Editing Marnardal

{{short description|Former municipality in Vest-Agder, Norway}}
{{Infobox kommune
|name                   = Marnardal
|former                 = yes
|native_name            = 
|native_name_lang       = 
|other_name             = 
|official_name          = 
|image_skyline          = 
|image_caption          = 
|idnumber               = 1021
|county                 = Vest-Agder
|district               = [[Sørlandet]]
|capital                = [[Heddeland]]
|established            = 1 Jan 1964
|preceded               = [[Laudal (municipality)|Laudal]] and [[Øyslebø (municipality)|Øyslebø]] municipalities
|disestablished         = 1 Jan 2020
|succeeded              = [[Lindesnes Municipality]]
|demonym                = Marnardøl
|language               = Neutral
|coatofarms             = Marnardal komm.svg
|webpage                = www.marnardal.kommune.no
|mayor                  = Helge Sandåker 
|mayor_party            = [[Norwegian Labour Party|Ap]]
|mayor_as_of            = 2007-2019
|area_rank              = 240
|area_total_km2         = 395.01
|area_land_km2          = 375.89
|area_water_km2         = 19.12
|area_water_percent     = 
|population_as_of       = 2020
|population_rank        = 306
|population_total       = 2,309
|population_density_km2 = 6.1
|population_increase    = 7.5
|coordinates            = {{coord|58|14|34|N|07|29|49|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}}
|utm_zone = 32V |utm_northing = 6456748 |utm_easting = 0411777 |geo_cat = adm2nd
}}

'''Marnardal''' is a [[List of former municipalities of Norway|former municipality]] in the old [[Vest-Agder]] county, [[Norway]]. It existed from 1964 until 2020 when it was merged into [[Lindesnes Municipality]] in what is now [[Agder]] county.  It was located in the [[Traditional districts of Norway|traditional district]] of [[Sørlandet]]. The [[administrative centre]] of the municipality was the village of [[Heddeland]]. Other villages in Marnardal include [[Bjelland]], [[Breland, Norway|Breland]], [[Koland]], [[Laudal]], and [[Øyslebø]].

The [[Sørlandet Line|Sørlandet Railway Line]] runs through the municipality stopping at [[Breland Station]] and [[Marnardal Station]].

At the time of its dissolution in 2020, the {{convert|395|km2|adj=on}} municipality is the 240th largest by area out of the 422 municipalities in Norway. Marnardal is the 306th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 2,309. The municipality's [[population density]] is {{convert|6.1|PD/km2}} and its population has increased by 7.5% over the last decade.<ref name="ssb pop">{{Cite web |last=Statistisk sentralbyrå |author-link=Statistics Norway |year=2017 |title=Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/statistikkbanken/selectvarval/Define.asp?subjectcode=&ProductId=&MainTable=Folkemengd1951&nvl=&PLanguage=1&nyTmpVar=true&CMSSubjectArea=befolkning&KortNavnWeb=folkendrhist&StatVariant=&checked=true |access-date=2017-11-05 |language=Norwegian}}</ref>

==General information==
[[File:Koland Norway.jpg|thumb|left|View around the [[Koland]] area]]
[[File:Øyslebø kirke, Vest-Agder - Riksantikvaren-T206 01 0012.jpg|thumb|left|View of [[Øyslebø Church]]]]
Marnardal was established as a new municipality on 1 January 1964 through the merger of several municipalities. These areas that became Marnardal included all [[Bjelland (municipality)|Bjelland]] municipality except for the Midtbø and Ågedal areas (population: 535), all of the municipality of [[Laudal (municipality)|Laudal]], the Kleveland bru area of [[Finsland (municipality)|Finsland]] (population: 34), and all of [[Øyslebø (municipality)|Øyslebø]] municipality except for the Brunvatne area (population: 1,068).<ref name="Dag">{{Cite web |last=Jukvam |first=Dag |year=1999 |title=Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf |publisher=[[Statistics Norway|Statistisk sentralbyrå]] |language=no |isbn=9788253746845}}</ref>

On 1 January 2020, the three neighboring municipalities of [[Mandal (municipality)|Mandal]], Marnardal, and [[Lindesnes]] were merged into one large municipality called ''Lindesnes'' with its [[administrative centre]] being the town of [[Mandal, Norway|Mandal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nye Lindesnes |url=https://www.lindesnes.kommune.no/lokaldemokratipolitikk-rad-og-utvalg/kommunereformen/1548-nye-lindesnes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107015331/https://www.lindesnes.kommune.no/lokaldemokratipolitikk-rad-og-utvalg/kommunereformen/1548-nye-lindesnes |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2017-11-05 |publisher=Lindesnes kommune |language=Norwegian}}</ref>

===Name===
The municipality is named after the Mandalen valley ({{langx|non|Marnardalr}}) in an attempt to revive the Old Norse name for the valley. The first element is the [[genitive case]] of the river name ''Mǫrn'' which is now called [[Mandalselva]]. The meaning of this old river name is uncertain, but it may be derived from the word {{wikt-lang|non|marr}} which means "[[sea]]". The last element is {{wikt-lang|non|dalr}} which means "[[valley]]" or "dale".<ref name="snl">{{Cite web |last=Store norske leksikon |author-link=Store norske leksikon |title=Marnardal |url=https://snl.no/Marnardal |access-date=2016-11-30 |language=Norwegian}}</ref> {{See also|Mandal (municipality)#Name}}

===Coat of arms===
The [[coat of arms]] was granted on 19 June 1987 until the municipality was dissolved on 1 January 2020. The official [[blazon]] is ''"[[Vert (heraldry)|Vert]], three pine cones in [[Pall (heraldry)|pall]] stems conjoined [[Or (heraldry)|Or]]"'' ({{langx|no|I grønt tre gull furukongler forent i trepass}}). This means the arms have a green [[field (heraldry)|field]] (background) and the [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] is a [[pine]] [[conifer cone|cone]]. The pine cones have a [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] of [[Or (heraldry)|Or]] which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it is made out of metal, then gold is used. The green color in the field and the choice of pine cones on the arms symbolize the importance of the forests which cover areas of the municipality. There are three conjoined pine cones to represent each of the three former municipalities of [[Bjelland (municipality)|Bjelland]], [[Laudal (municipality)|Laudal]], and [[Øyslebø (municipality)|Øyslebø]] which were merged into Marnardal in 1964. The arms were designed by Ulf Dreyer using an idea by Kjersti Tveit Nilsen. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.<ref name="snl" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen |url=https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Marnardal |access-date=2023-01-21 |publisher=Heraldry of the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Marnardal, Vest-Agder (Norway) |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/no-10-21.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1987-06-19 |title=Godkjenning av våpen og flagg |url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/LF/forskrift/1987-06-19-531?q=flagg |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Lovdata.no |publisher=Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet |language=no}}</ref>

===Churches===
The [[Church of Norway]] has three parishes ({{lang|no|sokn}}) within the municipality of Marnardal. It is part of the [[Mandal prosti]] ([[deanery]]) in the [[Diocese of Agder og Telemark]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ style="font-size:medium"|'''''Churches in Marnardal'''''
!Parish ({{lang|no|sokn}})!!Church name!!Location of the church!!Year built
|-
|rowspan="1"|Bjelland||[[Bjelland Church]]||[[Bjelland]]||1793
|-
|rowspan="1"|Laudal||[[Laudal Church]]||[[Laudal]]||1826
|-
|rowspan="1"|Øyslebø||[[Øyslebø Church]]||[[Øyslebø]]||1797
|}

==Government==
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for [[primary education]] (through 10th grade), outpatient [[Health care|health services]], [[old age|senior citizen]] services, [[unemployment]], [[Social work|social services]], [[zoning]], [[economic development]], and municipal [[road]]s. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a [[Municipal council (Norway)|municipal council]] of [[Direct election|directly elected]] representatives. The [[mayor]] was [[Indirect election|indirectly elected]] by a vote of the municipal council.<ref name="ks">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=kommunestyre |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/kommunestyre |access-date=2023-08-03 |date=2022-09-20 |editor-last=Hansen |editor-first=Tore |language=no |editor2-last=Vabo |editor2-first=Signy Irene}}</ref> The municipality was under the jurisdiction of the [[Kristiansand District Court]] and the [[Agder Court of Appeal]].

===Municipal council===
The [[Municipal council (Norway)|municipal council]] {{lang|no|(Kommunestyre)}} of Marnardal was made up of 21 representatives that were elected to four year terms. The tables below show the historical composition of the council by political [[Political party|party]]. 
{{div col}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 2016
|end                       = 2019
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2015 - Vest-Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/vest-agder/marnardal?type=ko&year=2015 |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Valg Direktoratet}}</ref><ref name="ssb valg">{{Cite web |title=Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/04813/ |publisher=Statistics Norway |language=Norwegian}}</ref>
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 9
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 1
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 5
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 2012
|end                       = 2015
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tall for Norge: Kommunestyrevalg 2011 - Vest-Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/vest-agder/marnardal?type=ko&year=2011 |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Valg Direktoratet}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 8
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 2
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Venstre                   = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 2008
|end                       = 2011
|reference                 = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 6
|Senterpartiet             = 6
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Venstre                   = 1
|Høyre                     = 3
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 2004
|end                       = 2007
|reference                 = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 7
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 6
|Venstre                   = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 2000
|end                       = 2003
|reference                 = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 2
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 4
|Senterpartiet             = 5
|Venstre                   = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1996
|end                       = 1999
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1995 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_c342.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Høyre                     = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 9
|Venstre                   = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1992
|end                       = 1995
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1991 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_c057.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 4
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 2
|Senterpartiet             = 8
|Venstre                   = 1
|otherparty                = Marnardal local list
|otherparty_no             = Marnardal bygdeliste
|otherparty_number         = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1988
|end                       = 1991
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1988 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1987 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b765.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Høyre                     = 4
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|DLF/V                     = 2
|otherparty                = Marnardal local list
|otherparty_no             = Marnardal Bygdeliste 
|otherparty_number         = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1984
|end                       = 1987
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1984 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1983 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b450.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|DLF/V                     = 1
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 5
|otherparty                = Marnardal local list
|otherparty_no             = Marnardal Bygdelista
|otherparty_number         = 4
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1980
|end                       = 1983
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1979 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1979 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b093.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 4
|DLF/V                     = 1
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 6
|otherparty                = Marnardal local list
|otherparty_no             = Marnardal bygdeliste
|otherparty_number         = 4
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1976
|end                       = 1979
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1977 |title=Kommunevalgene 1975 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a769.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 6
|DLF                       = 1
|Høyre                     = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 4
|Senterpartiet             = 7
|otherparty                = Cross-party list
|otherparty_no             = Tverrpolitisk Liste
|otherparty_number         = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1972
|end                       = 1975
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1973 |title=Kommunevalgene 1972 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a457.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 7
|Høyre                     = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 2
|Senterpartiet             = 8
|Venstre                   = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1968
|end                       = 1971
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1967 |title=Kommunevalgene 1967 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a214.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo |volume=I}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 6
|Høyre                     = 1
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 7
|Venstre                   = 4
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Marnardal
|start                     = 1964
|end                       = 1967
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1964 |title=Kommunevalgene 1963 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xii_138.pdf |access-date=2020-11-17 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=Norwegian |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 7
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 2
|Senterpartiet             = 8
|Venstre                   = 4
|}}
{{div col end}}

===Mayors===
{{incomplete list|date=August 2023}}
The [[Mayor#Scandinavia|mayors]] ({{langx|no|ordfører}}) of Marnardal (incomplete list):
*1999-2007: Ånen Trygsland ([[Centre Party (Norway)|Sp]])
*2007-2019: Helge Sandåker ([[Labour Party (Norway)|Ap]])

==Geography==
Marnardal was an inland municipality which follows the [[Mandalselva]] river through the [[Mandalen]] valley. The municipality bordered [[Evje og Hornnes]] municipality to the north in [[Aust-Agder]] county; [[Audnedal]] municipality to the west; [[Lindesnes]], [[Mandal, Norway|Mandal]], and [[Søgne]] municipalities to the south; and [[Songdalen]] and [[Vennesla]] municipalities in the east.

===Climate===
{{Weather box 
|metric first = yes
|single line  = yes
|location     = [[Bjelland]]
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
| Jan mean C = -2.5
| Feb mean C = -2.7
| Mar mean C = 0.0
| Apr mean C = 3.5
| May mean C = 9.8
| Jun mean C = 14.0
| Jul mean C = 15.2
| Aug mean C = 14.5
| Sep mean C = 10.2
| Oct mean C = 6.7
| Nov mean C = 2.2
| Dec mean C = -1.0
|year mean C = 5.8
<!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. -->
|precipitation colour = <!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
| Jan precipitation mm = 146
| Feb precipitation mm = 104
| Mar precipitation mm = 104
| Apr precipitation mm = 64
| May precipitation mm = 95
| Jun precipitation mm = 84
| Jul precipitation mm = 100
| Aug precipitation mm = 128
| Sep precipitation mm = 168
| Oct precipitation mm = 198
| Nov precipitation mm = 182
| Dec precipitation mm = 142
|year precipitation mm = 1515
<!-- Mandatory fields, source -->
|source 1= Norwegian Meteorological Institute<ref>{{Cite web |title=eKlima Web Portal |url=http://eklima.met.no |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040614073527/http://eklima.met.no/ |archive-date=2004-06-14 |publisher=Norwegian Meteorological Institute}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons category-inline|Marnardal}}
* {{wti|Marnardal}}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Vest-Agder}}

{{Agder}}
{{authority control}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}

[[Category:Marnardal| ]]
[[Category:Lindesnes]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of Norway]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in Norway]]
[[Category:2020 disestablishments in Norway]]