Editing Marshfield, Wisconsin

{{other places}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Marshfield, Wisconsin
|settlement_type          = [[Administrative divisions of Wisconsin|City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
<!-- Images --------------->
|image_skyline            = Marshfield Central Ave Historical District.jpg
|imagesize                = 275px
|image_caption            = [[Marshfield Central Avenue Historic District]]
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
<!-- Maps ----------------->
|image_map                = Wood County Wisconsin Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Marshfield Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Marshfield, Wisconsin
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|pushpin_map              = Wisconsin#USA
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location within Wisconsin##Location within the United States
|pushpin_relief           = 1
|pushpin_label            = Marshfield
<!-- Location ------------->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Wisconsin]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Wisconsin|Counties]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Wood County, Wisconsin|Wood]], [[Marathon County, Wisconsin|Marathon]]
<!-- Government ----------->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Lois TeStrake
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = April 4, 1883
<!-- Area ----------------->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024">{{cite web|title=2024 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_gaz_place_55.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 35.814
|area_land_km2            = 35.744
|area_water_km2           = 0.071
|area_total_sq_mi         = 13.828
|area_land_sq_mi          = 13.801
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.027
<!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 18736
|pop_est_as_of            = 2023
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2023"/>
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
|population_total         = 18929
|population_density_km2   = 524.19
|population_density_sq_mi = 1357.67
|population_urban         = 19462<ref name="urban area">{{cite web|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications|title=2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications|publisher=United States Census Bureau|website=Federal Register|date=December 29, 2022}}</ref>
|population_metro         = 73939
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = –6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = –5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_m              = 392
|elevation_ft             = 1286
|coordinates              = {{coord|44|40|7.87|N|90|10|18.48|W|region:US-WI_type:city|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code              = 54449
|area_code                = [[Area codes 715 and 534|715 and 534]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 55-49675
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1569085<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1569085}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://www.ci.marshfield.wi.us/|ci.marshfield.wi.us}}
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Marshfield''' is a city in [[Wood County, Wisconsin|Wood]] and [[Marathon County, Wisconsin|Marathon]] counties in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Wisconsin]]. The population was 18,929 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]];<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Marshfield_city,_Wisconsin?g=160XX00US5549675 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref> of this, 18,119 were in Wood County and 810 were in Marathon County. It is a principal city of the Marshfield–[[Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin|Wisconsin Rapids]] [[micropolitan statistical area]], which includes all of Wood County and had a population of 74,207 in 2020.

It is located at the intersection of [[U.S. Highway 10]], [[Highway 13 (Wisconsin)|Highway 13]] and [[Highway 97 (Wisconsin)|Highway 97]]. Marshfield is home to the [[Marshfield Clinic]], a large healthcare system that serves much of Central, Northern, and Western Wisconsin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marshfieldclinic.org/about-us|title=About Us|publisher=Marshfieldclinic.org|access-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.marshfieldnewsherald.com/story/news/2016/12/21/whats-marshfield-clinics-next-100-years/95429266/|title=What's in Marshfield Clinic's next 100 years?|work=News-Herald Media|access-date=January 12, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Central Wisconsin State Fair.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The [[World's Largest Round Barn]] was built in 1916 and is part of the grounds for the annual [[Central Wisconsin State Fair]]]]

In 1851 and 1853, when the area was still forested, [[Surveying|surveyors]] working for the U.S. government marked all the [[Section (United States land surveying)|section corners]] in the {{convert|6|by|6|mi}} square which now includes Marshfield, [[Hewitt, Wood County, Wisconsin|Hewitt]], and [[Cameron, Wood County, Wisconsin|Cameron]], working on foot with [[compass]] and [[Gunter's chain|chain]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Land Survey Information|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/SurveyNotes/SurveyInfo.html|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=18 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Field Notes for T25N R3E|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/SurveyNotes/SurveyNotes-idx?type=PLSS&town=T025N&range=R003E|work=Original Field Notes and Plat Maps, 1833-1866|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=March 18, 2011}}</ref> When done, the deputy surveyor filed this general description:
<blockquote>''This [[Survey township|Township]] is nearly all Dry land, there being no Swamp of consequence in it. There being too much clay & rocks in it. Particularly that part which contains [[Fir]] & [[Tsuga canadensis|Hemlock]]. The surface is rough & uneven(?) and rather to flat for anything but meadow. There is some good [[Eastern White Pine|Pine]] it but too much scattering to make it an object. The Township is well watered with small streams but none of them are of sufficient size for [[Watermill|Milling]] purposes. The streams are lined with [[Alder]] & many of them producing good [[hay]]. There are no improvements in this Township.''<ref>{{cite web|last=Wright|first=O. J.|title=Interior Field Notes (October 1853)|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/SurveyNotes/SurveyNotes-idx?type=article&byte=2106976&twp=T025NR003E|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=March 18, 2011}}</ref></blockquote>

Marshfield was settled much later than many surrounding towns. DuBay started his trading post {{convert|40|mi}} east on the [[Wisconsin River]] around 1818.<ref>{{cite web|last=Perret|first=Maurice|title=Origins of Portage County|url=http://www.pchswi.org/archives/townships/origins.html|publisher=Portage County Historical Society|access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref> A sawmill was built at [[Nekoosa, Wisconsin|Nekoosa]] in 1832.<ref>{{cite web|last=Taylor|first=T. A.|title=100 Years of Pictorial & Descriptive History of Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin|url=http://www.mcmillanlibrary.org/taylor/sketch_part1.html|access-date=March 19, 2011}}</ref> A sawmill was built at [[Neillsville, Wisconsin|Neillsville]] around 1847.<ref>{{cite book|last=Curtiss-Wedge|first=Franklin|title=History of Clark County Wisconsin|year=1918|publisher=H.C. Cooper Jr & Co.|location=Chicago & Winona|pages=37|url=http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wch&CISOPTR=21093&REC=3}}</ref> The first building at Marshfield came in 1872.<ref name="Kleiman">{{cite book|editor-last=Kleiman|editor-first=Jeff|title=The Marshfield Story 1872-1997|year=1997–2000|publisher=Marshfield History Project|location=Amherst, Wisconsin}}</ref>

In 1872 the [[Wisconsin Central Railway (1897–1954)|Wisconsin Central Railway]] was building the leg of its line from [[Stevens Point, Wisconsin|Stevens Point]] through the forest to what would become [[Colby, Wisconsin|Colby]], heading north for [[Lake Superior]]. The railway needed a supply depot between those two towns, and Marshfield was about midway. At the railroad's request, Louis Rivers, his wife and child, and his brother Frank came to the area and started cutting an opening in the forest. They built a two-room log hotel at what is now the corner of Depot and Chestnut streets, with bunks in the west room and tables, benches, bar and store in the east room. That crude building between the stumps was the first permanent structure in Marshfield.<ref name="Kleiman"/>

Marshfield's name is explained two ways. It might have been named for John J. Marsh, one of the original owners of land in the area.<ref name=source>Kleiman, et al, p. 158.</ref><ref>Jones' 1923 "History of Wood County" says the name was John Marshfield, but the more recent "Marshfield Story" says Marsh in several places, which seems more trustworthy.</ref> Marshfield might also have been named after [[Marshfield, Massachusetts]], since the Wisconsin Central Railway was financed with money from Massachusetts and other stops along the WC's line were named after towns in Massachusetts, including [[Amherst, Wisconsin|Amherst]], [[Medford, Wisconsin|Medford]] and [[Chelsea, Wisconsin|Chelsea]].<ref name=source/>

The first industry was a [[barrel|stave]] and [[spoke]] factory located near the railroad.<ref name=Jones>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=George O.|title=History of Wood County Wisconsin|year=1923|publisher=H. C. Cooper Jr. & Co.|location=Minneapolis – Winona|pages=180|url=http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/wch&CISOPTR=39243&REC=2|author2=Norman S. McVean|display-authors=etal}}</ref> In 1878 [[William H. Upham]], a "[[Yankee]]" migrant of [[English American|English descent]] from [[Massachusetts]] and later governor of Wisconsin,<ref>[http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_wisconsin/col2-content/main-content-list/title_upham_william.html "Wisconsin Governor William H. Upham"]. NGA.org.</ref> built a [[sawmill]] near the railway, with a [[millpond]]. By 1885 he had added a [[general store]], a [[planing mill]], a furniture factory and a flour and feed mill. Other businesses started, too: an alcohol factory, hotels, saloons, stores, newspapers, [[blacksmith]], and a [[Hat|milliner]]. There were also churches and schools. The city was [[Municipal corporation|incorporated]] in 1883.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.mcmillanlibrary.org/files/docs/placenames.pdf|title=Wood County Place Names|publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press|author=Rudolph, Robert S.| year=1970|pages=50}}</ref> By 1885 the population exceeded 2,000, ranging from the Uphams in their fine [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] homes to laborers living in shacks along the railroad.<ref name="Kleiman"/>

In 1887, a fire started and got out of control. On June 27, after a dry three weeks, a fire broke out among the drying piles in the Upham mill's lumberyard, ignited by a spark from a train. The fire spread, consuming the sawmill and flour mill, and headed south into homes and the business district. Men tried to stop the inferno, even dynamiting stores to create a fire break, but the updraft lifted embers and dropped them onto more buildings. When it was over, 250 buildings were destroyed, but there were no deaths. The next day, Upham announced he would rebuild his businesses. Neighbors in [[Stevens Point, Wisconsin|Stevens Point]], [[Spencer, Wisconsin|Spencer]] and [[Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin|Wisconsin Rapids]] sent trainloads of supplies. The city ruled that buildings on Central should henceforth be built from brick,<ref name="Kleiman"/> even though Marshfield had been largely built on wealth generated by lumber.

The late 1800s saw a burst of railroad building. In 1872 the Wisconsin Central built the first line through town. In 1887 Upham Manufacturing started a line south from town to haul logs from [[Cameron, Wood County, Wisconsin|Cameron]] and [[Richfield, Wood County, Wisconsin|Richfield]]. In 1890 a line to Neillsville was built. In 1891 a line was built from Centralia (now Wisconsin Rapids), another was built to [[Greenwood, Wisconsin|Greenwood]], and a third from [[Wausau, Wisconsin|Wausau]] to Marshfield came from the north. In 1901 a second line was built from Wisconsin Rapids to Marshfield. In 1903 38 passenger trains stopped daily in Marshfield.<ref>Kleiman, pp. 106–110.</ref> So many tracks intersected in the community that Marshfield was nicknamed "Hub City".

[[Image:Roddis House Marshfield Wisconsin.jpg|thumb|The Hamilton and Catherine Roddis House was built in 1914.]]

The hub was also agricultural. Dairying began to organize as [[Cheesemaker|cheese factories]] started up, such as the one at [[Nasonville, Wisconsin|Nasonville]] in 1885. Roddis and then Blum Brothers made wooden cheese boxes in Marshfield. By 1921 the Blum plant was making 3,500 boxes a day.<ref name="Kleiman, p 25">Kleiman, p. 25.</ref> In 1907 the first cold storage plant was built in town, to store local cheese before shipping it by rail to larger markets.<ref>Kleiman, p. 12.</ref> Ice cream factories followed,<ref>Kleiman, p. 18.</ref> and processing of eggs, chickens, and liquid milk. In 1923 a spokesman for the [[Soo Line Railroad]] said that Marshfield shipped more dairy products than any other city in the United States.<ref name="Kleiman, p 25"/>

St. Joseph's Hospital began with six beds in 1890. Operated by the [[Sisters of the Sorrowful Mother]], it offered early health insurance.  Lumbermen could pay a flat rate, and in exchange St. Joseph's would care for them in case of injury. In 1916, six local doctors formed a [[Group medical practice in the United States|group practice]] clinic in the second story of the Thiel building downtown, calling themselves [[Marshfield Clinic]].<ref>Kleiman, pp. 13-14.</ref>

[[German American|German immigrants]] made up two-thirds of Marshfield's population in the 1890s. One of the two early newspapers, ''Die Demokrat'', was published in German.<ref>Kleiman, p. 8.</ref>  Many had family back in Germany as World War I approached, and had mixed sympathies.<ref>Kleiman, pp. 14-15.</ref>  In one of Marshfield's old Victorian houses, a once-hidden [[Wallpaper|paper]]-hanger's signature boasts, "...1917, when the Germans licked the World."<ref>Kleiman, p. 500.</ref> Feelings were again mixed during World War II.<ref>Kleiman, pp. 60-61.</ref>  In the summer of 1945, 243 German [[Prisoner of war|POWs]] were brought in to fill a labor shortage at the canning factory north of the current Wildwood Park.<ref>Kleiman, p. 69.</ref>

Woodworking and building continued long after the pines were cut. During World War II, Roddis Lumber and Veneer, which produced [[plywood]] and other composites, was "the [[Allies of World War II|Allies']] largest pre-fabricator of wood for [[Liberty ship]]s".{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} Felker Brothers also produced components for the Liberty ships. The Frey brothers started building Rollohomes in 1947 and were followed by other manufacturers of [[mobile home|mobile]] and [[modular home|modular]] homes.<ref>Kleiman, pp. 70-71.</ref> With the consolidation of [[Dairy farming|dairy farms]] and the [[late-2000s recession]], some of these industries have contracted, and the medical complex has expanded.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} [[Roehl Transport]] has also become a large enterprise.<ref>{{cite web|title=City of Marshfield Economic Profile|url=http://ci.marshfield.wi.us/planning/handler.aspx?file_id=1018|publisher=City of Marshfield|access-date=February 18, 2012|year=c. 2005}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.roehl.jobs/ | title=Roehl Transport Truck Driving Jobs & CDL Training}}</ref>  Around 2011 three new plants opened on the east side of town to process sand for [[hydraulic fracturing]] of oil and gas wells.<ref>{{cite news|last=Welter|first=Liz|title=Frac sand mining begins in Marshfield amid mixed outlook|url=http://www.wausaudailyherald.com/article/20120114/CWS03/301140087/Frac-sand-mining-begins-Marshfield-amid-mixed-outlook|access-date=February 17, 2012|newspaper=Wausau Daily Herald|date=January 14, 2012}}</ref>

==Geography==
Marshfield is located at {{Coord|44|40|7.87|N|90|10|18.48|W|type:city}} (44.6688524, -90.1717987).,<ref name=gnis/> sitting on a low ridge called the [[Wood County, Wisconsin#Geography|Marshfield moraine]] by geologists.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Clayton |first=Lee |title=Pleistocene Geology of Wood County, Wisconsin |url=http://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org/gis.htm |journal=Information Circular 68 |year=1991 |issn=0512-0640 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722195534/http://wisconsingeologicalsurvey.org/gis.htm |archive-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|13.828|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|13.801|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.027|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024"/> Most of the city (all south of McMillan Street) lies in Wood County; some smaller sections north of McMillan lie in Marathon County.<ref>{{cite book|title=Wisconsin Atlas and Gazetteer|date=1999|publisher=DeLorme|location=Yarmouth, Maine|page=63|edition=Sixth}}</ref>

{{wide image|Marshfield, Wisconsin 2.jpg|475px||100%|center|alt=Marshfield, Wisconsin}}

===Climate===
The [[Köppen climate classification]] subtype for the climate of Marshfield is "[[Humid continental climate|Dfb]]". (Warm Summer Continental Climate).<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=54037&cityname=Marshfield%2C+Wisconsin%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary]</ref>

{{Weather box
|location = Marshfield, Wisconsin, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1912–present
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high F = 55
|Feb record high F = 59
|Mar record high F = 80
|Apr record high F = 91
|May record high F = 105
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 104
|Aug record high F = 102
|Sep record high F = 98
|Oct record high F = 90
|Nov record high F = 80
|Dec record high F = 63
|Jan avg record high F = 41.6
|Feb avg record high F = 46.8
|Mar avg record high F = 61.6
|Apr avg record high F = 76.2
|May avg record high F = 84.0
|Jun avg record high F = 88.8
|Jul avg record high F = 90.1
|Aug avg record high F = 88.9
|Sep avg record high F = 85.4
|Oct avg record high F = 77.4
|Nov avg record high F = 60.8
|Dec avg record high F = 45.8
|year avg record high F = 92.2
|Jan high F = 22.7
|Feb high F = 27.0
|Mar high F = 39.5
|Apr high F = 53.4
|May high F = 66.2
|Jun high F = 75.7
|Jul high F = 80.0
|Aug high F = 77.8
|Sep high F = 70.1
|Oct high F = 56.7
|Nov high F = 40.8
|Dec high F = 27.7
|year high F = 
|Jan mean F = 14.3
|Feb mean F = 17.8
|Mar mean F = 29.9
|Apr mean F = 43.0
|May mean F = 55.7
|Jun mean F = 65.5
|Jul mean F = 69.7
|Aug mean F = 67.5
|Sep mean F = 59.3
|Oct mean F = 46.7
|Nov mean F = 32.9
|Dec mean F = 20.3
|year mean F = 
|Jan low F = 5.9
|Feb low F = 8.6
|Mar low F = 20.3
|Apr low F = 32.6
|May low F = 45.2
|Jun low F = 55.3
|Jul low F = 59.3
|Aug low F = 57.2
|Sep low F = 48.6
|Oct low F = 36.7
|Nov low F = 24.9
|Dec low F = 12.9
|year low F = 
|Jan avg record low F = -16.0
|Feb avg record low F = -11.5
|Mar avg record low F = -1.5
|Apr avg record low F = 19.3
|May avg record low F = 31.0
|Jun avg record low F = 41.7
|Jul avg record low F = 49.0
|Aug avg record low F = 46.8
|Sep avg record low F = 34.1
|Oct avg record low F = 23.8
|Nov avg record low F = 8.8
|Dec avg record low F = -8.5
|year avg record low F = -18.9
|Jan record low F = -37
|Feb record low F = -33
|Mar record low F = -28
|Apr record low F = -1
|May record low F = 17
|Jun record low F = 26
|Jul record low F = 38
|Aug record low F = 28
|Sep record low F = 20
|Oct record low F = 1
|Nov record low F = -18
|Dec record low F = -29
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.08
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.96
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.71
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.08
|May precipitation inch = 4.13
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.79
|Jul precipitation inch = 3.83
|Aug precipitation inch = 4.01
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.91
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.03
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.93
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.42
|year precipitation inch = 
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 9.6
|Feb precipitation days = 7.8
|Mar precipitation days = 8.9
|Apr precipitation days = 10.9
|May precipitation days = 13.5
|Jun precipitation days = 12.6
|Jul precipitation days = 11.6
|Aug precipitation days = 11.0
|Sep precipitation days = 11.9
|Oct precipitation days = 11.0
|Nov precipitation days = 8.9
|Dec precipitation days = 10.1
|Jan snow inch = 12.4
|Feb snow inch = 11.7
|Mar snow inch = 8.8
|Apr snow inch = 5.1
|May snow inch = 0.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.7
|Nov snow inch = 4.9
|Dec snow inch = 13.4
|year snow inch = 
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 8.8
|Feb snow days = 7.1
|Mar snow days = 4.7
|Apr snow days = 2.9
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.4
|Nov snow days = 3.5
|Dec snow days = 8.2
|Jan snow depth inch = 11.3
|Feb snow depth inch = 12.2
|Mar snow depth inch = 10.2
|Apr snow depth inch = 2.7
|May snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jun snow depth inch = 0.0
|Jul snow depth inch = 0.0
|Aug snow depth inch = 0.0
|Sep snow depth inch = 0.0
|Oct snow depth inch = 0.3
|Nov snow depth inch = 2.5
|Dec snow depth inch = 7.9
|year snow depth inch = 15.0
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00475120&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Marshfield Exp Farm, WI |access-date=October 6, 2023}}</ref> |source 2=National Weather Service<ref name=NOWData>{{cite web|url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=grb |publisher=National Weather Service |title=NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Green Bay |access-date=October 6, 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 669
|1890= 3450
|1900= 5240
|1910= 5783
|1920= 7394
|1930= 8778
|1940= 10359
|1950= 12394
|1960= 14153
|1970= 15619
|1980= 18290
|1990= 19291
|2000= 18800
|2010= 19118
|2020= 18929
|estyear=2023
|estimate=18736
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=December 8, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020–2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

As of the 2022 [[American Community Survey]], there are 8,807 estimated households in Marshfield with an average of 2.09 persons per household. The city has a median household income of $58,474. Approximately 12.2% of the city's population lives at or below the [[Poverty in the United States|poverty line]]. Marshfield has an estimated 60.3% employment rate, with 26.8% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 95.1% holding a high school diploma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Marshfield city, Wisconsin|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/marshfieldcitywisconsin/PST045223|access-date=December 8, 2024|website=www.census.gov|language=en}}</ref>

The top five reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were English (96.5%), Spanish (1.1%), Indo-European (0.7%), Asian and Pacific Islander (1.3%), and Other (0.4%).

The median age in the city was 43.7 years.

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Marshfield, Wisconsin – racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
! Race / ethnicity <small>(''NH = non-Hispanic'')</small>
! Pop. 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Marshfield city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALSF12000.P004?g=160XX00US5549675|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
! Pop. 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Marshfield city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US5549675&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
! {{partial|Pop. 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Marshfield city, Wisconsin|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US5549675&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
! % 2000
! % 2010
! {{partial|% 2020}}
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic whites|White]] alone (NH)
| 18,158
| 17,870
| style='background: #ffffe6; |16,945
| 96.59%
| 93.47%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |89.52%
|-
| [[African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
| 74
| 128
| style='background: #ffffe6; |204
| 0.39%
| 0.67%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |1.08%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
| 43
| 38
| style='background: #ffffe6; |47
| 0.23%
| 0.20%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.25%
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
| 260
| 436
| style='background: #ffffe6; |485
| 1.38%
| 2.28%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |2.56%
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
| 0
| 1
| style='background: #ffffe6; |11
| 0.00%
| 0.01%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.06%
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
| 10
| 6
| style='background: #ffffe6; |53
| 0.05%
| 0.03%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.28%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or multiracial]] (NH)
| 109
| 187
| style='background: #ffffe6; |545
| 0.58%
| 0.98%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |2.88%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
| 146
| 452
| style='background: #ffffe6; |639
| 0.78%
| 2.36%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |3.38%
|-
| '''Total'''
| '''18,800'''
| '''19,118'''
| style='background: #ffffe6; |'''18,929'''
| '''100.00%'''
| '''100.00%'''
| style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 18,929 people, 8,818 households, and 4,749 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Marshfield%20city,%20Wisconsin%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=December 8, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|1385.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 9,508 housing units at an average density of {{convert|696.1|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 90.49% [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 1.09% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.32% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.57% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.06% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.23% from some other races and 4.23% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 3.38% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How many people live in Marshfield city, Wisconsin |url=https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/marshfield-city-wisconsin/160-5549675/ |access-date=December 8, 2024 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> 19.0% of residents were under the age of 18, 4.9% were under 5 years of age, and 23.0% were 65 and older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 19,118 people, 8,777 households, and 4,995 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1420.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 9,516 housing units at an average density of {{convert|707.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 94.82% [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 0.69% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.20% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.29% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.82% from some other races and 1.19% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 2.36% of the population.

There were 8,777 households, of which 25.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.1% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.78.

The median age in the city was 41.3 years. 20.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.4% were from 45 to 64; and 18.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.3% male and 52.7% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 18,800 people, 8,235 households, and 4,866 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1477.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 8,617 housing units at an average density of {{convert|677.4|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 97.12% [[White (U.S. census)|White]], 0.39% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.23% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.38% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.22% from some other races and 0.64% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 0.78% of the population.

There were 8,235 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.2% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 22.9% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $37,248, and the median income for a family was $50,498. Males had a median income of $31,848 versus $23,745 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $21,965. About 3.7% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the [[Poverty threshold|poverty line]], including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
[[File:Columbia Park Bandshell.jpg|thumb|A summer concert of the Marshfield Civic Band at the [[Columbia Park Band Shell]], 2012]]

Marshfield has a local community arts facility, Chestnut Center for the Arts, and is the home of the New Visions Art Gallery, located in the [[Marshfield Clinic]]. The Vox Concert Series brings music performers from across the country to Marshfield.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} In addition, the local UW campus hosts artists in its art gallery.

Marshfield Public Library, located downtown, offers adult and children's programs.

===Points of interest===
* [[Upham Mansion]]
* [[World's Largest Round Barn]]
* [[Columbia Park (Marshfield, Wisconsin)|Columbia Park]]<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.mcmillanlibrary.org/files/docs/placenames.pdf |title=Wood County Place Names |publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press |author=Rudolph, Robert S. |year=1970 |pages=17}}</ref>
* Wildwood Park and Zoo
* Jurustic Park<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weau.com/wanderingwisconsin/headlines/44558827.html |title=Jurustic Park |date=May 7, 2009 |first=Sarah |last=Stokes |publisher=weau.com |access-date=August 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619172255/http://www.weau.com/wanderingwisconsin/headlines/44558827.html |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Wenzel Family Plaza]]
* [[Vandehey Waters]]

==Education==
[[File:Marshfield High School-3.jpg|thumb|[[Marshfield High School (Wisconsin)|Marshfield High School]]]]
The Marshfield School District consists of Madison, Grant, Lincoln, Nasonville, and Washington elementary schools, Marshfield Middle School, and [[Marshfield High School (Wisconsin)|Marshfield High School]]. Marshfield parochial schools include Trinity Lutheran School (K–8), Immanuel Lutheran School (Pre-K–8), and Columbus Catholic Schools. The latter is a Pre-K–12 system consisting of St. John the Baptist Primary School, Our Lady of Peace Intermediate School, Columbus Catholic Middle School, and [[Columbus Catholic High School (Marshfield, Wisconsin)|Columbus Catholic High School]].

The [[University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point at Marshfield]] and [[Mid-State Technical College]] – Marshfield Campus are located in Marshfield.

==Transportation==
===Major highways===
* [[Image:US 10.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Highway 10]] is a freeway on the south side of the city going East-West before going south on the west side of the city
* [[Image:WIS 13.svg|20px]] [[Highway 13 (Wisconsin)]] (“Veterans Pkwy”) Goes North-South through the city before going east following US 10
* [[Image:WIS 97.svg|20px]] [[Highway 97 (Wisconsin)]] (“N Central Ave”) Goes North-South through the Northeast end of the city before ending at the middle of the city with Wisconsin 13 (“Veterans Pkwy”)
* [[Image:WIS County H.svg|20px]] (“W 14th Street, S Central Ave, 29th St, E Galvin Ave, and E 4th St”) Goes East-West through the south end of the city
* [[Image:WIS County Y.svg|20px]] (“Adler Ave, S Oak Street, St Joseph Ave, Doege Street, and E Becker Rd”), Goes East-West through the north end of the city

===Airport===
* KMFI – [[Marshfield Municipal Airport (Wisconsin)|Marshfield Municipal Airport]]
[[File:Marshfield Wisconsin Municipal Airport.jpg|thumb|Marshfield Municipal Airport Entrance sign]]

==Healthcare==
[[File:Marshfield Clinic Wisconsin2.JPG|thumb|[[Marshfield Clinic|Marshfield Medical Center]]]]

The [[Marshfield Clinic]] system provides health care for much of northern Wisconsin. It operates residency programs in dermatology, internal medicine, pediatrics, internal medicine-pediatrics, dentistry, and surgery, as well as a transitional year of residency. In addition, fellowships are offered in internal medicine and palliative medicine. The Marshfield Clinic also hosts medical and physician assistant students for the [[University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health]] and provides medical education, clinical experiences, and rotations. Marshfield Clinic sponsors the [[Security Health Plan of Wisconsin]].{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Marshfield Medical Center, the only hospital in Marshfield, serves as a tertiary care center for much of northern Wisconsin.

==Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps==
* November 1884<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshfield 1884|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/7386|website=www.content.wisconsinhistory.org|publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]]|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
* October 1887<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshfield 1887 |url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/7391|website=www.content.wisconsinhistory.org |publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]]|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
* November 1891<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshfield 1891|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/7397|website=www.content.wisconsinhistory.org|publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]]|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
* January 1898<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshfield 1898|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/7405|website=www.content.wisconsinhistory.org|publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]]|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
* June 1904<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshfield 1904|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/7418|website=www.content.wisconsinhistory.org|publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]]|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
* December 1912<ref>{{cite web|title=Marshfield 1912|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/7286|website=www.content.wisconsinhistory.org|publisher=[[Wisconsin Historical Society]]|date=November 18, 2015|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>

===Historic Plat Maps===
* 1909 city<ref>{{cite web|title=State of Wisconsin Collection - Collection - UWDC - UW-Madison Libraries|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.AtlasWood09.i0009&id=WI.AtlasWood09&isize=XL|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]|date=August 13, 2024|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
* 1928 west side<ref>{{cite web|title=State of Wisconsin Collection - Collection - UWDC - UW-Madison Libraries|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.AtlasWood28.i0014&id=WI.AtlasWood28&isize=XL|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]|date=August 13, 2024|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>
* 1928 east side<ref>{{cite web|title=State of Wisconsin Collection - Collection - UWDC - UW-Madison Libraries|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/WI/WI-idx?type=article&did=WI.AtlasWood28.i0017&id=WI.AtlasWood28&isize=XL|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]|date=August 13, 2024|access-date=December 8, 2024}}</ref>

==Notable people==
{{colbegin|colwidth=32em}}
* [[Elliot Anderson (politician)|Elliot Anderson]], Nevada legislator
* [[Fred Beell]], wrestler  / 
* [[Robert Brokl]], artist, printmaker and activist
* [[Todd Boss]], poet
* [[John W. Byrnes]], U.S. Congressman
* [[Jose Pablo Cantillo]], stage and television actor
* [[Alden Carter]], author
* [[William D. Connor]], Lieutenant Governor of [[Wisconsin]]
* [[Marshall E. Cusic Jr.]], [[U.S. Navy]] admiral, Chief of the U.S. Navy Reserve Medical Corps
* [[Tom Domres]], [[National Football League|NFL]] player
* [[Peter Ebbe]], Wisconsin State Assembly
* [[Ethan Finlay]], soccer player; attended Marshfield High School
* [[Robert F. Froehlke]], Secretary of the Army, Assistant secretary of Defense
* [[Bob Galvin]], businessman
* [[Paul Galvin (businessman)|Paul Galvin]], co-founder of Motorola
* [[Michael Gungor]], Musician, Spiritual thinker
* [[Donald W. Hasenohrl]], Wisconsin State Assembly
* [[Raymond F. Heinzen]], Wisconsin State Senator
* [[Chester A. Krohn]], Wisconsin State Assembly<ref>''Wisconsin Blue Book 1942'', p. 70.</ref>
* [[Melvin R. Laird, Sr.]], Wisconsin State Senator and clergyman
* [[Melvin R. Laird]], U.S. House of Representatives (1952–1969), Secretary of Defense (1969–1973)
* [[Henry A. Lathrop]], Wisconsin State Assembly
* [[MaryAnn Lippert]], Wisconsin legislator
* [[Philleo Nash]], Commissioner of the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]]
* [[William Noll]], Wisconsin State Assembly
* [[John Oestreicher]], Wisconsin State Assembly
* [[Laurie Olin]], Landscape architect; born in Marshfield
* [[Everett Roehl]], founder of Roehl Transport, Inc.
* [[Andrew Rock]], [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medalist
* [[Elwyn E. Royce]], Wisconsin State Assembly
* [[Kelda Roys]], Wisconsin State Senator
* [[Emil P. Scheibe]], Wisconsin legislator and brewer<ref>'Death of Ex-Ald. Emil P. Scheibe,' ''Marshfield Times'', January 4, 1911, pg. 1</ref>
* [[Karl Schuelke]], professional football player for the [[Pittsburgh Pirates (NFL)|Pittsburgh Pirates]]
* [[Lauren Sesselmann]], professional soccer player
* [[Rich Seubert]], professional football player for the [[New York Giants]]
* [[John Stauber]], author
* [[Theodore Steinmetz]], composer/conductor
* [[Adam Stenavich]], Offensive coordinator for the [[Green Bay Packers]]
* [[Mark Tauscher]], professional football player for the [[Green Bay Packers]], born in Marshfield
* [[William H. Upham]], former governor of [[Wisconsin]]
* [[Gary Varsho]], retired professional baseball player for the [[Chicago Cubs]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Cincinnati Reds]], and [[Philadelphia Phillies]]
* [[Daulton Varsho]], professional baseball player for the [[Toronto Blue Jays]]
* [[Lee Weigel]], professional football player for the [[Green Bay Packers]]
* [[Charles Werner]], Pulitzer Prize-winning cartoonist
* [[Eli Winch]], Wisconsin legislator
* [[Elizabeth Zimmermann]], British-born knitter known for her books and instructional series on American public television<ref>{{cite news|last=Martin|first=Douglas|title=E. Zimmermann Is Dead at 89; Revolutionized Art of Knitting|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/12/us/e-zimmermann-is-dead-at-89-revolutionized-art-of-knitting.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|access-date=October 17, 2011|newspaper=New York Times|date=December 12, 1999}}</ref>
{{colend}}

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Wood County, Wisconsin]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Marshfield, Wisconsin}}
* [https://www.ci.marshfield.wi.us/ City of Marshfield – official website]

{{Marshfield, Wisconsin}}
{{Marathon County, Wisconsin}}
{{Wood County, Wisconsin}}
{{Wisconsin}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1868]]
[[Category:Cities in Wood County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Cities in Marathon County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Micropolitan areas of Wisconsin|Wisconsin Rapids-Marshfield]]