Editing Malaysian Indian Congress

{{Short description|Malaysian political party}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
| name             = Malaysian Indian Congress
| native_name      = 
| lang1            = Malay
| name_lang1       = {{lang|ms|Kongres India Se-Malaysia}}
| logo             = Malaysian Indian Congress Logo.svg
| president        = [[Vigneswaran Sanasee]]
| secretary_general = [[Ananthan Somasundaram]]
| spokesperson     = Ramalingam Krishnamoorthy
| foundation       = 4 August 1946
| ideology         = [[Malaysian Indian]] interests<br />[[Social conservatism]]<br />[[Dravidian movement]]
| headquarters     = 6th floor, Menara Manicavasagam, No. 1, Jalan Rahmat, 50350 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| international    = 
| country          = Malaysia
| abbreviation     = MIC / ம.இ.கா
| founder          = [[John Thivy]]
| leader1_title    = Deputy President
| leader1_name     = [[Saravanan Murugan]]
| leader2_title    = Vice-President
| leader2_name     = [[Asojan Muniyandy]] <br> [[Murugiah Thopasamy]] <br> [[Nelson Renganathan]] <br> [[Vell Paari Samy Vellu]] <br> Ramasamy Muthusamy
| leader3_title    = Youth Leader
| leader3_name     = Arvind Krishnan<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2024/06/09/arvind-wins-mic-youth-chief-post-uncontested/ |title=Arvind wins MIC Youth chief's post uncontested |date=9 June 2024}}</ref>
| leader4_title    = Woman Leader
| leader4_name     = Saraswathy Nallathamby<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/04/05/johor-mic-leader-declares-candidacy-for-wanita-chief039s-post |title=Johor MIC leader declares candidacy for Wanita chief's post}}</ref>
| leader5_title    = Putera Leader<br />Puteri Leader
| leader5_name     = Shatesh Kumar<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2024/06/14/dr-shatesh-wins-putera-mic-chief-post |title=Dr Shatesh wins Putera MIC chief post}}</ref>
<br />Teeba Solaimalai
| predecessor      = Malayan Indian Congress
| slogan           = 
| newspaper        = MIC Times<br />Tamil Malar<br />[[Makkal Osai]]
| youth_wing       = MIC Youth Movement
| womens_wing      = MIC Women Movement
| wing1_title      = Putera Wing
| wing1            = MIC Putera Movement
| wing2_title      = Puteri Wing
| wing2            = MIC Puteri Movement
| membership_year  = 
| position         = [[Centre-right]]
| membership       = 
| national         = [[All-Malaya Council of Joint Action]] {{small|(1948–1953)}}<br />[[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]] {{small|(1954–1973)}}<br />[[Barisan Nasional]] {{small|(since 1973)}}
| colours          = {{Color box|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}|border=darkgray}} Green and white
| colorcode        = {{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}
| flag             = File:Malaysian Indian Congress Flag.svg
| seats1_title     = [[Dewan Negara]]:
| seats1           = {{Composition bar|3|70|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
| seats2_title     = [[Dewan Rakyat]]:
| seats2           = {{Composition bar|1|222|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
| seats3_title     = [[Dewan Undangan Negeri]]:
| seats3           = {{Composition bar|5|611|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
| website          = {{URL|http://www.mic.org.my/}}
| symbol           = 
| anthem           = ''Saathanai Namathu Kaiyile''
}}

The '''Malaysian Indian Congress''' ([[Abbreviation|abbrev]]: '''MIC'''; {{langx|ms|Kongres India Se-Malaysia}})，formerly known as '''Malayan Indian Congress''', is a [[Malaysia]]n political party. It is one of the founding members of the coalition [[Barisan Nasional]], previously known as the [[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance]], which was in power from when the country achieved independence in 1957 until the elections in 2018. The party was among the first to fight for [[Independence of Malaysia|Malayan Independence]] and is one of the oldest parties in Malaysia.

The MIC was established in August 1946 to advocate for [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]] from [[British Raj|British colonial rule]]. After [[India]] gained its independence, MIC turned its focus to the struggle for the independence of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]] (now [[Malaysia]]), which was achieved in 1957. It positioned itself to represent the [[Malaysian Indians|Indian community in Malaya]] in the post-[[World War II]] development of the country. The MIC, the [[United Malays National Organisation]] and the [[Malaysian Chinese Association]] formed the National Alliance in 1954. The National Alliance incorporated additional parties and became the [[Barisan Nasional]] in 1973.

The MIC was once the largest party representing the [[Malaysian Indian|Indian]] community,{{Explain|date=October 2022|reason=Which party is the largest now?}} but has performed poorly in elections since 2008, losing out to [[Pakatan Harapan]], which also represents majority of the Indian community.

In 2024, MIC expressed its support to a Unity Government led by Prime Minister [[Datuk Seri]] [[Anwar Ibrahim]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bernama |date=22 October 2023 |title=Kemaman by-election : MIC will help campaign for candidate from unity govt coalition {{!}} New Straits Times |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2023/10/970220/kemaman-election-mic-will-help-campaign-candidate-unity-govt-coalition |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=NST Online |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Headquarters of MIC.JPG|thumb|MIC Headquarters]]

=== John Thivy and Indian nationalism ===
John Thivy, the founder of the MIC, met [[Mahatma Gandhi]] at [[London]] while studying law. He was inspired by [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]]'s ideology and Nehru's vision and became determined to fight for Indian independence. He became actively involved in the Indian nationalist movement and returned to Malaya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1j_qCQAAQBAJ&q=MIC+under+John+Thivy&pg=PA212 |title=From People's War to People's Rule: Insurgency, Intervention, and the Lessons of Vietnam |editor=Timothy J. Lomperis |page=217 |publisher=Univ of North Carolina Press |year=2000 |isbn=9789971693916}}</ref> He founded the Malaya Indian Congress (renamed Malaysian Indian Congress after the formation of the Federation of Malaysia in 1963) in August 1946, and was party president until 1947. The word 'Congress' in the party's name refers to the [[Indian National Congress]], the party Mahatma Gandhi led to fight for Indian independence.

=== Baba Budh Singh Ji, Ramanathan, and opposition to the Malayan Union ===
After India gained independence in 1947, the MIC changed its focus and started to fight for the independence of Malaya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HphXHA4_sYQC&q=MIC+under+John+Thivy&pg=PA26 |title=Cage of Freedom: Tamil Identity and the Ethnic Fetish in Malaysia |publisher=NUS Paper |year=2007 |isbn=9789971693916 |editor=Andrew C. Willford |page=26}}</ref> Baba Budh Singh Ji became president of MIC in 1947. After World War II, the British had established the [[Malayan Union]], unifying the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administration. Although a majority of the Indian community supported the Malayan Union, the MIC did not.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mic.org.my/about/history/ |title=History – MIC |publisher=Malaysian Indian Congress}}</ref> The Malayan Union was dissolved in 1948 after widespread Malay protests and replaced with the [[Federation of Malaya]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Malayan Union controversy 1942–1948 |last=Lau |first=Albert |date=1991 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-588964-9 |location=Singapore |oclc=22117633}}</ref> The MIC later joined the [[All-Malaya Council of Joint Action]] under [[Malay titles|Tun]] [[Tan Cheng Lock]] in opposition to the Federation of Malaya Agreement.

K. Ramanathan became president in 1950. By this time, the MIC was the leading party representing Indians in Malaya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rajagopal |first1=Shanthiah |last2=Fernando |first2=Joseph Milton |date=27 April 2018 |title=The Malayan Indian Congress and Early Political Rivalry among Indian Organisations in Malaya, 1946–1950 |journal=Kajian Malaysia |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=25–42 |doi=10.21315/km2018.36.1.2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ramanathan advocated for the relaxation of the language proficiency test as a prerequisite for citizenship for Indians, and urged Indians to obtain federal citizenship.<ref name="Kailasam 2015">{{Cite journal |last=Kailasam |first=A. |date=1 January 2015 |title=Political expediencies and the process of identity construction: The quest for indian identity in Malaysia |url=http://web.usm.my/km/33(1)2015/km33012015_01.pdf |journal=Kajian Malaysia |volume=33 |pages=1–18}}</ref>

=== K.L. Devaser and a focus on Malayan independence ===
The MIC's fourth President, [[K. L. Devaser|Kundan Lal Devaser]], served from 1951 to 1955. It was during his period that MIC started to focus on the fight for Malayan independence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://malaysianindian1.blogspot.my/2008/02/mic-hidden-history.html |title=MIC – The Hidden History |website=malaysianindian1.blogspot.my}}</ref>

Under Devaser, the MIC contested the [[1952 Malayan local elections|1952 Kuala Lumpur Municipal Elections]] in alliance with the [[Independence of Malaya Party]], [[Dato Onn Bin Ja'afar|Dato' Onn bin Jaafar]] and other non-communal organisations. The election ended with a failure for MIC as their coalition was defeated by the [[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance Party]]. The defeat showed MIC that it stood a better chance of gaining influence by joining the Alliance. In 1954 the MIC joined the [[United Malays National Organisation]] and the [[Malaysian Chinese Association|Malayan Chinese Association]] in the Alliance, securing a place for Indians in the administration.<ref name="Kailasam 2015" /> The party's broader membership was less enthusiastic than the MIC leadership about joining the Alliance but were willing to support the move if the party could secure concessions from the Alliance on inter-communal issues, particularly on education.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Indian minority and political change in Malaya, 1945–1957 |last=Brown |first=Rajeswary Ampalavanar |date=1981 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-580473-2 |location=Kuala Lumpur |oclc=8080662}}</ref>

Devaser was primarily popular among the urban-based Indian elite, and lacked wider grassroots support. For the first eight years, MIC leaders were either of North Indian or Malayalee origin, a minority among Malayan Indians. The majority of Indians in Malaya at that time were Tamils, most of whom were labourers in plantations. Indian plantation workers experienced enforced segregation because of plantation compound housing. The plantation labour system also worked against the integration of Indian workers into society and perpetuated racial and occupational differentiation. Plantation workers were unable to acquire the skills required to move to better-paying jobs.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Migrant plantation workers were both marginalised and polarised in Malaya. Their wages were tied to rubber prices, falling when the rubber price fell, and were about 50c per day. Devaser came under heavy criticism from the Tamil media for not addressing the pressing issues facing the community. Some in the party felt that there was a need for a leader with a stronger relationship with the party's grassroots. In March 1955, the local daily ''Tamil Murasu'' urged Tamils to boycott the MIC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=/2007/7/16/focus/18293824&sec=focus |title=Archives |website=The Star |access-date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=14 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190614011132/https://www.thestar.com.my/story/?file=%2F2007%2F7%2F16%2Ffocus%2F18293824&sec=focus |url-status=dead}}</ref> This was followed by a call for change in MIC's leadership, led by Tamil MIC leaders, and Devaser stepped down.<ref name="Kailasam 2015" /> The MIC then faced the challenge of reconciling the political aspirations of the middle class with the needs of the working class, who at the time comprised 84% of the plantation workforce.

=== V. T Sambanthan and becoming a Tamil party ===
In May 1955, [[V. T. Sambanthan|Tun V. T. Sambanthan]] was elected as the fifth President of the Malayan Indian Congress. Sambanthan started a recruitment campaign among plantation workers, relying on the patronage of Hinduism in its popular South Indian form, increased use of the Tamil language, and encouraging Tamil cultural activities. He personally toured plantations and encouraged Tamils to join the MIC.<ref name="Kailasam 2015" /> This led to a fragmentation of the Indian community, with traditionalists and the lower middle class becoming prominent in the party while upper-class professionals and the intelligentsia moved away from it. Two paths to leadership emerged in the Indian community, via politics or via trade union activism, with very little interaction between them.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

Under Sambanthan's leadership, the MIC effectively became a Tamil party. Sambanthan served as president of the MIC until 1971 and was largely responsible for the transformation of the party to a conservative and traditionalist party emphasising Indian culture, religion and language.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}} It was the weakest of the three main political parties, with the smallest electorate (7.4% in 1959) and had little support from the Indian community at large.

The Indian community was geographically dispersed and divided and comprised less than 25% of the population in any constituency. The MIC's overriding concern was therefore to remain a partner in the Alliance and obtain whatever concessions it could from the dominant UMNO. This led the MIC to compromise on priorities such as the political and economic rights of workers.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Koh |first1=Sin Yee |editor1-last=Christou |editor1-first=A. |editor2-last=Mavroudi |editor2-first=E. |title=Dismantling Diasporas: Rethinking the Geographies of Diasporic Identity, Connection and Development |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-14958-3 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YbS1CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT133 |language=en |chapter=Unpacking 'Malaysia' and 'Malaysian Citizenship': Perspectives of Malaysian-Chinese Skilled Diasporas}}</ref>

Sambanthan sold approximately half of his father's 2.4&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> rubber estate and donated part of the money to the MIC.  He was not uniformly popular but was able to gradually unite a party that had significant internal divides.  During his presidency, in 1957, Malaysian independence was achieved. Sambanathan was involved in the negotiations with the British government's [[Reid Commission]] to draw up the new Malayan constitution. In 1963 [[Singapore]], [[Sabah]] and [[Sarawak]] merged with the Federation of Malaya to form the [[Malaysia|Federation of Malaysia]], and the MIC renamed itself the Malaysian Indian Congress.

Sambanathan was forced to retire in favour of [[V. Manickavasagam]] in 1973 after a rebellion by five MIC leaders including [[Samy Vellu]].

=== Manickavasagam and non-political ventures ===
Manickavasagam served as president of MIC from 1973 to 1978. During this period, Malaysia's [[Malaysian New Economic Policy|New Economic Policy]] was being developed, and the MIC convened two economic conferences in an unsuccessful effort to advocate for the interests of Indians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anbalakan |first=K. |date=1 January 2003 |title=The NEP and Further Marginalization of the Indians |url=http://web.usm.my/km/KM%2021,2003/21-16.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804174839/http://web.usm.my/km/KM%2021,2003/21-16.pdf |archive-date=4 August 2016 |url-status=live |journal=Kajian Malaysia |volume=21 |pages=379–398}}</ref>

It was during this period that the MIC, as member of the Alliance, became part of the [[Barisan Nasional]]. The party sponsored the Nesa Multipurpose Cooperative and the MIC Unit Trust as part of its programme for economic ventures. It also set up the MIC Education Fund for members' children and the Malaysian Indian Scholarship Fund for higher education as well as acquiring an Institute for training Indians in technical and trade skills.

Manickavasagam appointed several new representatives to leadership positions, including [[Subramaniam Sathasivam]], Datuk K. Pathmanaban, a Harvard MBA holder, and several others. They were young, well-educated and ambitious but lacked grassroots experience. Subramaniam was hand-picked by Manickavasagam to become deputy president and succeed him, but the party elected [[Samy Vellu]] as Deputy President instead, by a narrow margin of 26 votes.

=== Samy Vellu and emphasis on education ===
Samy Vellu became MIC president in 1979 and served until 2010. Under his leadership, in 1984, the MIC founded the Maju Institute of Education Development (MIED) to offer educational opportunities and financial support to Indian students in Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mied.com.my/?page_id=1069 |title=Corporate Profile – Maju Institute Of Educational Development. |language=en-US |access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref> Since its establishment, more than 10,000 students have obtained loans and scholarships totaling about RM60&nbsp;million MIED fund as of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mied |url=http://www.mied.com.my/index.php |access-date=2 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716224251/http://www.mied.com.my/index.php |archive-date=16 July 2013}}</ref> In 2001, the MIC and MIED launched an [[AIMST University]] with the stated goal of helping Indians acquire professional training. Vellu was the founding chancellor of the university. By 2018, the university had achieved a score of 4 on the Malaysian Higher Education Institution's 5-point rating scale.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2018/11/24/varsity-to-keep-chasing-excellence-aimst-striving-for-score-of-five-to-achieve-excellent-university |title=Varsity to keep chasing excellence |last=SEE |first=BERNARD |date=24 November 2018 |website=The Star Online |language=en |access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref> However, AIMST's commitment to training Indian students has been questioned.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.themalaysiantimes.com.my/mic-turns-70-but-aimst-intake-of-indian-students-shocking/ |title=MIC turns 70, but AIMST intake of Indian students 'shocking' |date=2 August 2016 |website=The Malaysian Times |language=en-US |access-date=14 November 2019}}</ref>

Vellu was succeeded by [[Palanivel Govindasamy]] who served from 2010 to 2014.  Subramaniam was then elected, initially in an acting role, serving from 2014 to 2018. {{As of|2019||df=}}, the party is led by [[Vigneswaran Sanasee]].

{{col-begin}}

== Central Working Committee ==
{{col-2}}
* '''President:''' [[Vigneswaran Sanasee]]
* '''Deputy President:''' [[Saravanan Murugan]]
* '''1st Vice-president:''' [[Asojan Muniyandy]]
* '''2nd Vice-president:''' [[Murugiah Thopasamy]]
* '''3rd Vice-president:''' [[Vell Paari Samy Vellu]]
* '''4th Vice-president:''' [[Nelson Renganathan]]
* '''5th Vice-president:''' [[Ramasamy Muthusamy]]
* '''Secretary-General:''' [[Ananthan Somasundaram]]
* '''Treasurer-General:''' N.Sivakumar
* '''Information Chief:''' K.Ramalingam
{{col-2}}
* '''Executive Secretary:''' T.Kumaressan
* '''Youth Leader:''' Arvind Krishnan 
* '''Deputy Youth Leader:''' Kesavan
* '''Women Leader:''' Saraswathy
* '''Deputy Women Leader:'''  Vickneswary Babuji
* '''Putera Leader:''' Shatesh Kumar Sangar
* '''Deputy Putera Leader:''' Dr. Shatesh Kumar Sangar
* '''Puteri Leader:''' R. Shaliny
* '''Deputy Puteri Leader:''' S. Teeba
{{col-end}}
'''44 Central Working Committee members:'''
{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
# M. Veeran
# K. Subramaniam
# D. Tharma Kumaran
# K. Balasundaram
# P. Kamalanathan
# K. Parthiban
# D. Vincent
# S. Tamilvanan
# S. Suppayah
# M. Mathuraiveran
# S. Marathamuthu
# N. Maneanay
# T. Novalan
# G. Sivah
# M. Karuppanan
# K. Sathasivam
# R. Supramaniam
# R. Rajandran
# G. Raman
# M. Rajandran
# S. Ananthan
# V. Arumugam
# Datuk J. Dhinagaran
# S. Rajah
# V. Elango
# R. Vidyananthan
# L. Manickam
# A. Mangleswaran
# S. Renugopal
# YB V. P. Shanmugam
# Peer Mohamad Bin Kadir
# C. Sivaraajh
# K. Ramalingam
# S. Murugavelu
# A. Sakthivel
# N. Sivakumar
# Siva Subramaniam
# R. Balasubramaniam
# A. Krishnaveny
# R. Inbavally
# K. Arvind
# K. Kesavan
# N. Saraswati
# R. Nelson
}}
<small>Source:<ref name="Central Working Committee">{{cite web |url=https://www.mic.org.my/mic-leadership/central-working-committee/ |title=Central Working Committee |work=Malaysian Indian Congress}}</ref></small>
* '''State chairmen:'''
** Perlis: S. Ilanckoh
** Kedah: S. Ananthan
** Kelantan: S. Renugopal
** Terengganu: V. Mangeleswaran
** Penang: Datuk J. Dhinagaran
** Perak: V. Elango
** Pahang: V. Arumugam
** Selangor: M. B. Rajah
** Federal Territories: S. Rajah
** Negeri Sembilan: V.S. Mogan
** Malacca: YB V.P. Shanmugam
** Johor: R. Vidyananthan
** Sabah: Peer Mohamad Kadir
<small>Source:<ref name="Central Working Committee" /></small>

== List of party leaders ==

=== Presidents of the Malayan Indian Congress (1946–1963) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Order
! Name<ref name="Past Presidents of MIC">{{cite web |url=http://www.mic.org.my/about/past-presidents-of-mic/ |title=Past Presidents of MIC – MIC}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | Term of office
! Notes
|-
! 1
| '''[[John Thivy]]'''
| 4 August 1946
| 1947
|
|-
! 2
| '''[[Baba Budh Singh Ji]]'''
| 1947
| 1950
|
|-
! 3
| '''K. Ramanathan Chettiar'''
| 1950
| 1952
|
|-
! 4
| '''[[Kundan Lal Devaser]]'''
| 1952
| May 1955
|
|-
! 5
| '''[[V. T. Sambanthan]]'''
| May 1955
| 16 September 1963
|
|}

=== Presidents of the Malaysian Indian Congress (1963–present) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Order
! Name<ref name="Past Presidents of MIC" />
! colspan="2" | Term of office
! Time in office
! Notes
|-
! 5
| '''[[V. T. Sambanthan]]'''
| 16 September 1963
| 30 June 1973
| {{age in years and days|1963|9|16|1973|6|30}}
|
|-
! 6
| '''[[V. Manickavasagam]]'''
| 30 June 1973
| 12 October 1978
| {{age in years and days|1973|6|30|1978|10|12}}
|
|-
! 7
| '''[[Samy Vellu]]'''
| 12 October 1979
| 6 December 2010
| {{age in years and days|1979|10|12|2010|12|6}}
|
|-
! 8
| '''[[Palanivel Govindasamy]]'''
| 6 December 2010
| 23 June 2013
| {{age in years and days|2010|12|6|2013|6|23}}
|
|-
! –
| ''[[Subramaniam Sathasivam]]''
| ''23 June 2013''
| ''25 June 2015''
| ''{{age in years and days|2013|6|23|2015|6|25}}''
| ''Acting President''
|-
! 9
| '''[[Subramaniam Sathasivam]]'''
| 25 June 2015
| 15 July 2018
| {{age in years and days|2015|6|25|2018|7|15}}
|
|-
! 10
| '''[[Vigneswaran Sanasee]]'''
| 15 July 2018
| ''Incumbent''
| {{age in years and days|2018|7|15}}
|
|}

== Elected representatives ==

=== Dewan Negara (Senate) ===

==== Senators ====
{{Main|Members of the Dewan Negara, 15th Malaysian Parliament}}
# [[Vell Paari Samy Vellu]] – appointed by the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]
# Tan Sri [[Mohamed Haniffa Abdullah]]	 – appointed by the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]
# [[Sivarraajh Chandran]] – appointed by the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]]

=== Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) ===

==== Members of Parliament of the 15th Malaysian Parliament ====
{{Main|Members of the Dewan Rakyat, 15th Malaysian Parliament}}
{{As of|2019||df=}}, MIC has only 1 MP in the [[Dewan Rakyat|House of Representatives]].
{| class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:100px;" | State
! style="width:30px;" | No.
! style="width:150px;" | Parliament Constituency
! style="width:240px;" | Member
! style="width:80px;" colspan=2 | Party
|-
| {{Flag|Perak}} || P072 || [[Tapah (federal constituency)|Tapah]] || [[Saravanan Murugan]] || bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| ||MIC
|-
| Total || style="width:30px;" colspan=6 | {{small|'''[[Perak]]''' (1)}}
|}

=== Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly) ===

==== Malaysian State Assembly Representatives ====
{{Main|List of Malaysian State Assembly Representatives (2018–)}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-4}}
[[Johor State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|3|56|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Malacca State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|1|28|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|36|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Perlis State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|15|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
{{col-4}}
[[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|36|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Kelantan State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|45|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Terengganu State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|33|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
{{col-4}}
[[Penang State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|40|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Perak State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Pahang State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|1|47|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
{{col-4}}
[[Selangor State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|56|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|73|hex={{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
[[Sarawak State Legislative Assembly]]{{Composition bar|0|82|hex{{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}}
{{col-end}}

{| class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:100px;" | State
! No.
! Federal Constituency
! style="width:30px;" | No.
! style="width:150px;" | State Constituency
! style="width:240px;" | Member
! style="width:80px;" colspan=2 | Party
|-
| {{Flag|Pahang}}
| P089
| Bentong|| N35 || [[Sabai (state constituency)|Sabai]] || [[Arumugam Verappa Pillai]] || bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| ||MIC
|-
| {{Flag|Malacca}}
| P135
| Alor Gajah|| N07 || [[Gadek (state constituency)|Gadek]] || [[Shanmugam Ptcyhay]] || bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| ||MIC
|-
| rowspan=3 | {{Flag|Johor}}
| P141
| Sekijang|| N04 || [[Kemelah (state constituency)|Kemelah]] || [[Saraswati Nallathamby]] || bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| ||MIC
|-
| P153
| Sembrong|| N31 || [[Kahang (state constituency)|Kahang]] || [[Vidyananthan Ramanadhan]] || bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| ||MIC
|-
| P154
| Mersing
| N33 || [[Tenggaroh (state constituency)|Tenggaroh]] || [[Raven Kumar Krishnasamy]] || bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}"| ||MIC
|-
| Total
| colspan="7" | {{small|'''[[Pahang]]''' (1), '''[[Malacca]]''' (1), '''[[Johor]]''' (3)}}
|}

== General election results ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Election
! Total seats won
! Seats contested
! Total votes
! Share of votes
! Outcome of election
! Election leader
|-
! [[1955 Malayan general election|1955]]
| {{Composition bar|2|52|hex=#29AB87}}
| 2
| 26,868
| 2.68%
| {{increase}}2 seats; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance Party]])}}
| [[V. T. Sambanthan]]
|-
! [[1959 Malayan general election|1959]]
| {{Composition bar|3|104|hex=#29AB87}}
| 3
| 15,711
| 1.02%
| {{increase}}1 seat;  '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance Party]])}}
| [[V. T. Sambanthan]]
|-
! [[1964 Malaysian general election|1964]]
| {{Composition bar|3|104|hex=#29AB87}}
| 3
| 19,269
| 1.60%
| {{steady}};  '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance Party]])}}
| [[V. T. Sambanthan]]
|-
! [[1969 Malaysian general election|1969]]
| {{Composition bar|2|144|hex=#29AB87}}
| 3
|
|
| {{decrease}}1 seat;  '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance Party]])}}
| [[V. T. Sambanthan]]
|-
! [[1974 Malaysian general election|1974]]
| {{Composition bar|4|144|hex=#29AB87}}
| 5
|
|
| {{increase}}2 seats;  '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[V. Manickavasagam]]
|-
! [[1978 Malaysian general election|1978]]
| {{Composition bar|3|154|hex=#29AB87}}
| 5
|
|
| {{decrease}}1 seat; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[V. Manickavasagam]]
|-
! [[1982 Malaysian general election|1982]]
| {{Composition bar|4|154|hex=#29AB87}}
| 5
|
|
| {{increase}}1 seat;  '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Samy Vellu]]
|-
! [[1986 Malaysian general election|1986]]
| {{Composition bar|6|177|hex=#29AB87}}
| 7
| 104,701
| 2.21%
| {{increase}}2 seats; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Samy Vellu]]
|-
! [[1990 Malaysian general election|1990]]
| {{Composition bar|6|180|hex=#29AB87}}
| 7
|
|
| {{steady}}; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Samy Vellu]]
|-
! [[1995 Malaysian general election|1995]]
| {{Composition bar|7|192|hex=#29AB87}}
|
|
|
| {{increase}}1 seat; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Samy Vellu]]
|-
! [[1999 Malaysian general election|1999]]
| {{Composition bar|7|193|hex=#29AB87}}
|
|
|
| {{steady}}; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Samy Vellu]]
|-
! [[2004 Malaysian general election|2004]]
| {{Composition bar|9|219|hex=#29AB87}}
|
| 221,546
| 3.2%
| {{increase}}2 seats; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Samy Vellu]]
|-
! [[2008 Malaysian general election|2008]]
| {{Composition bar|3|222|hex=#29AB87}}
| 9
| 179,422
| 2.21%
| {{decrease}}6 seats; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Samy Vellu]]
|-
! [[2013 Malaysian general election|2013]]
| {{Composition bar|4|222|hex=#29AB87}}
| 9
| 286,629
| 2.59%
| {{increase}}1 seat; '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Palanivel Govindasamy]]
|-
! [[2018 Malaysian general election|2018]]
| {{Composition bar|2|222|hex=#29AB87}}
| 9
| 167,061
| 1.39%
| {{decrease}}2 seats; '''Opposition coalition''', <br /> later '''Governing coalition''' <br />{{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Subramaniam Sathasivam|S. Subramaniam]]
|-
! [[2022 Malaysian general election|2022]]
| {{Composition bar|1|222|hex=#29AB87}}
| 10
| 172,176
| 1.11%
| {{decrease}}1 seat; '''Governing coalition''' <br /> {{small|([[Barisan Nasional]])}}
| [[Vigneswaran Sanasee]]
|}

== State election results ==
<div style="width: 100%; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid #088">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
! rowspan=2 | State election !!colspan=14 | State Legislative Assembly
|-
! [[Perlis State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Kelantan State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Terengganu State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Penang State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Perak State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Pahang State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Selangor State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Malacca State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Johor State Legislative Assembly]] !! [[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]] !! Total won / Total contested
|-
! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!
|-
| 2/3 majority||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||{{Composition bar|2|3|hex=#dcdcdc}}||
|-
| 2013|| ||{{Composition bar|0|36|hex=#29AB87}}|| || ||{{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|0|59|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|0|42|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|0|56|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|1|36|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|1|28|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|3|56|hex=#29AB87}}|| ||{{Composition bar|5|18|hex=#29AB87}}
|-
| 2018|| ||{{Composition bar|0|36|hex=#29AB87}}|| || ||{{Composition bar|0|40|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|0|59|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|0|42|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|0|56|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|1|36|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|0|28|hex=#29AB87}}||{{Composition bar|2|56|hex=#29AB87}}|| ||{{Composition bar|3|18|hex=#29AB87}}
|-
| [[2021 Malacca state election|2021]]|| || || || || || || || || || {{Composition bar|1|28|hex=#29AB87}} || || ||{{Composition bar|1|1|hex=#29AB87}}
|-
| [[2022 Johor state election|2022]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| {{Composition bar|3|56|hex=#29AB87}}
|
| {{Composition bar|3|4|hex=#29AB87}}
|-
| 2022
| {{Composition bar|0|15|hex=#29AB87}}
|
|
|
|
| {{Composition bar|0|59|hex=#29AB87}}
| {{Composition bar|1|42|hex=#29AB87}}
|
|
|
|
|
| {{Composition bar|1|4|hex=#29AB87}}
|}
</div>

== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in Malaysia]]
* [[Politics of Malaysia]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* Goh, Cheng Teik (1994). ''Malaysia: Beyond Communal Politics''. Pelanduk Publications. {{ISBN|967-978-475-4}}.
* Pillai, M.G.G. (3 November 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616184702/http://www.malaysia-today.net/columns/pillai/2005/11/national-front-parties-were-not-formed.htm "National Front parties were not formed to fight for Malaysian independence"]. ''Malaysia Today''.
* The Star (2 August 2006): "Education a Key MIC Thrust"; M. Krishnamoorthy

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Malaysian Indian Congress}}
* {{official website|http://www.mic.org.my/}}

{{Barisan Nasional}}
{{Dravidian politics}}
{{Malaysian political parties}}
{{Portal bar|Malaysia|Politics}}

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[[Category:1946 establishments in British Malaya]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Singapore]]
[[Category:Dravidian political parties]]
[[Category:Identity politics]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress breakaway groups]]
[[Category:Indian-Malaysian culture]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1946]]
[[Category:Political parties in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Political parties of minorities in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Political parties of minorities in Singapore]]
[[Category:Political parties of the Indian diaspora]]