F = 76.0
|Apr avg record high F = 85.1
|May avg record high F = 89.7
|Jun avg record high F = 93.8
|Jul avg record high F = 96.6
|Aug avg record high F = 94.3
|Sep avg record high F = 90.6
|Oct avg record high F = 83.6
|Nov avg record high F = 73.7
|Dec avg record high F = 64.7
|year avg record high F = 97.4
|Jan high F = 41.3
|Feb high F = 44.7
|Mar high F = 53.5
|Apr high F = 65.4
|May high F = 74.0
|Jun high F = 82.4
|Jul high F = 86.9
|Aug high F = 85.0
|Sep high F = 78.1
|Oct high F = 66.7
|Nov high F = 55.1
|Dec high F = 44.8
|year high F = 64.8
|Jan mean F = 32.4
|Feb mean F = 35.0
|Mar mean F = 42.8
|Apr mean F = 53.6
|May mean F = 62.5
|Jun mean F = 71.1
|Jul mean F = 75.7
|Aug mean F = 73.8
|Sep mean F = 66.7
|Oct mean F = 55.2
|Nov mean F = 44.6
|Dec mean F = 36.0
|year mean F = 54.1
|Jan low F = 23.5
|Feb low F = 25.3
|Mar low F = 32.2
|Apr low F = 41.8
|May low F = 51.0
|Jun low F = 59.8
|Jul low F = 64.5
|Aug low F = 62.5
|Sep low F = 55.3
|Oct low F = 43.7
|Nov low F = 34.2
|Dec low F = 27.1
|year low F = 43.4
|Jan avg record low F = 4.3
|Feb avg record low F = 9.5
|Mar avg record low F = 15.5
|Apr avg record low F = 27.2
|May avg record low F = 36.6
|Jun avg record low F = 46.7
|Jul avg record low F = 53.7
|Aug avg record low F = 52.2
|Sep avg record low F = 41.3
|Oct avg record low F = 29.2
|Nov avg record low F = 19.3
|Dec avg record low F = 12.0
|year avg record low F = 2.1
|Jan record low F = −19
|Feb record low F = −13
|Mar record low F = −3
|Apr record low F = 19
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 36
|Jul record low F = 41
|Aug record low F = 38
|Sep record low F = 29
|Oct record low F = 17
|Nov record low F = 6
|Dec record low F = −12
|year record low F = -19
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.60
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.14
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.42
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.36
|May precipitation inch = 4.05
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.85
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.78
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.02
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.03
|Oct precipitation inch = 2.99
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.73
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.00
|year precipitation inch = 38.97
|Jan snow inch = 9.0
|Feb snow inch = 7.2
|Mar snow inch = 4.6
|Apr snow inch = 0.4
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.0
|Nov snow inch = 1.1
|Dec snow inch = 3.8
|year snow inch = 26.1
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 10.0
|Feb precipitation days = 8.9
|Mar precipitation days = 11.0
|Apr precipitation days = 11.0
|May precipitation days = 13.0
|Jun precipitation days = 11.3
|Jul precipitation days = 10.6
|Aug precipitation days = 9.1
|Sep precipitation days = 9.4
|Oct precipitation days = 9.0
|Nov precipitation days = 8.5
|Dec precipitation days = 9.5
|year precipitation days = 121.3
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 3.7
|Feb snow days = 2.1
|Mar snow days = 1.7
|Apr snow days = 0.2
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.5
|Dec snow days = 2.1
|year snow days = 10.3
|source 1 = [[NOAA]] (snow 1981–2010)<ref name= "NWS Baltimore/Washington">{{cite web
| url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lwx
| title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 13, 2021}}</ref><ref name="NOAA KMRB">
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013734&format=pdf
| title = Station: Martinsburg E WV RGNL AP, WV
| work = U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00013734&format=pdf
| title = Station: Martinsburg Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport, WV
| work = U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1981-2010)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = June 13, 2021}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 2190
|1860= 3364
|1870= 4863
|1880= 6335
|1890= 7226
|1900= 7564
|1910= 10698
|1920= 12515
|1930= 14857
|1940= 15063
|1950= 15621
|1960= 15179
|1970= 14626
|1980= 13063
|1990= 14073
|2000= 14972
|2010= 17227
|2020= 18773
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021"/>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|author-link=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 27, 2013}}</ref>
}}

=== 2020 census ===
As of the [[census]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=|publisher=United States Census|title=QuickFacts Martinsburg city, West Virginia|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/martinsburgcitywestvirginia#qf-headnote-a|access-date=January 20, 2022|website=US Census Bureau QuickFacts}}</ref> of 2020, there were 18,777 people residing in the city, living in 7,179 total households. The [[population density]] was 2,591.7 inhabitants per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 79.9% [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 13.9% [[African American]], 0.1% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 1.3% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.0% [[Pacific Islander]], and 3.1% two or more races. [[Hispanic]] or [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] of any race was 4.8% of the population.

The median household income (in 2019 dollars) was $42,835. The per capita income was $24,970. 29.5% of the population is recorded as being in poverty. 88.5% of households had a computer, with 77.9% having access to broadband internet.

=== 2010 census ===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 24, 2013}}</ref> of 2010, there were 17,227 people, 7,293 households, and 4,106 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|2590.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 8,408 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1264.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 77.5% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 14.9% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.4% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 2.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 3.7% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 6.2% of the population.

There were 7,293 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.7% were non-families. Of all households, 35.4% were made up of individuals, and 12.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 37 years. 23.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.3% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 13.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 14,972 people, 6,684 households, and 3,689 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,977.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 7,432 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,478.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 83.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 11.6% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.4% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.9% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.3%% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.9% of the population.

There were 6,684 households, out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 37.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,495, and the median income for a family was $36,954. Males had a median income of $29,697 versus $22,212 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,314. About 14.7% of families and 20.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 28.8% of those under age 18 and 15.1% of those age 65 or over.

== Economy ==
[[File:2016-08-25 14 11 33 The Berkeley County Courthouse on U.S. Route 11 (King Street) in Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia.jpg|thumb|Berkeley County Courthouse]]
Major private employers in and around Martinsburg include [[Quad/Graphics]], [[Ecolab]], Orgill, [[Macy's]], and [[FedEx]]. In February 2015, it was announced that [[Procter & Gamble]] planned to build a $500 million facility near the city.<ref>{{cite web | title = Procter & Gamble to bring $500M plant to Berkeley County | website = [[The Journal (West Virginia newspaper)|The Journal]] | date = February 10, 2015 | url = http://www.journal-news.net/page/content.detail/id/628168/Procter---Gamble-to-bring--500M-plant-to-Berkeley-County.html?nav=5281 | access-date = February 10, 2015}}</ref>

The city also has numerous federal government employers, including the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (IRS), [[U.S. Coast Guard]] C5ISC-Kearneysville, [[U.S. Coast Guard]] National Maritime Center, [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives]], and the [[Veterans Health Administration|Martinsburg VA Medical Center]].

The Martinsburg IRS Facility, one of the two Enterprise Computing Centers of the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (the other is in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]), processes most of the country's electronically filed tax documents from [[business]]es, and about one-third of electronically filed [[tax return (United States)|tax return]]s.

The area is also home to the [[167th Airlift Wing]] of the [[West Virginia Air National Guard]], based in [[Eastern WV Regional Airport]].

Martinsburg had its own automobile company from 1912 to 1922, called Norwalk, which assembled the longest-made known cars to be built in the state of West Virginia.<ref>
[http://www.wvculture.org/goldenseal/summer03/norwalk.html The Norwalk: Martinsburg's Motor Car<!-- Bot generated title -->]
</ref>

== Sports ==
Major League Baseball Hall of Famer<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baseballhall.org/hof/wilson-hack|title=Hack Wilson|website=National Baseball Hall of Fame|access-date=March 5, 2017}}</ref> [[Hack Wilson]] began his storied professional career in his adopted hometown with the [[Martinsburg Blue Sox]], a low-level minor-league baseball team. Wilson would go on to set the yet-to-be-broken major league record for RBI in a season (191) with the [[Chicago Cubs]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chicago.cubs.mlb.com/chc/history/chc_feature_wilson.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205145856/http://chicago.cubs.mlb.com/chc/history/chc_feature_wilson.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 5, 2007|title=Lewis Robert "Hack" Wilson (1926-31)|website=Chicago Cubs|access-date=March 5, 2017}}</ref> in 1930.

After his playing career ended in 1935, Hack went back home to Martinsburg, played some ball with the town's semipro team and opened a recreation and pool hall in town with a partner. He later moved to Baltimore in 1941 where he later died November 23, 1948. Originally scheduled to be interred in Baltimore, Wilson was buried — in a donated plot — in Martinsburg,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/e2c5ebeb#footnote25_stswoq4|title=Hack Wilson|website=Society for American Baseball Research|author1=Thomas E Schott|access-date=March 5, 2017}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Martinsburg High School entrance WV 2022-08-06 10-49-16.jpg|thumb|[[Martinsburg High School]]]]

===Elementary and intermediate schools===
* Rocky Knoll Adventist School
* Back Creek Valley Elementary
* Bedington Elementary
* Berkeley Heights Elementary
* Bunker Hill Elementary
* Burke Street Elementary
* Gerrardstown Elementary
* Hedgesville Elementary
* Inwood Elementary
* Marlowe Elementary
* Opequon Elementary
* Rosemont Elementary
* Spring Mills Elementary
* Tuscarora Elementary
* Valley View Elementary
* Winchester Avenue Elementary
* Mountain Ridge Intermediate
* Potomac Intermediate
* Orchard View Intermediate
* Mill Creek Intermediate
* Eagle School Intermediate
* Tomahawk Intermediate
* St. Joseph Catholic School

===Middle schools===
* North Middle
* South Middle
* Spring Mills Middle
* Hedgesville Middle
* Mountain Ridge Middle
* Musselman Middle

===High schools===
* [[Martinsburg High School]]
* [[Musselman High School]]
* [[Hedgesville High School]]
* [[Spring Mills High School]]

===Colleges and universities===
* [[Blue Ridge Community and Technical College]], Martinsburg
* [[James Rumsey Technical Institute]], Martinsburg
* [[Shepherd University]]-Martinsburg
* Valley College of Technology, Martinsburg Campus

==Media==

===Print===
Martinsburg has one daily community newspaper, [[The Journal (West Virginia newspaper)|''The Journal'']] and also is regionally covered by ''[[The Herald-Mail]]'' out of [[Hagerstown, Maryland]]. Martinsburg has a bi-monthly magazine, ''Around the Panhandle'' magazine.

===Radio===
The city is home to [[WEPM|WEPM/1340 AM]], [[WRNR (AM)|WRNR/740 AM]], [[WICL|WICL/95.9 FM]], [[WLTF|WLTF/97.5 FM]], and [[WVEP|WVEP/88.9 FM]] radio stations.

===Television===
Martinsburg is home to W08EE-D Channel 8 ([[West Virginia Public Broadcasting]]) and [[WWPX]] 60 ([[ION Television|ION]]), all part of the [[Hagerstown, Maryland|Hagerstown]] sub-market that is further grouped under the Nielsen-designated Washington, D.C.-Hagerstown, Md. market, the ninth largest market in the nation.<ref>[http://www.nielsen.com/pdf/2008_09_DMA_Ranks.pdf Local Television Market Universe Estimates], Nielsen, September 27, 2008. Retrieved November 2, 2008.</ref>

Martinsburg was the setting of the ''[[The X-Files|X-Files]]'' episode "[[Small Potatoes (The X-Files)|Small Potatoes]]" (Season 4, episode 20). However, the filming did not take place in the vicinity. Martinsburg was also the setting for the [[reality television]] series ''[[Gypsy Sisters]]'' on ''[[TLC (TV network)|TLC]]''.

==Transportation==
===Roads and highways===
[[File:2019-07-10 10 10 43 View south along Interstate 81 from the overpass for Berkeley County Route 15 (King Street) in Martinsburg, Berkeley County, West Virginia.jpg|thumb|right|I-81 southbound in Martinsburg]]
Martinsburg is served by several significant highways. The most prominent of these is [[Interstate 81 in West Virginia|Interstate 81]], which is the main north–south highway through the region. I-81 connects northward to [[Hagerstown, Maryland|Hagerstown]] and [[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]], and continues southward to [[Winchester, Virginia|Winchester]] and [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke]]. [[U.S. Route 11 in West Virginia|U.S. Route 11]], the former primary regional north–south highway, now serves as a local service road to I-81, and travels through downtown Martinsburg. The main highway serving regional east–west travel is [[West Virginia Route 9]]. From Martinsburg eastwards, WV 9 follows an expressway, connecting the city to [[Charles Town, West Virginia|Charles Town]] and [[Leesburg, Virginia|Leesburg]]. WV 9 follows US 11 through downtown Martinsburg. To the west, WV 9 continues to [[Berkeley Springs, West Virginia|Berkeley Springs]] and [[Paw Paw, West Virginia|Paw Paw]]. [[West Virginia Route 45]] is the other state highway serving Martinsburg. WV 45 extends westward into rural areas of western Berkeley County, and continues eastward to [[Shepherdstown, West Virginia|Shepherdstown]].

===Mass transportation===
[[File:Martinsburg roundhouse 220575.jpg|thumb|[[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Martinsburg Shops]]]]
{{See also|Martinsburg station}}

[[Amtrak]] provides service to Martinsburg on its Washington-Chicago ''[[Capitol Limited]]'' route. The city's passenger rail station is located downtown at 229 East Martin Street. [[MARC Train|MARC]], Maryland's commuter rail system, operates trains on weekdays on its {{lnl|MARC|Brunswick}} which terminates in Martinsburg. Service is provided to [[Washington Union Station]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]

Eastern Panhandle Transit Authority (EPTA) operates public bus transit routes in Martinsburg, surrounding Berkeley County, and neighboring [[Jefferson County, West Virginia]].<ref>[https://www.eptawv.com/ EPTA]</ref>

[[Eastern WV Regional Airport]], south of the city, handles general aviation and [[Shepherd Field Air National Guard Base]] is located at this airport. The closest airport with commercial air service is [[Hagerstown Regional Airport]], that is about {{convert|25|mi|km}} driving distance north. The closest international airport is [[Washington Dulles International Airport]] near D.C., which is about {{convert|60|mi|km}} driving distance east.

==Healthcare==
Martinsburg is home to two hospitals, namely the Berkeley Medical Center and the Martinsburg [[Veterans Health Administration|Veterans Affairs Medical Center]].

==Notable people==
* [[Tyson Bagent]] — quarterback for the [[Chicago Bears]]
* [[Newton D. Baker]] — Secretary of War and [[Mayor of Cleveland]]
* [[Harold H. Bender]] (1882–1951) — professor of philology at [[Princeton University]]
* [[Charles Boarman (pioneer)|Charles Boarman]] (1828–1880) — physician
* [[Belle Boyd]] (1844–1900) —[[American Civil War spies|Confederate spy]] in the [[American Civil War]]
* [[Scott Bullett]] — former [[outfielder]] for the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Chicago Cubs]]
* [[Vicky Bullett]] — Olympic gold medalist in women's basketball
* [[Kathe Burkhart]] — artist, writer, feminist
* [[Summers Burkhart]] (1859–1932) — attorney
* [[Harry F. Byrd|Harry Flood Byrd — Sr.]], [[U.S. Senator]] and [[Governor of Virginia]]
* [[Danny Casolaro]] — allegedly committed suicide in Martinsburg
* [[Robert Lee Castleman]] — Grammy-winning singer/songwriter
* [[J.R. Clifford]] (1848-1933) — first African-American attorney in West Virginia
* [[Charles James Faulkner]] — [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] from West Virginia
* [[Karl Hess]] — former D.C. insider, relocated to the Martinsburg area in the 1970s
* [[Corey Hill]] — UFC fighter
* [[Michael Hite]] (born 1966) - state delegate
* [[Joseph Howard Hodges]] (1911–1985) — fifth Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Wheeling
* [[Charles Porterfield Krauth]] (1823–1883) — Lutheran theologian<ref>"Ensign Frazer, Hugh Carroll". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Retrieved 2014-August-23</ref>
* [[Edward F. McClain]] — member of the [[Wisconsin State Assembly]]
* [[Virginia Faulkner McSherry]] (1845-1916) - President-General of the [[United Daughters of the Confederacy]]
* [[Walter Dean Myers]] — author
* [[John Quincy Adams Nadenbousch]] — colonel in [[Confederate States Army]]
* [[Mary Elizabeth Price]] (1877–1965) — impressionist painter
* [[Ronald Radosh]] — author
* [[Absalom Willis Robertson]] — U.S. Senator from Virginia
* [[Christian Rose]] — racing driver
* [[Anthony Senecal]] — butler of [[Donald Trump]]
* [[Mary Ann Shaffer]] (1934–2008) — writer, editor, librarian
* [[David Hunter Strother]] (aka Porte Crayon) — artist
* [[Fulton Walker]] — former football player for the [[Miami Dolphins]]
* [[Trevon Wesco]] — tight end for the [[Tennessee Titans]]
* [[Garland Wilson]] (1909–1954) — jazz pianist
* [[Hack Wilson]] — Hall of Fame baseball player

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Martinsburg, West Virginia}}
{{EB1911 poster|Martinsburg}}
* {{wikivoyage inline|Martinsburg (West Virginia)|Martinsburg, West Virginia}}
* [http://cityofmartinsburg.org/ Official website]
* [http://www.berkeleycounty.org/ Martinsburg-Berkeley County Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Martinsburg_Virginia_During_the_Civil_War Martinsburg, Virginia, During the Civil War in ''Encyclopedia Virginia'']

{{EasternPanhandleWV Radio}}
{{Washington TV}}
{{Berkeley County, West Virginia}}
{{Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia}}
{{West Virginia municipalities}}
{{West Virginia}}
{{West Virginia county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Martinsburg, West Virginia| ]]
[[Category:Cities in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Cities in Berkeley County, West Virginia]]
[[Category:County seats in West Virginia]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1778]]
[[Category:1778 establishments in Virginia]]