Editing Marc Riboud

{{Short description|French photographer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = 
| name               = Marc Riboud
| honorific_suffix   = 
| image              = Marc Riboud Arles 1975.jpg
| image_size         = <!-- DISCOURAGED per WP:IMGSIZE. Use image_upright. -->
| alt                = 
| caption            = Marc Riboud in 1975
| birth_name         = <!-- only use if different from name above -->
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|df=y|1923|06|24}}
| birth_place        = [[Saint-Genis-Laval]], France
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|df=y|2016|08|30|1923|06|24}}
| death_place        = Paris, France
| death_cause        = 
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| nationality        = French
| other_names        = 
| citizenship        = 
| education          = 
| alma_mater         = [[École centrale de Lyon]]
| occupation         = Photographer
| years_active       = 
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| agent              = <!-- Discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
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| spouse             = [[Barbara Chase-Riboud]] (1961–1981; divorced)
| partner            = <!-- (unmarried long-term partner) -->
| children           = 2
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| awards             = Lucie Award (2006)<br />Sony World Photography Awards (2009)<br />Prix Nadar (2012)
| website            = {{URL|www.marcriboud.com/}}
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'''Marc Riboud''' ({{IPA|fr|ʁibu|lang}}; 24 June 1923 – 30 August 2016) was a French photographer, best known for his extensive reports on the [[Far East]]: ''The Three Banners of China'', ''Face of North Vietnam'', ''Visions of China'', and  ''In China''.

==Early life and education==
Riboud was born in [[Saint-Genis-Laval]] and went to the [[lycée]] in [[Lyon]].  He photographed his first picture in 1937, using his father's [[Vest Pocket Kodak|Vest Pocket]] [[Kodak]] camera. As a young man during [[World War II]], he was active in the [[French Resistance]], from 1943 to 1945.  After the war, he studied engineering at the [[École Centrale de Lyon]] from 1945 to 1948.

==Career==
Until 1951 Riboud worked as an engineer in Lyon factories, but took a week-long picture-taking vacation, inspiring him to become a photographer.<ref name="Josefburg">[http://www.skjstudio.com/riboud/ SK Josefburg Studio biography] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307120731/http://www.skjstudio.com/riboud/ |date=7 March 2011 }}</ref> He moved to Paris where he met [[Henri Cartier-Bresson]], [[Robert Capa]], and [[David Seymour (photographer)|David Seymour]], the founders of [[Magnum Photos]]. By 1953 he was a member of the organization. His ability to capture fleeting moments in life through powerful compositions was already apparent, and this skill was to serve him well for decades to come.

Over the next several decades, Riboud traveled around the world. In 1957, he was one of the first European photographers to go to China, and in 1968, 1972, and 1976, Riboud made several [[reportages]] on [[North Vietnam]].  Later he traveled all over the world, but mostly in Asia, Africa, the U.S. and Japan. Riboud has been witness to the atrocities of war (photographing from both the Vietnam and the American sides of the Vietnam War), and the apparent degradation of a culture repressed from within (China during the years of chairman [[Mao Zedong]]'s [[Cultural Revolution]]). In contrast, he has captured the graces of daily life, set in sun-drenched facets of the globe ([[Fès]], [[Angkor]], [[Acapulco]], [[Niger]], [[Bénarès]], Shaanxi), and the lyricism of child's play in everyday Paris.  In 1979 Riboud left the Magnum agency.

Riboud's photographs have appeared in numerous magazines, including ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'', ''Géo'', ''[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]]'', ''[[Paris Match]]'', and ''[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]]''. He twice won the [[Overseas Press Club]] Award, received the [[World Photography Organisation|Lifetime Achievement Award]] at the 2009 Sony World Photography Awards and has had major retrospective exhibitions at the [[Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris]] and the [[International Center of Photography]] in New York.

Riboud was made an Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Photographic Society]] in 1998.<ref name="rps">{{cite web | url = http://www.rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/honorary-fellowships | accessdate = 8 March 2017 | publisher = [[Royal Photographic Society]] | title = Honorary Fellowships (HonFRPS) | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170127135803/http://www.rps.org/about/awards/history-and-recipients/honorary-fellowships | archive-date = 27 January 2017 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Photography==
One of Riboud's best known images is ''Eiffel Tower Painter'', taken in Paris in 1953. It depicts a man painting the tower, posed like a dancer, perched between the metal armature of the tower. Below him, Paris emerges from the photographic haze. Lone figures appear frequently in Riboud's images. In ''Ankara'', a central figure is silhouetted against an industrial background, whereas in ''France'', a man lies in a field. The vertical composition emphasizes the landscape, the trees, sky, water and blowing grass, all of which surround but do not overpower the human element.

An image taken by Riboud on 21 October 1967, entitled "[[The Ultimate Confrontation: The Flower and the Bayonet]]," is among the most celebrated anti-war pictures. Shot in Washington, D.C. where thousands of anti-war activists had gathered in front of [[the Pentagon]] to protest against [[Vietnam War|America's involvement in Vietnam]], the picture shows a young girl, Jan Rose Kasmir, with a flower in her hands and a kindly gaze in her eyes, standing in front of several rifle-wielding soldiers stationed to block the protesters. Riboud said of the photo, "She was just talking, trying to catch the eye of the soldiers, maybe trying to have a dialogue with them. I had the feeling the soldiers were more afraid of her than she was of the bayonets."<ref>[http://festival.magnumphotos.com/60_years_1967.php "Marc Riboud 1967"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211033316/http://festival.magnumphotos.com/60_years_1967.php |date=11 December 2008 }}, Magnum Festival '07: 60 Years. Retrieved 14 November 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/CONTENT/Nov302008/finearts20081129103619.asp ''Deccan Herald''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204233332/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov302008/finearts20081129103619.asp |date=4 December 2008 }}, 30 November 2008</ref>

In contrast to the images in his photo essay, ''A Journey to North Vietnam'' (1969), Riboud says in the accompanying interview:
"My impression is that the country's leaders will not allow the slightest relaxation of the population at large [...] it is almost as if [...] they are anxious to forestall the great unknown – peace."<ref name="Riboud">''Newsweek,'' 20 October 1969: 35</ref> In the same ''Newsweek'' article, he expanded further in his observations on life in [[North Vietnam]]:

<blockquote>I was astonished, for example, at the decidedly gay atmosphere in [[Hanoi]]'s Reunification Park on a Sunday afternoon [...] I honestly did not have the impression they were discussing [[socialism]] or the 'American aggressors' [...] I saw quite a few patriotic posters crudely 'improved' with erotic graffiti and sketches.<ref name="Riboud"/></blockquote>

There is a divide between what is photographed (or published) and what Riboud had to say by way of his interview. Commenting on this in 1970, the author [[Geoffrey Wolff]] wrote:

<blockquote>Riboud's photographs illustrate the proposition. The French photographer has been to North Vietnam twice [...] and he is most friendly, on the evidence of his pictures, to the people and the institutions he found there. His photographs are of happy faces,[...] An Air Force ace illustrates how he shot the American "air pirates" from the sky [...] Who knows the truth about these places?<ref>''Newsweek,'' December 7, 1970</ref></blockquote>

American, revolutionary political [[Rap Metal]] band, [[Rage Against the Machine]] used two of Riboud's photographs for their second single "[[Bullet in the Head (song)|Bullet in the Head]]". Both photographs carry strong political and social messages, but are very different. The front cover is a picture of American school children pledging allegiance to the 'flag' ([[Flag of the United States|Stars and Stripes]]) in a classroom; the back cover picture, is of a young (probably [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]) boy, who is pointing a pistol, while soldiers stand on parade in the background.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/release/1643053 |title="Bullet in the Head" at |publisher=discogs |date=7 February 1993 |accessdate=13 September 2014}}</ref> It is unclear who or what the boy is aiming at and whether the gun is real or a toy.

==Marriage and family==
In 1961 Riboud married the American sculptor [[Barbara Chase-Riboud|Barbara Chase]], who was living in Paris.<ref name="Smith">Smith, Jessie C. 1991. "Barbara Chase Riboud," in ''Notable Black American Women,'' p. 178.(Gale Cengage)</ref> They had two children.<ref name="Smith"/> She became well known for her novel, ''[[Sally Hemings]]'' (1979), which earned critical acclaim and became a bestseller.  They divorced before 1981.

He later married Catherine Chaine, a journalist and author.

Riboud died in Paris on 30 August 2016, at the age of 93.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/01/world/europe/marc-riboud-photographer-dies.html|title=Marc Riboud, Photojournalist Who Found Grace in the Turbulent, Dies at 93|date=31 August 2016|work=The New York Times|accessdate=31 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.magnumphotos.com/theory-and-practice/in-memoriam-marc-riboud-1923-2016/| title=In Memoriam: Marc Riboud, 1923 – 2016| website=Magnum Photos| accessdate=2 September 2016}}</ref>

==Publications==
*''Women of Japan''. Andre Deutch, 1959.
*''Visions of China, Photographs 1957–1980''. Pantheon Books, 1981. {{ISBN|978-0-394-74840-5}}
*''Three Banners of China''.  Macmillan, 1966. {{ISBN|978-3-7611-0609-9}}
*''Photographs at Home and Abroad''. Abrams, 2000. {{ISBN|9780810915664}}
*''Photo Poche 37: Marc Riboud'' {{ISBN|978-2867540509}}
*''Marc Riboud: photos choisies 1953–1985''. Paris: Musee d'art moderne de la ville de Paris, 1985. {{ISBN|978-2-85346-000-2}}
*''Marc Riboud: l'embarras du choix''
*''Marc Riboud: Journal''. by Claude Roy. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988. {{ISBN|978-0-8109-1566-4}}
*''Marc Riboud in China: Forty Years of Photography'' New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1997. {{ISBN|978-0-8109-4430-5}}
*''Marc Riboud: 50 Years of Photography'' by Annick Cojean. Flammarion, 2004. {{ISBN|978-2-08-030447-6}}
*''Grands Travaux à Paris: 1981–1995'' with Seloua Luste Boulbina and Alexis Riboud. France: La Dispute, 2007. {{ISBN|978-2-84303-147-2}}
*''Le Bon Usage du monde'' by Claude Roy. France: Éditions Rencontre, 1963.
*''Istanbul, 1950–2000''. With Jean-Claude Guillebaut. France: Imprimerie Nationale, 2003. {{ISBN|978-2-7433-0446-1}}
*''Huang Shan''
*''The Face of North Vietnam''. With Philippe Devilliers. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1970. {{ISBN|978-0-03-085325-8}}
*''Chine: Instantanés de Voyage''. France: Arthaud, 1980. {{ISBN|978-2-7003-0334-6}}
*''Bangkok'' with William Warren. Weatherhill/Serasia, 1976. {{ISBN|9780834818507}}
*''Angkor: The Serenity of Buddhism''. London: Thames and Hudson, 1993. {{ISBN|978-0-500-54182-1}}
*''Angkor: Sérénité bouddhique''. France: Institut Geographique National, 1998. {{ISBN|978-2-11-081154-7}}
* ''A lasting moment: Marc Riboud photographs Leeds 1954 and 2004 (with [[Janet Douglas (historian)]], Anna Douglas, [[Caryl Phillips]]) (2008)

==Exhibitions==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2016}}
*1958 ''Photographs From The Museum Collection'' ([[Museum of Modern Art]], New York)<ref>{{cite web |title=Photographs From The Museum Collection |url=https://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2016/spelunker/exhibitions/3988/ |website=Museum of Modern Art |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>
*1959 ''30th Anniversary Special Installation – Towards the "New" Museum'' (Museum of Modern Art, New York)<ref>{{cite web |title=30th Anniversary Special Installation – Towards the "New" Museum |url=https://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2016/spelunker/exhibitions/2700/ |website=Museum of Modern Art |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>
*1960 ''Photographs for Collectors'' (Museum of Modern Art, New York)<ref>{{cite web |title=Photographs for Collectors |url=https://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2016/spelunker/exhibitions/4153/ |website=Museum of Modern Art |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>
*1963 ''Marc Riboud'' (The Art Institute, Chicago)
*1964 ''[[Edward Steichen]] Photography Center'' (Museum of Modern Art, New York)<ref>{{cite web |title=Edward Steichen Photography Center |url=https://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2016/spelunker/exhibitions/4204/ |website=Museum of Modern Art |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>
*1966 ''China'' (Institute of Contemporary Art, London)
*1967 ''China'' (The Photographers Gallery, London)
*1974 ''Marc Riboud'' (The Photographers Gallery, London)
*1975 ''Nord Vietnam'' ([[Rote Fabrik]], Zurich)
*1975 ''Against the Odds by Marc Riboud'' (International Center of Photography, NY)<ref>{{cite web |title=TURBULENT DECADESAgainst the Odds, Photographs by Marc Riboud |url=https://www.icp.org/exhibitions/turbulent-decades-against-the-odds-photographs-by-marc-riboud |website=International Center of Photography |date=23 February 2016 |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>
*1977 ''Marc Riboud'' (Galerie Municipale, Toulouse)
*1978 ''Marc Riboud'' (Galerie Agathe Gaillard, Paris)
*1981 ''From China & Elsewhere'' (Gallery Photograph, NY)
*1981 ''China'' (The Photographers Gallery, London)
*1982 ''China'' (Galerie Photo, Geneva)
*1984 ''Hommage à Marc Riboud'' (Centre d'action culturelle and 'China' Galerie ACPA, Bordeaux)
*1985 ''Rétrospective'' (Musée d'Art moderne de la Ville, Paris)
*1988 ''Marc Riboud'' (Galerie Agathe Gaillard, Paris)
*1988 ''Marc Riboud'' (International Center of Photography, NY)
*1996 ''China, Travelling Exhibition'' (Centre National de Photographie, Paris – Barbican, London – International Center of Photography, NY)
*2004 ''Rétrospective'' (Maison européenne de la Photographie, Paris)
*2008 ''Les Inédits de Marc Riboud'' (Atelier Publimod, Paris)
*2008 ''Home on the Road'' (Howard Greenburg, New York)<ref>{{cite web |title=MARC RIBOUD: HOME ON THE ROAD |url=http://www.howardgreenberg.com/exhibitions/marc-riboud-home-on-the-road |website=Howard Greenburg Gallery |accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref>
*2009 ''Marc Riboud. L'Instinct de l'instant. 50 Years of Photography'' ([[Musée de la Vie romantique]], Paris)
*2009 ''China 1954–2004'' ([[Month of Photography Asia]], Singapore)
*2010 ''Krishna Riboud's Garden'' (Musée des Arts asiatiques—Guimet, Paris)
*2014 ''Portraits of the 20th Century'' (Peter Fetterman Gallery, Santa Monica)<ref>{{cite web |title=Portraits of the 20th Century |url=http://www.peterfetterman.com/exhibitions/portraits-of-the-20th-century |website=Peter Fetterman Gallery |accessdate=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409054829/http://www.peterfetterman.com/exhibitions/portraits-of-the-20th-century |archive-date=9 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2015 ''Marc Riboud'' (Salon Galic Croatian Association of Visual Artists, Croatia)<ref>{{cite web |title=Marc Riboud Exhibition in Salon Galic |url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/what-s-happening/9479-marc-riboud-exhibition-in-salon-galic |website=Total Croatia News |accessdate=18 April 2019}}</ref>
*2018 ''The World of Marc Riboud'' (Leica Gallery Tokyo, Tokyo)<ref>{{cite web |title=Simultaneous exhibitions at Leica Gallery Tokyo and Leica Gallery Kyoto |url=http://kr.leica-camera.com/layout/set/print/Leica-Galleries-Worldwide/Leica-Gallery-Tokyo/News-Program/2015/Marc-Riboud-Photo-Exhibition |website=Leica Camera |accessdate=18 April 2019 |archive-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418030657/http://kr.leica-camera.com/layout/set/print/Leica-Galleries-Worldwide/Leica-Gallery-Tokyo/News-Program/2015/Marc-Riboud-Photo-Exhibition |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Sources==
* {{Cite book| title=Magnum: Fifty Years at the Front Line of History | author=Miller, Russell | year=1999 | publisher=[[Grove Press]] | isbn=0802136532 | id={{ISBN|978-0-8021-3653-4}} | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sc51OU4DLeAC }}
* {{Cite book| title=Get the Picture: A Personal History of Photojournalism |author1=Morris, John |author2=McNeill, William | publisher=[[University of Chicago]] Press | year=2002 |isbn=0226539148 | id={{ISBN|978-0-226-53914-0}} | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzM2EjoCWGcC }}
* {{Cite book| title=Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography | author=Warren, Lynn | year=2006 | id={{ISBN|978-0-415-97665-7}} | publisher=CRC Publishing | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YeK7FXhKrw0C | pages=1338–1340 | isbn=0415976650 }}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.marcriboud.com}}
* [http://www.magnumphotos.com/Archive/C.aspx?VP3=ViewBox_VPage&VBID=2K1HZOWMA1S7Y&CT=Search&DT=Image Magnum Photos portfolio]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061001150818/http://wiredforbooks.org/marcriboud/index.htm Audio interview with Don Swaim, 1988]}}
* {{IMDb name|id=3455032|name=Marc Riboud}}

{{Authority control (arts)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Riboud, Marc}}
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Saint-Genis-Laval]]
[[Category:Magnum photographers]]
[[Category:French photojournalists]]
[[Category:Photography in China]]
[[Category:Photography in Japan]]
[[Category:Vietnam War photographers]]
[[Category:French Resistance members]]
[[Category:École Centrale de Lyon alumni]]