Editing Marrubium

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{For|the ancient city in Italy called Marrubium|San Benedetto dei Marsi}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|name = Horehound
|image = Marrubium rotundifolia.jpg
|image_caption = Foliage of ''Marrubium rotundifolia''
|display_parents = 2
|taxon = Marrubium
|authority = L.
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=g/>
|synonyms =
*''Padota'' <small>Adans.</small>
*''Atirbesia'' <small>Raf.</small>
*''Maropsis'' <small>Pomel</small>
}}

'''''Marrubium''''' ('''horehound''' or '''hoarhound''') is a genus of [[flowering plant]]s in the family [[Lamiaceae]], native to temperate regions of Europe, North Africa, and Asia as far east as the [[Xinjiang]] region of western China. A few species are also naturalized in North and South America.<ref name=g>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=120782 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=119743 Flora of ChinaVol. 17 Page 104 <big>欧夏至草属</big> ou xia zhi cao shu ''Marrubium'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 582. 1753. ]</ref><ref>[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/floraspecie.php?genere=Marrubium Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Marrubium''] includes distribution maps for Europe and North America</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Marrubium%20vulgare.png Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map]</ref>

;Species<ref name=g/>
*''[[Marrubium alyssoides]]'' <small>Pomel</small> – Algeria, Morocco
*''[[Marrubium alysson]]'' <small>L.</small> – Mediterranean from Spain + Morocco to Palestine
*''[[Marrubium anisodon]]'' <small>K.Koch</small> – Greece, Albania, Crimea, southwest Asia from Turkey to Kashmir
*''[[Marrubium aschersonii]]'' <small>Magnus</small> – Tunisia
*''[[Marrubium astracanicum]]'' <small>Jacq.</small> – Caucasus, Iran, Iraq, Turkey
*''[[Marrubium atlanticum]]'' <small>Batt.</small> – Morocco
*''[[Marrubium ayardii]]'' <small>Maire</small> – Morocco
*[[Marrubium × bastetanum|''Marrubium'' × ''bastetanum'']] <small>Coincy</small> – Spain   ''(M. supinum × M. vulgare)''
*''[[Marrubium bourgaei]]'' <small>Boiss.</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium catariifolium]]'' <small>Desr.</small> – Caucasus, Turkey
*''[[Marrubium cephalanthum]]'' <small>Boiss. & Noë</small>  – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium cordatum]]'' <small>Nábelek</small> – Iran, Iraq, Turkey
*''[[Marrubium crassidens]]'' <small>Boiss.</small> – Iran, Iraq
*''[[Marrubium cuneatum]]'' <small>Banks & Sol.</small> – Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine
*''[[Marrubium cylleneum]]'' <small>Boiss. & Heldr.</small>  – Greece
*''[[Marrubium depauperatum]]'' <small>Boiss. & Balansa</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium duabense]]'' Murata – Iran, Afghanistan
*''[[Marrubium echinatum]]'' <small>Ball</small> – Morocco
*''[[Marrubium eriocephalum]]'' <small>Seybold</small> – Iraq
*''[[Marrubium fontianum]]'' <small>Maire</small> – Rif in northern Morocco
*''[[Marrubium friwaldskyanum]]'' <small>Boiss.</small> – Bulgaria
*''[[Marrubium glechomifolium]]'' <small>Freyn & Conrath</small> – Caucasus
*''[[Marrubium globosum]]'' <small>Montbret & Aucher ex Benth.</small> – Turkey, Syria, Lebanon
*''[[Marrubium heterocladum]]'' <small>Emb. & Maire</small> – Rif in northern Morocco
*''[[Marrubium heterodon]]'' <small>(Benth.) Boiss. & Balansa</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium hierapolitanum]]'' <small>Mouterde</small> – Syria
*[[Marrubium × humbertii|''Marrubium'' × ''humbertii'']] <small>Emb. & Maire</small> – Morocco     ''(M. ayardii × M. multibracteatum)''
*''[[Marrubium incanum]]'' <small>Desr.</small> – Italy (including Sicily + Sardinia), Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria 
*''[[Marrubium leonuroides]]'' <small>Desr.</small>  – Caucasus, [[Crimea]]
*''[[Marrubium litardierei]]'' <small>Marmey</small> – Morocco
*''[[Marrubium lutescens]]'' <small>Boiss. & Heldr.</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium multibracteatum]]'' <small>Humbert & Maire</small> – Morocco
*[[Marrubium × paniculatum|''Marrubium'' × ''paniculatum'']] <small>Desr.</small> – Austria, Czech Republic, Yugoslavia   ''(M. peregrinum × M. vulgare)''
*''[[Marrubium parviflorum]]'' <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small> – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
*''[[Marrubium peregrinum]]'' <small>L.</small> – central + Eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus
*''[[Marrubium persicum]]'' <small>C.A.Mey</small> – Turkey, Iran, Caucasus
*''[[Marrubium pestalozzae]]'' <small>Boiss.</small> – Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Crimea
*''[[Marrubium plumosum]]'' <small>C.A.Mey.</small> – Caucasus
*''[[Marrubium procerum]]'' <small>Bunge</small> – Iran
*''[[Marrubium propinquum]]'' <small>Fisch. & C.A.Mey.</small> – Iran, Caucasus
*''[[Marrubium rotundifolia]]'' <small>Boiss.</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium sivasense]]'' <small>Aytaç, Akgül & Ekici</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium supinum]]'' <small>L.</small> – Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
*''[[Marrubium thessalum]]'' <small>Boiss. & Heldr.</small>  – Albania, Greece
*''[[Marrubium trachyticum]]'' <small>Boiss.</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium vanense]]'' <small>Hub.-Mor</small>. – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium velutinum]]'' <small>Sm.</small> – Greece
*''[[Marrubium vulcanicum]]'' <small>Hub.-Mor.</small> – Turkey
*''[[Marrubium vulgare]]'' <small>L.</small> – White horehound or common horehound – widespread from Denmark + Azores + Canary Islands east to Xingiang; naturalized in New Zealand, [[New Caledonia]], [[Hawaii]], [[Easter Island]], North + South America

The genus name ''Marrubium'' derives from the [[Latin]] word ''marrubii'', meaning horehound. The French Talmudic exegete, [[Rashi]], thinks that this herb may have been used as one of the bitter herbs on the night of [[Passover]].<ref>''Sefer Targum Ha-La'az'' (ed. Yisroel Gukovitzky), London 1992, p. 68 (entry no. 1000e)</ref> The common English name horehound is of unknown origin, but with the first part 'hore' derived from "hoary", "hairy".

The species formerly classified as ''Marrubium nigrum'' (Black Horehound) is now placed in the genus ''[[Ballota]]''.

''Marrubium'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Coleophora|Coleophora lineolea]]''.

==References==
{{Commons category|Marrubium}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q159392}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Marrubium| ]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]
[[Category:Lamiaceae genera]]