Editing Mamaragan

{{Short description|Australian Aboriginal god of lightning}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
[[File:Kakadu (AU), Kakadu National Park, Anbangbang Rock Shelter -- 2019 -- 4106.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[rock art]] of Mamaragan/Namarrkon (upper right) in [[Kakadu National Park]].]]
In Australian [[Aboriginal mythology]] (specifically: [[Bininj|Kunwinjku]]), '''Mamaragan'''<ref name="Mountford-1955" /><ref name="Poignant-1967" /><ref name="Gunn-Whear-2008" /> or '''Namarrkon'''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Garde |first1=Murray |title=Bininj Kunwok Online Dictionary |url=https://www.njamed.com/#namarrkon |website=njamed.com |publisher=Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre |accessdate=28 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Gunn-Whear-2008" /> is a [[lightning]] Ancestral Being who speaks with [[thunder]] as his voice.  He rides a [[storm]]-[[cloud]] and throws lightning bolts to [[human]]s and [[tree]]s.  He lives in a Billabong.

==Characteristics and appearance==
Namarrkon is the lightning man.  Namarrkon soaks up the sun's rays, which form bright arcs of light across each of his shoulders.  He is mostly unseen, living high in the sky and riding storm clouds.  He makes thunderous sounds by striking the clouds with stone axes fixed to his head, elbows, and knees.<ref>{{cite web |title= Dreamtime Stories |url=http://kakadu-attractions.com/dreamtime.htm |id= deity NAMARRKUN |publisher=Kakadu Attractions |accessdate= 11 March 2018}}</ref>

He appears each year in [[Kunumeleng]], pre-monsoon season,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Garde |first1=Murray |title=Bininj Kunwok Online Dictionary |url=https://www.njamed.com/#Kunumeleng |website=njamed.com |publisher=Bininj Kunwok Regional Language Centre |accessdate=28 May 2019}}</ref> reminding people of the consequences of invoking the spiritual power.  If people disobey the law, Namarrkon hisses, crackles, and even strikes the offender with his fiery spears of lightning.<ref>{{cite web |title= Dreamtime Stories |url= http://kakadu-attractions.com/dreamtime.htm |id= deity NAMARRKUN |publisher= Kakadu Attractions|accessdate=11 March 2018}}</ref>

== Actions during ancient climate change ==
The climate changed nearly 7,000 years ago, causing the ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise.  During this period, Namarrkon created violent thunderstorms in preparation for the Wet Season rains brought by the [[Rainbow Serpent]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dreamtime Stories|url=http://kakadu-attractions.com/dreamtime.htm|publisher=Kakadu Attractions|id=deity NAMARRKUN|accessdate=11 March 2018}}</ref>

== Dreaming site ==
During the dry season, he lives in a billabong not far from Numbuwah, a sacred rock in Western Arnhem Land. Namarrkon's dreaming site (djadjan) is a slight projection in the outline of the Arnhem Land escarpment. It consists of three fused pillars, one with a circular hole near the top. This is a few km NE of the [[Nourlangie Rock|Nourlangie]] Rock tourist site to the east of Koongarra saddle.  Namarggon left one eye (the hole) to watch for the monsoon, but also to watch his estranged wife, whose home is a cave in a pillar near Koongarra. Namarrkondjadjan is well-named, as the promontory creates the earliest intense lightning storms.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-28|title=namarrkon {{!}} Sell namarrkon {{!}} namarrkon the lightning spirit|url=https://www.aboriginal-bark-paintings.com/namarrkon-2/|access-date=2021-07-17|website=Aboriginal Bark Paintings|language=en-US}}</ref>

== In Aboriginal art ==
Namarrkon is depicted in Arnhem land Rock art with the best known depiction being at Nourlangie rock. This spirit was also depicted by numerous aboriginal artists on bark paintings including Lofty Nadjamerrek, Nadjombolmi and [[Mick Kubarkku]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-07|title=Nadjombolmi Charlie Barramundi {{!}} Sell {{!}} value {{!}} bark painting {{!}} oenpelli|url=https://www.aboriginal-bark-paintings.com/nadjombolmi-charlie-barramundi/|access-date=2021-07-17|website=Aboriginal Bark Paintings|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-22|title=Mick Kubarkku oenpelli Artist {{!}} Mick Balang Kubarrku {{!}} sell Mick Kubarkku|url=https://www.aboriginal-bark-paintings.com/kubarkku/|access-date=2021-07-17|website=Aboriginal Bark Paintings|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-13|title=Lofty Nadjamerrek {{!}} Bardayal Lofty Nadjamerrek {{!}} nabardayal {{!}}sell {{!}} value|url=https://www.aboriginal-bark-paintings.com/lofty-nadjamerrek/|access-date=2021-07-17|website=Aboriginal Bark Paintings|language=en-US}}</ref> He is depicted with stone axes on his elbows or knees and a lightning surrounding his body. Only certain artists who have the right to this dreaming may paint depictions of this spirit.

==In popular culture==
In the [[DC Comics]] story ''The Darkseid War'' the superhero [[Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Shazam]] is empowered by six new deities; one of them is Mamaragan, revealed to be the true identity of the Wizard who originally empowered the hero.<ref name="Allen">{{cite web|last=Allen|first=Peter|title=Mamaragan|url=http://www.godchecker.com/pantheon/australian-mythology.php?deity=MAMARAGAN|publisher=Godchecker|accessdate=7 April 2014}}</ref>

In the [[Japan]]ese [[Manga]] [[One Piece]], [[Kami]] [[Eneru]] uses an attack called Mamaragan to attempt the destruction of Skypiea.<ref name="Allen"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Mountford-1955">{{cite journal |last=Mountford |first=Charles P. |authorlink=Charles P. Mountford |year=1955 |title=The lightning man in Australian mythology |journal=Man |volume=55 |pages=129–30 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.16914/page/n156/mode/1up }}</ref>
<ref name="Poignant-1967">{{cite book |last=Poignant |first=Roslyn |authorlink=Roslyn Poignant |year=1967 |title=Oceanic mythology : the myths of Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Australia |location=London |publisher=Paul Hamlyn |url=https://archive.org/details/oceanicmythology0000poig |page=124 }}</ref>
<ref name="Gunn-Whear-2008">{{cite journal |last1=Gunn |first1=Robert |last2=Whear |first2=R. L. |year=2008 |title=A singular beeswax representation of Namarrkon, the Lightning Man, from western Arnhem Land |journal=Australian Aboriginal Studies |pages=54–69 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287597817_A_singular_beeswax_representation_of_Namarrkon_the_Lightning_Man_from_western_Arnhem_Land }}</ref>
}}

[[Category:Australian Aboriginal gods]]
[[Category:Thunder gods]]


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