Editing Mama Ocllo

{{Short description|Andean deity}}
{{about|the Inca deity|the mountain in Bolivia|Mama Uqllu (Bolivia){{!}}Mama Uqllu|the queen consort of the Inca empire|Mama Ocllo Coya}}

{{Infobox deity
| name         = Mama Ocllo
| type=Incan
| deity_of     = Motherhood and Fertility
| other_names  = Mama Cora Ocllo,<ref>{{cite web|title=EL PRIMER NVEVA CORÓNICA|url=http://base.kb.dk/manus_pub/cv/manus/ManusPage.xsql?nnoc=manus_pub&p_ManusId=253&p_PageNo=124&p_Lang=main&p_Mode=ocr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030905/http://base.kb.dk/manus_pub/cv/manus/ManusPage.xsql?nnoc=manus_pub&p_ManusId=253&p_PageNo=124&p_Lang=main&p_Mode=ocr|archive-date=2011-07-20}}</ref> Mama Ogllo, Mama Oello,<ref>{{cite book|last=Bancroft|first=byHubert Howe|title=The works of Hubert Howe Bancroft the native races : vol. IV, antiquities.|year=1980|publisher=A.L. Bancroft|location=San Francisco|isbn=0665141556|page=296}}</ref> Mama Oella, Mama Oullo, Mama Occlo,<ref>{{cite book|last=Edwardes|first=Marian|title=A dictionary of non-classical mythology|year=1912|publisher=J.M. Dent & Sons|location=London|page=113}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bingham|first=Ann|title=South and Meso-American mythology A to Z|url=https://archive.org/details/southmesoamerica00bing|url-access=limited|year=2004|publisher=Facts on file|location=New York|isbn=0816048894|page=[https://archive.org/details/southmesoamerica00bing/page/n97 79]}}</ref> Mama Okllo or Mama Uqllu.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dean|first=Carolyn|title=A culture of stone : Inka perspectives on rock|url=https://archive.org/details/culturestoneinka00dean|url-access=limited|year=2010|publisher=Duke University Press|location=Durham, NC|isbn=9780822347910|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturestoneinka00dean/page/n112 88]}}</ref>
| consort      = [[Manco Cápac]]
| offspring    = [[Sinchi Roca]]
| parents      = [[Inti]] and [[Mama Killa]] or [[Viracocha]] and [[Mama Qucha]]
| siblings     = [[Ayar Uchu]], [[Ayar Cachi]], [[Ayar Anca]], [[Manco Cápac]], [[Mama Huaco]], [[Mama Ipacura]], and [[Mama Raua]]
| image        = Mama Ocllo, Peru, circa 1840, San Antonio Museum of Art.jpg
| caption      = ''Mama Ocllo'', anonymous oil on canvas painting from Peru, circa 1840, [[San Antonio Museum of Art]].
}}

In [[Inca mythology]], '''Mama Ocllo''', or more precisely '''Mama Uqllu''', was deified as a [[Mother Goddess|mother]] and [[fertility goddess]].<ref name=Rom>{{cite book|last=Siquijor|first=Rom|title=Inkari: the Sacred Prophecy of the Inca Kings|date=5 January 2012|publisher=Palibrio|location=[S.l.]|isbn=978-1617648731}}</ref> In one legend she was a daughter of [[Inti]] and [[Mama Killa]], and in another the daughter of [[Viracocha]] (Wiraqucha) and [[Inca mythology|Mama Qucha]].<ref name=Bingham>{{cite book|last=Bingham|first=Ann|title=South and Meso-American mythology A to Z|url=https://archive.org/details/southmesoamerica00bing|url-access=limited|year=2004|publisher=Facts on file|location=New York|isbn=0816048894|page=[https://archive.org/details/southmesoamerica00bing/page/n86 68]}}</ref>  In all of them she was the older sister and wife of [[Manco Cápac]] (Manqu Qhapaq),<ref name=Gamboa>de Gamboa, P.S., 2015, History of the Incas, Lexington, {{ISBN|9781463688653}}</ref>{{rp|28–36}} whom she established the city of [[Cusco]] with.<ref>Julien, Catherine (2000). ''Reading Inca history''. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. p. 64. {{ISBN|9781587294112}}.</ref><ref>Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2000). ''Encyclopedia of ancient deities''. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 304. {{ISBN|9780786403172}}.</ref> In some variations, she also had a son with him, [[Sinchi Roca]], though all Incan rulers after Manco Cápac were believed to be their descendants.<ref name=":0">[http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A141997158/AONE?u=clackamasccl&sid=AONE&xid=39b664cc "The Life of Pachacuti Inca Yupangui."] ''Bilingual Review'', vol. 26, no. 2-3, 2001, p. 149+. ''Academic OneFile''.</ref><ref name=":2">[http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/CX3424400019/SUIC?u=clackamasccl&sid=SUIC&xid=ab92a64f "The Rise of the Incas."] ''Early Civilizations in the Americas Reference Library'', edited by Sonia G. Benson, et al., vol. 1: Almanac, Vol. 1, UXL, 2005, pp. 155-177. ''Student Resources In Context''.</ref>

According to most stories, Mama Occlo and Manco Cápac were sent by Inti to help the Inca by expanding their knowledge after he saw how poorly they were living.<ref>Feld, Evelyn Dana. [http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A62346714/ITOF?u=clackamasccl&sid=ITOF&xid=734a2451 "The Inca Creation Myth."] ''Calliope'', Mar. 2000, p. 36. ''General OneFile''.</ref> After their creation, most legends state, they began journeying to find the perfect location to begin their task, and would know when they had found it when the golden rod Inti had given both his children sank into the ground.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Editors of Salem Press. [http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=682164&site=ehost-live ''Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore : World Mythology''.] Salem Press, 2013. ''EBSCOhost''.</ref> Once the rod had sunk, they began educating the Inca people; together they taught the people to better construct homes; Mama Ocllo taught the [[Inca]] women [[weaving (mythology)|the art of spinning thread]], sewing, and household duties.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name="Stanton">{{cite book|last=Stanton|first=editors: Janet Parker, Julie|title=Mythology : myths, legends & fantasies|year=2006|publisher=Struik|location=Cape Town, South Africa|isbn=1770074538|page=505}}</ref>

== Origin ==
There are multiple variations of Mama Ocllo's origin. One common version involves Mama Ocllo emerging with Manco Cápac from an island or cave in [[Lake Titicaca]] after Inti created them, though in some alternate versions, the rest of their siblings, as well as ten [[Ayllu|ayllus]], rise from the lake, too, and they all journey together for a short time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Some myths depict Mama Ocllo and Manco Cápac's place of origin to be from the [[Rock of Origins]], which is a location described as sacred.<ref>Busque, Jordi. [http://link.galegroup.com.ccclibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A188739056/AONE?u=clackamasccl&sid=AONE&xid=8b45b1d4 "Lifeline of a lake: since Bolivia and Peru share a common border with Lake Titicaca, both are working together to preserve the beauty of this natural wonder and enhance the lives of its inhabitants."] ''Americas'', Nov.-Dec. 2008, p. 38+. ''Academic OneFile''.</ref> Some accounts also state that both Mama Ocllo and Manco Cápac were Inti's children by the Moon.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|title=Religion in the Andes: Vision and Imagination in Early Colonial Peru|last=MacCormack|first=Sabine|date=1991|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-09468-3|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=339}}</ref>

Another account tells how Mama Ocllo and her siblings were all brought into existence by Inti, though this time they emerged from the middle of three windows on a cave known as [[Paqariq Tampu|Pacariqtambo]], and were given a sign when they approached the land they were supposed to settle on rather than a rod to prod the ground with.<ref name=":2" /> 

Instead of Inti, one legend says that Mama Ocllo is the daughter of Viracocha and Mama Qucha,<ref name="Bingham" /> making her a sibling of Inti.

There are historical accounts, including those recorded by [[Vasco Núñez de Balboa]], [[Juan de Betanzos]], and [[Martín de Murúa|Fray Martin de Morua]], that described Mama Ocllo and Manco Cápac as leaders of a group of people (the Ayar clan) who came from the Tampu Tocco area.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Second Part of the Chronicle of Peru|url=https://archive.org/details/partofchronicleperu00ciez|last=León|first=Pedro de Cieza de|date=1883|publisher=Hakluyt Society|location=London|pages=[https://archive.org/details/partofchronicleperu00ciez/page/12 12]}}</ref>

== Founding of Cuzco ==
According to the legend, Mama Ocllo and Manco Capac were given a golden scepter to help them find an ideal place to settle and worship the sun.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rumi Maki Fighting Arts: Martial Techniques of the Peruvian Inca|last1=Flores|first1=Juan Ramon Rodríguez|last2=Vega|first2=Alex Bushman|date=2007|publisher=Blue Snake Books|isbn=978-1-58394-180-5|location=Berkeley, CA|pages=9}}</ref> After their wanderings, the pair descended into a valley. They decided to build the city of Cuzco after the golden rod they brought with them sank into the soil and disappeared.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Myth: A Handbook|last=Doty|first=William G.|date=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0-313-32696-7|location=Westport, CT|pages=76}}</ref> The pair then set out to gather people and brought them to the city.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Cocijo's Gift to the People, Manco Capac and the Golden Rod, Quetzalcoatl Creates People|last=Pugliano-Martin|first=Carol|date=2011|publisher=Benchmark Education Company|isbn=978-1-4509-3011-6|pages=18}}</ref> They instructed them in the ways of human beings and the people were divided according to whether they could gather food or build houses.<ref name=":3" /> The people also built the [[Coricancha]] (temple of the Sun), also referred to as the Intihuasi, at the center of the new imperial city<ref name=":4" /> or - as some sources say - where the rod disappeared.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Empire of the Inca|url=https://archive.org/details/empireinca00some|url-access=limited|last=Somervill|first=Barbara A.|date=2005|publisher=Facts on File, Inc.|isbn=0816055602|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/empireinca00some/page/n14 14]}}</ref> 

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Inca mythology]]
[[Category:Inca goddesses]]
[[Category:Fertility goddesses]]
[[Category:Mother goddesses]]
[[Category:Textiles in folklore]]