Editing Maloideae

{{Short description|Subfamily of flowering plants}}
[[File:Malus sikkimensis0.jpg|thumb|''[[Malus sikkimensis]]'']]
The '''Maloideae''' <small>[[Claude Weber|C.Weber]]</small> was the apple subfamily, a grouping used by some [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomists]] within the rose family, [[Rosaceae]]. Recent [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic evidence]]<ref name=Potter>{{cite journal | last1 = Potter | first1 = D. | last2 = Eriksson | first2 = T. | last3 = Evans | first3 = R.C. | last4 = Oh | first4 = S.H. | last5 = Smedmark | first5 = J.E.E. | last6 = Morgan | first6 = D.R. | last7 = Kerr | first7 = M. | last8 = Robertson | first8 = K.R. | last9 = Arsenault | first9 = M.P. | last10 = Dickinson | first10 = T.A. | last11 = Campbell | first11 = C.S. | year = 2007 | title = Phylogeny and classification of Rosaceae | journal = Plant Systematics and Evolution | volume = 266 | issue = 1–2| pages = 5–43 | doi = 10.1007/s00606-007-0539-9 | s2cid = 16578516 }}</ref> has shown that the traditional [[Spiraeoideae]] and [[Amygdaloideae]] form part of the same [[clade]] as the traditional Maloideae, and the correct name for this group is '''[[Amygdaloideae]]'''. Earlier circumscriptions of Maloideae are more-or-less equivalent to subtribe [[Malinae]] or to tribe [[Maleae]]. The group includes a number of plants bearing commercially important [[fruit]]s, such as [[apple]]s and [[pear]]s, while others are cultivated as ornamentals.

In its traditional [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]]<ref name=Schulze-Menz>G. K. Schulze-Menz 1964. ''Reihe Rosales''. in ''A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nutzpflanzen nebst einer Übersicht über die Florenreiche und Florengebiete der Erde'', Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin</ref> this subfamily consisted exclusively of [[shrub]]s and small [[tree]]s characterised by a [[pome]], a type of [[accessory fruit]] that does not occur in other Rosaceae, and by a basal [[haploid]] [[chromosome]] count of 17 (instead of 7, 8, or 9 as in the other Rosaceae), involving approximately 28 genera with approximately 1100 species worldwide, with most species occurring in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

== Taxonomy ==
The subfamily was given the name Pomoideae [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] in 1789, but this name is no longer accepted under the [[nomenclature codes]] because it is not based on a genus name. It has also been separated into its own family the '''Malaceae''' [[John Kunkel Small|Small]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?683 |title=GRIN Taxonomy for Plants |access-date=2008-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071650/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?683 |archive-date=2014-04-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (formerly Pomaceae [[John Lindley|Lindl.]]).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lindley | first1 = J | year = 1822 | title = Observations on the natural group of plants called Pomaceae | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1447472| journal = Transactions of the Linnean Society of London | volume = 13 | pages = 88–106 | doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00058.x}}</ref>

An earlier intermediate classification<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.3732/ajb.89.9.1478 | title = The origin of the apple subfamily (Maloideae; Rosaceae) is clarified by DNA sequence data from duplicated GBSSI genes | year = 2002 | author = Evans, R. C. | author2 = Campbell, C. S. | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 89 | pages = 1478–1484 | issue=9 | pmid = 21665749}}</ref> expanded Maloideae to include four genera with dry non-pome fruit. These are ''[[Kageneckia]]'', ''[[Lindleya]]'', and ''[[Vauquelinia]]'', which have a haploid chromosome count of 15 or 17, and ''[[Gillenia]]'', which is [[Herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] and has a haploid chromosome count of 9.

A traditional circumscription of Maloideae includes the following genera:<ref name=Schulze-Menz />
* ''[[Amelanchier]]'' – serviceberry, juneberry
* ''Aria'' (see ''[[Sorbus]]'')
* ''[[Aronia]]'' – chokeberry
* ''[[Chaenomeles]]'' – Japanese quince
* ''[[Chamaemeles]]''
* ''Chamaemespilus'' (see ''[[Sorbus chamaemespilus]]'')
* ''Cormus'' (see ''[[Sorbus]]'')
* ''[[Cotoneaster]]'' – cotoneaster
* ''[[Crataegus]]'' – hawthorn
* ''[[Cydonia (plant)|Cydonia]]'' – quince
* ''[[Dichotomanthes]]''
* ''[[Docynia]]''
* ''[[Docyniopsis]]''
* ''[[Eriobotrya]]'' – [[loquat]]
* ''[[Eriolobus]]''
* ''[[Hesperomeles]]''
* ''[[Heteromeles]]'' – toyon
* ''[[Malacomeles]]''
* ''[[Malus]]'' – [[apple]], crabapple
* ''[[Mespilus]]'' – [[medlar]]
* ''[[Osteomeles]]''
* ''[[Peraphyllum]]''
* ''[[Photinia]]''
* ''[[Pseudocydonia]]'' – Chinese quince
* ''[[Pyracantha]]'' – firethorn
* ''[[Pyrus]]'' – pear
* ''[[Rhaphiolepis]]'' – hawthorn
* ''[[Sorbus]]'' – [[rowan]], [[whitebeam]], [[Sorbus domestica|service tree]]
* ''[[Stranvaesia]]'' = ''Photinia'' pro parte
* ''Torminalis'' (see ''[[Sorbus torminalis]]'')

Intergeneric hybrids:<ref>[[Stace, C. A.]] 1975. ''Hybridization and the flora of the British Isles''. Academic Press, London.</ref>
* ''[[× Amelasorbus]]''
* ''[[× Crataegosorbus]]''
* ''[[× Crataemespilus]]''
* ''[[× Malosorbus]]''
* ''[[× Sorbocotoneaster]]''
* ''[[× Sorbopyrus]]''

[[Graft chimera]]s:
* ''[[+ Crataegomespilus]]''
* ''[[+ Pyrocydonia]]'' (''Pirocydonia'')

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* Joseph R. Rohrer, Kenneth R. Robinson, James B. Phipps – ''Floral Morphology of Maloideae (Rosaceae) and its systematic Relevance''; American Journal of Botany, 81 (5), P. 574–581; 1994

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[[Category:Amygdaloideae]]
[[Category:Rosid subfamilies]]
[[Category:Historically recognized angiosperm taxa]]