Editing Markham, Ontario

{{Short description|City in Ontario, Canada}}
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Markham
| official_name            = City of Markham
| settlement_type          = [[List of cities in Ontario|City]] ([[List of municipalities in Ontario#Lower-tier municipalities|lower-tier]])
| nickname                 = The High-Tech Capital
| motto                    = Leading While Remembering
| image_skyline            = MarkhamCivicCenter27.jpg
| image_caption            = [[Markham Civic Centre]]
| image_shield             = Coat of Arms Markham Ontario.jpg
| shield_size              = 100x90px
| image_flag               = Flag_of_Markham.png
| flag_size                = 100x90px
| image_blank_emblem       = Markham Ontario logo.gif
| blank_emblem_size        = 100x90px
| blank_emblem_type        = Logo
| image_map                = Markham within York Region.svg
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location of Markham within York Region
| pushpin_map              = Canada Southern Ontario
| pushpin_mapsize          = 200
| pushpin_map_caption      = Markham in relation to southern Ontario
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = Canada
| subdivision_type1        = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Ontario]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Regional municipality|Regional Municipality]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Regional Municipality of York|York Region]]
| subdivision_type3        = Communities
| subdivision_name3        = 
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = [[Frank Scarpitti]]
| leader_title1            = Deputy&nbsp;Mayor
| leader_name1             = [[Michael Chan (Canadian politician)|Michael Chan]]
| leader_title2            = Governing Body
| leader_name2             = [[Markham City Council]]
| leader_title3            = [[2015 Canadian federal election|MPs]]
| leader_name3             = {{Collapsible list
|title = List of MPs
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style =
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1=[[Tim Hodgson (politician)|Tim Hodgson]] [[Liberal Party of Canada|(L)]]
|2=[[Helena Jaczek]] [[Liberal Party of Canada|(L)]]
|3=[[Melissa Lantsman]] [[Conservative Party of Canada|(C)]]
|4=[[Michael Ma]] [[Conservative Party of Canada|(C)]]
}}
| leader_title4            = [[2018 Ontario general election|MPPs]]
| leader_name4             = {{Collapsible list
|title = List of MPPs
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1=[[Paul Calandra]] [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|(PC)]]
|2=[[Logan Kanapathi]] [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|(PC)]]
|3=[[Laura Smith (Canadian politician)|Laura Smith]] [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|(PC)]]
|4=[[Billy Pang]] [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|(PC)]]}}
| established_title        = Settled
| established_date         = 1794 (Thornhill and Unionville)
| established_title2       = Incorporated
| established_date2        = 1872 (village) <br /> 1971 (town) <br /> 2012 (city)
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="2021census">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDlist=2021A00053519036|title=Markham, City Ontario (Census Subdivision)|work=Census Profile, [[Canada 2021 Census]]|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|date=9 February 2022|access-date=12 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212191135/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&DGUIDlist=2021A00053519036|url-status=live}}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 210.93
| population_as_of         = [[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]
| population_footnotes     = <ref name=2021census/>
| population_total         = 338503 ([[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|16th]])
| population_density_km2   = 1604.8
| population_demonym       = Markhamite
| elevation_m              = 200
| timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset               = −05:00
| timezone_DST             = EDT
| utc_offset_DST           = −04:00
| coordinates              = {{coord|43|52|36|N|79|15|48|W|region:CA-ON|notes=<ref name=cgndb>{{Cite cgndb|FDNFZ|Markham}}</ref>|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type         = Forward Sortation Area
| postal_code              = [[List of L postal codes of Canada|L3P to L3S, L6B to L6G]]
| area_codes                = [[Area codes 905, 289, and 365|905, 289, 365, and 742]]
| blank_name               = [[ISO 3166-2:CA|ISO 3166-2]]
| blank_info               = CA-ON
| blank1_name              = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code
| blank1_info              = FDNFZ<ref name=cgndb/>
| website                  = {{Official URL}}
}}

'''Markham''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɑːr|k|ə|m}}) is a city in [[Regional Municipality of York|York Region]], [[Ontario]], Canada. It is approximately {{cvt|30|km}} northeast of [[Downtown Toronto]]. In the [[Canada 2021 Census|2021 Census]], Markham had a population of 338,503,<ref name="2021census"/> which ranked it the largest in York Region, fourth largest in the [[Greater Toronto Area]] (GTA), and [[List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population|16th largest]] in Canada.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/life/homes/2015/07/24/why-markham-is-the-next-highrise-community.html|title=Why Markham is the next highrise community|last=Tuckey|first=Bryan|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|date=24 July 2015|access-date=12 April 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304123549/http://www.thestar.com/life/homes/2015/07/24/why-markham-is-the-next-highrise-community.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city gained its name from the first [[Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada]], [[John Graves Simcoe]] (in office 1791–1796), who named the area after his friend, [[William Markham (bishop)|William Markham]], the [[Archbishop of York]] from 1776 to 1807.

Indigenous people lived in the area of present-day Markham for thousands of years before Europeans arrived in the area.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Markham {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/markham|access-date=2021-06-10|website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca|archive-date=2021-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610123117/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/markham|url-status=live}}</ref> The first European settlement in Markham occurred when [[William Moll Berczy|William Berczy]], a German artist and developer, led a group of approximately sixty-four German families to North America. While they planned to settle in New York, disputes over finances and land tenure led Berczy to negotiate with Simcoe for {{cvt|64,000|acre|order=flip}} in what would later become Markham Township in 1794.<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/Heritage/MarkhamHistory
 |title        = A history of the town of Markham
 |year         = 2012
 |work         = City of Markham
 |publisher    = The Corporation of the City of Markham
 |access-date  = 2013-04-09
 |quote        = In May 1794, Berczy negotiated with Simcoe for 64,000 acres in Markham Township, soon to be known as the German Company Lands. The Berczy settlers, joined by several Pennsylvania German families, set out for Upper Canada. Sixty-four families arrived that year [...]
 |archive-date = 2014-08-08
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140808043304/http://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/Heritage/MarkhamHistory
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> Since the 1970s, Markham rapidly shifted from being an agricultural community to an industrialized municipality due to [[urban sprawl]] from neighbouring [[Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/Heritage/MarkhamHistory
 |title        = A history of the town of Markham
 |year         = 2012
 |work         = City of Markham
 |publisher    = The Corporation of the City of Markham
 |access-date  = 2013-04-09
 |archive-date = 2014-08-08
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140808043304/http://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/Heritage/MarkhamHistory
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> Markham changed its status from town to city on July 1, 2012.<ref name="city">[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/markham-to-change-from-town-to-city-1.1179129 "Markham to change from town to city"] . [[CBC News]], May 30, 2012.</ref>

{{As of | 2013}}, tertiary industry mainly drives Markham. {{As of | 2010}}, "business services" employed the largest proportion of workers in Markham – nearly 22% of its labour force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.markham.ca/NR/rdonlyres/3A5704C2-14B8-4D87-BE6C-D3F748A56D7B/0/economicprofile_yearend10.pdf|title=Labour Force Profile|work=Economic Profile Year End 2010|publisher=Town of Markham Economic Development Department|page=10|year=2010|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318234716/http://www.markham.ca/NR/rdonlyres/3A5704C2-14B8-4D87-BE6C-D3F748A56D7B/0/economicprofile_yearend10.pdf|archive-date=March 18, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The city also has over 1,000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/FactsStats/!ut/p/a1/hZDBToNAFEW_hu3MLTMwo7sRhI7WUkhocTaGNkhJCjSA8vtS7aaJ4tu95Jzc-x41NKOmyT-rMh-qtslPl924b1wmygvWiIONfQf96C-ZDiMGiAl4nQAvVEsuVgDS0IcW8UMavTwzaPfHj0LPW21lbCcc0NrfOms_XsgAVx9_jMJ_-TtqZiMSXIG5it_ATIcnaqp9TcZDTUAYl9LhtpBsIYQrnMsJqtkzWVLTFe9FV3Tko5tedxyGc39vwcI4jqRs2_JUkENu4Tfj2PYDzW5Aeq7TDNWm3slefQH1M-gD/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|title=Markham Quick Facts – 2016}}</ref> technology and life-sciences companies, with [[IBM]] as the city's largest employer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.markham.ca/Markham/Departments/EDO/HiTech_Capital.htm|title=Why is Markham Canadaès High-Tech Capital?|work=Town of Markham|publisher=The Corporation of the Town of Markham|year=2011|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218024026/http://markham.ca/Markham/Departments/EDO/HiTech_Capital.htm|archive-date=December 18, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.markham.ca/NR/rdonlyres/CB90E638-CD59-40E7-894B-0D9EFD01D621/0/Top100Employersin2011.pdf|title=Top 10 Employers in Markham|publisher=Town of Markham|date=April 2011|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318234824/http://www.markham.ca/NR/rdonlyres/CB90E638-CD59-40E7-894B-0D9EFD01D621/0/Top100Employersin2011.pdf|archive-date=March 18, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several multinational companies have their Canadian headquarters in Markham, including: [[Honda Canada Inc.|Honda Canada]], [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Help Centre |url=https://www.hyundaicanada.com/en/about/helpcentre |publisher=Hyundai Auto Canada Corp. |access-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101180428/https://www.hyundaicanada.com/en/about/helpcentre |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Advanced Micro Devices]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com/us/aboutamd/contact-us/Pages/locations.aspx|title=AMD Locations|work=AMD|publisher=Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.|year=2011|access-date=May 26, 2011|archive-date=May 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514192558/http://www.amd.com/us/aboutamd/contact-us/Pages/locations.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Johnson & Johnson]], [[General Motors]], [[Avaya]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avaya.com/gcm/nar/en-us/tasks/connect/contacts/sales/salescontact.htm|title=Connect with Avaya|work=Avaya|publisher=Avaya Inc.|year=2011|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-date=23 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623202357/https://www.avaya.com/gcm/nar/en-us/tasks/connect/contacts/sales/salescontact.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[IBM]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ca/en/|title=IBM: Helping Canada and the World Work Better|work=About IBM|publisher=IBM|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-date=11 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511104154/http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ca/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Motorola]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motorolasolutions.com/US-EN/About/Company+Overview/Office+Locations|title=Office Locations|work=About Us|publisher=Motorola Solutions, Inc.|year=2011|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-date=21 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521033743/http://www.motorolasolutions.com/US-EN/About/Company+Overview/Office+Locations|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oracle.com/ca-en/corporate/contact/index.html|title=Contact Us – Oracle Canada|website=www.oracle.com|access-date=2012-07-12|archive-date=2012-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515072346/http://www.oracle.com/ca-en/corporate/contact/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Toshiba]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toshiba.ca/web/link?id=2820|title=Contact Us|work=Support|publisher=Toshiba Canada|year=2011|access-date=26 May 2011|archive-date=12 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612044516/http://www.toshiba.ca/web/link?id=2820|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Toyota Financial Services]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyota.ca/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/WWW.woa/3/wo/Home.TFS-SFvB7tBzfnLyd2bSuvEgb0/0.5?a150700e.html|title=Toyota Canada – Cars, Pickup Trucks, SUVs, Hybrids and Crossovers|website=Toyota Canada|access-date=2018-02-27|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051740/http://www.toyota.ca/cgi-bin/WebObjects.exe/WWW.woa/3/wo/Home.TFS-SFvB7tBzfnLyd2bSuvEgb0/0.5?a150700e.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Huawei]], [[Honeywell]], [[General Electric]]<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611143626/https://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/offices/rscanada.htm |archivedate=11 Jun 2023 |website=www.gegridsolutions.com |title=Canadian Regional Sales Offices |url=https://www.gegridsolutions.com/multilin/offices/rscanada.htm}}</ref> and [[Scholastic Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scholastic.ca|title=Scholastic Canada|website=Scholastic Canada|access-date=2022-03-21|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309085011/https://www.scholastic.ca/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Old Town Hall-96 Main-Markham-Ontario-HPC15343-20201017 (1).jpg|thumb|left|[[Markham Village Town Hall|The Old Town Hall of Markham]]]]
{{Main|History of Markham, Ontario}}Indigenous people lived in the area of present-day Markham since the end of the last Ice Age and the city is situated on the traditional territory of the [[Iroquois|Haudenosaunee]] ([[Iroquois]]), [[Huron-Wendat Nation|Huron Wendat]], [[Petun]] and [[Neutral Nation|Neutral]] people.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url= https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/Heritage/Markham-Village-Heritage-Tour/Aboriginal-Presence-in-the-Rouge-Valley/!ut/p/a1/hZDBboMwEES_hqs9tnEwvTkQUZO0KZVIqC8ViShBChABLb9fEuVSqaV7W-k9zexSSzNqm_yrKvOhapv8fN3t4j02CJheI47ESkBzE6iliJVcsQl4m4Ag0o-utwGQRiGMlyzT7dNawCxuvruNgmCzUwl_dQFjwp18DhOmJL_7-GM0_svfUzsbkcg7MFfxBsx0iKmtDjUZjzUBYb4vBAPjHrgvJVfXG3RzEKqktis-iq7oyGc3_e40DJf-wYGDcRxJ2bbluSDH3MFvxqntB5r9AOmlTjNUL_Ve9fobJ_uauA!!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|title= Aboriginal Presence in the Rouge Valley|last= City of Markham|date= 2014|website= City of Markham Tourism|access-date= 2018-03-14|archive-date= 2018-03-13|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180313235947/https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/Heritage/Markham-Village-Heritage-Tour/Aboriginal-Presence-in-the-Rouge-Valley/!ut/p/a1/hZDBboMwEES_hqs9tnEwvTkQUZO0KZVIqC8ViShBChABLb9fEuVSqaV7W-k9zexSSzNqm_yrKvOhapv8fN3t4j02CJheI47ESkBzE6iliJVcsQl4m4Ag0o-utwGQRiGMlyzT7dNawCxuvruNgmCzUwl_dQFjwp18DhOmJL_7-GM0_svfUzsbkcg7MFfxBsx0iKmtDjUZjzUBYb4vBAPjHrgvJVfXG3RzEKqktis-iq7oyGc3_e40DJf-wYGDcRxJ2bbluSDH3MFvxqntB5r9AOmlTjNUL_Ve9fobJ_uauA!!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|url-status= live}}</ref> In the early 1600s, when explorers from France arrived, they encountered the Huron-Wendat First Nation.<ref name=":3" /> The southwest corner of Markham is included in Treaty 13, known as the [[Toronto Purchase]] of 1787, which transferred roughly 250,800 acres of land from the Mississauga people to the British Crown for 10 shillings and fishing rights on the Etobicoke river.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-15|title=Fact Sheet - The Brant tract and the Toronto Purchase specific claims|url=http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100016064/1100100016065|access-date=2021-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415004921/http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100016064/1100100016065|archive-date=2013-04-15}}</ref> The remainder of Markham's land (roughly east of Woodbine Avenue/Highway 404) is covered by the Johnson-Butler Purchase of 1787-88 (aka Gunshot Treaty) and formally by the [[Williams Treaties]], signed in 1923.<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Farmers lined up to sell cream at Albert Reesor's Locust Hill Creamery - Markham, Ontario, Canada.jpg|thumb|left|Farmers lined up to sell cream at Albert Reesor's Locust Hill Creamery, {{circa| 1900}} in [[Locust Hill, Ontario]]]]

Objects recovered by local mill-owners, the Milne family, in the 1870s give evidence of a village within the boundaries of the present Milne Conservation Area.<ref name=":0" />

European settlement in Markham first began in 1794.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 22, 2023 |title=Markham History |url=https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/about/markham-heritage/markham-history/01-markham-history |website=The City of Markham Official Website}}</ref> The [[Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada]], [[John Graves Simcoe]] (in office 1791–1796), named the [[Township (Canada)|township]] of Markham, north of the town of [[York, Upper Canada|York]] (now [[Toronto]]), after his friend [[William Markham (archbishop)|William Markham]], then [[Archbishop of York]]. [[William Berczy]] first surveyed Markham as a township in 1793, and in 1794 led 75 German families (including the Ramers, Reesors, Wheters, Burkholders, Bunkers, Wicks and Lewis) from [[Upstate New York]] to an area of Markham now known as [[German Mills, Ontario|German Mills]].<ref>For a complete history, cf. Isabel Champion, ed., ''[http://www.ourroots.ca/toc.aspx?id=12398&amp;qryID=e75521c2-aba3-47a9-a263-e19a495bd7c8 Markham: 1793–1900]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979).</ref> Each family was granted {{cvt|200|acre|order=flip}} of land; however the lack of roads in the region led many to settle in [[York, Upper Canada|York]] (present-day Toronto) and [[Regional Municipality of Niagara|Niagara]]. German Mills later became a [[ghost town]]. Between 1803 and 1812 another attempt at settling the region was made. The largest group of settlers were [[Pennsylvania Dutch]], most of them [[Mennonite]]s. These highly skilled craftsmen and knowledgeable farmers settled the region and founded Reesorville, named after the Mennonite settler Joseph Reesor.<ref>See I. Champion, ''[http://www.ourroots.ca/page.aspx?id=4109311&amp;qryID=452c21d6-b399-42e9-b82b-f550010c41f3 Markham: 1793–1900] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120908132900/http://www.ourroots.ca/page.aspx?id=4109311&qryID=452c21d6-b399-42e9-b82b-f550010c41f3 |date=2012-09-08 }}'' (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979), p. 248; also [http://www.markham.ca/mpl/subjguides/HotTopics/Heritage_Week.asp Markham Village – A Brief History 1800–1919] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610013627/http://www.markham.ca/mpl/subjguides/HotTopics/Heritage_Week.asp |date=2011-06-10 }}, Markham Public Library (website).</ref> In 1825 Reesorville was renamed to Markham and took the name of the unincorporated [[village]] (see [[Markham Village, Ontario]]).

By 1830, many [[Irish people|Irish]], [[Scottish people|Scottish]] and [[English people|English]] families began immigrating to [[Upper Canada]] and settling in Markham.<ref>For a complete history of Markham's early years, cf. Isabel Champion, ed., [http://ourroots.ca/toc.aspx?id=12398&amp;qryID=3b7002e4-9e96-4390-9f5c-37df98653025 Markham: 1793–1900]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{cite web |url= http://ourroots.ca/toc.aspx?id=12398&amp;qryID=3b7002e4-9e96-4390-9f5c-37df98653025 |title= Markham: 1793–1900 |access-date= 2018-01-18 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979).</ref> Markham's early years blended the rigours of the [[frontier]] with the development of agriculture-based industries.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The township's many rivers and streams soon supported water-powered saws and [[gristmill]]s and later wooden mills. With improved transportation routes, such as the construction of [[Yonge Street]] in the 1800s, along with the growing population, urbanization increased. In 1842 the township population had reached 5,698; {{cvt|29,005|acre|order=flip}} were under cultivation (second highest in the [[Province of Canada|province]]), and the township had eleven gristmills and twenty-four sawmills.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/smithscanadianga00smit#page/110/mode/2up Markham], ''Canadian Gazetteer'' (Toronto: Roswell, 1849), 111.</ref>

In 1846 Smith's ''Canadian Gazetteer'' indicated a population of about 300, mostly Canadians, Pennsylvanian Dutch (actually Pennsylvania Deitsch or German), other Germans, Americans, Irish and a few from Britain. There were two churches with a third being built. There were tradesmen of various types, a grist mill, an oatmill mill, five stores, a distillery and a threshing-machine maker. There were eleven grist and twenty-four saw mills in the surrounding township.<ref>{{cite book |last= Smith |first= Wm. H. |date= 1846 |title= Smith's Canadian Gazetteer – Statistical and General Information Respecting All Parts of the Upper Province, or Canada West|url= https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit |location= Toronto |publisher= H. & W. ROWSELL |page= [https://archive.org/details/smithscanadianga00smit/page/111 111]}}</ref> In 1850 the first form of structured municipal government formed in Markham.<ref>Cf. C.P. Mulvany ''et al.'', [https://archive.org/stream/historyoftoronto01mulvuoft#page/114/mode/2up The Township of Markham], ''History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario'' (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), 114ff.</ref>
[[File:Main Street Unionville 2.jpg|thumb|left|Main Street Unionville]]
By 1857 most of the township had been cleared of timber and was under cultivation. Villages like [[Thornhill, Ontario|Thornhill]], [[Unionville, Ontario|Unionville]] and Markham greatly expanded.<ref>Cf. the detailed 1878 map, [http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/countyatlas/images/maps/townshipmaps/yor-m-markham.jpg Township of Markham] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817120822/http://digital.library.mcgill.ca/countyatlas/Images/Maps/TownshipMaps/yor-m-markham.jpg |date=2020-08-17 }}, ''Illustrated historical atlas of the county of York and the township of West Gwillimbury & town of Bradford in the county of Simcoe, Ont.'' (Toronto : Miles & Co., 1878).</ref> In 1851 Markham Village "was a considerable village, containing between eight and nine hundred inhabitants, pleasantly situated on the Rouge River. It contains two grist mills ... a woollen factory, oatmeal mill, barley mill and distillery, foundry, two tanneries, brewery, etc., a temperance hall and four churches... ."<ref>C.P. Mulvany, et al., "[https://archive.org/stream/historyoftoronto01mulvuoft#page/198/mode/2up The Village of Markham]," ''History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario'' (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), p. 198.</ref> In 1871, with a township population of 8,152,<ref>C.P. Mulvany, et al., "[https://archive.org/stream/historyoftoronto01mulvuoft#page/120/mode/2up The Township of Markham]," ''History of Toronto and County of York, Ontario'' (Toronto: C.B. Robinson, 1885), p. 121.</ref> the [[Toronto and Nipissing Railway]] built the first rail line to Markham Village and Unionville, which is still used today by the [[GO Transit]] commuter services.

In 1971 Markham was incorporated as a town, as its population skyrocketed due to [[urban sprawl]] from Toronto. In 1976 Markham's population was approximately 56,000. Since that time, the population has more than quintupled, with explosive growth in new subdivisions. Much of Markham's [[arable land|farmland]] has disappeared, but some still remains north of [[York Regional Road 25|Major Mackenzie Drive]]. Controversy over the development of the environmentally-sensitive [[Oak Ridges Moraine]] will likely{{original research inline|date=November 2019}} curb development north of Major Mackenzie Drive and by [[Rouge National Urban Park]] east of Reesor Road between Major Mackenzie Drive to Steeles Avenue East to the south.
[[File:Markham-suburbs id.jpg|thumb|left|Suburban [[tract housing]] in southeastern Markham]]
[[File:RachelandBates.JPG|thumb|left|Public housing in [[Cachet, Markham|Cachet]]]]
Since the 1980s Markham has been recognized{{by whom|date=November 2019}} as a suburb of Toronto. {{As of | 2006}} the city comprises six major communities: [[Berczy Village, Ontario|Berczy Village]], [[Cornell, Ontario|Cornell]], Markham Village, [[Milliken, Ontario|Milliken]], Thornhill and Unionville. Many high-tech companies have established [[head office]]s in Markham, attracted by the relative abundance of land, low tax-rates and good transportation routes. [[Broadcom]] Canada, ATI Technologies (now known as AMD Graphics Product Group), [[IBM Canada Head Office Building|IBM Canada]], Motorola Canada, Honeywell Canada and many other well-known companies have chosen Markham as their home in Canada. The city has accordingly started branding itself as Canada's "High-Tech Capital". The province of Ontario has erected a historical plaque in front of the [[Markham Museum]] to commemorate the founding of Markham's role{{clarify|date=November 2019}} in Ontario's heritage.<ref>{{cite web
 |url= http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_VWZ/Plaque_York11.html
 |title= Ontario Plaque
 |publisher= Ontarioplaques.com
 |date= 2009-09-22
 |access-date= 2011-03-10
 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120325212638/http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_VWZ/Plaque_York11.html
 |archive-date= 2012-03-25
 |url-status= dead
 }}</ref>

Town council voted on May 29, 2012, to change Markham's legal designation from "town" to "city"; according to Councillor Alex Chiu, who introduced the motion, the change of designation merely reflects the fact that many people already think of Markham as a city.<ref name=city /> Some residents objected to the change because it will involve unknown costs without any demonstrated benefits. The designation officially took effect on July 1.<ref name=city />

==Geography==

Markham covers {{cvt|212.47|km2}} and Markham's city centre is at {{Coord|43|53|N|79|15|W|type:lanmark_region:CA-ON|name=Markham city centre}}. It is bounded by five municipalities; in the west is [[Vaughan]] with the boundary along Yonge Street between [[Steeles Avenue]] and [[York Regional Road 7|Highway 7]] and [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]] with the boundary along Highway 7 from Yonge Street to [[Ontario Highway 404|Highway 404]] and at Highway 404 from Highway 7 to 19th Avenue and [[York Regional Road 14|Stouffville Road]]. In the south, it borders Toronto with the boundary along Steeles Avenue. In the north it borders [[Whitchurch–Stouffville]] with the boundary from Highway 404 to York-Durham Line between 19th Avenue and Stouffville Road. In the east it borders [[Pickering, Ontario|Pickering]] along York-Durham Line.

===Topography===
Markham's average altitude is at {{cvt|200|m}} and in general consists of gently rolling hills. The city is intersected by two rivers; the [[Don River (Ontario)|Don River]] and [[Rouge River (Ontario)|Rouge River]], as well as their tributaries. To the north is the Oak Ridges Moraine, which further elevates the elevation towards the north.

===Climate===

Markham borders and shares the same [[Geography of Toronto#Climate|climate as Toronto]]. On an average day, Markham is generally {{cvt|1|-|2|C-change}} cooler than in [[downtown Toronto]]. It has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'') and features warm, humid summers with rainfall occurring from May to October and cold, snowy winters. The highest temperature recorded was {{cvt|37.8|C}} on August 8, 2001, during the [[2001 Eastern North America heat wave|eastern North America heat wave]] and the lowest temperature recorded was {{cvt|−35.2|C}} on January 16, 1994, during the [[1994 North American cold wave]].<ref name="ccnmarkham"/>
{{Markham weatherbox}}

==Neighbourhoods==
{{wide image|MarkhamCivicCenter13.jpg|1300px|Skyline of Markham viewed from [[York Regional Road 7|Highway 7]] and Town Centre Blvd. [[Unionville High School (Ontario)|Unionville High School]], [[Markham Theatre|FLATO Markham Theatre]] and [[Markham Civic Centre|City Hall]] are the three buildings to the left. (2008)}}
Markham is made up of many original 19th-century communities, each with a distinctive character. Many of these, despite being technically suburban districts today, are still signed with official "city limits" signs on major roads:<!--places unlinked redirect back to this article-->
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Almira<ref>Cf. Isabel Champion, ed., ''[http://www.ourroots.ca/e/page.aspx?id=4109288 Markham: 1793–1900] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104091754/http://www.ourroots.ca/e/page.aspx?id=4109288 |date=2012-11-04 }}'' (Markham, ON: Markham Historical Society, 1979), pp. 225; 121f.; 148; 227; 338. See also articles on Almira from the [http://news.ourontario.ca/whitchurchstouffville/results?q=almira&st=kw Stouffville Tribune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726150255/http://news.ourontario.ca/whitchurchstouffville/results?q=almira&st=kw |date=2011-07-26 }}.</ref>
* [[Angus Glen, Ontario|Angus Glen]]
* [[Armadale, Ontario|Armadale]]
* Bayview Glen
* [[Berczy Village, Ontario|Berczy Village]]
* [[Box Grove, Ontario|Box Grove]]
* [[Brown's Corners, York Regional Municipality, Ontario|Brown's Corners]]
* Bullock
* [[Buttonville, Ontario|Buttonville]]
* [[Cachet, Ontario|Cachet]]
* [[Cashel, Ontario|Cashel]]
* [[Cathedraltown, Ontario|Cathedraltown]]
* [[Cedar Grove, Ontario|Cedar Grove]]
* Cedarwood
* [[Cornell, Ontario|Cornell]]
* Crosby
* [[Dollar, Ontario|Dollar]]
* [[Downtown Markham, Ontario|Downtown Markham]]
* [[Dickson Hill, Ontario|Dickson's Hill]]
* [[German Mills, Ontario|German Mills]]
* [[Greensborough, Ontario|Greensborough]]
* [[Hagerman's Corners, Ontario|Hagerman's Corners]]
* [[Langstaff, Ontario|Langstaff]]
* Legacy
* [[Locust Hill, Ontario|Locust Hill]]
* [[Markham Village, Ontario|Markham Village]]
* Middlefield
* [[Milliken, Ontario|Milliken Mills]]
* [[Milnesville, Ontario|Milnesville]]
* [[Mongolia, Ontario|Mongolia]]
* [[Mount Joy, Ontario|Mount Joy]]
* [[Quantztown, Ontario|Quantztown]]
* [[Raymerville – Markville East, Ontario|Raymerville – Markville East]]
* Rouge Fairways
* Sherwood – Amber Glen
* [[South Unionville]]
* [[Thornhill, Ontario|Thornhill]]
* [[Underwood, Ontario]]
* [[Unionville, Ontario|Unionville]]
* Uptown Markham
* [[Victoria Square, Ontario|Victoria Square]]
* [[Vinegar Hill, Ontario|Vinegar Hill]]
* [[Wismer Commons, Ontario|Wismer Commons]]
{{div col end}}

Thornhill and Unionville are popularly seen as being separate communities. Thornhill straddles the Markham-Vaughan municipal boundary (portions of it in both municipalities). Unionville is a single community with three sub-communities:
* Original Unionville is along Highway 7 and Kennedy Road
* South Unionville is a newer residential community (beginning from the 1990s onwards) south of Highway 7 to Highway 407 and from McCowan to Kennedy Road
* Upper Unionville is a new residential development built on the northeast corner of 16th Avenue and Kennedy Road

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title       = Markham
|type        = Canada
|align       = right
|width       =
|state       =
|shading     =
|percentages =
|footnote    = 2021{{Canada census/reference|year=2021|access_date=}}, 2016{{Canada census/reference|year=2016|access_date=}}, 2011{{Canada census/reference|year=2011|access_date=}}, 2006{{Canada census/reference|year=2006|access_date=}}, 2001 and 1996 {{Canada census/reference|year=2001}}, 1991 and 1986<ref>{{cite web |title=1991 Census Highlights |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf |page=9 |publisher=Statistics Canada |work=The Daily |date=April 28, 1992 |access-date=March 12, 2022 |archive-date=March 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324174505/http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2013/statcan/rh-hc/CS96-304-1994-eng.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!--
|1871|
|1881|
|1891|
|1901|
|[[Canada 1911 Census|1911]]|
|1921|
|1931|
|1941|
|1951|
|1961|
|1971|
|1981|-->
|1986|114,597
|1991|153,811
|[[Canada 1996 Census|1996]]|173,383
|[[Canada 2001 Census|2001]]|208,615
|[[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]|261,573
|[[Canada 2011 Census|2011]]|301,709
|[[Canada 2016 Census|2016]]|328,966
|[[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|338,503
}}

In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census of Population]] conducted by [[Statistics Canada]], Markham had a population of {{val|338503|fmt=commas}} living in {{val|110867|fmt=commas}} of its {{val|114908|fmt=commas}} total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:338503-328966}}|328966|1}} from its 2016 population of {{val|328966|fmt=commas}}. With a land area of {{convert|210.93|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|338503|210.93|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name=2021censusb>{{cite web| url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000203&geocode=A000235 | title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario | publisher=[[Statistics Canada]] | date=February 9, 2022 | accessdate=March 27, 2022}}</ref>

Immigrants made up 58% of the population of Markham in the 2021 census. Top countries of origin for the immigrant population were [[China]] (33.8%, excluding 16.4% from [[Hong Kong]]), [[India]] (7.2%), [[Sri Lanka]] (6.4%), [[Philippines]] (3.6%), [[Iran]] (3.5%), [[Pakistan]] (2.7%), [[Vietnam]] (1.8%), [[Jamaica]] (1.8%), [[Guyana]] (1.6).<ref name="2021censusB" />

=== Ethnicity ===
In the 2021 census, the most reported ethnocultural background was [[Chinese Canadian|Chinese]] (47.9%), followed by [[European Canadians|European]] (17.7%), [[South Asian Canadian|South Asian]] (17.6%), [[Black Canadians|Black]] (3.1%), [[West Asian Canadians|West Asian]] (2.9%), [[Filipino Canadian|Filipino]] (2.7%), [[Korean Canadians|Korean]] (1.3%), [[Arab Canadians|Arab]] (1.0%), [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]] (0.8%), and [[Southeast Asia]]n (0.7%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Markham, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=markham&DGUIDlist=2021A00053519036&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=9 February 2022}}</ref>

The most common ethnic or cultural origins as per the 2021 census are as follows: Chinese (43.3%), Indian (7.0%), Canadian (4.0%), English (3.8%), Hong Konger (3.7%), Sri Lankan (3.3%), Tamil (3.1%), Irish (3.1%), Scottish (3.1%), Filipino (2.9%), Italian (2.8%), Pakistani (2.1%), and Iranian (2.0%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Markham, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=markham&DGUIDlist=2021A00053519036&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=9 February 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable"
|+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the City of Markham (2001−2021)
! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]]<br>group
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=Markham&DGUIDlist=2021A00053519036&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="2016census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title= Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Geo2=CD&Code2=3519&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Data=Count&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="2006census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-08-20 |title= 2006 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-07-02 |title= 2001 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|-
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]]
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
!{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}
!{{Abbr|%|percentage}}
|-
| [[East Asian Canadians|East Asian]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.|name="EastAsian"}}
| 166,655
| {{Percentage | 166655 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 153,075
| {{Percentage | 153075 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 119,255
| {{Percentage | 119255 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 93,375
| {{Percentage | 93375 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 65,290
| {{Percentage | 65290 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| [[European Canadians|European]]{{efn|Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.|name="euro"}}
| 59,745
| {{Percentage | 59745 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 71,505
| {{Percentage | 71505 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 82,560
| {{Percentage | 82560 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 89,820
| {{Percentage | 89820 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 92,165
| {{Percentage | 92165 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| [[South Asian Canadians|South Asian]]
| 59,485
| {{Percentage | 59485 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 58,270
| {{Percentage | 58270 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 57,375
| {{Percentage | 57375 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 44,995
| {{Percentage | 44995 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 26,360
| {{Percentage | 26360 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Middle Eastern Canadians|Middle Eastern]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.|name="MiddleEastern"}}
| 12,900
| {{Percentage | 12900 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 11,160
| {{Percentage | 11160 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 9,585
| {{Percentage | 9585 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 7,515
| {{Percentage | 7515 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 3,965
| {{Percentage | 3965 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Southeast Asia]]n{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.|name="SoutheastAsian"}}
| 11,760
| {{Percentage | 11760 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 11,425
| {{Percentage | 11425 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 11,770
| {{Percentage | 11770 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 9,340
| {{Percentage | 9340 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 6,220
| {{Percentage | 6220 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| [[African-Canadian|African]]
| 10,435
| {{Percentage | 10435 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 9,655
| {{Percentage | 9655 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 9,715
| {{Percentage | 9715 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 8,005
| {{Percentage | 8005 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 7,860
| {{Percentage | 7860 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Latin American Canadians|Latin American]]
| 2,675
| {{Percentage | 2675 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 1,750
| {{Percentage | 1750 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 1,600
| {{Percentage | 1600 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 1,385
| {{Percentage | 1385 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 1,055
| {{Percentage | 1055 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| [[Indigenous peoples in Canada|Indigenous]]
| 630
| {{Percentage | 630 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 740
| {{Percentage | 740 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 485
| {{Percentage | 485 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 405
| {{Percentage | 405 - | 260760 | 2 }}
| 290
| {{Percentage | 290 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
| Other/[[Multiracial people|Multiracial]]{{efn|Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, {{abbr|n.i.e.|not included elsewhere}}" and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.|name="Other"}}
| 12,985
| {{Percentage | 12985 | 337255 | 2 }}
| 9,815
| {{Percentage | 9815 | 327400 | 2 }}
| 7,800
| {{Percentage | 7800 | 300140 | 2 }}
| 5,920
| {{Percentage | 5920 | 260760 | 2 }}
| 4,730
| {{Percentage | 4730 | 207940 | 2 }}
|-
! Total responses
! 337,255
! {{Percentage | 337255 | 338503 | 2 }}
! 327,400
! {{Percentage | 327400 | 328966 | 2 }}
! 300,140
! {{Percentage | 300140 | 301709 | 2 }}
! 260,760
! {{Percentage | 260760 | 261573 | 2 }}
! 207,940
! {{Percentage | 207940 | 208615 | 2 }}
|-
! Total population
! 338,503
! {{Percentage | 338503 | 338503 | 2 }}
! 328,966
! {{Percentage | 328966 | 328966 | 2 }}
! 301,709
! {{Percentage | 301709 | 301709 | 2 }}
! 261,573
! {{Percentage | 261573 | 261573 | 2 }}
! 208,615
! {{Percentage | 208615 | 208615 | 2 }}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="15" | {{small|Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses}}
|}

=== Religion ===
In 2021, 40.8% of the population did not identify with a particular religion. The most reported religions were [[Christianity]] (35.1%), [[Hinduism]] (9.2%), [[Islam]] (7.9%), [[Buddhism]] (4.0%), [[Judaism]] (1.4%), and [[Sikhism]] (1.1%).<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Markham, City (CY) [Census subdivision], Ontario |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=markham&DGUIDlist=2021A00053519036&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=9 February 2022}}</ref>

=== Language ===
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
|-
! ''Mother tongue''<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census - Language |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=1 |website=Statistics Canada |access-date=2021-08-21 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321205647/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! ''Population''
! ''%''
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| 114,200
| 34.8
|-
| [[Cantonese]]
| 72,620
| 22.2
|-
| [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
| 41,790
| 12.7
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| 14,625
| 4.5
|-
| [[Persian language|Persian]]
| 7,285
| 2.2
|-
| [[Urdu]]
| 6,380
| 1.9
|-
| [[Filipino language|Tagalog (Filipino)]]
| 4,640
| 1.4
|-
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| 4,510
| 1.4
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| 3,780
| 1.2
|-
| [[Italian language|Italian]]
| 3,690
| 1.1
|-
| [[Korean language|Korean]]
| 3,230
| 1.0
|-
| [[Arabic]]
| 2,720
| 0.8
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]
| 2,455
| 0.7
|-
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| 2,415
| 0.7
|-
| [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]
| 2,235
| 0.7
|-
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| 2,085
| 0.6
|-
| [[Southern Min|Min Nan]]
| 2,000
| 0.6
|-
| [[Russian language|Russian]]
| 1,995
| 0.6
|-
| [[French language|French]]
| 1,880
| 0.6
|-
| [[Chinese language|Chinese (unspecified)]]
| 1,480
| 0.5
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
| 1,355
| 0.4
|-
| [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
| 1,185
| 0.4
|-
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
| 1,125
| 0.3
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| 945
| 0.3
|-
| [[Shanghainese|Wu (Shanghainese)]]
| 940
| 0.3
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;"
|-
! ''Knowledge of language''<ref>{{cite web |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census - Language |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=1 |website=Statistics Canada |access-date=2021-08-21 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321205647/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519036&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&SearchText=Markham&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=Language&TABID=1&type=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! ''Population''
! ''%''
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| 294,505
| 90.0
|-
| [[Cantonese]]
| 88,700
| 27.1
|-
| [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]
| 64,350
| 19.7
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| 19,190
| 5.9
|-
| [[French language|French]]
| 19,190
| 5.9
|-
| [[Urdu]]
| 10,175
| 3.1
|-
| [[Hindi]]
| 9,655
| 2.9
|-
| [[Persian language|Persian]]
| 8,830
| 2.7
|-
| [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| 6,615
| 2.0
|-
| [[Filipino language|Tagalog (Filipino)]]
| 6,565
| 2.0
|-
| [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| 5,760
| 1.8
|-
| [[Italian language|Italian]]
| 5,140
| 1.6
|-
| [[Korean language|Korean]]
| 4,015
| 1.2
|-
| [[Arabic]]
| 3,920
| 1.2
|-
| [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
| 3,825
| 1.2
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]
| 3,705
| 1.1
|-
| [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]]
| 2,705
| 0.8
|-
| [[Russian language|Russian]]
| 2,410
| 0.7
|-
| [[Southern Min|Min Nan]]
| 2,295
| 0.7
|-
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]
| 1,950
| 0.6
|-
| [[German language|German]]
| 1,755
| 0.5
|-
| [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]
| 1,720
| 0.5
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
| 1,585
| 0.5
|-
| [[Chinese language|Chinese (unspecified)]]
| 1,535
| 0.5
|-
| [[Shanghainese|Wu (Shanghainese)]]
| 1,255
| 0.4
|}
{{Clear left}}

==Government==
{{See also|List of mayors of Markham, Ontario}}

===City Council===
[[Markham City Council]] consists of [[Frank Scarpitti]] as mayor, four regional councillors and eight ward councillors each representing one of the city's eight wards. Scarpitti replaced [[Don Cousens]], a former [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|Progressive Conservative]] [[Member of Provincial Parliament (Ontario)|MPP]] for [[Markham (federal electoral district)|Markham]] and a [[Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian]] church minister. The community elects the mayor and four regional councillors to represent the City of Markham at the regional level. The municipality pays the Councillors for their services, but in many municipalities, members of council usually serve part-time and work at other jobs. Residents elected the current members of council to a four-year term of office, in accordance with standards set by the province. The selection of members for the offices of mayor and regional councillors are made town-wide, while ward councillors are elected by individual ward.

===Markham Civic Centre===
[[File:MarkhamCivicCenter25.jpg|thumb|Markham Civic Centre]]
The city council is at the [[Markham Civic Centre]] at the intersection of York Regional Road 7 and [[York Regional Road 65|Warden Avenue]]. The site of the previous offices on [[Woodbine Avenue (Ontario)|Woodbine Avenue]] has been redeveloped for commercial uses. The historic town hall on [[Markham Road|Main Street]] is now a restored office building. The Mayor's Youth Task Force was created to discuss issues facing young people in the city and to plan and publicize events. Its primary purpose is to encourage youth participation within the community.

===Elections===
Municipal elections are held every four years in Ontario. The most recent election took place in October, 2022, and the next is scheduled for October, 2026. The links listed below provide the results of recent election results:
* [[2022 York Region municipal elections#Markham|2022]]
* [[2018 York Region municipal elections#Markham|2018]]
* [[2014 York Region municipal elections#Markham|2014]]
* [[2010 York Region municipal elections#Markham|2010]]
* [[2006 Markham municipal election|2006]]

===By-laws===
The city is permitted to create and enforce by-laws upon residents on various matters affecting the town. The by-laws are generally enforced by City By-Law enforcement officers, but they may involve [[York Regional Police]] if violations are deemed too dangerous for the officers to handle. In addition the by-laws can be linked to various provincial acts and enforced by the town. Violation of by-laws is subject to fines of up to $20,000 CAD. The by-laws of Markham include:
[[File:ToogoodPond3.jpg|thumb|[[Toogood Park|Toogood Pond]]]]
* Animal Control (see Dog Owners' Liability Act of Ontario)
* Construction Permits
* Cannabis
* Driveway Extensions
* Fencing and Swimming Pools
* Heritage Conservation (see [[Ontario Heritage Act]])
* Home-Based Businesses
* Noise
* Parking
* Property Standards
* Registration of Basement Apartments and Second Suites
* Sewers
* Site Alteration
* Waste Collection
* Water Use

{|class="wikitable" style="width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+Markham federal election results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/44gedata&document=bypro&lang=e |title=Official Voting Results Raw Data (poll by poll results in Markham)|date=April 7, 2022 |publisher=Elections Canada |access-date=August 8, 2023}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of Canada|Green]]
|-
| style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}|
! [[2021 Canadian federal election|2021]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | '''54%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''70,181''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | 34%
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''43,924''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 8%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''10,171''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 2%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''2,876''
|-
| style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal}}|
! [[2019 Canadian federal election|2019]]
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Liberal|background}} | '''45%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"| ''66,923''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Conservative|background}} | 39%
| style="text-align:right; background:#6495ED;"| ''58,718''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|NDP|background}} | 7%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''10,526''
| {{Canadian party colour|CA|Green|background}} | 3%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''5,079''
|-
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="width:400; font-size:90%; margin-left:1em;"
|+Markham provincial election results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.on.ca/en/resource-centre/elections-results.html |title=Official Voting Results by polling station (poll by poll results in Markham)|publisher=Election Ontario |access-date=August 8, 2023}}</ref>
! colspan="2" scope="col" | Year
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario|PC]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Ontario New Democratic Party|New Democratic]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Ontario Liberal Party|Liberal]]
! colspan="2" scope="col" | [[Green Party of Ontario|Green]]
|-
| style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC}}|
! [[2022 Ontario general election|2022]]
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC|background}} | '''51%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"| ''49,696''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|NDP|background}} | 9%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''8,354''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Liberal|background}} | ''35%''
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"|''34,182''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Green|background}} | 3%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''3,344''
|-
| style="width: 0.25em; background-color: {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC}}|
! [[2018 Ontario general election|2018]]
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|PC|background}} |'''54%'''
| style="text-align:right; background:#9999FF;"| ''68,657''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|NDP|background}} | 20%
| style="text-align:right; background:#F4A460;"| ''25,531''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Liberal|background}} | 23%
| style="text-align:right; background:#EA6D6A;"|''28,909''
| {{Canadian party colour|ON|Green|background}} | 3%
| style="text-align:right; background:#99C955;"| ''3,451''
|-
|}

==City services==
[[File:MarkhamFireEngine.jpg|thumb|Fire engine of Markham Fire and Emergency Services]]

===Courts and police===
There are no courts in Markham, but the city is served by an [[Ontario Court of Justice]] in [[Newmarket, Ontario|Newmarket]], as well as an Ontario Small Claims court in Richmond Hill. There are also served by a Provincial Offence Court in Richmond Hill. The [[Court of Appeal for Ontario|Ontario Court of Appeal]] is in Toronto, while the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] is in [[Ottawa]], Ontario.

Policing is provided by [[York Regional Police]] at a station (5 District) at the corner of [[York Regional Road 67|McCowan Road]] and Carlton Road and Highway 7.<ref>"[https://www.yrp.ca/en/about/5-district-markham.asp #5 District – Markham ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919025026/https://www.yrp.ca/en/about/5-district-markham.asp |date=2018-09-19 }}." [[York Regional Police]]. Retrieved on September 19, 2018. "8700 McCowan Road Markham, ON L3P 3M2"</ref> Highway 404, [[Ontario Highway 407|Highway 407]] and parts of [[Ontario Highway 48|Highway 48]] are patrolled by the [[Ontario Provincial Police]]. [[Toronto Police Service]] is responsible for patrol on Steeles from Yonge Street to the [[York Regional Road 30|York—Durham Line]].{{citation needed|date=September 2018}}

===Fire===
[[Markham Fire and Emergency Services]] was established in 1970 as Markham Fire Department and replaced various local volunteer fire units. Nine fire stations serve Markham. [[Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport]] is also served by Markham's Fire service.

===Hospitals===
[[Markham Stouffville Hospital]] in the city's far eastern end is Markham's main healthcare facility, located at the intersection of Highway 7 and 9th Line (407 and Donald Cousens Parkway). Markham is also home to [[Shouldice Hernia Centre|Shouldice Hospital]], one of the world's premier facilities for people suffering from [[hernia]]s. For those living near [[Steeles, Ontario|Steeles]], they sometimes will be able to receive treatment at [[The Scarborough Hospital]] Birchmount Campus in Toronto/[[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]]. [[North York General Hospital]] also serves for 24/7 care, serving [[North York]] and the lower Markham area.

=== Garbage collection ===
[[Waste collection|Garbage collection]] is provided by [[Miller Group (construction company)|Miller Waste Systems]] since the company's founding in 1961.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://millerwaste.ca/corporate-profile/|title=Corporate Profile|website=Miller Waste|language=en-CA|access-date=2019-04-30|archive-date=2019-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415222537/https://millerwaste.ca/corporate-profile/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Education==

===Post-secondary===
[[File:SenecaMarkhamCampus18.jpg|thumb|Seneca College, Markham Campus]]
[[Seneca College]] has a campus in Markham, at Highway 7 and the 404 near Woodbine Avenue/Leslie Street, in the York Region business district.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senecacollege.ca/programs/fulltime-bycampus/markham.html|date=23 May 2018|title=Markham Campus|publisher=Seneca College|access-date=25 October 2018|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225533/http://www.senecacollege.ca/programs/fulltime-bycampus/markham.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This location opened in 2005, offering full and part-time programs in business, marketing and tourism, and also the college's departments of Finance, Human Resources and Information Technology Services. Since 2011 the campus has also housed the [[Confucius Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.senecacollege.ca/confucius-institute/opening.html|title=Confucius Institute at Seneca Opening Ceremony – Seneca – Toronto, Ontario, Canada|website=Senecacollege.ca|access-date=24 October 2018|archive-date=25 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025225514/http://www.senecacollege.ca/confucius-institute/opening.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[York University]]'s Markham Campus in Downtown Markham opened in September 2024. It serves the entirety of [[York Region]] and upper [[Scarborough, Toronto|Scarborough]].<ref>{{cite news |title='Historic': $275.5M York University Markham Centre Campus announced |url=https://www.yorkregion.com/news-story/10113230-premier-doug-ford-york-u-president-make-announcement-in-markham-july-24/ |date=July 24, 2020 |first=Dina |last=Al-Shibeeb |work=Yorkregion.com |publisher=Metroland Media Group Ltd. |access-date=July 26, 2020 |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724171332/https://www.yorkregion.com/news-story/10113230-premier-doug-ford-york-u-president-make-announcement-in-markham-july-24/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Primary and secondary schools===
Markham has a number of both [[State school|public]] and Catholic [[high school]]s. All have consistently scored high on standardized tests and have some of the highest rate of graduates attending universities. {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

The [[York Region District School Board]] operates secular English public schools. The [[York Catholic District School Board]] operates English Catholic schools. The ''[[Conseil scolaire Viamonde]]'' operates secular French schools, and the ''[[Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir]]'' operates Catholic French schools.

* York Region District School Board
** [[Bill Crothers Secondary School]]
** [[Bill Hogarth Secondary School]]
** [[Bur Oak Secondary School]]
** [[Markham District High School]]
** [[Markville Secondary School]]
** [[Middlefield Collegiate Institute]]
** [[Milliken Mills High School]]
** [[Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School]]
** [[Thornhill Secondary School]]
** [[Thornlea Secondary School]]
** [[Unionville High School (Ontario)|Unionville High School]]
* York Catholic District School Board
** [[St. Brother André Catholic High School]]
** [[St. Augustine Catholic High School (Ontario)|St. Augustine Catholic High School]]
** [[St. Robert Catholic High School]]
** [[Father Michael McGivney Catholic Academy]]

==Economy==
[[File:AMD50Markham.jpg|thumb|Markham mayor Frank Scarpitti at the AMD Markham campus during the AMD 50th Anniversary celebration.]]
In the 19th century Markham had a vibrant, independent community with mills, distilleries and breweries around the intersection of Highway 7 and Markham Road. The [[Thomas Speight Wagon Works]] exported products (wagons, horsecars) around the world, and Markham had a reputation as being more active than York (the former name for Toronto) early on. Most of these industries disappeared leaving farming as the main source of business.

Light industries and businesses began to move into Markham in the 1980s attracted by land and lower taxes. Today, it claims to be "Canada's Hi-Tech Capital" with a number of key companies in the area, such as IBM, Motorola, Toshiba, [[Honeywell]], Apple, [[Genesis Microchip]], and is home to the head office of graphics card producer [[ATI Technologies]] (in 2006 merged with AMD). Over 1,100 technology and life science companies have offices in Markham, employing over one fifth of the total workforce.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/FactsStats/|title = Statistics and Demographics |date = 2014|archive-date =November 20, 2015|publisher = City of Markham |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151120151742/https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/AboutMarkham/FactsStats/|url-status = live}}</ref> In 2014, the top five employers in the city in order were IBM Canada, the City of Markham, [[Toronto-Dominion Bank|TD Waterhouse Inc.]], [[Markham Stouffville Hospital]] and [[Advanced Micro Devices|AMD Technologies Inc.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.markham.ca/wps/wcm/connect/markhampublic/52006a11-f337-4f10-96d8-5cb65ec499cd/Top+100+Employers+in+Markham+%282014%29.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=52006a11-f337-4f10-96d8-5cb65ec499cd|title = Top 100 Employers in Markham, 2014|date = April 2015 |publisher= City of Markham|archive-date =September 14, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150914035501/http://www.markham.ca/wps/wcm/connect/markhampublic/52006a11-f337-4f10-96d8-5cb65ec499cd/Top+100+Employers+in+Markham+%282014%29.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=52006a11-f337-4f10-96d8-5cb65ec499cd|url-status = live}}</ref>

International Franchise Inc., which owns brands including [[Swensen's]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact Us |url=https://swensensicecream.com/contact/ |website=Swensen's Ice Cream |publisher=Swensen's |access-date=December 13, 2023}}</ref> and [[Yogen Früz]]<ref>"[http://www.yogenfruz.com/contact-us/ Contact Us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710053336/https://www.yogenfruz.com/contact-us/ |date=July 10, 2019}}." [[Yogen Früz]]. Retrieved on March 15, 2014. "Yogen Früz headquarters 210 Shields Court; Markham, Ontario L3R 8V2, Canada"</ref> and several others, has its headquarters in Markham.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.ifranchiseinc.com/about-us/ |publisher=International Franchise Inc. |access-date=December 13, 2023}}</ref>

[[General Motors Canada#Canadian Technical Centre|General Motors Canada Canadian Technical Centre]] has been located in Markham since 2017, in the building which was formerly the Canadian head office of [[American Express]] from 1985 to 2015.

==Performing arts==
[[File:MarkhamTheatre6.jpg|thumb|[[Markham Theatre]]]]
Markham is home to several locally oriented performing arts groups:
* Kindred Spirits Orchestra
* Markham Little Theatre
* Markham Youth Theatre
* Unionville Theatre Company
* Markham Concert Band

A key arts venue is the 'Markham Theatre For Performing Arts', at the Markham Civic Centre at Highway 7 and Warden Avenue. The facility is owned by the City of Markham and operates under the city's Culture Department.

==Culture==
[[File:ThornhillVillageLibrary2.jpg|thumb|Thornhill Village Library, built 1851]]

Until the 1970s, Markham was mostly farmland and marsh, as reflected in events like the [[Markham Fair]]. Markham has several theatres, Markham Little Theatre at the [[Markham Museum]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://janinemarchessault.info.yorku.ca/files/2014/11/MarkhamMuseumFacilities.pdf|title=Markham Museum Facilities|access-date=November 23, 2018|archive-date=October 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021004520/http://janinemarchessault.info.yorku.ca/files/2014/11/MarkhamMuseumFacilities.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> the ''Markham Youth Theatre'', and the [[Markham Theatre]].
[[File:Varley Art Gallery Unionville.JPG|thumb|[[Frederick Horsman Varley Art Gallery|Varley Art Gallery]]]]
The [[Frederick Horsman Varley Art Gallery|Varley Art Gallery]] is the city of Markham's art museum. The gallery hosts rotating exhibits, public events, art camps and art classes, among other opportunities for citizens to get involved in the community and learn about local and [[Canadian art]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Varley Art Gallery About US|url=https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/varley-art-gallery/about-us|url-status=live|website=City of Markham|access-date=2021-03-31|archive-date=2021-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515121021/https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/varley-art-gallery/about-us}}</ref>

The [[Markham Public Library]] system has eight branches.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/markham-public-library/branches-and-hours|title=Branches and Hours|website=Markham Public Library|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-date=2020-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113225709/https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/markham-public-library/branches-and-hours|url-status=live}}</ref> Some branches offer unique digital tools such as a [[Digital media|Digital Media]] lab with [[graphic design]]s software, a recording studio with [[video editing]] / [[audio editing software]] and a green screen, and a maker space with [[3D printer]]s, [[virtual reality]], and [[Laser cutting|laser cutters]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/markham-public-library/using-the-library/maker-space/07-maker-space|title=Maker Space|website=Markham Public Library|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-date=2020-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113225653/https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/markham-public-library/using-the-library/maker-space/07-maker-space|url-status=live}}</ref> With a library card, user can take free [[Educational technology|online courses]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/markham-public-library/news/3-20191119-lynda|title=Important Update about Lynda.com|website=City of Markham|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-date=2020-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116023356/https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/home/arts/markham-public-library/news/3-20191119-lynda|url-status=live}}</ref> borrow household tools and equipment<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.york.ca/wps/portal/yorkhome/newsroom/news/regionsfirstlenderyisnowopen/!ut/p/z0/fY1NDoIwFITP4oKleYUIxiUhASTBjYnBbkjVgpXmFdoq9vZWDsBuvsn8AIUGKLKP6JkVCpn0fKVJG0W7pAwzUhX5YU-Ol3N5ios4JHkEFdD1gF-IdJ3VPdCR2edWYKeg0bz3B6YT2ljJ8cG1EwbVrEaO_4p4TRNNgd4VWv610DjdLhptQJzSgwdjhX0vBpMS-WwCsjo7DvTm5nTzA_rG5m8!/#.Xh_H1chKjIU|title=Region's First Lendery is Now Open at Markham Public Library|website=York Region News|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803231114/https://www.york.ca/wps/portal/yorkhome/newsroom/news/regionsfirstlenderyisnowopen/!ut/p/z0/fY1NDoIwFITP4oKleYUIxiUhASTBjYnBbkjVgpXmFdoq9vZWDsBuvsn8AIUGKLKP6JkVCpn0fKVJG0W7pAwzUhX5YU-Ol3N5ios4JHkEFdD1gF-IdJ3VPdCR2edWYKeg0bz3B6YT2ljJ8cG1EwbVrEaO_4p4TRNNgd4VWv610DjdLhptQJzSgwdjhX0vBpMS-WwCsjo7DvTm5nTzA_rG5m8!/#.Xh_H1chKjIU|url-status=live}}</ref> and educational toys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://markhamreview.com/markham-library-extends-hours/|title=Markham libraries extend hours|website=Markham Review|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-date=2020-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116032917/https://markhamreview.com/markham-library-extends-hours/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Sports==
{{Main|Sports in Markham, Ontario}}

Notable sporting events held by Markham include:
* [[2018 BWF World Junior Championships]]
* [[2017 ITTF Women's World Cup]]

===Community centres and recreational facilities===
Recreation Department runs programs in these facilities and maintained by the city's Operations Department:
* [[The Aaniin Community Centre|Aaniin Community Centre]] – library, indoor pool, multi-purpose rooms
* Angus Glen Community Centre – library, tennis courts, indoor pool
* Armadale Community Centre – multi-purpose rooms, outdoor tennis courts
* Centennial Community Centre – multi-purpose rooms, indoor ice rink, indoor pool, squash courts, gym
* [[Cornell Community Centre & Library|Cornell Community Centre]] – library, indoor pool, multi-purpose rooms, gym, indoor track, fitness centre
* Crosby Community Centre – indoor ice rink, multi-purpose rooms
* [[Markham Pan Am Centre]] – indoor pools, gym, fitness centre
* Markham Village Community Centre – library, indoor ice rink
* Milliken Mills Community Centre – library, indoor pool, multi-purpose rooms, indoor ice rink
* Mount Joy Community Centre – outdoor soccer pitches, indoor ice rink, multi-purpose rooms
* R.J. Clatworthy Community Centre – indoor ice rink, multi-purpose rooms
* Rouge River Community Centre – multi-purpose rooms, outdoor pool
* Thornhill Community Centre – indoor ice rink, multi-purpose rooms, indoor track, library, squash court, gym

==Parks and pathways==

Markham has scenic pathways running over 22&nbsp;km over its region. These pathways include 12 bridges allowing walkers, joggers, and cyclists to make use and enjoy the sights it has to offer. Markham's green space includes woodlots, ravines, and valleys that are not only enjoyable to its residents, but are important for the continued growth of the region's plants and animals. These natural spaces are the habitats for rare plant and insect species, offering food and homes essential for the survival of different native insects and birds.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/Residents/TreesParksAndPathways/!ut/p/a1/jZPLcoIwFIafxYVbc-SWtLtwMU3kIrRYZdPBDkU6VByk-voFrM44U0OzS-b78p85J0EJWqFklx6LPG2KapeW3T4x3jQSUWvmQzhjzxpwz3FtYlLF8pUWWLcA3FkUel9wsKZ0DoI4kQ40UF9MmwoF2MWXAH1-wCzLXZJQiTQAzu2l7tvhlAj861uMPmnYbRNjZgPHoRkH3lwFbvyvfkmAJN_wQe53wE3-EsdtecJ8YHGAVcMxLv59QJLPFro8vwNkfqQO-C0w0L9XlPSIbAI9IHsi0iFHV-BaRYwx8CnxPWEvFG82dAMoA4CjDwDhANA1WqAkL6tN_2nWdLdRSY6SOvvI6qyefNft8bZp9ofHMYzhdDpN8qrKy2zyno7hL2NbHRq0ugHR_is-rxUUvOCfenl0KR2NfgCLUFjN/dl5/d5/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SmlFL1o2XzRPR0NDTFY4UTJSNDAwSUlEVjVORFExR1Iz/|title=City of Markham – Trees, Parks & Pathways|website=www.markham.ca|access-date=2016-09-26|archive-date=2016-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927083656/https://www.markham.ca/wps/portal/Markham/Residents/TreesParksAndPathways/!ut/p/a1/jZPLcoIwFIafxYVbc-SWtLtwMU3kIrRYZdPBDkU6VByk-voFrM44U0OzS-b78p85J0EJWqFklx6LPG2KapeW3T4x3jQSUWvmQzhjzxpwz3FtYlLF8pUWWLcA3FkUel9wsKZ0DoI4kQ40UF9MmwoF2MWXAH1-wCzLXZJQiTQAzu2l7tvhlAj861uMPmnYbRNjZgPHoRkH3lwFbvyvfkmAJN_wQe53wE3-EsdtecJ8YHGAVcMxLv59QJLPFro8vwNkfqQO-C0w0L9XlPSIbAI9IHsi0iFHV-BaRYwx8CnxPWEvFG82dAMoA4CjDwDhANA1WqAkL6tN_2nWdLdRSY6SOvvI6qyefNft8bZp9ofHMYzhdDpN8qrKy2zyno7hL2NbHRq0ugHR_is-rxUUvOCfenl0KR2NfgCLUFjN/dl5/d5/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS80SmlFL1o2XzRPR0NDTFY4UTJSNDAwSUlEVjVORFExR1Iz/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Further|List of parks in Markham, Ontario}}

Parks and pathways are maintained by the city's Operations Department.
[[File:Berczy village markham park.jpg|thumb|Circular pathway along Berczy Park]]

==Attractions==
[[File:Varley Art Gallery Unionville.JPG|thumb|[[Frederick Horsman Varley Art Gallery]]]]
[[File:FormerMarkhamCNRStn,ON-3.JPG|thumb|[[Markham GO Station]]]]
Markham has retained its historic past in part of the town. Here a just few places of interest:
* [[Frederick Horsman Varley Art Gallery]]
* [[Heintzman House]] – Home of Colonel George Crookshank, Sam Francis and Charles Heintzman of [[Heintzman & Co.]], the piano manufacturer.
* [[Markham Museum]]
* Markham Village
* Markham Heritage Estates – a unique, specially designed heritage subdivision owned by the City of Markham
* [http://www.reesorfarm.com Reesor Farm Market]
* [[Cathedral of the Transfiguration (Markham)|Cathedral of the Transfiguration]]
* [[Thornhill, Ontario|Thornhill village]]

Heritage streets:
* [[York Regional Road 68|Main Street Markham]] (Markham Road/Highway 48)
* [[Main Street Unionville]] ([[Kennedy Road (Toronto)|Kennedy Road]]/Highway 7)

There are still farms operating in the northern reaches of the town, but there are a few 'theme' farms in other parts of Markham:
* Galten Farms
* Forsythe Family Farms
* Adventure Valley

Markham's heritage railway stations are either an active station or converted to other uses:
* [[Markham GO Station]] – built in 1871 by [[Toronto and Nipissing Railway]] and last used by CN Rail in the 1990s and restored in 2000 as active GO station and community use
* [[Markham Museum#Locust Hill Railway Station|Locust Hill Station]] – built in 1936 in [[Locust Hill, Ontario]] and last used by the CPR in 1969; relocated in 1983 to the grounds of the Markham Museum; replaced earlier station built in the late 19th century for the [[Ontario and Quebec Railway]] and burned down in 1935.
* [[Unionville GO Station#Old Unionville Station|Unionville Station]] – built in 1871 by the [[Toronto and Nipissing Railway]], later by [[Via Rail]] and by [[GO Transit]] from 1982 to 1991; it was sold to the city in 1989 and restored as a community centre within the historic Unionville Main Street area. The building features classic Canadian Railway Style found in Markham and (old) Unionville Stations.

==Annual events==
Events taking place annually include the Night It Up! Night Market, [[Taste of Asia|Taste of Asia Festival]], Tony Roman Memorial Hockey Tournament, Markham Youth Week, Unionville Festival, Markham Village Music Festival, Markham Jazz Festival, Milliken Mills Children's Festival, Markham Ribfest & Music Festival, Doors Open Markham, Thornhill Village Festival, [[Markham Fair]], Olde Tyme Christmas Unionville, Markham Santa Claus Parade and Markham Festival of Lights.

==Shopping==
Markham is home to several large malls of 100+ stores. These include:
{{col div}}
* [[CF Markville]] (160+ stores)
* [[First Markham Place]] (180 stores) and Woodside Power Centre
* [[King Square Shopping Mall]] (500+ mini-shops)<ref>{{cite web |title=King Square |url=http://www.kingsquare.ca/projects_shopping-centre_01/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |archive-date=2021-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215075829/http://www.kingsquare.ca/projects_shopping-centre_01/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Langham Square]] (700 stores)
* [[Pacific Mall]] (450 mini-shops)
{{col div end}}
There are also a lot of higher-profile malls in nearby Toronto, and elsewhere in York Region.

===East Asian businesses===
Many shopping centres in Markham are also ethnically Chinese and East Asian-oriented. This is a reflection of Markham's large [[East Asian]], particularly [[Chinese Canadian]], population making it an important [[Chinatowns in Toronto#Chinese communities in the GTA|Chinese community in the GTA]]. They carry a wide variety of traditional Chinese products, apparel, and foods.

On Highway 7, between Woodbine and Warden Avenues, is First Markham Place, containing numerous shops and restaurants; this is several kilometres east of Richmond Hill's Chinese malls. Further east along Highway 7 is an older plaza is at the southwest quadrant with the intersection with Kennedy Road.

Pacific Mall is the most well-known Chinese mall in Markham, at Kennedy Road and Steeles Avenue East, which, combined with neighbouring Market Village (now closed) and [[Splendid China Mall]], formed the second largest Chinese shopping area in North America, after the [[Golden Village (Richmond, British Columbia)|Golden Village]] in [[Richmond, British Columbia]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} In close proximity, at Steeles Avenue and Warden Avenue, there is the New Century Plaza mall and a half-block away there is a plaza of Chinese shops anchored by a [[T & T Supermarket]].

There are also some smaller shopping centres in Markham, such as:
{{col div}}
* Albion Mall
* Alderland Centre
* Denison Centre
* J-Town
* Markham Town Square
* Metro Square
* Peachtree Centre
* New Kennedy Square
* [[The Shops on Steeles and 404]]
* Thornhill Square Shopping Centre
{{col div end}}

==Local media==
* ''Markham Review'' – local monthly newspaper
* ''TLM The Local Magazine'' – local satire & lifestyle magazine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocalmagazine.com|title=The Local Magazine – News, Views and Opinions|website=www.thelocalmagazine.com|access-date=2022-03-21|archive-date=2021-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227081618/http://thelocalmagazine.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* ''[[Markham Economist and Sun]]'' – community paper owned by [[Metroland Media Group]] York Region site; available online only after print version ceased September 15, 2023
* ''The Liberal'' – serving Thornhill and Richmond Hill – community paper owned by [[Metroland Media Group]]
* ''The York Region Business Times'' – business news
* ''York Region Media Group'' – Online news which includes some Metroland Media papers
* ''North of the City'' – magazine for York Region
* Rogers Cable 10 – community TV station for York Region, owned by [[Rogers Communications|Rogers Media]]
* ''Markham News24' – Hyper-local, video-based news website focusing on municipal politics, crime, lifestyle and business features
* [[Sing Tao Daily (Canada)|''Sing Tao Daily'']] – an ethnic Chinese newspaper that serves the [[Greater Toronto Area]]

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in Markham, Ontario}}

===Roads===
{{Main|List of regional roads in York Region, Ontario}}

==== Road network ====
Markham's road network is based on the concession system. In 1801, Markham was divided into 10 [[Concession road|concessions]], with a north–south road separating each one. The concessions were further divided by a number of east–west sideroads. This formed a [[grid plan]] road network, with an intersection occurring approximately every two kilometers. Even though some of these roads have been realigned, Markham's present road network for the most part still follows the original grid plan.

Markham's concession (north–south) arterial roads are listed below, ordered from west to east (former numbers in parentheses):

* {{jcon|York|1|notext=y}} [[Yonge Street]]
** Boundary with the City of Vaughan
* {{jcon|York|34|notext=y}} [[Bayview Avenue]]
* {{jcon|York|12|notext=y}} Leslie Street
* {{jcon|York|8|notext=y}} [[Woodbine Avenue]]
* {{jcon|York|65|notext=y}} Warden Avenue (5th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|3|notext=y}} Kennedy Road (6th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|67|notext=y}} McCowan Road (7th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|68|notext=y}} Markham Road (8th Concession Road)
** Continues as {{jcon|hwy|48|shield=y|notext=y}} [[Ontario Highway 48|Highway 48]] north of Major Mackenzie Drive
* {{jcon|York|69|notext=y}} Ninth Line (9th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|48|notext=y}} [[Donald Cousens Parkway|Donald Cousens Parkway / Markham By-pass]]
** Signed as a regular road south of Box Grove By-pass
* Reesor Road (10th Concession Road)
* Eleventh Line (11th Concession Road)
* {{jcon|York|30|notext=y}} York-Durham Line
** Boundary with the [[Pickering, Ontario|City of Pickering]]

Reesor Road and Eleventh Line are the only north–south roads that are not fully regional roads. These two roads are rural routes with very few homes and minimal traffic. Eleventh Line ends just south of Highway 407 with the road rerouted (old section fenced off with partial gravel bed) to intersect with York-Durham Line. Areas east of Donald Cousens Boulevard either serve new residential developments or are largely rural and/or agricultural.

Markham's sideroad (east–west) arterials are listed below, ordered from south to north (former numbers in parentheses):

* [[Steeles Avenue]]
** Original Scarborough Townline, boundary with the [[Toronto|City of Toronto]]
* {{jcon|York|71|notext=y}} 14th Avenue
** Continues west of {{jcon|York|65|notext=y}} Warden Avenue as Alden Road
*** Continues west of Rodick Road as Esna Park Drive
**** Continues west of {{jcon|York|8|notext=y}} Woodbine Avenue as John Street
* {{jcon|York|7|notext=y}} Regional Road 7 (formerly 15th Avenue)
** Continues as {{jcon|hwy|7|shield=y|notext=y}} [[Ontario Highway 7|Highway 7]] east of Reesor Road
* {{jcon|York|73|notext=y}} 16th Avenue
* {{jcon|York|25|notext=y}} Major Mackenzie Drive East (17th Avenue)
* {{jcon|York|49|notext=y}} Elgin Mills Road East (18th Avenue)
** Signed as a standard road east of Victoria Square Boulevard
* 19th Avenue
** Boundary with the [[Whitchurch-Stouffville|Town of Whitchurch-Stouffville]]

==== Important thoroughfares ====
Major highways that pass through Markham include [[Ontario Highway 404|King's Highway 404]] (from Toronto to just south of Lake Simcoe), which marks Markham's boundary with the [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|City of Richmond Hill]], and the [[407 ETR]] (more commonly known as Highway 407), a privately owned [[Toll road|toll highway]] that passes north of Toronto and connects Markham with [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] and [[Oshawa]]. Highway 404 is one of the most important routes used for travel to and from the City of Toronto. Highway 407 primarily serves Markham from [[Yonge Street]] to [[York-Durham Line]]. The highway connects Markham with [[Clarington]] to the east, and [[Burlington, Ontario|Burlington]] to the west.

One of the most heavily travelled arterial roads in Markham is Regional Road 7, a major east–west artery. This road is more commonly referred to as [[Ontario Highway 7|Highway 7]], a name which comes from the time when it used to be a [[Ontario Provincial Highway Network|provincial highway]]. The road is still officially Highway 7 east of Reesor Road. Other major east–west routes include [[York Regional Road 73|16th Avenue]], [[York Regional Road 25|Major MacKenzie Drive]], the combination of John Street/Esna Park Drive/14th Avenue, and [[Steeles Avenue]] which forms Markham's southern boundary with Toronto.

===Rail===
{{main|GO Transit}}
[[File:Former Canadian National Railway Station-214 Main Street North-Markham-Ontario-HPC6762-20201017 (2).jpg|thumb|[[Markham GO Station]]]]
The [[GO Transit]] [[Stouffville line]], a [[commuter rail]] line stretching from [[Old Elm GO Station|Lincolnville]] to downtown Toronto, provides passenger rail service in Markham. It operates only at rush hour and uses tracks owned by [[Metrolinx]], the provincial transit agency. Five stations on the [[Stouffville line]] serve Markham, of which 4 are within the municipal borders. In 2015, Metrolinx announced that the Stouffville Line would get an expansion in service, bringing all day both directional trains from [[Union Station (Toronto)|Union Station]] to [[Unionville GO Station]].<ref>{{Cite news|title = The new train service is expected to be in the off-peak hours.|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/08/07/go-to-boost-train-service-on-kitchener-stouffville-lines.html|newspaper = The Toronto Star|date = 2015-08-07|access-date = 2015-11-20|issn = 0319-0781|first = Tess|last = Kalinowski|archive-date = 2015-11-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151120161430/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/08/07/go-to-boost-train-service-on-kitchener-stouffville-lines.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Markham's section of this GO line also came under the spotlight in 2015 as [[Toronto|City of Toronto]] [[John Tory|Mayor John Tory's]] announced [[SmartTrack|SMART Track]] plan for rapid transit expansion in Toronto includes the rail spur between Union Station and the Unionville GO.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Kitchener and Stouffville GO lines are on track for electrification needed to boost service frequencies.|url = https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/04/16/premier-moves-torys-smarttrack-a-little-further-down-the-line.html|newspaper = The Toronto Star|date = 2015-04-16|access-date = 2015-11-20|issn = 0319-0781|first = Tess|last = Kalinowski|archive-date = 2015-11-20|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151120160131/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/transportation/2015/04/16/premier-moves-torys-smarttrack-a-little-further-down-the-line.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

On April 8, 2019, GO Transit added ten midday train trips to [[Mount Joy GO Station]], replacing the need for passengers to change to buses at Unionville GO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gotransit.com/en/travelling-with-us/promotions-and-events/april-service-changes|title=New GO Train Service {{!}} GO Transit|website=www.gotransit.com|access-date=2019-04-29|archive-date=2019-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601220419/https://www.gotransit.com/en/travelling-with-us/promotions-and-events/april-service-changes|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Public transit===
[[File:WardenVIVA6-RAW.jpg|thumb|[[Viva (bus rapid transit)|VIVA]] Warden station in Markham]]
[[York Region Transit]] (YRT) connects Markham with surrounding municipalities in York Region, and was created in 2001 from the merger of [[Markham Transit]], [[Richmond Hill Transit]], [[Newmarket Transit]] and [[Vaughan Transit]]. YRT to connects to the [[Toronto Transit Commission]] (TTC) subway system by way of [[Viva (bus rapid transit)|Viva]] [[bus rapid transit]] from Finch station along Yonge Street, and Don Mills station through Unionville and on to Markville Mall.

YRT has two major terminals in Markham: [[Unionville GO Station|Unionville GO Terminal]] and the new [[Cornell Terminal]], replacing [[Markham Stouffville Hospital|Markham Stouffville Hospital Bus Terminal]].

The [[Toronto Transit Commission|TTC]] also provides service in Markham on several north–south routes, such as [[Warden Avenue]], [[Birchmount Road]], [[McCowan Road]] and [[Markham Road]]. These routes charge riders a double fare if they are travelling across the Steeles border.

[[GO Transit]] provides train service on the old trackbed of the [[Toronto and Nipissing Railway]], which connects Markham with downtown Toronto on the [[Stouffville line|Stouffville]] commuter rail service. The line has stops at several stations in Markham, namely [[Unionville GO Station]], [[Centennial GO Station]], [[Markham GO Station]], and [[Mount Joy GO Station]]. The [[Richmond Hill line|Richmond Hill]] commuter rail line provides service to the [[Langstaff GO Station]], which straddles Markham and Richmond Hill but is used primarily by residents of west-central Markham and southern Richmond Hill.

===Air===
There is presently a private [[general aviation]] airport; [[Markham Airport]] or Toronto/Markham Airport, (TC LID: CNU8),{{convert|2.6|nmi|km mi|abbr=off}} just north of Markham, north of Elgin Mills Road. The airport is owned and operated by Markham Airport Inc. and owned by a numbered Ontario company owned by the Thomson family of Toronto, rather than the [[Greater Toronto Airports Authority]] (GTAA). The airport has a {{convert|2,013|ft|m|abbr=on}} runway for small and private aircraft only (with night flying capabilities). The Royal Canadian Air Cadets Gliding Program formerly used the airport for glider operations in the spring and fall.

[[Buttonville Municipal Airport]] was a larger general aviation airport located near Highway 404 and 16th Avenue in the [[Buttonville, Markham|Buttonville]] neighbourhood that was operated by the GTAA. It closed in November 2023.<ref>{{cite web |last=Larkin |first=F.K. (Ted) |date=2023-11-25 |title=Toronto Buttonville YKZ Municipal Airport in Markham now Closed |url=https://canadianaviationnews.ca/toronto-buttonville-ykz-municipal-airport-in-markham-now-closed/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=Canadian Aviation News}}</ref>

==Notable people==

{{Main|List of people from Markham, Ontario}}

==Partner Cities==

===Cultural collaboration cities===
* [[Eabametoong First Nation]], [[Kenora District]], [[Ontario]], Canada (January 1, 2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibftoday.ca/the-city-of-markham-and-eabametoong-first-nation-sign-partnership-accord/|title=The City of Markham and Eabametoong First Nation Sign Partnership Accord|publisher=Indigenous Business & Finance Today|date=1 February 2017|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=5 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805124411/http://www.ibftoday.ca/the-city-of-markham-and-eabametoong-first-nation-sign-partnership-accord/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Sister cities===
Source:<ref>{{cite web |title=Sister Cities and International Partners |url=https://www.markham.ca/about-city-markham/city-hall/sister-cities-and-international-partners |url-status=live |archive-date= |access-date=January 28, 2019 |website= |publisher=City of Markham}}</ref>
* [[Nördlingen]], [[Bavaria]], Germany (October 2001)
* [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]], [[North Carolina]], United States (April 2002)
* [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], China (October 7, 2003)

===Friendship cities===
* [[Huadu]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Guangdong]], China (1998)
* [[Xiamen]], [[Fujian]], China (July 22, 2012)
* [[Zhongshan]], [[Guangdong]], China (September 30, 2012)
* [[Zibo]], [[Shandong]], China (November 24, 2012)
* [[Foshan]], [[Guangdong]], China (December 3, 2012)
* [[Ganzhou]], [[Jiangxi]], China (September 20, 2013)
* [[Qingdao]], [[Shandong]], China (October 7, 2013)
* [[Meizhou]], [[Guangdong]], China (December 10, 2013)
* [[Jiangmen]], [[Guangdong]], China (April 23, 2014)
* [[Nanhai District|Nanhai]], [[Guangdong]], China (June 13, 2014)
* [[Mullaitivu]], [[Northern Province (Sri Lanka)|Northern Province]], Sri Lanka (January 14, 2017)

==See also==
* [[List of townships in Ontario]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
* {{SCref|unit=csd|name=2011csd|accessdate=2012-02-08|3519036}}
* {{SCref|unit=csd|name=2016csd|year=2016|accessdate=2017-02-12|3519036}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Markham, Ontario}}
*{{Official website}}
*{{Wikivoyage inline|Markham|Markham}}

{{Geographic Location (8-way)
 | Centre    = Markham
 | North     = [[Whitchurch–Stouffville]]
 | Northeast =
 | East      = [[Pickering, Ontario|Pickering]]
 | Southeast =
 | South     = [[Toronto]]
 | Southwest =
 | West      = [[Vaughan]]
 | Northwest = [[Richmond Hill, Ontario|Richmond Hill]]
}}
{{Topics in Markham}}
{{Structures in Markham}}
{{Communities of Markham}}
{{York Region}}
{{Greater Toronto Area}}
{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Markham, Ontario| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Ontario]]
[[Category:Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1794]]
[[Category:1794 establishments in the British Empire]]