Editing Marshall County, Oklahoma

{{short description|County in Oklahoma, United States}}
{{Distinguish|Marshall, Oklahoma}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Marshall County
 | state                = Oklahoma
 | ex image             = MarshallCourthouse1 (1 of 1).jpg
 | ex image cap         = [[Marshall County Courthouse (Madill, Oklahoma)|Marshall County Courthouse]]
 | seal                 = 
 | founded year         = 1907
 | founded date         = 
 | seat wl              = Madill
 | largest city wl      = Madill
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 427
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 371
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 56
 | area percentage      = 13%
 | population_as_of     = 2020
 | population_total     = 15312
 | census estimate yr   = 
 | pop                  = 
 | density_sq_mi        = auto
 | web                  = marshall.okcounties.org
 | time zone            = Central
 | district             = 2nd
}}

'''Marshall County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located on the south-central border of [[Oklahoma]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 15,312.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Marshall County, Oklahoma|url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Marshall_County,_Oklahoma?g=050XX00US40095|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 13, 2023}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Madill, Oklahoma|Madill]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> The county was created at statehood in 1907 from the former Pickens County of the Chickasaw Nation. It was named to honor the maiden name of the mother of George Henshaw, a member of the 1906 Oklahoma Constitutional Convention.<ref name="EOHC-MarshallCo">O'Dell, Larry. [http://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MA030 "Marshall County,"] ''Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture'', Oklahoma Historical Society, 2009. Accessed April 4, 2015.</ref> The county and its cities are part of the [[Texoma]] region.

==History==
The area covered by Marshall County was part of the territory set aside by the U.S. government for resettlement of the Choctaw tribe and the closely related Chickasaw tribe from their lands in the southeastern United States. The Chickasaws began relocating to this area in 1837. The U.S. Army built [[Fort Washita]] in 1842 to protect the new arrivals from raids by other tribes. In 1857, the [[Chickasaw Nation]] formally separated from the [[Choctaw Nation]]. This area became part of [[Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation|Pickens County]]<ref>Charles Goins, ''Historical Atlas of Oklahoma'' (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2006), plate 105.</ref> in the Chickasaw Nation.<ref name="EOHC-MarshallCo"/>

Railroads came to the present-day Marshall County in 1901, when St. Louis, Oklahoma, and Southern Railway (acquired shortly after by the [[St. Louis and San Francisco Railway]]), known as the "Frisco," constructed a north-south line. The following year, the [[St. Louis, San Francisco and New Orleans Railroad]] (formerly the Arkansas and Choctaw Railway) laid tracks from east to west through the area. This line was sold to the Frisco in 1907. The State of Oklahoma relocated part of this line in 1941 to make way for the creation of [[Lake Texoma]].<ref name="EOHC-MarshallCo"/>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|427|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|371|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|56|sqmi}} (13%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_40.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 21, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref> It is the smallest county in Oklahoma by land area and the third-smallest by total area. The [[Red River of the South|Red River]] drains the county and forms the county's southern boundary. Completion of the Denison Dam in 1942 created [[Lake Texoma]], which inundated part of Marshall County's land area and formed the current southern boundary and the eastern boundary of the county as well.<ref name="EOHC-MarshallCo"/>
[[File:MarshallCounty1909.jpg|thumb|250px|Map of Marshall County, 1909]]

===Major highways===
* [[File:US 70.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 70 in Oklahoma|U.S. Highway 70]]
* [[File:US 177.svg|23px]] [[U.S. Route 177 in Oklahoma|U.S. Highway 177]]
* [[File:US 377.svg|23px]] [[U.S. Route 377#Oklahoma|U.S. Highway 377]]
* [[File:Oklahoma State Highway 32.svg|20px]] [[State Highway 32 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 32]]
* [[File:Oklahoma State Highway 99.svg|20px]] [[State Highway 99 (Oklahoma)|State Highway 99]]

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Johnston County, Oklahoma|Johnston County]] (north)
* [[Bryan County, Oklahoma|Bryan County]] (east)
* [[Grayson County, Texas]] (south)
* [[Love County, Oklahoma|Love County]] (west)
* [[Carter County, Oklahoma|Carter County]] (northwest)

===National protected area===
* [[Tishomingo National Wildlife Refuge]] (part)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1910= 11619
|1920= 14674
|1930= 11026
|1940= 12384
|1950= 8177
|1960= 7263
|1970= 7682
|1980= 10550
|1990= 10829
|2000= 13184
|2010= 15840
|2020= 15312
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ok190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=February 21, 2015}}</ref> 2010<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40095.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=November 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606155239/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40/40095.html |archive-date=June 6, 2011 }}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 13,184 people, 5,371 households, and 3,802 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|36|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 8,517 housing units at an average density of {{convert|23|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. The racial makeup of the county was 77.99% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 1.84% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 9.10% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.19% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 6.17% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 4.71% from two or more races. 8.60% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. By 2020, its population was 15,312.<ref name=":0" />

There were 5,371 households, out of which 27.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.10% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.20% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.87.

The county's population was spread out, with 23.50% under the age of 18, 7.50% from 18 to 24, 24.10% from 25 to 44, 25.50% from 45 to 64, and 19.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41. For every 100 females, there were 96.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.60 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,437, and the median income for a family was $31,825. Males had a median income of $25,201 versus $19,932 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $14,982. About 13.50% of families and 17.90% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.10% of those under age 18 and 15.30% of those age 65 or over.

==Politics==
{| class=wikitable
! colspan = 6 | Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of June 30, 2023<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ok.gov/elections/documents/20190115%20-%20Registration%20By%20County%20(vr2420).pdf|title=Oklahoma Registration Statistics by County|date=January 15, 2019|website=OK.gov|access-date=February 27, 2019}}</ref>
|-
! colspan = 2 | Party
! Number of Voters
! Percentage
|-
| {{party color cell|Democratic Party (United States)}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| align = center | 2,460
| align = center | 29.55%
|-
| {{party color cell|Republican Party (United States)}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| align = center | 5,175
| align = center | 62.16%
|-
| {{party color cell|Independent Party (United States)}}
| Unaffiliated
| align = center | 1,548
| align = center | 18.59%
|-
! colspan = 2 | Total
! align = center | 8,325
! align = center | 100%
|}

{{PresHead|place=Marshall County, Oklahoma|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 29, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|5,348|1,169|72|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|4,891|1,100|73|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|4,206|1,096|190|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|3,744|1,396|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|3,730|1,643|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|3,363|2,088|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|2,641|2,210|49|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|1,605|2,624|684|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|1,478|2,519|1,501|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|1,911|2,730|28|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|2,488|2,039|33|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|1,961|2,157|77|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|1,358|2,939|27|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|2,273|1,113|91|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|1,209|1,191|986|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|1,101|2,318|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1960|Democratic|1,325|1,793|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|1,151|2,100|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|1,204|2,288|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|469|2,455|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|752|2,261|11|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|1,032|2,723|15|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|415|2,840|23|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|319|3,236|0|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|1,063|1,358|80|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|866|1,935|545|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|1,487|1,589|269|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|449|1,352|623|Oklahoma}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|315|958|694|Oklahoma}}
{{PresFoot|1908|Democratic|406|842|411|Oklahoma}}

==Economy==
During the 19th century, the county's economy was based on agriculture and ranching. Cotton and corn were the most dominant crops. By 1934, oats had become the third-largest crop. After the creation of Lake Texoma, cotton acreage had dropped to about 10 percent of its 1934 level, corn had fallen to less than 2 percent, while peanuts had become the third largest crop. By 2001, wheat had become the largest crop, followed by rye, oats, and peanuts.<ref name="EOHC-MarshallCo"/>

Oil and gas production began soon after the county was formed at statehood. Pure Oil Company built an oil camp in 1940 with 43 houses and a 35-bed bunkhouse. Pure closed the camp in 1959 after a 1957 tornado had severely damaged it. At the turn of the 21st century, oil production was about 10 percent of the 1975 quantity, while gas production was about 68 percent of the 1975 quantity.<ref name="EOHC-MarshallCo"/>

Other significant business sectors are wood products, manufacturing (especially livestock trailers), and tourism.<ref name="EOHC-MarshallCo"/>

==Communities==
===City===
* [[Madill, Oklahoma|Madill]] (county seat)

===Towns===
* [[Kingston, Oklahoma|Kingston]]
* [[New Woodville, Oklahoma|New Woodville]]
* [[Oakland, Oklahoma|Oakland]]

===Census-designated places===
* [[Cumberland, Oklahoma|Cumberland]]
* [[Lebanon, Oklahoma|Lebanon]]
* [[Little City, Oklahoma|Little City]]
* [[McBride, Oklahoma|McBride]]

===Other unincorporated places===
* [[McMillan, Oklahoma|McMillan]]
* [[Willis, Oklahoma|Willis]]

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Marshall County, Oklahoma]]

==References==
<references />

{{Geographic location
| Centre    = Marshall County
| North     = [[Johnston County, Oklahoma|Johnston County]]
| Northeast =
| East      = [[Bryan County, Oklahoma|Bryan County]]
| Southeast =
| South     = [[Grayson County, Texas]]
| Southwest =
| West      = [[Love County, Oklahoma|Love County]]
| Northwest = [[Carter County, Oklahoma|Carter County]]
}}
{{Marshall County, Oklahoma}}
{{Oklahoma}}
{{authority control}}
{{coord|34.03|-96.77|type:adm2nd_region:US-OK_source:UScensus1990|display=title}}

[[Category:Marshall County, Oklahoma| ]]
[[Category:1907 establishments in Oklahoma]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1907]]