Editing Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania

{{short description|Borough in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania
| official_name = 
| native_name = 
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| other_name = Marreties Hoeck
| settlement_type = [[List of towns and boroughs in Pennsylvania#Boroughs|Borough]]
| image_skyline = Marcus Hook PA Boro Hall 1.jpg
| imagesize = 
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| image_caption = Marcus Hook Borough Hall
| image_flag = Flag of Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania.png
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| image_blank_emblem = Logo of Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania.png
| blank_emblem_type = Logo
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| motto = The Cornerstone of Pennsylvania
| image_map = Delaware County Pennsylvania incorporated and unincorporated areas Marcus Hook highlighted.svg
| mapsize = 260px
| map_caption = Location of Marcus Hook in [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania]] (top) and of Delaware County in [[Pennsylvania]] (below)
| pushpin_map            = Pennsylvania#USA
| pushpin_label          = Marcus Hook
| pushpin_map_alt        = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = Location of Marcus Hook in [[Pennsylvania]]
| coordinates = {{coord|39|49|N|75|25|W|display=inline,title}}
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware]]
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| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1655
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| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Gene Taylor
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| area_total_km2 = 4.21
| area_total_sq_mi = 1.62
| area_land_km2 = 2.87
| area_land_sq_mi = 1.11
| area_water_km2 = 1.34
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.52
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| postal_code = 19061
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| area_codes = [[Area codes 610, 484, and 835|610 and 484]]
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| website = {{URL|www.marcushookboro.org}}
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}}

'''Marcus Hook''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]], [[Pennsylvania]], United States. The population was 2,397 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4247344| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Marcus Hook borough, Pennsylvania| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=December 28, 2015| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213063012/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4247344| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref> The current mayor is Gene Taylor. The borough calls itself "The Cornerstone of Pennsylvania". The 2005 film [[One Last Thing...|''One Last Thing''...]] was set and partially filmed in Marcus Hook.

==History==
===Pre-settlement===
The earliest inhabitants of Marcus Hook were members of the [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe and their indigenous ancestors, whose succeeding cultures occupied present-day Marcus Hook and surrounding areas for thousands of years.

===17th century===
[[File:Plank House Marcus Hook DelCo PA.jpg|thumb|The Plank House in Marcus Hook]]
The Lenape had a major settlement in Marcus Hook; [[New Sweden]] colonists established a trading post here in the 1640s. The village was called ''Chammassungh'', or "Finland" by the Swedes. It was located on the west side of the [[Delaware River]], between Marcus Hook Creek and [[Naamans Creek]]. Dutch colonists renamed the settlement as ''"Marrites Hoeck"'' after [[New Netherland|they]] conquered the area in 1655.<ref>{{cite web|title=History|url=http://www.marcushookps.org/history.php|website=www.marcushookps.org|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref>  The name is derived from the word Hook, meaning promontory, or point of land projecting into the water and Marcus, a corruption of the name of the Indian chief, called ''Maarte'' by the Dutch, who lived at the Hook.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=John Hill|title=Chester (and its Vicinity,) Delaware County, in Pennsylvania|date=1877|publisher=Wm. H. Pile & Sons|location=Philadelphia|page=67|isbn=9785871484241 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Kg-AAAAYAAJ&q=albert+o.+deshong&pg=PA357|access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref>

English colonists gained control of the Dutch colonies and founded [[St. Martin's Church (Marcus Hook, PA)|St. Martin's Church]] in 1699; the new church opened for worship in 1702.  Walter Martin of [[Upper Chichester Township, Pennsylvania|Upper Chichester]] founded this church as an alternative place of worship and burial for Christian non-Quakers.<ref>{{cite web|title=St. Martins Church|url=http://www.chichesterhistory.org/|website=www.chichesterhistory.org|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref>

===18th century===
Marcus Hook became a prosperous community and market town and in 1708 was of equal prominence to nearby [[Chester, Pennsylvania]], with each location having approximately 100 houses.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ashmead|first1=Henry Graham|title=A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania|date=1884|publisher=L.H. Everts & Co.|location=Philadelphia|page=456|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924006215655#page/n595/mode/2up/search/chichester|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>

In the early 1700s, Marcus Hook was a haven for [[pirate]]s who plagued the lower [[Delaware River]].  The market at Marcus Hook provided the pirates a place to sell plundered goods and re-supply away from the authorities and custom officials in [[Philadelphia]]. Early maps of Marcus Hook show the current Second Street was originally named "Discord Lane", since it was the location of the pirates' revelry when they were in town.<ref name="The Plank House">{{cite web|title=The Plank House|url=http://www.marcushookps.org/house.php|website=www.marcushookps.org|access-date=17 December 2017}}</ref>

Marcus Hook Plank House reportedly was once the home of a Swedish mistress of the pirate [[Blackbeard]], named Margaret.<ref name="The Plank House"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ashmead|first1=Henry Graham|title=A History of Delaware County, Pennsylvania|date=1884|publisher=L.H. Everts & Co.|location=Philadelphia|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924006215655/page/n596 457]–458|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924006215655|access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref>

By the mid-18th century, Marcus Hook became a major regional center for the building of wooden sailing ships and remained so until the late 19th century. By that time, larger tonnage ships became more popular than the [[sloops]] and [[schooners]] built in Marcus Hook.<ref name="The Plank House"/>

During the [[American Revolutionary War]], two tiers of underwater ''[[Cheval de frise|chevaux-de-frise]]'' obstacles were placed across the Delaware River at Marcus Hook to provide a first line of defense of Philadelphia against British naval forces.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=John Hill|title=Chester (and Its Vicinity,) Delaware County, in Pennsylvania|date=1877|publisher=Wm. H. Pile & Sons|location=Philadelphia|page=175|isbn=9785871484241 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Kg-AAAAYAAJ&q=albert+o.+deshong&pg=PA357|access-date=12 January 2018}}</ref>  Marcus Hook also served as a training center for the [[Pennsylvania militia]].  The [[Continental Army]] was stationed at Marcus Hook during the fall of 1777. As the town was bombarded by British warships, there are very few pre-Revolutionary houses in Marcus Hook.<ref name="marcushookps.org">{{cite web|title=The Plank House|url=http://www.marcushookps.org/house.php|website=www.marcushookps.org|access-date=31 December 2017}}</ref>

===19th century===
Marcus Hook served as a defensive post along the Delaware River during the [[War of 1812]], with over 5,000 United States troops placed there.<ref name="marcushookps.org"/>

The borough was officially incorporated on March 7, 1892. The convergence of rail, roads, a deep water port, and the nation's growing thirst for petroleum gave rise to the refineries that became the borough's dominant industry.<ref name=Narratives>{{cite book |editor1-first=Albert Cook |editor1-last=Myers |title=Narratives of Early Pennsylvania, West New Jersey and Delaware. 1630-1707 |url=https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6006509 |access-date=September 25, 2010 |year=1912 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |location=New York |oclc=650030300 }}</ref><ref name="Borough of Marcus Hook">{{cite web |url=http://www.marcushookboro.com/borough_of_marcus_hook.htm |title=THE BOROUGH OF MARCUS HOOK |date=March 5, 2010 |access-date=September 25, 2010 |archive-date=March 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100322223750/http://www.marcushookboro.com/borough_of_marcus_hook.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Pennsylvania - Lewisburg through Marcus Hook - NARA - 68148322 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Post of Marcus Hook in 1941]]
[[Sunoco|Sun Oil Company]] opened the Marcus Hook refinery in 1901 to refine crude oil brought by ship from [[Texas]].  It was the first of seven major refineries that made up the largest fuel-manufacturing center in the Northeast.  The refinery was closed in 2011 due to deteriorating market conditions.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Maykuth|first1=Andrew|title=Sunoco abruptly shuts Marcus Hook refinery|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/hp/news_update/20111202_Sunoco_abruptly_shuts_Marcus_Hook_refinery.html|website=www.philly.com|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref> The refinery was reopened as Marcus Hook Industrial Complex operated by Energy Transfer Partners. Processing Marcellus Shale gas transferred via the Mariner East and Mariner XL Pipelines.

In 1910, the [[American Viscose Corporation]] opened a plant in Marcus Hook for the production of [[rayon]] and other synthetic fibers.<ref name=Wilkins_2004>{{cite book|last1=Wilkins|author-link1=Mira Wilkins|first1=Mira|title=The History of Foreign Investment in the United States, 1914-1945|date=2004|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Mass|isbn=0674045181|page=152|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TEfEwVxJTkUC&pg=PA152|access-date=1 May 2018}}</ref>

On February 4, 1932, the MS ''Bidwell'', a motor [[Tanker (ship)|tanker]] belonging to Sun Oil, exploded and burned at the Sinclair Dock while tanks were being cleaned of residual crude oil in preparation for loading of gasoline. The first explosion occurred at 12:20 am and was followed by three more explosions within 25 minutes, resulting in 17 or 18 dead, including the entire crew and captain, and four were injured. The disaster induced Sun Oil to develop [[Inerting system|cargo tank inerting]] and install it on all their ships beginning the following year, in 1933.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=M.S. Bidwell |url=http://www.fleetsheet.com/bidwell.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322135858/http://www.fleetsheet.com/bidwell.htm |archive-date=2022-03-22 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=www.fleetsheet.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CTX CASUALTY DATABASE: Bidwell |url=http://www.c4tx.org/ctx/job/cdb/precis.php5?key=19320204_001 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121095012/http://www.c4tx.org/ctx/job/cdb/precis.php5?key=19320204_001 |archive-date=2022-01-21 |access-date=2022-03-22 |website=Center for Tankship Excellence}}</ref>

==Geography==
Marcus Hook is located along the southern border of [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania]] at {{Coord|39|49|N|75|25|W|type:city}} (39.8182, -75.4155).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> It is bordered to the northwest by [[Lower Chichester Township, Pennsylvania|Lower Chichester Township]], including the community of [[Linwood, Pennsylvania|Linwood]], to the northeast by the borough of [[Trainer, Pennsylvania|Trainer]], to the southeast across the [[Delaware River]] by [[Gloucester County, New Jersey]], and to the southwest by [[New Castle County, Delaware]].  The southern border of Marcus Hook is part of the [[Twelve-Mile Circle]] border between Pennsylvania and [[Delaware]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], Marcus Hook has a total area of {{convert|4.2|sqkm|order=flip}}, {{convert|2.9|sqkm|order=flip}} of which is land and {{convert|1.3|sqkm|order=flip}}, or 31.63%, of which is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/> The [[List of U.S. states by elevation|lowest point]] in the state of Pennsylvania is located on the Delaware River in Marcus Hook, where it flows out of Pennsylvania and into Delaware. The borough has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (''Cfa'') and average monthly temperatures range from 33.1&nbsp;°F in January to 77.9&nbsp;°F in July.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prism.oregonstate.edu/explorer/|title=PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State U}}</ref> The [[hardiness zone]] is 7b.

==Education==
{{Further|Chichester School District}}
[[File:Marcus Hook PA Elementary School.jpg|thumb|Marcus Hook Elementary School]]
Marcus Hook is a part of [[Chichester School District]], which includes Marcus Hook Elementary School] for grades K-4, Chichester Middle School for grades 5-8, and Chichester High School for grades 9-12. Each of the three schools is located in Marcus Hook.

The area [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] K-8 school is Holy Family Regional Catholic School in [[Aston, Pennsylvania|Aston]]. Marcus Hook previously had its own Catholic grade school, Immaculate Conception School. It closed in 1974, with students moved to Holy Savior School. That school merged into Holy Savior-St. John Fisher School in [[Linwood, Pennsylvania|Linwood]], which in turn merged into Holy Family in 2012.<ref name=RodgersAlumni>{{cite web|author=Rodgers, Loretta|url=https://www.delcotimes.com/news/alumni-offer-final-farewells-to-holy-saviour-st-john-fisher/article_83f4c941-7333-5402-8606-dafe08d42738.html|title=Alumni offer final farewells to Holy Saviour-St. John Fisher School|work=[[Delco Times]]|date=2012-06-04|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=2020-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503175037/https://www.delcotimes.com/news/alumni-offer-final-farewells-to-holy-saviour-st-john-fisher/article_83f4c941-7333-5402-8606-dafe08d42738.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1900= 1209
|1910= 1573
|1920= 5324
|1930= 4867
|1940= 4123
|1950= 3843
|1960= 3299
|1970= 3041
|1980= 2638
|1990= 2546
|2000= 2314
|2010= 2397
|2020= 2454
|footnote=<ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2020|url=https://pasdc.hbg.psu.edu/Portals/48/Features/CountyAndMunicipalPopulationChange_2010to2020.xlsx?ver=2021-08-24-080135-920}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
As of Census 2010, the racial makeup of the borough was 82.3% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 13.6% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.6% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.0% of the population [http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table]{{dead link|date=January 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}.

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 2,314 people, 919 households, and 565 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|2,055.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,025 housing units at an average density of {{convert|910.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 91.44% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 5.32% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.09% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.61% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.69% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.86% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.77% of the population.

There were 919 households, out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 28.1% under the age of 18, 8.9% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.4 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $28,219, and the median income for a family was $36,083. Males had a median income of $31,620 versus $24,569 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $13,738. About 13.3% of families and 21.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 22.5% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over.

==Transportation==
{{stack|[[File:2022-10-16 13 47 13 View north along U.S. Route 13 (Tenth Street) just north of Pennsylvania State Route 452 (Market Street) in Marcus Hook, Delaware County, Pennsylvania.jpg|right|thumb|[[U.S. Route 13 in Pennsylvania|US 13]] North in Marcus Hook]]}}
As of 2020, there were {{convert|7.25|mi}} of public roads in Marcus Hook, of which {{convert|1.90|mi}} were maintained by the [[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation]] (PennDOT) and {{convert|5.35|mi}} were maintained by the borough.<ref name=PennDOTmap>{{cite web|url=https://gis.penndot.gov/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/Type5/23413.pdf|title=Marcus Hook Borough map|publisher=PennDOT|access-date=March 12, 2023}}</ref>

[[U.S. Route 13 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 13]] (10th Street) is the main road through the borough, leading northeast {{convert|4|mi|0}} to [[Chester, Pennsylvania|Chester]], and southwest {{convert|9|mi|0}} to [[Wilmington, Delaware]]. [[Pennsylvania Route 452]] (Market Street) intersects US 13 in the center of the borough and leads north {{Convert|1|mi}} to [[Interstate 95 in Pennsylvania|Interstate 95]] Exit 2, and {{convert|7|mi|0}} to [[U.S. Route 1 in Pennsylvania|U.S. Route 1]] west of [[Media, Pennsylvania|Media]].<ref name=PennDOTDelaware>{{cite map|publisher=[[Pennsylvania Department of Transportation|PennDOT]]|title=Delaware County, Pennsylvania Highway Map|url=http://www.dot7.state.pa.us/BPR_pdf_files/Maps/GHS/Roadnames/Delaware_GHSN.PDF|year=2021|access-date=April 17, 2022}}</ref> [[Marcus Hook station]] is a [[SEPTA]] train station on the [[Wilmington/Newark Line]] providing service to [[Center City, Philadelphia|Center City Philadelphia]], Wilmington, and [[Newark, Delaware]]. [[SEPTA Route 119]] bus also services Marcus Hook along its route between [[Chester Transit Center]] and [[Cheyney University]].<ref name=septamap>{{cite map|title=SEPTA Official Transit & Street Map Suburban|publisher=SEPTA|url=http://www.septa.org/maps/region/pdf/suburb.pdf|access-date=April 17, 2022}}</ref>

==Notable people==
[[File:American Viscose Corporation.png|thumb|This industrial village in Marcus Hook, built by [[American Viscose Corporation]], housed the company's plant workers.]]
[[File:Marcus Hook, PA (bit of DE) flickr.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of the Marcus Hook riverfront]]
* [[Ron Bennington]], [[Sirius XM]] radio personality
* [[William Bucknell]], businessman and benefactor of [[Bucknell University]] for whom the university is named
* [[Elisha Cullen Dick]], attending physician of [[George Washington]] at time of his death
*[[Ralph Garzia]], Pennsylvania State Representative
*[[John Grubb]], member of the [[Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly]] and original settler of [[Brandywine Hundred]]
*[[Robert E. Haebel]], U.S. Marine Corps major general
* [[Billy "White Shoes" Johnson]], former professional football player
*[[Albert Dutton MacDade]], Pennsylvania State Senator and Judge in the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas
* [[Mickey Vernon]], professional baseball player
* [[Curt Weldon]], former U.S. Representative and Marcus Hook mayor

==Religion==
The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia]] operates Catholic churches. Immaculate Conception of Lourdes Church in Marcus Hook opened in January 1917.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archphila.org/parishes/7190.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121112607/http://www.archphila.org/parishes/7190.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-11-21|title=Immaculate Conception (Italian) |publisher=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia]]|date=2008-11-21|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> In 2013 Immaculate Conception merged with in St. John Fisher Church in [[Upper Chichester Township]], with the Immaculate Conception parish closed.<ref>{{cite web|author=Mengers, Patti|url=https://www.delcotimes.com/news/delco-parishes-lament-closures/article_faefcbdf-75fa-5721-ae25-6c4ccc0ea8eb.html|title=5 Delco parishes lament closures|work=[[Delco Times]]|date=2013-06-30|access-date=2020-05-03|archive-date=2020-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503204128/https://www.delcotimes.com/news/delco-parishes-lament-closures/article_faefcbdf-75fa-5721-ae25-6c4ccc0ea8eb.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References in popular culture==
The 2005 American comedy-drama film ''[[One Last Thing...]]'', about a 16-year-old terminally ill boy hoping his final wish is granted, takes place in Marcus Hook.<ref>{{cite web|title=One Last Thing... (2005)|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0452660/|website=www.imdb.com|date=5 May 2006|access-date=15 April 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania}}
* [http://www.marcushookboro.com/ Borough of Marcus Hook official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212061414/http://www.marcushookboro.com/ |date=2006-12-12 }}

{{Delaware County, Pennsylvania}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:1655 establishments in the Dutch Empire]]
[[Category:1655 establishments in North America]]
[[Category:1892 establishments in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Establishments in New Netherland]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania populated places on the Delaware River]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1655]]