Editing Marne (department)

{{Short description|Department of France}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Marne
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = Préfecture de la Marne (51).jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building of the Marne department, in Châlons-en-Champagne
| image_flag              = Drapeau fr département Marne.svg
| flag_alt                = 
| image_shield            = Blason département fr Marne.svg
| shield_alt              = 
| nickname                = 
| motto                   = 
| image_map               = Marne-Position.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Location of Marne in France
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{Coord|49|00|N|04|15|E|region:FR-51_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name        = [[France]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Grand Est]]
| established_title       = 
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Châlons-en-Champagne]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Épernay]]<br>[[Reims]]<br>[[Vitry-le-François]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = Christian Bruyen<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          = 
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 8162
| area_note               = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| elevation_min_m         = 
| elevation_max_m         = 
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|45th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_note         = 
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 51
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Marne department|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Marne department|23]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Marne department|613]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        = 
| postal_code             = 
| area_code_type          = 
| area_code               = 
| iso_code                = FR-51
| website                 = 
| footnotes               = {{Note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1 km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Marne''' ({{IPA|fr|maʁn}}) is a [[departments of France|department]] in the [[Grand Est]] region of [[France]]. It is named after the river [[Marne (river)|Marne]] which flows through it.  The [[prefectures in France|prefecture]] (capital) of Marne is [[Châlons-en-Champagne]] (formerly known as Châlons-sur-Marne). The [[Subprefectures in France|subprefectures]] are [[Épernay]], [[Reims]], and [[Vitry-le-François]]. It had a population of 566,855 in 2019.<ref name=pop2019>{{Cite web |date=December 2021 |title=Populations légales en vigueur à compter du 1er janvier 2022 Arrondissements - cantons - communes: 51 Marne |url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep51.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308015620/http://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep51.pdf |archive-date=Mar 8, 2023 |work=Recensement de la population |publisher=INSEE}}</ref>

The [[Champagne]] vineyards producing the eponymous sparkling wine are in Marne.

==Name==
The department is named after the [[Marne (river)|Marne]], which was called ''Matrona'' in [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] times.

==History==
Marne is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on March 4, 1790. It was created from the province of [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]].

Marne has a long association with the [[French Army]]. The training ground of the ''Camp Militaire de Mailly'' straddles the border with the département of Aube in the south while that of the ''Camp de Mourmelon'' occupies a large area north of [[Châlons-en-Champagne]]. The smaller ''Camp de Moronvilliers'' lies to the east of Reims and the ''Camp Militaire de Suippes'' lies to the east of that. These are all located on the chalk grounds of the Champagne plateau, a feature comparable in geology but not size, with the British military training ground on [[Salisbury Plain]].

The [[Battles of the Marne (disambiguation)|Battles of the Marne]]<!--Intentional dab link-->, where the British and French fought against Germany during [[World War I]], took place here.

==Geography==
Marne is part of the [[regions of France|region]] of [[Grand Est]] and is surrounded by the departments of [[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]], [[Meuse (department)|Meuse]], [[Haute-Marne]], [[Aube]], [[Seine-et-Marne]], and [[Aisne]].

Geologically, it divides into two distinct parts; the [[Upper Cretaceous]] [[chalk]] plain in the east and the more wooded and hilly [[Eocene]] and [[Oligocene]] in the west.

Rivers draining the department include the [[Marne (river)|Marne]], [[Vesle]], [[Ardre (river)|Ardre]] and Somme-Soude. Numerous other rivers, such as the Grande and the Petite Morin rise in the department but flow mainly in others. Conversely, the [[Aube (river)|Aube]] joins the [[Seine]] in the department of Marne.

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune in the department is [[Reims]]; the prefecture [[Châlons-en-Champagne]] is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are five communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Reims]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 181,194
|-
| [[Châlons-en-Champagne]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 44,379
|-
| [[Épernay]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 22,433
|-
| [[Vitry-le-François]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,376
|-
| [[Tinqueux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 10,294
|}

==Demographics==
The inhabitants of the department are called ''Marnais''.

Population development since 1801:{{historical populations|cols=2|align=none|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/51his.html|title=Historique de la Marne|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-51|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|13=1801|14=304,651|15=1806|16=311,017|17=1821|18=307,644|19=1831|20=337,076|21=1841|22=356,632|23=1851|24=373,302|25=1861|26=385,498|27=1872|28=386,157|29=1881|30=421,800|31=1891|32=434,734|33=1901|34=432,882|35=1911|36=436,310|37=1921|38=366,734|39=1931|40=412,156|41=1936|42=410,238|43=1946|44=386,926|45=1954|46=415,141|47=1962|48=442,135|49=1968|50=485,388|51=1975|52=530,399|53=1982|54=543,627|55=1990|56=558,217|57=1999|58=565,229|59=2006|60=565,841|61=2011|62=566,571|63=2016|64=570,883}}

==Politics==

The president of the Departmental Council is Christian Bruyen, elected in 2017.

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 52.10
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 47.90
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|La République En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web | url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles | title=Présidentielles |website=Ministère de l'Intérieur |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213160726/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/ |archive-date= Feb 13, 2024 }}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 57.01
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 42.99
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 55.31
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 44.69
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 59.20
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 40.80
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]<ref name="auto"/>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 79.83
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 20.17
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.politiquemania.com/presidentielles-1995-departement.html | title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania }}</ref>
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 54.53
| [[Lionel Jospin]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 45.47
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Marne's 1st constituency]]
| [[Xavier Albertini]]
| [[Horizons (political party)|HOR]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Marne's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Laure Miller]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|RE]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Marne's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Maxime Michelet]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Marne's 4th constituency]]
| [[Lise Magnier]]
| [[Horizons (political party)|HOR]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Centrists}}" |
| [[Marne's 5th constituency]]
| [[Charles de Courson]]
| [[The Centrists|LC]]
|}

==Tourism==
[[Reims]], with its cathedral in which the [[kings of France]] were [[Coronation of the French monarch|traditionally crowned]], is a major attraction. Others include the bird reserve on the [[Lake Der-Chantecoq]] and the fishing lakes nearby. The ''Parc Naturel Régional de la Montagne de Reims'' is a major area of country recreation. In the west of the département there are many scenic routes as also are the several wine cellars of [[Épernay]].
<gallery>
File:The Porte Mars, an ancient Roman triumphal arch in Reims dating from the 3rd century AD and the widest arch in the Roman world, Durocortorum (Reims, France) (9292412785).jpg|The [[Porte de Mars]] in [[Reims]], a [[triumphal arch]] from the third century AD.
File:La Cathédrale de Reims .jpg|[[Cathedral of Reims]] where the [[kings of France]] were [[Coronation of the French monarch|traditionally crowned]]
File:View of Épernay from Mont Bernon.jpg|Vineyards near [[Épernay]]
File:Reims 2008 -Wineries of Champagne- by-RaBoe 05.jpg|[[Champagne]] bottles
File:Valmy Windmuehle 01 09.jpg|[[Battle of Valmy|Valmy Battlefield]]
File:Notredamedevaux-chevet.jpg|[[Notre-Dame-en-Vaux]] collegiate church in [[Châlons-en-Champagne]]
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Arrondissements of the Marne department]]
* [[Cantons of the Marne department]]
* [[Champagne Riots]]
* [[Communes of the Marne department]]
* [[French wine]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
{{EB1911 poster|Marne (department)|Marne}}
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://www.marne.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] 
* {{in lang|fr}} [https://marne.fr/ Departmental Council website] 
* {{in lang|en|fr}}  [https://www.tourisme-en-champagne.com/ Official Tourist Board]

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Marne (department)| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Grand Est]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]