Editing Marshall County, Tennessee

{{short description|County in Tennessee, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Marshall County
 | state                = Tennessee
 | seal                 = 
 | founded              = February 20, 1836
 | named for            = [[John Marshall]]<ref name=tehc>Carroll Van West, "[http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=839 Marshall County]," ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''. Retrieved: March 11, 2013.</ref>
 | seat wl              = Lewisburg
 | largest city wl      = Lewisburg
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 376
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 375
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 0.7
 | area percentage      = 0.2%
 | census yr            = 2020
 | pop                  = 34318 {{increase}}
 | density_sq_mi        = 82
 | time zone            = Central
 | footnotes            = 
 | web                  = marshallcountytn.com
 | ex image             = Marshall County Tennessee Courthouse.jpg
 | ex image cap         = Marshall County Courthouse in Lewisburg
 | district             = 5th 
}}

'''Marshall County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Tennessee]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 34,318.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states./47/47117.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=December 6, 2013}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Lewisburg, Tennessee|Lewisburg]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Marshall County comprises the Lewisburg [[Micropolitan Statistical Area]], which is also included in the [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville-Davidson]]–[[Murfreesboro, Tennessee|Murfreesboro]]–[[Franklin, Tennessee|Franklin]], TN [[Nashville metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. It is in Middle Tennessee, one of the three [[Grand Divisions of Tennessee|Grand Divisions]] of the state.

The [[Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association]] is based here. In addition, the [[fainting goat]] is another animal breed developed here. To celebrate this unique breed, the county holds an annual festival known as "Goats, Music and More," drawing visitors from around the world.<ref>[http://www.goatsmusicandmore.com/index.php/about-the-festival About the Festival] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016120143/http://goatsmusicandmore.com/index.php/about-the-festival |date=October 16, 2013 }}, Goats, Music and More website, 2013. Retrieved: October 23, 2013.</ref>

==History==
Marshall County was created in 1836 from parts of [[Giles County, Tennessee|Giles]], [[Bedford County, Tennessee|Bedford]], [[Lincoln County, Tennessee|Lincoln]], and [[Maury County, Tennessee|Maury]] counties. Marshall County was originally to be named Cannon County, but due to a clerical error at the time of formation, the names of Marshall and [[Cannon County, Tennessee|Cannon]] counties, both formed in 1836, were accidentally swapped and never corrected.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}} It was named after the American jurist [[John Marshall]], Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].<ref name=tehc />

The economy was based on agriculture in the antebellum years and well into the twentieth century. Planters had depended on the labor of enslaved African Americans to work the commodity crops of tobacco and hemp, as well as care for thoroughbred horses and other quality livestock. The breed known as the [[Tennessee Walking Horse]] was developed here.

After the war, blacks and whites struggled to adjust to [[emancipation]] and a free labor market. [[Freedmen]] founded Needmore as a community in Marshall County after the Civil War where they could live as neighbors and be relatively free of white supervision.<ref name="lewisburg"/>

Whites committed violence against freedmen to re-establish and maintain dominance after the war. In the period after Reconstruction and into the early 20th century, whites in Marshall County committed eight [[Lynching in the United States|lynchings of African Americans]]. This was the fifth-highest total of any county in the state, but three other counties, including two nearby, also had eight lynchings each.<ref>[https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf ''Lynching in America, Third Edition: Supplement by County''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023063004/https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf |date=October 23, 2017 }}, p. 9, Equal Justice Initiative, Mobile, AL, 2017</ref>

Among these lynchings were the murders of John Milligan (also spelled Millikin) and John L. Hunter in the Needmore settlement near the county seat of Lewisburg in August 1903. Governor [[James B. Frazier]] offered a reward for information, as [[Whitecapping|Whitecaps]] were blamed for the deaths, and the state was trying to eliminate this secret, vigilante group.<ref name="lewisburg">[http://genealogytrails.com/tenn/marshall/news1903LewisburgTribune.html "Reward for Whitecaps"], ''Lewisburg Tribune News'', August 11, 1903- Vol.3 (posted by Martha Smotherman Mendez), Genealogy Trails; accessed May 25, 2018</ref> In the early 20th century, numerous African Americans left the county during the period of the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] to northern and midwestern industrial cities for work.

Three [[Governor of Tennessee|Tennessee governor]]s&mdash; [[Henry Hollis Horton|Henry Horton]], [[Jim Nance McCord]], and [[Buford Ellington]]&mdash; were each living in Marshall County at the time of their election as governor.

==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|376|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|375|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.7|sqmi}} (0.2%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_47.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 9, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref> The [[Duck River (Tennessee)|Duck River]] drains much of the county.

[[File:Lewisburg City Hall.jpg|thumb|Lewisburg City Hall]]

===Adjacent counties===
*[[Rutherford County, Tennessee|Rutherford County]] (northeast)
*[[Bedford County, Tennessee|Bedford County]] (east)
*[[Lincoln County, Tennessee|Lincoln County]] (southeast)
*[[Giles County, Tennessee|Giles County]] (southwest)
*[[Maury County, Tennessee|Maury County]] (west)
*[[Williamson County, Tennessee|Williamson County]] (northwest)

===State protected areas===
*[[Henry Horton State Park]]
*Wilson School Road Forest and Cedar Glades State Natural Area

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1840= 14555
|1850= 15616
|1860= 14592
|1870= 16207
|1880= 19259
|1890= 18906
|1900= 18763
|1910= 16872
|1920= 17375
|1930= 15574
|1940= 16030
|1950= 17768
|1960= 16859
|1970= 17319
|1980= 19698
|1990= 21539
|2000= 26767
|2010= 30617
|2020= 34318
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref><br />1790–1960,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref> 1900–1990,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/tn190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref><br />1990–2000,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref> 2010-2014<ref name="QF"/>
}}
{{Stack|[[Image:USA Marshall County, Tennessee.csv age pyramid.svg|thumb|150px|left|Age pyramid Marshall County<ref>Based on [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] data</ref>]]}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Marshall County racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US47117&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 25, 2021|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 28,255
| 82.33%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 2,018
| 5.88%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 103
| 0.3%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 142
| 0.41%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
| 7
| 0.02%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 1,558
| 4.54%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 2,235
| 6.51%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 34,318 people, 12,324 households, and 8,624 families residing in the county.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 14, 2011|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 26,767 people, 10,307 households, and 7,472 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|71|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 11,181 housing units at an average density of {{convert|30|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. The racial makeup of the county was 89.42% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 7.77% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.25% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.31% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.46% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.77% from two or more races. 2.87% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 10,307 households, out of which 33.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.80% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were non-families. 23.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.60% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 29.90% from 25 to 44, 23.20% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 95.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,457, and the median income for a family was $45,731. Males had a median income of $31,876 versus $22,362 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $17,749. About 7.30% of families and 10.00% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.80% of those under age 18 and 13.10% of those age 65 or over.

==Communities==
===City===
*[[Lewisburg, Tennessee|Lewisburg]] (county seat)

===Towns===
*[[Chapel Hill, Tennessee|Chapel Hill]]
*[[Cornersville, Tennessee|Cornersville]]
*[[Petersburg, Tennessee|Petersburg]] (partial)

===Unincorporated communities===

*[[Archer, Tennessee|Archer]]
*[[Beasley, Tennessee|Beasley]]
*[[Belfast, Tennessee|Belfast]]
*[[Caney Spring, Tennessee|Caney Spring]]
*[[Cochran, Tennessee|Cochran]]
*[[Delina, Tennessee|Delina]]
*[[Farmington, Tennessee|Farmington]]
*[[Graball, Marshall County, Tennessee|Graball]]
*[[Holts Corner, Tennessee|Holts Corner]]
*[[Lunns Store, Tennessee|Lunns Store]]
*[[Milltown, Tennessee|Milltown]]
*[[Mooresville, Tennessee|Mooresville]]
*[[Rich Creek, Tennessee|Rich Creek]]
*[[Robertson Fork, Tennessee|Robertson Fork]]
*[[Silver Creek, Tennessee|Silver Creek]]
*[[South Berlin, Tennessee|South Berlin]]
*[[Verona, Tennessee|Verona]]
*[[Yell, Tennessee|Yell]]

==Politics==

The county's political history is similar to the vast majority of [[Middle Tennessee]], where it was a solidly Democratic county throughout the first half of the 20th century, but began making shifts to the Republican Party starting in the 1970s. The county is Republican, with [[Al Gore]] in [[2000 United States presidential election in Tennessee|2000]] being the last Democratic presidential candidate to win there.

One notable result in this county came in the 1928 election, when [[Herbert Hoover]] and [[Al Smith]] tied the county with a total of 735 votes apiece.
{{PresHead|place=Marshall County, Tennessee|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 11, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|12,426|3,390|185|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|11,043|3,605|230|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|8,184|2,852|419|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|6,832|3,725|184|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|6,755|4,320|214|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|5,825|4,722|68|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2000|Democratic|4,105|5,107|147|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|2,781|4,447|685|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|2,516|4,491|1,091|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|2,975|2,795|21|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|3,416|2,935|42|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|2,282|4,277|107|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|1,674|4,457|78|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|2,593|1,526|259|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1968|American Independent|1,202|1,527|3,379|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|1,340|3,989|0|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|1,717|3,625|45|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|1,527|4,100|118|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|1,525|3,837|0|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|517|3,059|719|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|500|3,812|3|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|389|3,132|2|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|300|2,431|8|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|283|2,167|20|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1928|Tie|735|735|0|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|349|1,696|40|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|753|1,828|15|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|461|1,652|21|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|376|1,551|98|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1908|Democratic|440|1,544|81|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1904|Democratic|620|2,152|149|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|763|2,184|206|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1896|Democratic|849|2,835|71|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1892|Democratic|685|2,185|525|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1888|Democratic|786|2,291|146|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1884|Democratic|728|2,084|40|Tennessee}}
{{PresFoot|1880|Democratic|548|2,006|84|Tennessee}}

==See also==
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Marshall County, Tennessee]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://marshallcountytn.com/ Official site]
*[http://www.marshallchamber.org Marshall County Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.twhbea.com Tennessee Walking Horse Breeders' and Exhibitors' Association]
*[http://www.goatsmusicandmore.com Annual Fainting Goat Festival]
* [http://www.tngenweb.org/marshall Marshall County, TNGenWeb] - free genealogy resources for the county

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Marshall County, Tennessee
|North     =
|Northeast = [[Rutherford County, Tennessee|Rutherford County]]
|East      = [[Bedford County, Tennessee|Bedford County]]
|Southeast = [[Lincoln County, Tennessee|Lincoln County]]
|South     =
|Southwest = [[Giles County, Tennessee|Giles County]]
|West      = [[Maury County, Tennessee|Maury County]]
|Northwest = [[Williamson County, Tennessee|Williamson County]]
}}

{{Marshall County, Tennessee}}
{{Tennessee}}

{{coord|35.47|-86.77|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-TN_source:UScensus1990}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Marshall County, Tennessee| ]]
[[Category:1836 establishments in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1836]]
[[Category:Middle Tennessee]]