Editing Marlboro, Vermont

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Marlboro, Vermont
|settlement_type          = [[New England town|Town]]
|nickname                 =
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Meeting house marlboro vermont 20040911 crop.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = the Marlboro Meeting House Congregational Church (2004)
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = marlboro_vt_highlight.png
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Marlboro, Vermont
|image_map1               =
|mapsize1                 =
|map_caption1             =
|pushpin_map              = USA
|pushpin_map_caption      = Location in the United States
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Vermont]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Vermont|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Windham County, Vermont|Windham]]
|parts_type               = Communities
|parts                    = {{ubl|Marlboro|Ames Hill}}

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          =
|leader_title             =
|leader_name              =
|leader_title1            =
|leader_name1             =
|established_title        = Chartered
|established_date         = 1751

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref  =  Imperial
|area_footnotes           =
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 105.3
|area_land_km2            = 104.5
|area_water_km2           = 0.8
|area_total_sq_mi         = 40.7
|area_land_sq_mi          = 40.3
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.3

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     =
|population_total         = 1722
|population_density_km2   = 16.5
|population_density_sq_mi =

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset               = -5
|timezone_DST             = EDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -4
|elevation_footnotes      =
|elevation_m              = 364
|elevation_ft             = 1194
|coordinates              = {{coord|42|51|47|N|72|43|56|W|region:US-VT|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code              = 05344 (Marlboro)<br/>05301 ([[Brattleboro, Vermont|Brattleboro]])<br/>05363 ([[Wilmington, Vermont|Wilmington]])<br/>05351 ([[South Newfane, Vermont|South Newfane]])
|area_code                = [[Area code 802|802]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 50-43375<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1462143<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
|website                  =
|footnotes                =
}}

'''Marlboro''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Windham County, Vermont|Windham County]], [[Vermont]], United States. The population was 1,722 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US5002543375|title=Census - Geography Profile: Marlboro town, Windham County, Vermont|access-date=January 3, 2022}}</ref> The town is home to the Southern Vermont Natural History Museum and [[Potash Hill]], the campus that was formerly [[Marlboro College]]. Potash Hill hosts the [[Marlboro Music School and Festival]] each summer, as well as other arts and education programs throughout the year.

==History==

Named "New Marlborough" for the [[Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough|Duke of Marlborough]] until 1800,<ref name=brief>[http://marlboro.vt.us/groups/historical_society "Brief History of Marlboro"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421195148/http://marlboro.vt.us/groups/historical_society |date=April 21, 2012 }} on the Marlboro Historical Society website</ref> the town was a [[New Hampshire grants|New Hampshire grant]] chartered on April 29, 1751, to Timothy Dwight and 64 others from [[Northampton, Massachusetts|Northampton]], [[Massachusetts]] and vicinity.  The [[French and Indian War]] prevented settlement, so the first charter was forfeited and a new one issued<ref name=brief /> by Governor [[Benning Wentworth]] on September 21, 1761, then again on April 17, 1764, as New Marlborough.  The town was surveyed in 1762, and 64 equal "rights" (divisions) were created, with four lots in the center of town excepted.<ref name=brief /> First settled in 1763,<ref name=brief /><ref>[http://newenglandtowns.org/vermont/marlborough Hayward's ''New England Gazetteer of 1839'']</ref> the town grew rapidly between 1764 and 1770 with emigrants from Massachusetts and [[Connecticut]].<ref>Coolidge, Austin J. & Mansfield, John B. [https://books.google.com/books?id=OcoMAAAAYAAJ&dq=coolidge%20mansfield%20history%20description%20new%20england%201859&pg=PA841 ''A History and Description of New England''] Boston, Massachusetts(1859)</ref>  By 1799 there were 313 children registered in the town's schools.<ref name=brief />

The town's population peaked in 1820 with 1300 people, the subsequent decline caused by immigration to the west and a downturn in the area's economy.<ref name=brief /> Although the [[terrain]] is mountainous, the soil is rich and deep, which allowed [[farmer]]s to grow good crops. When the population was 896 in 1859, the community was almost exclusively [[agriculture|agricultural]].<ref>Newton, Ephriam Holland. [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~vtwindha/vhg5/marlboro.htm "Marlboro"] ''Vermont Historical Gazetteer'' Brandon, Vermont (1891)</ref>

===Town Common===

[[Image:View of Marlboro, VT.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The Town Common in 1908]]
[[File:Marlboro Town House side view.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The Town House, used for town meetings, was built in 1822, and later moved to its current location]]

Located on the Town Common are the Town House (1822), used for town meetings, the Town Offices and Post Office building (1969), the Marlboro Meeting House Congregational Church (1931), and the Whetstone Inn ({{circa|1775}}).

The town's first church was organized in 1776, and put up at the top of Town Hill in 1778. In 1820, it was replaced by a newer structure nearby, and timbers and board from the old church were used in 1822 to build the Town House, which was also located in the vicinity. Between 1836 and 1844 both of these buildings—the church and the Town House—were moved down the hill to about their current locations on the Town Common. The church burned down in 1931 was replaced by the current one, which is roughly a reproduction of its predecessor, except slightly smaller.<ref name=brief />

After the move down the hill, Town House was on the east side of South Road, but when it was hit by a new, oversized snow plow in 1966, it was moved across the road to its current location.<ref>Interview with Forrest Holzapfel, Town Historian, April 1912</ref>

The Whetstone Inn was built around 1775 by Deacon Jonas Whitney, who arrived in Marlboro in 1773.  Over its history, it has been various used as a courthouse, church, tavern, dance hall and post office.<ref name=brief />

=== 20th century ===
In 1946, [[Marlboro College]] was founded on the site of three farms<ref name=college>[http://www.marlboro.edu/about/history/ "Marlboro College Through the Years"] on the Marlboro College website</ref> by Walter Hendricks, for returning [[World War II]] [[veterans]],<ref>[http://www.virtualvermont.com/towns/marlboro.html "Marlboro, Vermont"] on the Virtual Vermont website</ref> with poet [[Robert Frost]] as its first trustee.<ref name=college /> The [[Marlboro Music School and Festival]], founded in 1951, is held each summer on the Potash Hill campus.<ref name=brief />

=== 21st century ===
In 2006, Marlboro was one of the first American towns to have its citizens pass a resolution [[movement to impeach George W. Bush|endorsing the impeachment of]] President [[George W. Bush]], and in 2011 it was one of thirteen Vermont towns isolated by flooding caused by [[Hurricane Irene (2011)|Hurricane Irene]].<ref>Cooper, Michael. [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/31/us/31floods.html "Floodwaters From Storm Isolate 13 Vermont Towns"], ''[[New York Times]]'' (August 30, 2011)</ref>{{clear left}}

{{US Census population
|align=left
|1790= 629
|1800= 1087
|1810= 1245
|1820= 1296
|1830= 1218
|1840= 1027
|1850= 896
|1860= 741
|1870= 665
|1880= 553
|1890= 495
|1900= 448
|1910= 442
|1920= 300
|1930= 255
|1940= 225
|1950= 311
|1960= 347
|1970= 592
|1980= 695
|1990= 924
|2000= 978
|2010= 1078
|2020= 1722
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=May 16, 2015}}</ref>
}}

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 40.7&nbsp;square miles (105.3&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), of which 40.3&nbsp;square miles (104.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.3&nbsp;square mile (0.8&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) (0.79%) is water. Marlboro is drained by the western branch of the [[West River (Vermont)|West River]], [[Whetstone Brook]] and the Green River.

The town is crossed by [[Vermont Route 9]], also known as the "Molly Stark Trail".

==Demographics==

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 978 people, 330 households, and 215 families residing in the town.  The [[population density]] was 24.3 people per square mile (9.4/km<sup>2</sup>).  There were 497 housing units at an average density of 12.3 per square mile (4.8/km<sup>2</sup>).  The racial makeup of the town was 96.32% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.20% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.20% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.02% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.41% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.72% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.12% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.82% of the population.

There were 330 households, out of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.8% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.0% under the age of 18, 23.3% from 18 to 24, 20.1% from 25 to 44, 27.5% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $41,429, and the median income for a family was $44,861. Males had a median income of $30,313 versus $25,673 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $19,503.  About 0.9% of families and 3.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 1.9% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.

[[Image:View of South Pond, Marlboro, VT.jpg|thumb|right|250px|South Pond in 1908]]
[[File:Colonel Williams Inn Marlboro Vermont.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Colonel Williams Inn, on the Molly Stark Trail (State Route 9) was built {{circa|1769}}]]
[[File:Marlboro Whetstone Inn Marlboro Vermont.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Whetstone Inn, on the Town Common, was built {{circa|1775}}]]

==Education==
Students from kindergarten to eighth grade attend [[Marlboro School]], which replaced a number of one-room schoolhouses in 1954.<ref name=brief />

==Media==
Marlboro is home to the [[WRSY]]-FM, 101.5, radio station.{{clear left}}

==Sites of interest==
* [[Marlboro Historical Society & Museum]]
* [[Southern Vermont Natural History Museum]]

== Notable people ==
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· The article must mention how they are associated with Marlboro, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
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· All others will be deleted.-->

* Pete Bernhard, member of the band [[The Devil Makes Three (band)|The Devil Makes Three]]
* [[Newel Knight]], religious leader
* [[Richard Lewontin]], biologist and treasurer of the Marlboro Historical Society
* [[Margaret MacArthur]], folk historian and musician
* [[Joseph Mazur]], professor of mathematics
* [[Louis Moyse]], flute player and composer
* [[Blanche Honegger Moyse]], conductor
* [[Edson B. Olds]], U.S. Congressman
* [[Tasha Tudor]], author and illustrator of children's books
* [[Newel K. Whitney]], prominent in [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] and businessman

==See also==
*
*[[Marlboro Music School and Festival]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://marlborovt.us/ Town of Marlboro, Vermont, official website]

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{{Windham County, Vermont|state=collapsed}}

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[[Category:Marlboro, Vermont| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Vermont]]
[[Category:Towns in Windham County, Vermont]]