Editing Man of La Mancha

{{Short description|1965 American stage musical}}
{{For|the 1972 film|Man of La Mancha (film){{!}}''Man of La Mancha'' (film)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox Musical
|name= Man of La Mancha
|subtitle=
|image= Playbill Man of La Mancha.jpg
|caption= Original ''[[Playbill]]''
|music= [[Mitch Leigh]]
|lyrics= [[Joe Darion]]
|book= [[Dale Wasserman]]
|basis= ''[[I, Don Quixote]]'' (teleplay) by Dale Wasserman and ''[[Don Quixote]]'' (novel) by [[Miguel de Cervantes]]
|productions= 1965 [[Goodspeed Opera House]] (tryout) <br> 1965 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] <br> 1968 [[West End theatre|West End]] <br>1972 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] <br> 1972 [[Man of La Mancha (film)|Film]] <br> 1977 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] <br> 1992 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] <br> 2002 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] <br> 2019 [[West End Theatre|West End Revival]] <br> International productions <!-- Please include only long-running major-market productions in the infobox -->
<!-- Please do not include production-specific (acting, directing, etc.) awards -->
|awards= [[Tony Award for Best Musical]] <br> [[Tony Award for Best Score]]
}}
'''''Man of La Mancha''''' is a 1965 [[musical theatre|musical]] with a book by [[Dale Wasserman]], music by [[Mitch Leigh]], and lyrics by [[Joe Darion]]. It is adapted from Wasserman's non-musical 1959 [[teleplay]] ''[[I, Don Quixote]]'', which was in turn inspired by [[Miguel de Cervantes]] and his 17th-century novel ''[[Don Quixote]]''. It tells the story of the "mad" knight Don Quixote as a play within a play, performed by Cervantes and his fellow prisoners as he awaits a hearing with the [[Spanish Inquisition]].<ref>[http://guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_m/man_mancha.htm 'Man of La Mancha' synopsis] guidetomusicaltheatre.com. Retrieved January 27, 2010</ref> The work is not and does not pretend to be a faithful rendition of either Cervantes' life or ''Don Quixote''. Wasserman complained repeatedly about people taking the work as a musical version of ''Don Quixote''.<ref>[http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/artics99/wasserma.htm Don Quixote as Theatre", Cervantes (journal of the Cervantes Society of America), vol. 19, number 1, 1999, pp. 125-30] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231939/http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/artics99/wasserma.htm |date=March 3, 2016 }}. Retrieved September 25, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/articf01/diary.pdf "A Diary for ''I, Don Quixote''", ''Cervantes'' (journal of the Cervantes Society of America), vol. 21, no. 2, 2001, pp. 117-123, on page 123] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211807/http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/cervante/csa/articf01/diary.pdf |date=March 3, 2016 }}. Retrieved September 25, 2014.</ref>

The original 1965 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] production ran for 2,328 performances and won five [[Tony Award]]s, including Best Musical. The musical has been revived four times on Broadway, becoming one of the most enduring works of musical theatre.<ref name=ibdb>[http://www.ibdb.com/show.php?id=5817 'Man of La Mancha' Broadway listings, 1965, 1972, 1977, 1992, and 2002] Internet Broadway Database. Retrieved January 26, 2010</ref>

"[[The Impossible Dream (The Quest)|The Impossible Dream]]", the principal song in the show, became a [[Standard (music)|standard]]. The musical has played in many other countries around the world, with productions in Dutch, French (translation by [[Jacques Brel]]), German, Hebrew, Irish, Estonian, Japanese, Korean, Bengali, Gujarati, Uzbek, Bulgarian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovenian, Swahili, Finnish, Chinese, Ukrainian, Turkish, and nine distinct dialects of the Spanish language.<ref>[http://theatre-musical.com/lamancha/show.html "La Mancha" history] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020021328/http://theatre-musical.com/lamancha/show.html |date=October 20, 2007 }} theatre-musical.com. Retrieved January 27, 2010</ref>

''Man of La Mancha'' was first performed at the [[Goodspeed Opera House]] in [[East Haddam, Connecticut]], in 1965, and had its New York premiere on the [[thrust stage]] of the [[ANTA Washington Square Theatre]] in 1965.<ref>Abbe A. Debolt: ''Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture''. ABC-CLIO, 2011, {{ISBN|9780313329449}}, pp. 389-390 ({{Google books|JscEZeXBsZYC|excerpt|page=389}})</ref>

==History==
''Man of La Mancha'' started as a non-musical teleplay written by [[Dale Wasserman]] for CBS's ''[[DuPont Show of the Month]]'' program. This original telecast starred [[Lee J. Cobb]], [[Colleen Dewhurst]] (who replaced [[Viveca Lindfors]]), and [[Eli Wallach]] and was performed on a television sound stage. The [[DuPont|DuPont Corporation]] disliked the title ''Man of La Mancha'', thinking that its viewing audience would not know what [[La Mancha]] actually meant, so a new title, ''[[I, Don Quixote]]'', was chosen. The play was broadcast live on November 9, 1959, with an estimated audience of 20 million.<ref>Wasserman, Dale. ''The impossible musical'' (2003). Hal Leonard Corporation. {{ISBN|1-55783-515-2}}, pp. 48–53</ref> The New York Public Library at Lincoln Center, Billy Rose Collection, has a rare tape of this broadcast.

Years after this television broadcast and after the original teleplay had been unsuccessfully optioned as a non-musical Broadway play, director [[Albert Marre]] called Wasserman and suggested that he turn his play into a musical. Mitch Leigh was selected as composer, with orchestrations by Carlyle W. Hall. Unusually for the time, t<!--on an original Wiki entry derived from other sources,-->his show was scored for an orchestra with no violins or other traditional orchestral stringed instruments apart from a double bass, instead making heavier use of brass, woodwinds, percussion and utilizing flamenco guitars as the only stringed instruments of any sort.<ref>[http://www.allmusicals.com/m/manoflamancha.htm Synopsis and song lyrics] AllMusicals.com. Retrieved January 27, 2010</ref>

The original lyricist of the musical was poet [[W. H. Auden]], but his lyrics were discarded, some of them considered too overtly satiric and biting, attacking the bourgeois audience at times. Auden's lyrics were replaced by those of Joe Darion.<ref>[http://www.broadway.tv/broadway-features-reviews/Hidden-Broadway-Treasures-Revealed www.Broadway.tv article "Broadway Hidden Treasures Revealed"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923164730/http://www.broadway.tv/broadway-features-reviews/Hidden-Broadway-Treasures-Revealed |date=September 23, 2011 }}</ref>

==Productions==
The musical first played at the [[Goodspeed Opera House]] in [[Connecticut]] in 1965.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goodspeed.org/shows-tickets/past-productions|title=Goodspeed Musicals – Past productions including Goodspeed original productions; Man of La Mancha, Shenandoah, Annie and many more!|website=www.goodspeed.org|access-date=2017-05-20}}</ref> [[Rex Harrison]] was to be the original star of this production, but although Harrison had starred in a musical role in the stage and film versions of ''[[My Fair Lady]]'', the musical demands of the role of Don Quixote were too heavy for him. [[Richard Kiley]] instead became Don Quixote. 

After 22 previews, the musical opened [[off-Broadway]] at the experimental [[thrust stage|thrust-stage]] [[ANTA Washington Square Theatre]] in [[Greenwich Village]] on November 22, 1965. The show moved to Broadway to the [[Martin Beck Theatre]] on March 20, 1968, then to the [[Village East by Angelika|Eden Theatre]] on March 3, 1971, and finally to the [[Mark Hellinger Theatre]] on May 26, 1971, for its last month, a total original Broadway run of 2,328 performances. Musical staging and direction were by Albert Marre, choreography was by [[Jack Cole (choreographer)|Jack Cole]], and [[Howard Bay (designer)|Howard Bay]] was the scenic and lighting designer, with costumes by Bay and Patton Campbell.<ref name=ibdb/>

[[Richard Kiley]] won a [[Tony Award]] for his performance as Cervantes/Quixote in the original production, and it made Kiley a ''bona fides'' Broadway star.<ref>Gussow, Mel.[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/06/theater/richard-kiley-the-man-of-la-mancha-is-dead-at-76.html?pagewanted=1 "Richard Kiley, the Man of La Mancha, Is Dead at 76"],''The New York Times'', March 6, 1999</ref> Kiley was replaced in the original Broadway run by first [[Jose Ferrer]] on Broadway and in the 1966 National Tour, and then by operatic baritone [[David Atkinson (baritone)|David Atkinson]]. Atkinson also performed Cervantes/Quixote in the 1968 National Tour and for all of the matinee performances in the 1972 Broadway revival, which also starred Kiley.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1969/09/08/88861378.pdf|title=Atkinson Rejoins Musical|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 8, 1969}}</ref>

The original cast also included [[Irving Jacobson]] (Sancho), [[Ray Middleton (actor)|Ray Middleton]] (Innkeeper), [[Robert Rounseville]] (The Padre), and [[Joan Diener]] (Aldonza). [[John Cullum]], [[Hal Holbrook]], and [[Lloyd Bridges]] also played Cervantes and Don Quixote during the run of the production.<ref name=ibdb/> Keith Andes also played the role.

The musical was performed on a single set that suggested a dungeon. All changes in location were created by alterations in the lighting, by the use of props supposedly lying around the floor of the dungeon, and by reliance on the audience's imagination. More recent productions, however, have added more scenery.<ref>Guernsey, Otis L. ''Curtain times: the New York Theatre, 1965–1987'' (1987). Hal Leonard Corporation, {{ISBN|0-936839-24-4}}, p. 36</ref><ref>Prideaux, Tom.[https://books.google.com/books?id=9VUEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Man+of+La+Mancha%22&pg=PA47 'Man of La Mancha']''Life'' Magazine, April 8, 1966</ref>

The original [[West End theatre|West End]] London production was at the [[Piccadilly Theatre]], opening on April 24, 1968, and running for 253 performances. [[Keith Michell]] starred, with Joan Diener reprising her original role and [[Bernard Spear]] as Sancho.<ref>[http://guidetomusicaltheatre.com/london_shows_chronology/1968.htm 1968 listing] guidetomusicaltheatre.com. Retrieved January 26, 2010</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UtGHDoSnDXAC&pg=PA459 |title=Green, Stanley. ''The World of Musical Comedy'' (1984), Da Capo Press, ISBN 0-306-80207-4, p. 459 |date= March 22, 1984|access-date=January 7, 2013|isbn=9780306802072 |last1=Green |first1=Stanley |publisher=Hachette Books |author-link1=Stanley Green (historian)}}</ref><ref name=ethan>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WFyJdLgYlikC&pg=PA157 |title=Mordden, Ethan. ''Broadway Babies: The People Who Made the American Musical'' (1988). Oxford University Press US, ISBN 0-19-505425-3, p. 157 |date=June 23, 1988 |access-date=January 7, 2013|isbn=9780195363753 |last1=Mordden |first1=Ethan |publisher=Oxford University Press }}</ref>

The play has been revived on Broadway four times:<ref name=ibdb/>
* 1972 – with 3 of the original actors from
the original 1965 cast: Richard Kiley as Cervantes/Quixote, Irving Jacobson as Sancho Panza and Joan Diener as Aldonza/Dulcinea, running for 140 performances
* 1977 – with Richard Kiley as Cervantes/Quixote, [[Tony Martinez (actor)|Tony Martinez]] as Sancho Panza and Emily Yancy as Aldonza/Dulcinea, running for 124 performances
* 1992 – with [[Raul Julia]] as Cervantes/Quixote and [[Sheena Easton]] as Aldonza/Dulcinea, running for 108 performances. Easton was replaced late in the run by the original Dulcinea, Joan Diener.
* 2002 – with [[Brian Stokes Mitchell]] as Cervantes/Quixote, [[Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio]] as Aldonza/Dulcinea, and [[Ernie Sabella]] as Sancho Panza, running for 304 performances; [[Marin Mazzie]] took over as Aldonza (Dulcinea) on July 1, 2003. This production featured Scenic and Costume Design by [[Paul Brown (costume designer)|Paul Brown]], Lighting Design by [[Paul Gallo]], Sound design by Tony Meola and Projection design by [[Elaine J. McCarthy]].

In the film ''[[Man of La Mancha (film)|Man of La Mancha]]'' (1972), the title role went to [[Peter O'Toole]] (singing voice dubbed by [[Simon Gilbert (tenor)|Simon Gilbert]]), [[James Coco]] was Sancho, and [[Sophia Loren]] was Aldonza.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0068909/ 'Man of La Mancha' movie listing] Internet Movie Database. Retrieved January 26, 2010</ref>

[[Hal Linden]] played Quixote in the show's 1988 U.S. National tour,<ref>"Listing: 'Man of La Mancha' – stars Hal Linden, July 19–31", ''Texas Monthly'', July 1988</ref> and [[Robert Goulet]] played Quixote in the 1997–98 U.S. National tour.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Bf4DAAAAMBAJ&dq=Robert+Goulet+Man-of-La-Mancha&pg=PA20 Theater, Orange Coast Performing Arts Center, Through January 5, 'Man of La Mancha', starring Robert Goulet"] [[Orange Coast Magazine]], January 1997</ref>

A studio-made recording of the score was released in 1996, conducted by [[Paul Gemignani]] and starring [[Plácido Domingo]] as Quixote, [[Mandy Patinkin]] as Sancho, [[Julia Migenes]] as Aldonza, [[Jerry Hadley]] as the Priest and [[Samuel Ramey]] as the Innkeeper.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Man-La-Mancha-Mitch-Leigh/dp/B00000279J/ref=sr_1_cc_1?s=aps&ie=UTF8&qid=1401294366&sr=1-1-catcorr&keywords=Man+of+la+Mancha+Domingo|title = Man of la Mancha|website = Amazon|year = 1996}}</ref>

In 2014, ''Man of La Mancha'' featured as part of the [[Stratford Festival]] in [[Stratford, Ontario|Stratford]], Ontario, Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stratfordfestival.ca/OnStage/productions.aspx?id=24353&prodid=52399|title=''Man of La Mancha''|publisher=[[Stratford Shakespeare Festival]]|access-date=May 15, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140515142925/http://www.stratfordfestival.ca/OnStage/productions.aspx?id=24353&prodid=52399|archive-date=May 15, 2014|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[Shakespeare Theatre Company]] produced ''Man of La Mancha'' at the [[Sidney Harman Hall]]. The production starred [[Anthony Warlow]] as Quixote and Amber Iman as Aldonza/Dulcinea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespearetheatre.org/plays/evt_detail.aspx?id=410&source=l|title=''Man of La Mancha''|publisher=[[Shakespeare Theatre Company]]|access-date=April 13, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406054649/http://www.shakespearetheatre.org/plays/evt_detail.aspx?id=410&source=l|archive-date=April 6, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 2019, the play received a West End revival with a production at the [[London Coliseum]]. [[Kelsey Grammer]] starred as Cervantes/Quixote, [[Danielle de Niese]] and [[Cassidy Janson]] as Aldonza/Dulcinea, [[Peter Polycarpou]] as Sancho, and [[Nicholas Lyndhurst]] as the Governor/Innkeeper.<ref>[https://www.eno.org/whats-on/man-of-la-mancha ''Man of La Mancha''] - [[English National Opera]] website (2019)</ref>

==Synopsis==
In the late sixteenth century, failed author-soldier-actor and tax collector [[Miguel de Cervantes]] has been thrown into a dungeon by the [[Spanish Inquisition]], along with his manservant. They have been charged with foreclosing on a monastery. Their fellow prisoners attack them, eager to steal the contents of the large trunk Cervantes has brought with him. However, a sympathetic criminal known as "the Governor" suggests setting up a mock trial instead. Only if Cervantes is found guilty will he have to hand over his possessions. A cynical prisoner, known as "the Duke," charges Cervantes with being an idealist and a bad poet. Cervantes pleads guilty, but then asks if he may offer a defense, in the form of a play, acted out by him and all the prisoners. The "Governor" agrees.

Cervantes takes out a makeup kit and costume from his trunk, and transforms himself into Alonso Quijano, an old gentleman who has read so many books of chivalry and thought so much about injustice that he has lost his mind and set out as a [[knight-errant]]. Quijano renames himself Don Quixote de La Mancha, and goes off to find adventures with his "squire", Sancho Panza. ("Man of La Mancha (I, Don Quixote)")

Don Quixote warns Sancho that they are always in danger of being attacked by Quixote's mortal enemy, an evil magician known as the Enchanter. Suddenly he spots a windmill, mistakes it for a four-armed giant, attacks it, and receives a beating from the encounter. Quixote decides that he lost the battle because he was never properly knighted. He then mistakes a rundown inn for a castle and orders Sancho to announce their arrival by blowing his bugle.

Cervantes talks some prisoners into assuming the roles of the inn's serving wench and part-time prostitute Aldonza, and a group of muleteers who are propositioning her. Aldonza fends them off sarcastically ("It's All The Same"), but eventually deigns to accept their leader, Pedro, who pays in advance.

Don Quixote enters with Sancho, asking for the lord of the castle. The Innkeeper (played by The Governor) humors Don Quixote as best he can. Quixote sees Aldonza and declares that she is his lady, Dulcinea, to whom he has sworn eternal loyalty ("Dulcinea"). Aldonza, used to rough treatment, is first flabbergasted and then annoyed at Quixote's kindness, and is further aggravated when the Muleteers turn Quixote's tender ballad into a mocking serenade.

Meanwhile, Antonia, Don Quixote's niece, has gone with Quixote's housekeeper to seek advice from the local priest, who realizes that the two women are more concerned with the embarrassment Quixote's madness may bring them than with his actual welfare ("I'm Only Thinking of Him").

Cervantes chooses "the Duke" to play Dr. Sanson Carrasco, Antonia's fiancé, a man just as cynical and self-centered as the prisoner who is playing him. Carrasco is upset at the idea of marrying into the family of a madman, but the priest convinces Carrasco that it would be a worthy challenge to use his abilities to cure his prospective uncle-in-law. Carrasco and the priest set out to bring Don Quixote back home ("I'm Only Thinking of Him [Reprise]").

Back at the inn, Sancho delivers a [[wikt:missive|missive]] from Don Quixote to Aldonza courting her favor and asking for a token of her esteem. Aldonza provides the requested token: an old dishrag. She asks Sancho why he follows Quixote, but he can come up with no explanation other than "I Really Like Him". Alone, Aldonza ponders Quixote's behavior and her inability to laugh at him ("What Do You Want of Me?"). In the courtyard, the muleteers once again taunt Aldonza with a suggestive song ("Little Bird, Little Bird"). Pedro makes arrangements with her for an assignation later.

The priest and Dr. Carrasco arrive, but cannot reason with Don Quixote. Quixote becomes distracted by a barber who passes by the inn, wearing his shaving basin on his head to ward off the sun's heat ("The Barber's Song"). Quixote threatens the barber with a sword and snatches the basin, declaring it is the "Golden Helmet of [[Mambrino]]", which makes its wearer invulnerable. Dr. Carrasco and the priest leave, with the priest impressed by Don Quixote's view of life and wondering if curing him is really worthwhile ("To Each His Dulcinea").

Quixote still wishes to be officially dubbed a knight: he plans to stand vigil all night over his armor in the inn's courtyard, and then have the Innkeeper (whom he mistakes for a nobleman) grant him knighthood the following morning. Aldonza encounters Quixote in the courtyard and confronts him; Quixote does his best to explain the ideals he follows and the quest he is on ("The Impossible Dream"). Pedro enters, furious at being kept waiting, and slaps Aldonza. Enraged, Don Quixote takes him and all the other muleteers on in a fight ("The Combat"). Don Quixote has no martial skill, but by luck and determination – and with the help of Aldonza and Sancho – he prevails, and the muleteers are all knocked unconscious. But the noise attracts the attention of the Innkeeper, who tells Quixote that he must leave. Quixote apologizes for the trouble but reminds the Innkeeper of his promise to dub him knight. The Innkeeper does so ("Knight of the Woeful Countenance").

Quixote then declares that he must comfort the wounded muleteers, because chivalry requires kindness to one's enemies. Aldonza, impressed, says that she will help the muleteers instead. But when she comes to them with bandages, they beat her, rape her, and carry her off ("The Abduction"). Quixote, unaware of this, contemplates his recent victory and new knighthood ("The Impossible Dream" – first reprise).

At this point, the Don Quixote play is brutally interrupted when the Inquisition enters the dungeon and drags off an unwilling prisoner to be tried. The Duke taunts Cervantes for his look of fear, and accuses him of not facing reality. This prompts Cervantes to passionately defend his idealism.

The Don Quixote play resumes ("Man of La Mancha" – first reprise). Quixote and Sancho have left the inn and encounter a band of Gypsies ("Moorish Dance") who take advantage of Quixote's naiveté and steal everything they own, including Quixote's horse Rocinante and Sancho's donkey Dapple.<ref>The gypsy scene is omitted in some productions.</ref> Quixote and Sancho are forced to return to the inn. Aldonza also shows up at the inn, bruised and ashamed. Quixote swears to avenge her, but she tells him off, flinging her real, pitiful history in his face and blaming him for allowing her a glimpse of a life she can never have. She begs him to see her as she really is but Quixote can only see her as his Dulcinea ("Aldonza").

Suddenly, another knight enters. He announces himself as Don Quixote's mortal enemy, the Enchanter, in the form of the "Knight of the Mirrors". He insults Aldonza, so Quixote challenges him to combat. The Knight of the Mirrors and his attendants bear huge mirrored shields, and as they swing them at Quixote ("Knight of the Mirrors"), the glare blinds him. The Knight taunts Quixote, forcing him to see himself as the world sees him: a fool and a madman. Don Quixote collapses, weeping. The Knight of the Mirrors removes his helmet – he is really Dr. Carrasco, returned with his latest plan to cure Quixote.

Cervantes announces that the story is finished, but the prisoners are dissatisfied with the ending. They prepare to burn his manuscript when he asks for the chance to present one last scene. The governor agrees.

Quixote is back at home, and has fallen into a coma. Sancho tries to cheer him up ("A Little Gossip"), and Alonso opens his eyes. He is now sane: he gives his name as Alonso Quijano and thinks his knightly career was just a dream. However, he feels close to death, and asks the priest to help him make out his will. Aldonza suddenly forces her way into the room. She has come to visit Quixote because she can no longer bear to be anyone but Dulcinea. When he does not recognize her, she sings a reprise of "Dulcinea" and tries to help him remember the words of "The Impossible Dream." Suddenly, he remembers everything and rises from his bed, calling for his armor and sword so that he may set out again ("Man of La Mancha" – second reprise). But it is too late – in mid-song, he cries out and falls dead. The priest sings "The Psalm" ([[Psalm 130]] in Latin) for the dead. Sancho is distraught at his friend's death. Aldonza tries to comfort him, saying that Alonso Quijano may be dead but Don Quixote lives on. When Sancho addresses her as Aldonza, she replies, "My name is Dulcinea."

The Inquisition enters to take Cervantes to his trial, and the prisoners, finding him not guilty, return his manuscript. It is his (as yet) unfinished novel, ''[[Don Quixote]]''. As Cervantes and his servant mount the staircase to go to their impending trial, the prisoners, led by the girl who played Dulcinea, sing "The Impossible Dream" in chorus.

== Musical numbers ==
* "Overture"
* "Man of La Mancha (I, Don Quixote)" – Don Quixote, Sancho
* "Food, Wine, Aldonza!" – Muleteers
* "It's All the Same" – Aldonza
* "Dulcinea" – Don Quixote
* "I'm Only Thinking of Him" – Antonia, Padre, Housekeeper
* "We're Only Thinking of Him" – Antonia, Carrasco, Padre, Housekeeper
* "The Missive" – Sancho
* "I Really Like Him" – Sancho
* "What Does He Want of Me?" – Aldonza
* "Little Bird, Little Bird" – Muleteers
* "Barber's song" – Barber
* "Golden Helmet of Mambrino" – Don Quixote, Sancho & Barber
* "To Each His Dulcinea" – Padre
* "[[The Impossible Dream (The Quest)|The Impossible Dream]]" – Don Quixote
* "The Combat (instrumental)" – orchestra
* "The Dubbing" – Innkeeper, Aldonza & Sancho
* "Knight of the Woeful Countenance" - Innkeeper
* "Little Bird, Little Bird (reprise)" leading into an instrumental entitled...
* "The Abduction" – Muleteers
* "The Impossible Dream (reprise)" – Don Quixote
* "Man of La Mancha (reprise)" – Don Quixote
* "Moorish Dance (instrumental)" – Moors
* "Aldonza" – Aldonza
* "Knight of the Mirrors (choreographed instrumental sequence)" – orchestra
* "A Little Gossip" – Sancho
* "Dulcinea (reprise)" – Aldonza
* "The Impossible Dream (reprise)" – Aldonza & Don Quixote
* "Man of La Mancha (reprise)" – Don Quixote, Aldonza & Sancho
* "The Psalm" – Padre
* "Finale Ultimo: [[The Impossible Dream (The Quest)|The Impossible Dream]] (reprise)" – Company

==Casts==
=== Original casts ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:10%;" | Character
! style="width:10%;" | Broadway <br /> <small>1965</small>
! style="width:10%;" | West End <br /> <small>1968</small>
! style="width:10%;" | First Broadway Revival <br /> <small>1972</small>
! style="width:10%;" | Second Broadway Revival <br /> <small>1977</small>
! style="width:10%;" | Third Broadway Revival <br /> <small>1992</small>
! style="width:10%;" | Fourth Broadway Revival <br /> <small>2002</small>
! style="width:10%;" | First West End Revival <br /> <small>2019</small>
|-
! [[Alonso Quijano|Don Quixote]]<hr>[[Miguel de Cervantes]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Richard Kiley]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Keith Michell]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Richard Kiley]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Raul Julia]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Brian Stokes Mitchell]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Kelsey Grammer]]
|-
! Aldonza<hr>Dulcinea
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Joan Diener]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Emily Yancy]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Sheena Easton]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Danielle de Niese]]<hr />[[Cassidy Janson]]
|-
! Sancho Panza
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Irving Jacobson]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Bernard Spear]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Irving Jacobson]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[Tony Martinez (actor)|Tony Martinez]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Ernie Sabella]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Peter Polycarpou]]
|-
! The Innkeeper
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Ray Middleton (actor)|Ray Middleton]]
| style="text-align:center;" | David King
| style="text-align:center;" | Jack Dabdoub
| style="text-align:center;" | Bob Wright
| style="text-align:center;" | [[David Holliday]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Don Mayo
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Nicholas Lyndhurst]]
|-
! Dr. Sanson Carrasco
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Jon Cypher]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Peter Arne]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Lee Bergere]]
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Ian Sullivan
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Stephen Bogardus]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Eugene McCoy
|-
! Antonia
| style="text-align:center;" | Mimi Turque
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Patricia Bredin]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Dianne Barton
| style="text-align:center;" | Harriett Conrad
| style="text-align:center;" | Valerie De Pena
| style="text-align:center;" | Natascia Diaz
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Lucy St. Louis]]
|-
! The Padre
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Robert Rounseville]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Alan Crofoot]]
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Robert Rounseville]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Taylor Reed
| style="text-align:center;" | David Wasson
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Mark Jacoby]]
| style="text-align:center;" | Minal Patel
|}

===Notable replacements===

==== Broadway (1965–71) ====
*'''Don Quixote:''' [[David Atkinson (baritone)|David Atkinson]], [[Claudio Brook]], [[John Cullum]], [[José Ferrer]], [[Laurence Guittard]], [[Hal Holbrook]], [[David Holliday]], [[Matsumoto Hakuō II|Somegoro Ichikawa]], [[Keith Michell]], [[Gideon Singer]]
*'''Aldonza:''' [[Patricia Marand]], [[Marion Marlowe]]
*'''Sancho Panza:''' [[Joey Faye]], [[Tony Martinez (actor)|Tony Martinez]], [[Titos Vandis]]
*'''The Innkeeper:''' [[Wilbur Evans]]
*'''Dr. Carrasco:''' [[Laurence Guittard]], [[David Holliday]], [[Tim Jerome]]

==== Broadway Revival (1972) ====
*'''Don Quixote:''' [[David Atkinson (baritone)|David Atkinson]]

==== Broadway Revival (1992) ====
*'''Don Quixote:''' [[Laurence Guittard]]
*'''Aldonza:''' [[Joan Diener]]

==== Broadway Revival (2002–03) ====
*'''Aldonza:''' [[Marin Mazzie]]

==Translated stage adaptations==

===Spanish===
* The first Spanish production opened in 1966 in [[Madrid]], Spain, starring [[Nati Mistral]] as Aldonza and the great Spanish baritone Luis Sagi-Vela as Quixote/Cervantes. A cast album was released by Columbia Records featuring four songs, all except the last sung by Sagi-Vela: "The Impossible Dream", "Dulcinea", "Little Bird", and "What Do You Want From Me".
* The first Mexican production premiered on February 19, 1969, at the Teatro Manolo Fábregas in [[Mexico City]], with Mistral reprising her acclaimed Aldonza, Claudio Brook as Quixote/Cervantes, and Oscar Pulido as Sancho Panza. The best-selling cast recording was issued by MCA/Decca on LP, and was later re-issued on CD by Honda Music International.
* A Peruvian cast album was released in 1969 as well.
* [[José Sacristán]] and [[Paloma San Basilio]] starred in an acclaimed Madrid revival in 1998.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RfHOu2ocJjAC&pg=PA52 |title=Poza, JosÉ Alberto Miranda. ''Anais Do i Congresso Nordestino de Espanhol'' (date unknown), Editora Universitária UFPE |isbn=978-85-7315-504-4 |page=52 |language=es |access-date=January 7, 2013|year=2008 |publisher=Editora Universitária UFPE }}</ref> A 2-disc cast album was issued by EMI-Odeón, recorded live at Teatro Lope de Vega.
* A 2004 revival opened at the Teatro Calderón in Madrid and also toured throughout Spain, finishing in Barcelona.
* On September 28, 2016, a new production opened at the [[Teatro de los Insurgentes]] in Mexico City, with Benny Ibarra as Quixote/Cervantes, Ana Brenda Contreras as Aldonza and Carlos Corona as Sancho Panza.

===Swedish===
* The first Swedish production opened September 1, 1967 at Malmö Stadsteater (now Malmö Opera). Starring in the three lead roles were Lars Ekman, Maj Lindström and K G Lindström.

===Hebrew===
*A Hebrew-language production was produced by [[Giora Godik]] in [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]], in 1967.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfaarchive/1990_1999/1998/7/musical%20plays%20on%20the%20hebrew%20stage |title=Musical Plays on the Hebrew Stage |publisher=Mfa.gov.il |date=July 16, 1998 |access-date=January 7, 2013}}</ref><ref name="albums">{{cite web|url=http://castalbums.org/shows/Man_of_La_Mancha/213 |title=Man of La Mancha cast albums |publisher=Castalbums.org |access-date=January 7, 2013}}</ref>

=== German ===
*The first German language version was written by [[Robert Gilbert (musician)|Robert Gilbert]] and started on 4 January 1968 in Vienna with [[Dietrich Haugk]] as director. Don Quixote/Cervantes was played by [[Josef Meinrad]], Aldonza by Blanche Aubry and Sancho Panza by [[Fritz Muliar]]. The production was quite successful and subsequently shown in other German speaking theaters. A recording with the German cast was published by [[Polydor]] within the same year.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-45465087.html ''MUSICAL / CERVANTES - Testament des Sklaven'']. Der Spiegel, 1968-01-29 (German)</ref><ref>Michael Holzinger: [https://www.sempre-audio.at/Der_Mann_von_La_Mancha_1968.id.66.htm ''Der Mann von La Mancha (1968)'']. Sempre Audio, 2009-10-17 (German)</ref>
*An Austrian version of the musical, in German, was presented on Austrian television in 1994, with [[Karl Merkatz]] (playing Cervantes and Quixote at the age of sixty-four) and Dagmar Hellberg in the leading roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0461540/|title=Der Mann von La Mancha|date=March 27, 1994|access-date=March 27, 2018|via=www.imdb.com}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=March 2014}}

===French===
* A French adaptation premiered at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées on December 11, 1968. Belgian singer-songwriter [[Jacques Brel]] translated the songs and played the lead (the only time he ever adapted songs written by other writers or appeared in a stage musical). Joan Diener reprised her role as Aldonza (this time singing in French).<ref name=ethan/><ref>Wasserman, Dale. ''The Impossible Musical'' (2003). Hal Leonard Corporation. {{ISBN|1-55783-515-2}}, pp. 163-164</ref> It was recorded and issued in 1968 as the album ''[[L'Homme de la Mancha]]''.<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0007W7HF2 'Man of La Mancha' recording, 1968 French Cast] Amazon.com. Retrieved January 26, 2010</ref>
* Another French version based on Brel's translation was produced in [[Liège]] in 1998 and 1999 with [[José van Dam]] in the lead role.<ref>[http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/jose-van-dam van Dam Biography] laphil.com, October 1999. Retrieved January 26, 2010</ref>
* In March 2012, French baritone [[David Serero (opera singer)|David Serero]] performed the lead of role of Don Quixote in a new production, produced by himself, in Paris and Deauville with an international cast including [[Jeane Manson]], Charlie Glad, Lionel Losada, Gilles San Juan and directed by James Marvel.

=== Bulgarian ===
* A Bulgarian adaptation for television ({{langx|bg|Човекът от Ла Манча|italic=yes|translit=Chovekat ot La Mancha}}) was released in 1968 directed by Asen Trayanov and Grisha Ostrovski, starring [[Kosta Tsonev]], [[Nikola Anastasov]], [[Grigor Vachkov]], [[Konstantin Kotsev]], Vasil Mihaylov and [[Tatyana Lolova]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bnt.bg/bg/movies/details/1359/chovekyt_ot_la_mancha_ae_tv_muzikyl_bylgarija_1968g_v_pamet_na_kosta_conev |title=''Man of La Mancha'' as TV musical on the Bulgarian national television |publisher=Bnt.bg |date=March 14, 2011 |access-date=January 7, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314170243/http://bnt.bg/bg/movies/details/1359/chovekyt_ot_la_mancha_ae_tv_muzikyl_bylgarija_1968g_v_pamet_na_kosta_conev |archive-date=March 14, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* A Bulgarian stage adaptation was realized directed by [[Grisha Ostrovski]].

===Cantonese===
* A Cantonese production entitled "The Heroic Spirit of a Warrior" opened in 1982 in Hong Kong, starred Yiu Tsang-Pak as the leading role. Another Cantonese production with a new title "Sleepwalking Knight of La Mancha" opened in Hong Kong in 2004, with Yiu Tsang-Pak returning as the leading role. The book was re-translated by Rupert Chan.

===Chinese===
* The first Mandarin Chinese production of the musical opened Dec. 2015 in Shanghai, China, starring Kain Liu as Don Quixote/Cervantes. This production used "I, Don Quixote" as title, and was directed by American director Joseph Graves. In May 2016, the show premiered in Beijing with Kain Liu repeating the title role.

===Bengali===
* A Bengali adaptation by Arun Mukherjee entitled ''Dukhi Mukhi Joddha'' was staged in Calcutta in 1994 by the theater group Chetana, under his direction.
* In April 2018 Chetana once again staged a much elaborate adaptation of the musical under the direction of Sujan (Neel) Mukhopadhyay, entitled ''Don...Takye Bhalo Lagye'' and starring Suman Mukhopadhyay in the title role.

=== Korean ===
* A Korean production first opened at the Haeorum Theater of the [[National Theater of Korea]] in 2005 under the name ''Don Quixote''. Ryu Jung-han and Kim Seong-ki starred as the main characters.
* In a 2007 production, this time staged under its original name, [[Cho Seung-woo]] and Jung Sung-hwa starred as Quixote/Cervantes. They reprised their roles a year later and in 2010.
* Multiple stars played the titular role in the 2012 production, including [[Hwang Jung-min]] (who had to step down due to him directing and starring in a production of Sondheim's [[Assassins (musical)|''Assassins'']] and was replaced by Ryu Jung-han), Seo Bum-suk, and [[Hong Kwang-ho]]. 
* Jung Sung-hwa and [[Cho Seung-woo]] played the main character in a 2013 production.
* In a 2015 production marking the tenth anniversary of the musical's first performance in Korea, Jo and Ryu returned in the lead role.

===Japanese===
*A Japanese-language production entitled ''The Impossible Dream'' was produced in Tokyo, Japan, where [[Matsumoto Kōshirō IX]] (as Ichikawa Somegorō VI) took the lead role.<ref name="albums"/>

===Others===
*The musical has been and continues to be produced in many other languages around the world, and in 2012 and 2013 played in Germany, Hungary, Czech Republic, Romania, China, Poland, Dominican Republic, Chile, Russia, and in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cast albums are available in many languages including German from the 1968 Vienna performance (''Der Mann von La Mancha'') and the 1969 Hamburg cast (''Der Mann von La Mancha''), the 1969 Dutch cast (''De Man van La Mancha''), the 1970 Norwegian cast (''Mannen frå La Mancha''), the 1997 Polish cast (''Człowiek Z La Manchy''), the 1997 Czech cast (''Muž Z la Manchy''), the 2001 Hungarian cast (''La Mancha Lovagja''), and many others.<ref name="albums"/>

==Awards and nominations==

===Original Broadway production===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;"| Year
! style="width:20%;"| Award Ceremony
! style="width:45%;"| Category
! style="width:20%;"| Nominee
! style="width:10%;"| Result
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;"| 1966
| rowspan="7"| [[Tony Award]]
| colspan="2"| [[Tony Award for Best Musical|Best Musical]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical]]
| [[Richard Kiley]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical|Best Direction of a Musical]]
| [[Albert Marre]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Original Score|Best Original Score]]
| [[Mitch Leigh]] and [[Joe Darion]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]
| [[Jack Cole (choreographer)|Jack Cole]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Scenic Design|Best Scenic Design]]
| [[Howard Bay (designer)|Howard Bay]]
| {{won}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]
| [[Howard Bay (designer)|Howard Bay]] and Patton Campbell
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[New York Drama Critics' Circle|New York Drama Critics' Circle Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=New York Drama Critics' Circle Awards Past Winners|url=https://www.dramacritics.org/dc_pastawards.html |access-date=31 January 2025 |website=New York Drama Critics' Circle|language=en}}</ref>
| Best Musical
| Mitch Leigh, Joe Darion and Dale Wasserman
| {{won}}
|}

===1977 Broadway revival===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;"| Year
! style="width:20%;"| Award Ceremony
! style="width:45%;"| Category
! style="width:20%;"| Nominee
! style="width:10%;"| Result
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 1978
| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical|Outstanding Actor in a Musical]]
| [[Richard Kiley]]
| {{nom}}
|}

===2002 Broadway revival===
{| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;"
|-
! style="width:5%;"| Year
! style="width:20%;"| Award Ceremony
! style="width:45%;"| Category
! style="width:20%;"| Nominee
! style="width:10%;"| Result
|-
| rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;"| 2003
| rowspan="3"| [[Tony Award]]
| colspan="2"| [[Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical|Best Revival of a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical]]
| [[Brian Stokes Mitchell]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical|Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical]]
| [[Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[Drama Desk Award]]
| colspan="2"| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Revival of a Musical|Outstanding Revival of a Musical]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical|Outstanding Actor in a Musical]]
| [[Brian Stokes Mitchell]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;"| 2004
| rowspan="1"| [[Grammy Award]]
| colspan="2"| [[Best Musical Show Album]]
| {{nom}}
|}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Bibliography==
* Wasserman, Dale. ''The Impossible Musical – The Man of La Mancha Story'' (2003) Applause Books, New York
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090305193505/https://www.theparamount.net/documents/study%20guides/ManofLaManchaTeacherStudyGuide.pdf Study guide for ''Man of La Mancha'']
* [http://www.musicalheaven.com/m/man-of-la-mancha/ Synopsis, ''Man of La Mancha'' at MusicalHeaven.com]
* [http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/albm77.html Information about the musical with links to recording and sheet music information]

== External links ==
{{commons}}
{{wikiquote}}
* {{ibdb show|5817}}
* [http://www.talkinbroadway.com/world/LaMancha.html TalkinBroadway review of the 2002 production]
* [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E1DA123BF935A35751C1A9649C8B63 ''New York Times'' review of the 2002 production]
* [http://stageagent.com/Shows/View/725 Information about the musical from Stageagent.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080502131359/http://sonyclassical.com/music/46436/main.html Sony's store info]

{{Don Quixote}}
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[[Category:Broadway musicals]]
[[Category:Musicals based on Don Quixote]]
[[Category:Tony Award for Best Musical]]
[[Category:Musicals set in Spain]]
[[Category:Musicals set in the 16th century]]
[[Category:1964 musicals]]
[[Category:Musicals inspired by real-life events]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Miguel de Cervantes]]
[[Category:Tony Award–winning musicals]]
[[Category:Musicals set in prison]]