Editing Magma (band)

{{Other uses|Magma (disambiguation)}}
{{Short description|French progressive rock band}}
{{Update|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| name              = Magma
| background        = group_or_band
| image             = MAGMA @ Roadburn Festival 2017 06.jpg
| landscape         = yes
| caption           = Magma performing live at [[Roadburn Festival]], 2017
| origin            = Paris, France
| genre             = {{hlist|[[Zeuhl]]|[[progressive rock]]}}
| years_active      = 1969–1984, 1996–present
| label             = {{flatlist|
* [[A&M Records|A&M]]
* [[Musea Records]]
* [[Philips Records|Philips]]
* [[RCA Records|RCA]]
* Seventh
* [[Tomato Records|Tomato]]
* Utopia
* [[Vertigo Records|Vertigo]]
}}
| website           = {{URL|magmamusic.org/en/home}}
| current_members   = [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]]<br/>[[Stella Vander]]<br/>Isabelle Feuillebois<br/>Rudy Blas<br/>Hervé Aknin<br/>Francis Linon<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/zeuhlwortzmekanik/photos/a.853277758016632/2863521960325525/?type=3&theater |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/123777837633298/2863521960325525 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |url-access=limited|title=Magma 2020|website=[[Facebook]] | date=2019-12-20 | access-date=2020-01-20}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br/>Simon Goubert<br/>Thierry Eliez<br/>Jimmy Top<br/>Caroline Indjein<br/>Sylvie Fisichella<br/>Laura Guarrato
| past_members      = [[Francis Moze]]<br/>[[Jannick Top|Jannick "Janik" Top]]<br/>Klaus Blasquiz<br/>[[Didier Lockwood]]<br/>Bernard Paganotti<br/>Benoît Widemann<br/>Teddy Lasry<br/>Himiko Paganotti<br/>Antoine Paganotti<br/>Emmanuel Borghi<br/>Bruno Ruder<br/>Laurent Thibault<br/>Jérémie Ternoy<br/>Jim Grandcamp<br/>James MacGaw<br/>Jérome Martineau-Ricotti<br/>Philippe Bussonnet<br/>Benoît Alziary<br/>Claud Angel<br/>Jean-Pierre Lambelt<br/>Patrick Gauthier<br/>Yochiko Seffer<br/>[[Brian Godding]]
}}

'''Magma''' is a French [[progressive rock]] band founded in Paris in 1969 by self-taught drummer [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]], who claimed as his inspiration a "vision of humanity's spiritual and ecological future" that profoundly disturbed him. The style of progressive rock that Vander developed with Magma is termed "[[Zeuhl]]", and has been applied to other bands in France operating in the same period, and to some recent Japanese bands.<ref name=Zeuhl/>

Vander created a [[fictional language]], [[Kobaïan]], in which most lyrics are sung.<ref name=Wire-p2>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=2 |title=Different Drummer: Magma – interview with Christian Vander, page 2 |magazine=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] |first=Paul |last=Stump |date=July 1995 |access-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604202006/http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=2 |archive-date= 4 June 2011}}</ref> In a 1977 interview with Vander and long-time Magma vocalist Klaus Blasquiz, Blasquiz said that Kobaïan is a "phonetic language made by elements of the Slavonic and Germanic languages to be able to express some things musically. The language has of course a content, but not word by word."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.danbbs.dk/~m-bohn/magma/interview.htm |title=Da Zeuhl Wortz Mekanïk is kobaïan for Magma |publisher=Danbbs.dk |date=1996-08-20 |access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref> Vander himself has said, "When I wrote, the sounds [of Kobaïan] came naturally with it—I didn't intellectualise the process by saying 'Ok, now I'm going to write some words in a particular language', it was really sounds that were coming at the same time as the music."<ref>{{cite web|title=Magma, c'est moi|url=http://rockfort.info/content.aspx?cid=160 |author=Interview by David McKenna and Ludovic Merle, translated by David McKenna |date= 2009-11-12 |publisher=Rockfort.info}}</ref> In the course of their first album, the band tells the story of a group of people fleeing a doomed Earth to settle on the planet Kobaïa. Subsequently, conflict arises when the Kobaïans - descendants of the original colonists - encounter other Earth refugees. Later albums tell different stories set in more ancient times; however, the Kobaïan language remains an integral part of the music.

In 1986, the French label Seventh Records was founded to (re-)publish Magma's and Vander's work. Over the years, Seventh has also released albums by related artists such as [[Stella Vander]], Patrick Gauthier, and Collectif Mu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seventhrecords.com/ORG/bioseventh.html |title=Seventh Records |publisher=Seventh Records |access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref>

== History ==

=== Beginnings (1967–1971) ===
In early 1967, drummer [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] played in the Wurdalaks and Cruciferius Lobonz, two [[rhythm and blues]] bands. With these groups, he wrote his first compositions, "Nogma" and "Atumba". The death of [[John Coltrane]] saddened Vander, who left the groups and traveled to [[Italy]]. He returned to [[France]] in 1969 and met saxophonist René Garber and bassist and conductor Laurent Thibault. Together with singer Lucien Zabuski and organist [[Francis Moze]], they created the group Uniweria Zekt Magma Composedra Arguezdra, shortened to Magma.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bigbangmag.com/dmagma1.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520204906/http://www.bigbangmag.com/dmagma1.php|url-status=usurped|archive-date=May 20, 2007|title=Magma - Rétrospective (1)|website=www.bigbangmag.com|access-date=2019-01-04}}</ref>

After their first tour, Magma experienced significant lineup turnover. Vocalist Lucien Zabuski was replaced with Klaus Blasquiz, and pianist Eddie Rabin, double bassist Jacky Vidal, and guitarist Claude Engel also joined the group. The group worked on material for three months in a house in the [[Vallée de Chevreuse|Chevreuse Valley]]. Eddie Rabin was replaced by François Cahen on keyboards, and Laurent Thibault abandoned bass to devote himself to production. [[Francis Moze]] became the new bassist. The band also expanded with a brass section, consisting of Teddy Lasry on saxophone and clarinet, Richard Raux on saxophone and flute, and Paco Charlery on trumpet. The group's first album, ''[[Magma (Magma album)|Magma]]'', was released in the spring of 1970 by [[Philips Records]]. The group caused a sensation but audience reactions were mixed.<ref name=":0" />

After the album was released, Claude Engel, Richard Raux, and Paco Charlery left the group. Jeff Seffer replaced Raux on saxophone, and Louis Toesca replaced Charlery on trumpet. Their second album, ''[[1001° Centigrades]]'', was released in April 1971. The album won the band more exposure, including a performance at the [[Montreux Jazz Festival]].<ref name=":0" />

=== ''Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh,'' to ''Üdü Wüdü'' (1972–1977) ===
In August 1972, Magma released the album ''[[The Unnamables]]'', under the alias Univeria Zekt. However, the album sold only 1,500 copies. Many musicians left the band that year, including François Cahen, Louis Toesca, Jeff Seffer, [[Francis Moze]], and Teddy Lasry.<ref name=":0" /> That same year, Christian Vander recorded the soundtrack for Yvan Lagrange's film ''[[Tristan et Iseult]].<ref name=":0" />''

In 1973, Vander formed a new lineup of the band, adding [[Stella Vander]] as a second vocalist, Claude Olmos on guitar, [[Jannick Top]] replacing Francis Moze on bass, René Garber on saxophone and clarinet, and Jean-Luc Manderlier on keyboards, among others. This new version of the band would release their most famous work ''[[Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh]],'' which would later become their most acclaimed album, and gave them international fame,<ref name=":0" /> including a spot at the prestigious [[Newport Jazz Festival]], their first American performance. In 1974, under Vander's name, the band released a soundtrack album accompanying Yvan Lagrange's 1972 film ''Tristan et Iseult'', also known as ''[[Ẁurdah Ïtah]]''; under Magma's name, they followed up with ''[[Köhntarkösz]]'', which was successful among fans, but not received as well among the public as ''Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh''.<ref name=":0" /> The band would then go on a long, year-and-a-half long tour of France, and after another member shakeup (Bernard Paganotti replacing Jannick Top on bass, [[Didier Lockwood]] added as a violinist, Jean-Pol Asseline and Benot Widemann replacing Gerard Bikialo on keyboards, and Gabriel Federow replacing Claude Olmos on guitar), released their first live album, [[Live/Hhaï|''Live / Hhaï'']], in December 1975, recorded at the Taverne de l'Olympia in [[Paris]].<ref name="seventhrecords1">{{cite web|url=http://v2.seventhrecords.com/en/magma-19/magma-hhai-64.html|title=MAGMA - HHAI - Solution eCommerce PEEL|publisher=V2.seventhrecords.com|access-date=2012-07-31}}</ref>

In 1976, Top briefly rejoined the band for the recording of the album ''[[Üdü Ẁüdü]]'', but left soon after due to strained relations with frontman Christian Vander. More lineup turnover followed in 1977, with Jean DeAntoni replacing Gabriel Federow on guitar, Guy Delacroix replacing Bernard Paganotti on bass, and Clement Bailly hired as a second drummer.

=== Changing sound and breakup (1978–1984) ===
In 1978, Magma released the album ''[[Attahk]]''. Vying for more commercial success,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.seventhrecords.com/MAGMA/REX13/cdattahk.html|title=CD ATTAHK|website=www.seventhrecords.com|access-date=2019-02-25}}</ref> the album included elements of [[Soul music|soul]], [[Rhythm and blues|rhythm & blues]], and [[funk]] music.

Celebrating 10 years as a band, in 1980, Magma performed three nights at [[Olympia (Paris)|L'Olympia]] in Paris, with guest appearances from many of the group's past musicians. These were recorded and released as ''[[Retrospektïẁ (Parts I+II)]]'' and ''[[Retrospektïẁ (Part III)]]''. The concerts were successful, and allowed Magma to play a number of shows around France, including a three-week residency at Paris's [[Bobino]] in 1981, which was recorded and filmed, and later released as ''Concert Bobino 1981''.

In 1984, the band recorded the album ''[[Merci (Magma album)|Merci]]'', and disbanded shortly afterwards. [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] formed other projects such as Offering, and various jazz projects including the Christian Vander Trio.

=== Reformation (1996–present) ===
While performing as Offering, Vander would occasionally perform Magma songs. In 1989, professional snooker champion [[Steve Davis]] convinced Vander to perform a reunion tour (at least six shows<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.picclickimg.com/d/l400/pict/184299707883_/Magma-Gig-paper-flyers-set-of-5.jpg|title=Magma Flyers 1|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://i.ebayimg.com/images/g/VGcAAOSwm3lb2xbM/s-l400.jpg|title=Magma Flyers 2|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref>) which led Vander to consider reuniting Magma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FORBIDDING PLANET|url=https://recordcollectormag.com/articles/forbidding-planet|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Magma's Retrospektïẁ, Reviewed By Snooker's Steve Davis|date=21 November 2017 |url=https://thequietus.com/articles/23627-magma-retrospectiw-reissue-album-review-steve-davis|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref>

After the dissolution of Offering, this was fully realised in 1996 after friend Bernard Ivan asked Vander if he was considering reviving Magma, as he was confident he could get Vander concert dates. Vander agreed, but confessed that he didn't think there would be any remaining interest in the band. Ivan came back to Vander to tell him he fully booked a number of gigs for Magma and Vander, surprised, quickly cobbled a lineup from Offering and friends in the music scene to create a new 14-piece Magma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/magma2.html|title=Christian Vander interview|date=January 2001|access-date=24 May 2021}}</ref>

Vander decided to revive some sections of tracks he had written back in 1972-1973 while working on ''Köhntarkösz'' on this new tour. Eventually, these merged into one big composition ''[[K.A (Köhntarkösz Anteria)]]'', which released in 2004 to acclaim and surprise at their comeback. ''K.A'' is conceptually the prequel to ''Köhntarkösz'', which was then followed up by a sequel ''[[Ëmëhntëhtt-Ré]]'' in 2009, ending a narrative trilogy between the three albums.

On 30 September 2022 Magma released their fifteenth album ''[[Kartëhl]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bravewords.com/news/magma-to-release-kartehl-album-this-month |title=Magma to Release ''Kartëhl'' Album This Month |work=Brave Words |date=1 September 2022 |access-date=26 September 2022}}</ref> The album is a collective work of the band members. The copyright proceeds of the track ''Dëhndë'' will be donated to a charity for people with [[autism]].<ref name="Kartehl">{{Cite web |url=https://www.seventhrecords.com/en/magma-19/kartehl-1316.html |title=KARTËHL |work=Seventh Records |accessdate=2022-08-15}}</ref>

Magma still tour today.

==Kobaïan==
{{Infobox language
| name             = Kobaïan
| creator          = [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]]
| created          = 1969
| setting          = Lyrics for a musical group
| fam1             = [[constructed language]]s
| fam2             = [[artistic language]]s
| fam3             = [[fictional language]]s
| posteriori       = Based on elements of [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] and [[Germanic languages]] and the [[Scat singing|scat]]-[[yodeling]] vocal style of [[Leon Thomas]]<ref name=Wire-p2/>
| iso3             = none
| glotto           = none
| ietf             = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-kobaian]
}}

'''Kobaïan''' is a [[artistic language|lyrical language]] created by  [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] for Magma.{{sfn|Buckley|2003|p=629}}{{sfn|Macan|1997|p=1976}}<ref name=Telegraph/> It is the language of '''Kobaïa''', a [[Planets in science fiction|fictional planet]] invented by Vander and the setting for a musical "[[space opera]]" sung in Kobaïan by Magma on fifteen [[concept album]]s.<ref name=Wire-p2/><ref name=TinyMixTapes>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tinymixtapes.com/Magma |title=Magma: Mekanik Destruktiw Kommandoh |website=[[Tiny Mix Tapes]] |access-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615144824/http://tinymixtapes.com/Magma |archive-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name=AMG>{{Cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p7020/biography|pure_url=yes}}
 |title=Magma |website=[[AllMusic]] |first=Jason |last=Ankeny |access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref>

===Development===
French drummer and composer [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] formed Magma in late 1969 in an attempt to fill the void left by the death of American jazz musician and composer [[John Coltrane]].<ref name=Wire-p2/> Magma's first album, ''[[Magma (Magma album)|Magma]]'' (later reissued as ''Kobaïa''), told a story of refugees fleeing a future Earth and settling on a [[Planets in science fiction|fictional planet]] called Kobaïa.<ref name=PSF>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/magma.html |title=Magma |magazine=[[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)|Perfect Sound Forever]] |first=Peter |last=Thelen |year=1995|access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> The lyrics were all in Kobaïan (except the title track, sung mostly in English), a language Vander constructed for the album, some sung by soloists and others by "massive quasi-operatic choruses".<ref name=Wire-p2/> Over the next three decades, Magma have made fifteen albums that continues the mythology of Kobaïa, all sung in Kobaïan.<ref name=TinyMixTapes/>

Vander (his Kobaïan name is Zëbëhn Straïn dë Ğeuštaah) said in an interview that he invented Kobaïan for Magma because "French just wasn't expressive enough. Either for the story or for the sound of the music".<ref name=Telegraph/><ref name=Wire-p4>{{Cite magazine|url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=4 |title=Different Drummer: Magma – interview with Christian Vander, page 4 |magazine=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] |first=Paul |last=Stump |date=July 1995 |access-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604202020/http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=4 |archive-date= 4 June 2011}}</ref> He said that the language developed in parallel with the music, that sounds appeared as he was composing on a piano.<ref name=DrummerWorld>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Christian_Vander.html |title=Christian Vander interview |website=[[Drummerworld]] |first=Theresa |last=Stern |access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> Vander based Kobaïan in part on elements of [[Slavic languages|Slavic]] and [[Germanic languages]] and in part on the [[Scat singing|scat]]-[[yodeling]] vocal style of American [[Avant-garde music|avant-garde]] jazz singer [[Leon Thomas]].<ref name=Wire-p2/> The subsequent expansion of the language became a group effort, and as Magma's personnel changed, so new ideas were incorporated into the language (and the music).<ref name=PSF/>

British music critic [[Ian MacDonald]] said that Kobaïan is "[[Phonetics|phonetic]], not [[Semantics|semantic]]", and that it is based on "[[Sonority hierarchy|sonorities]], not on applied meanings".<ref name=MacDonald>{{Cite web|url=http://www.orkalarm.co.uk/orkalarm04/04_an_irresistible_life_force.htm |title=An Irresistible Life Force |website=Ork Alarm! |year=1975 |first=Ian |last=MacDonald |author-link=Ian MacDonald |access-date=16 October 2009 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227200309/http://www.orkalarm.co.uk/orkalarm04/04_an_irresistible_life_force.htm |archive-date=27 February 2012}}</ref> One of Magma's singers, Klaus Blasquiz, described Kobaïan as "a language of the heart" whose words are "inseparable from the music".<ref name=MacDonald/> Magma expert Michael Draine said "the abstraction provided by the Kobaïan verse seems to inspire Magma's singers to heights of emotional abandon rarely permitted by conventional lyrics".<ref name=Wire-p2/>

The Kobaïan lyrics on Magma's albums were generally not translated (though both Kobaïan lyrics and an English translation were provided for the first UK release on A&M of ''[[Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh]]''), but clues to the unfolding story of Kobaïa were given in French in the albums' [[liner notes]]. While the original intent of the language was to avoid over-scrutiny, unofficial Kobaïan online [[lexicon]]s were created by Magma fans, and Vander himself has since translated many of the words.<ref name=TinyMixTapes/>

===Influence===
[[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] called Magma's music "[[Zeuhl]]" (Kobaïan for "celestial"),<ref name=Wire-p3/> and it influenced a number of other (mostly French) bands, including [[Zao (French band)|Zao]] (France), [[Art Zoyd]] (France) and [[Univers Zero]] (Belgium).{{sfn|Buckley|2003|p=630}} Zeuhl later became a [[music genre]] which was used to describe music similar to that of Magma.<ref name=Gibraltar>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gepr.net/genre2.html |title=A Guide to the Progressive Rock Genres |website=The Gibraltar Encyclopedia of Progressive Rock |first=Mike |last=McLatchey |access-date=16 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151207201957/http://www.gepr.net/genre2.html |archive-date=7 December 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=LastFM>{{Cite web|url=http://www.last.fm/music/Christian+Vander|title=Christian Vander |website=[[Last.fm]] |access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> Several Japanese Zeuhl bands also sprang up, including [[Ruins (Japanese band)|Ruins]] and [[Kōenji Hyakkei]], whose lyrics are also sung in a [[constructed language]] similar to Kobaïan.<ref name=TinyMixTapes/>

==Style and influences==
{{anchor|Zeuhl}}
Christian Vander has described the style of [[progressive rock]] that he developed with Magma in France from 1969 onwards as "zeuhl".<ref name="Wagner2010">{{cite book|author=Jeff Wagner|title=Mean Deviation: Four Decades of Progressive Heavy Metal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZwZcZ2X5ToC&pg=PA242|year=2010|publisher=Bazillion Points Books|isbn=978-0-9796163-3-4|page=242}}</ref> [[Dominique Leone]], writing for ''[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]'', says the style is "about what you'd expect an alien rock opera to sound like: massed, chanted choral motifs, martial, repetitive percussion, sudden bursts of explosive improv and just as unexpected lapses into eerie, minimalist trance-rock."<ref name="pitchfork-ka">{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/5623-ka/|title= Pitchfork: Album Reviews: Magma: K.A|author=Dominique Leone|website= [[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|author-link=Dominique Leone|date=9 Dec 2004}}</ref> The term comes from [[Kobaïan]],<ref name=Wire-p3>{{cite web |url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=3 |title=Different Drummer: Magma – interview with Christian Vander, page 3 |work=[[The Wire (magazine)|The Wire]] |author=Paul Stump |date=July 1995 |access-date=2009-10-16 |archive-date=2011-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604202033/http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[fictional language]] created by Vander for Magma.<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/6250004/Magma-interview-for-Celestial-Mass.html
 |title=Magma interview for Celestial Mass |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |location=London |first=Peter |last=Culshaw |date=1 October 2009 |access-date=2009-10-16}}</ref> He has said that it means ''celestial'';<ref name=Wire-p3/> that "Zeuhl music means 'vibratory music'"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bigtakeover.com/interviews/immersing-oneself-in-magma-a-christian-vander-interview|title=Immersing oneself in Magma: a Christian Vander interview|author=Allan MacInnis|date=30 March 2015|publisher=Big Takeover|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref> and that zeuhl is "''L'esprit au travers de la matière''. That is Zeuhl. Zeuhl is also the sound which you can feel vibrating in your belly. Pronounce the word Zeuhl very slowly, and stress the letter 'z' at the beginning, and you will feel your body vibrating."<ref name=marching>{{cite web|url=http://robert.guillerault.free.fr/magma/textes/2000/progress.htm|title=Marching to the beat of a very different drummer|author=John "Bo Bo" Bollenberg |date=Winter–Spring 2000|publisher=Progression, issue 34|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref>

Originally applied solely to the music of Magma, the term "zeuhl" was eventually used to describe the similar music produced by French bands beginning in the 1970s.<ref name=Anderton-p417>{{cite journal |last=Anderston |first=Chris|title=A many-headed beast: progressive rock as European meta-genre |publisher=Cambridge University Press |pages=417–435 |jstor=40926943|doi=10.1017/S0261143010000450|journal=Popular Music|volume=29|issue=10|date=2010|s2cid=145065519 }}</ref> In addition to Magma, bands who are associated with the term include: [[Happy Family (Japanese band)|Happy Family]],<ref name=quietus>{{cite web|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/24011-wonderous-stories-prog-book-jerry-ewing-extract-interview|title=Ye Gods: The Twenty Greatest Prog Rock Record Sleeves|publisher=The Quietus|date=11 February 2018 |access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref> [[Kōenji Hyakkei]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Koenji-Hyakkei: NIVRAYM Album Review|publisher=Pitchfork|author=Dominique Leone|date=11 March 2002|access-date=2018-05-17|url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/4504-nivraym/}}</ref> and [[Ruins (Japanese band)|Ruins]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Japanese noise-rock|author=Leonard Pirce|date=14 January 2010|url=https://www.avclub.com/japanese-noise-rock-1798218808|website=[[The A.V. Club]]|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref> from Japan, and French band [[Zao (French band)|Zao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rockthebestmusic.com/2015/04/imprescindibles-prog-cos.html|title=Los Imprescindibles del Progresivo, Parte III: Cos - Viva Boma|date=14 April 2015|author=Laurent Berger|publisher=Rock the Best Music|language=es|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref>

The ''[[Chicago Reader]]'' wrote that Magma's music "could arguably be labeled [[contemporary classical music|modern classical]], [[progressive rock]], [[free jazz]], or even [[psychedelic music|psychedelia]], but it's too big for any of those boxes".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chicagoreader.com/music/magma-kartehl/ |title=Magma turn up the positivity on their new album, Kãrtëhl |last=Krakow |first=Steve |date=September 29, 2022 |work=Chicago Reader |access-date=2023-06-16}}</ref>

Vander was musically influenced by [[John Coltrane]] and [[Carl Orff]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Quietus {{!}} Features {{!}} Speaking In Tongues: Magma Interviewed By Musicians |url=https://thequietus.com/articles/27223-magma-interview-christian-stella-vander |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=The Quietus |date=9 October 2019 |language=en-us}}</ref>

The mythology of Kobaïa seems to be strongly influenced by the esoteric ''[[The Urantia Book]]'', a kind of pseudo-[[bible]] that combines religious elements of various origins with scientific findings and science fiction. Furthermore, the motifs surrounding the myth of Kobaïa, particularly in the first three albums, have similarities with [[Johannes Kepler]]'s novel ''[[Somnium (novel)|Somnium]]'' from 1634, [[Francis Godwin]]'s novel ''[[The Man in the Moone]]'' from 1638 and [[Cyrano de Bergerac]]'s ''The Other World'' (Orig. ''L'autre monde''), whose works gained new popularity in France in the 1970s. With the album ''Theusz Hamthaak'', the motifs increasingly approach modern science fiction literature of the 20th century such as [[H. G. Wells]]' ''[[The Time Machine]]'', [[Olaf Stapledon]]'s ''The Last and the First Men'' and ''The Star Maker'' of 1930 or [[Arthur C. Clark]]'s ''[[The Lost Generation (book)|The Last Generation]]'' from 1953. However, Vander has not yet commented directly on the sources of his inspirations.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Łukasz |last=Stec |title=Space Utopia in the 1970s of the Twentieth Century on the Basis of the Kobaïan World |editor=Ksenia Olkusz |editor2=Michał Kłosiński |editor3=Krzysztof M. Maj |journal=More After More. Essays Commemorating the Five Hundredth Anniversary of Thomas More's Utopia |series=Forntiers of Nowhere |volume=1 |publisher=Ośrodek Badawczy Facta Ficta |location= |date=2016 |pages=406–419 |isbn=978-83-942923-4-8 |url=https://depot.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/123456789/11298/More%20After%20More.%20Essays%20Commemorating%20the%20Five-Hundredth%20Anniversary%20of%20Thomas%20More%27s%20Utopia.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=2024-01-07}}</ref>

=== Legacy ===
The band is widely considered to be musically adventurous and imaginative<ref>{{cite web |last=Ankeny |first=Jason |title=Magma – Music Biography, Credits and Discography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/magma-mn0000191376 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101175708/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/magma-mn0000191376 |archive-date=2012-11-01 |access-date=2012-11-14 |publisher=AllMusic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-ka |title=Ground and Sky review - Magma - K.A |publisher=Progreviews.com |access-date=2012-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110072620/http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-ka |archive-date=2012-11-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-mdk |title=Ground and Sky review - Magma - Mekanik Destruktiw Kommandoh |publisher=Progreviews.com |access-date=2012-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110072625/http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-mdk |archive-date=2012-11-10 }}</ref> among music critics. Magma uses choirs extensively in a way reminiscent of the composer [[Carl Orff]].<ref>{{cite web|author=François Couture |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/wurdah-%C3tah-tristan-et-iseult-mw0001189854 |title=Wurdah Ïtah/Tristan et Iseult - Christian Vander, Magma : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> Magma's music is also highly influenced by [[jazz]] [[saxophone]] player [[John Coltrane]], and Vander has said that "it is still Coltrane who actually gives me the real material to work on, to be able to move on".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/magma.html#interview |title=Christian Vander Interview by George Allen and Robert Pearson, April 22, 1995 |publisher=Furious.com |date=1995-04-22 |access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref>

Many of the musicians who have played with Magma have also formed solo projects or spinoff acts. The Kobaïan term [[#Zeuhl|Zeuhl]] has come to refer to the musical style of these bands and the French [[jazz fusion]]/[[symphonic rock]] scene that grew around them.<ref name=Zeuhl>{{cite web|url=http://www.progarchives.com/subgenre.asp?style=11 |title=Zeuhl, a progressive rock music sub-genre [sic] |publisher=Progarchives.com |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> Besides [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]], other well-known Magma alumni include the violinist [[Didier Lockwood]], bassist-composer [[Jannick Top|Jannick "Janik" Top]],<ref>{{cite web|author=Jannick Top |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jannick-top-mn0001623378 |title=Jannick Top - Music Biography, Credits and Discography |publisher=AllMusic |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> and spinoff act [[Weidorje]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=1075 |title=WEIDORJE music, discography, MP3, videos and reviews |publisher=Progarchives.com |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref>

====Fandom====
The band has a number of high-profile fans. Punk rock singer [[John Lydon|Johnny Rotten]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.johnlydon.com/interviews/pil04.html |title=Interviews &#124; 'The Public Image', January 2004 |publisher=John Lydon.Com |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> metal musician [[Kristoffer Rygg]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avantgarde-metal.com/content/stories2.php?id=127 |title=Stories: Ulver – Born Again From The Merciless Mother |publisher=Avant-garde Metal |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> [[Steven Wilson]] of [[Porcupine Tree]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cartiledgeworld.co.uk/wilson.html |title=Perfect 10: Steven Wilson interview and photograph |publisher=Cartiledgeworld.co.uk |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> [[Mikael Åkerfeldt]] of [[Opeth]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roadburn.com/2013/10/seminal-progressive-rock-pioneers-magma-confirmed-mikael-akerfeldts-curated-2014-roadburn-event/ |title=Seminal Progressive Rock Pioneers Magma Confirmed For Mikael Åkerfeldt's Curated 2014 Roadburn Event |publisher=Roadburn |access-date=2013-12-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217223942/http://www.roadburn.com/2013/10/seminal-progressive-rock-pioneers-magma-confirmed-mikael-akerfeldts-curated-2014-roadburn-event/ |archive-date=2013-12-17 }}</ref> [[Bruce Dickinson]] of [[Iron Maiden]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=La radio de Bruce Dickinson, chanteur de Iron Maiden |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/la-radio-de/la-radio-de-du-samedi-02-mars-2024-8426898 |publisher=Radiofrance |date=2024-03-02 |language=fr |access-date=2024-04-22}}</ref> [[Cattle Decapitation]] vocalist Travis Ryan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sonicbandwagon.com/interviews/cattle-decapitation-interview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302002441/http://www.sonicbandwagon.com/interviews/cattle-decapitation-interview/ |archive-date=2020-03-02 |url-status=dead |title=Cattle Decapitation Interview|publisher=sonicbandwagon.com|access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> magician [[Penn Jillette]], and Chilean filmmaker [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] have all stated their admiration of the band.

In the 1980s, British World champion snooker player [[Steve Davis]] declared himself a passionate follower of the band since his youth and used some of his winnings to promote a series of concerts by Magma in London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/mar/07/snooker.features |title=My obsession |author=Lee Honeyball |work=[[The Observer]] |publisher=Guardian.co.uk |access-date=2012-11-14 |location=London |date=2004-03-07}}</ref>

Television journalist [[Antoine de Caunes]] wrote a biography of the band entitled ''Magma''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Magma (Rock et folk) (French Edition) |title=Magma (Rock et folk) (French Edition): Antoine de Caunes: 9782226005632: Amazon.com: Books |isbn=2226005633 |year=1978 |publisher=A. Michel }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/loisirs-et-spectacles/antoine-de-caunes-fan-de-magma-13-02-2009-409290.php |title=Antoine de Caunes, fan de Magma |publisher=Leparisien.fr |date=2009-02-13 |access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref>

In 2017, documentary filmmaker Laurent Goldstein directed ''To Life, Death and Beyond – The Music of Magma''. Interviewees include Christian Vander, Stella Vander, James MacGaw, [[Trey Gunn]], [[Robert Trujillo]], and [[Jello Biafra]].<ref>{{cite AV media | people = Goldstein, Laurent (Director) | date = 2017 | title = To Life, Death And Beyond – The Music Of Magma | medium = DVD | language = en, fr
}}</ref>

== Personnel ==
[[File:MAGMA @ Roadburn Festival 2017 03.jpg|thumb| [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] at [[Roadburn Festival]] 2017]]

=== Members ===
* Violinist: [[Didier Lockwood]]
* Guitarists: Claude Engel, Claude Olmos, Gabriel Federow, [[Marc Fosset]], James Mac Gaw, Jean-Luc Chevalier (currently guitarist with [[Tri Yann]] ), Jim Grandcamp, Rudy Blas, Brian Godding.
* Bassists: [[Jannick Top]], Bernard Paganotti, Guy Delacroix, [[Francis Moze]], Laurent Thibault, Michel Hervé, Dominique Bertram, Marc Éliard (currently bassist with Indochine), Philippe Bussonnet, Jimmy Top
* Keyboardists: Benoît Widemann, [[Michel Graillier]], Gérard Bikialo, Jean Luc Manderlier, François "Faton" Cahen (former leader of the group [[Zao (French band)|Zao]]), Guy Khalifa, Sofia Domancich, [[Patrick Gauthier]], Simon Goubert, [[:fr:Pierre-Michel Sivadier|Pierre-Michel Sivadier]], Jean Pol Asseline, Jean Pierre Fouquey, Frédéric D'Oelsnitz, Benoît Alziari (plus vibraphone and [[theremin]]), [[Emmanuel Borghi]], Bruno Ruder, Thierry Eliez
* Saxophonists: Teddy Lasry, Richard Raux, Alain Guillard, René Garber and Jeff "Yochk’o" Seffer
* Trumpeters: Louis Toesca and Yvon Guillard
* Male vocalists: Klaus Blasquiz, [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]], Guy Khalifa, Antoine Paganotti and Hervé Aknin
* Female vocalists: [[Stella Vander]], Isabelle Feuillebois, Maria Popkiewicz, Liza de Luxe, Himiko Paganotti, Sandrine Fougère, Sandrine Destefanis, Sylvie Fisichella, Laura Guarrato
* Drummers and percussionists: [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]], Michel Garrec, Doudou Weiss, Simon Goubert, Clément Bailly, Claude Salmiéri, François Laizeau.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://robert.guillerault.free.fr/magma/index2.htm|title=Magma Web Press Book|website=Robert.guillerault.free.fr|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>

{{Hidden begin|style = border: 1px solid grey;|titlestyle = background-color: palegrey; text-align: right; font-style:; text-align:center; 
|title=<big>History of the members</big> <small>(a hidden table)</small>
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Period
!Formation
!Recording 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| Early 1969
| 
* '''Lucien Zabuski''' – vocals
* '''Jean-Jacques Ferry''' – guitar
* '''Eric Grimbert''' – guitar
* '''[[Francis Moze]]''' – keyboards
* '''Laurent Thibault''' – bass
* '''[[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]]''' – drums, percussion, vocals
| 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| April 1969 – August 1969
| 
* Lucien Zabuski – vocals
* '''Claude Engel''' – guitar
* '''René Garber''' – saxophone, clarinet
* '''Guy Marco''' – trumpet
* '''René Morizur''' – saxophone
* '''Eddy Rabbin''' – keyboards
* Laurent Thibault – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| August 1969 – October 1969
|
* '''Klaus Blasquiz''' – vocals
* Claude Engel – guitar
* René Garber – saxophone, clarinet
* Guy Marco – trumpet
* René Morizur – saxophone
* Eddy Rabbin – keyboards
* Laurent Thibault – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| October 1969 – January 1970
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Claude Engel – guitar
* René Garber – saxophone, clarinet
* '''Alain "Paco" Charlery''' – trumpet
* '''Richard Raux''' – saxophone, flute
* '''François Cahen''' – keyboards
* Laurent Thibault – bass
* Jacky Vidal – double bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| January 1970 – August 1970 
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Claude Engel – guitar, flute, vocals
* Alain "Paco" Charlery – trumpet, percussion
* '''Teddy Lasry''' – saxophone, flute, woodwinds
* '''Richard Raux''' – saxophones, flute
* François Cahen – keyboards
* '''Francis Moze''' – bass, double bass
* Christian Vander – drums, vocals
| ''[[Magma (Magma album)|Magma]]'' (1970)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| October 1970 – December 1970
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Claude Engel – guitar
* Teddy Lasry – clarinet, saxophone, flute
* '''Jeff Seffer''' – saxophone, bass clarinet
* François Cahen – keyboards
* Francis Moze – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| mid January 1971 – end December 1971
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Claude Engel – guitar (not on ''1001° Centigrades'')
* Teddy Lasry – clarinet, saxophone, flute
* Jeff Seffer – saxophone, bass clarinet
* '''Louis Toesca''' – trumpet (not on ''The Unnamables'')
* François Cahen – keyboards
* Francis Moze – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* '''Lucien Zabuski''' – vocals (studio only on ''The Unnamables'')
* '''Lionel Ledissez''' – vocals (studio only on ''The Unnamables'')
* '''Tito Puentes''' – trumpet (studio only on ''The Unnamables'')
| ''[[1001° Centigrades]]'' (1971) <br>''[[The Unnamables|Univeria Zekt - The Unnamables]]'' (1972)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| end December 1971 – beginning January 1972
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals
* Teddy Lasry – clarinet, saxophone, flute
* Jeff Seffer – saxophone, bass clarinet
* Louis Toesca – trumpet
* François Cahen – keyboards
* '''Jean-Luc Manderlier''' – keyboards
* Francis Moze – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* '''Daniel Denis''' – percussion, drums (guest)
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| beginning January 1972 – end December 1972
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Teddy Lasry – clarinet, saxophone, flute
* Jeff Seffer – saxophone, bass clarinet
* Louis Toesca – trumpet
* François Cahen – keyboards
* Jean-Luc Manderlier – keyboards
* Francis Moze – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| end December 1972 – mid January 1973
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussions
* '''[[Stella Vander]]''' – vocals
* '''René Garber''' – saxophone, clarinet
* Jean-Luc Manderlier – keyboards
* '''[[Michel Graillier]]''' – keyboards (not on ''Mëkanïk Kömmandöh'')
* '''Jean-Pierre Lambert''' – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals

| ''Akt X: Mëkanïk Kömmandöh'' (1989)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| mid January 1973 – March 1973
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals
* '''[[Marc Fosset]]''' – guitar
* '''Claude Olmos''' – guitar
* René Garber – saxophone, clarinet
* Jean-Luc Manderlier – keyboards
* '''Gérard Bikialo''' – keyboards
* Jean-Pierre Lembert – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| March 1973 – May 1973
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Claude Olmos – guitar
* René Garber – saxophone, bass clarinet
* '''Teddy Lasry''' – clarinet, saxophone, flute
* Jean-Luc Manderlier – keyboards
* '''[[Jannick Top]]''' – bass, cello, piano, vocals
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, piano, vocals
| ''[[Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh]]'' (1973)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| June 1973 – July 1973
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Claude Olmos – guitar
* René Garber – saxophone, clarinet
* Teddy Lasry – saxophone, flute
* '''Michel Graillier''' – keyboards
* Jannick Top – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* '''[[Randy Brecker]]''' – trumpet (guest July 1973 US tour)
* '''[[Michael Brecker]]''' – saxophone (guest July 1973 US tour)
* '''[[Bill Watrous]]''' – trombone (guest July 1973 US tour)
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| August 1973 – end December 1973
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Claude Olmos – guitar
* René Garber – saxophone, clarinet
* Michel Graillier – keyboards
* Jannick Top – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| January 1974 – March 1974
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Claude Olmos – guitar
* Michel Graillier – keyboards
* '''Gérard Bikialo''' – keyboards
* Jannick Top – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| ''Akt XIII: BBC 1974 Londres'' (1999) <br>''Zühn Ẁöhl Ünsai - Live 1974'' (2014)<br>''Akt XVIII: Marquee Londres 17 Mars 1974'' (2018)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| March 1974 – August 1974
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* Claude Olmos – guitar (not on ''Köhntarkösz'')
* Teddy Lasry – saxophone, flute
* Gérard Bikialo – keyboards
* Jannick Top – bass, piano, cello, vocals
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, piano, vocals
* '''[[Brian Godding]]''' – guitar (studio only on ''Köhntarkösz'')
* Michel Graillier – keyboards (studio only on ''Köhntarkösz'')
| ''[[Köhntarkösz]]'' (1974)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| September 1974 – November 1974
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* '''Gabriel Federow''' – guitar
* '''[[Didier Lockwood]]''' – violin 
* '''Francis Lockwood''' – keyboards (briefly, replaced by Jean-Pol Asseline)
* '''Jean-Pol Asseline''' – keyboards
* '''Benoît Widemann''' – keyboards
* Jannick Top – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| January 1975 – August 1975
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* Gabriel Federow – guitar
* Didier Lockwood – violin 
* Jean-Pol Asseline – keyboards
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* '''Bernard Paganotti''' – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| ''[[Live/Hhaï]]'' (1975)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| September 1975 – February 1976
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* Gabriel Federow – guitar
* Didier Lockwood – violin 
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* '''[[Patrick Gauthier]]''' – keyboards
* Bernard Paganotti – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| ''[[Theatre Du Taur Concert, 1975|Akt IV: Théâtre du Taur Concert 1975 Toulouse]]'' (1994)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| March 1976 – September 1976 (first split)
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals
* '''Liza Deluxe''' – vocals (not on ''Concert 1976 Opéra de Reims'')
* Gabriel Federow – guitar
* Didier Lockwood – violin 
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* Patrick Gauthier – keyboards
* Bernard Paganotti – bass, percussion, vocals
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, keyboards, vocals
* '''Lucille Cullaz''' – vocals (studio only on ''Üdü Ẁüdü'')
* '''Catherine Szpira''' – vocals (studio only on ''Üdü Ẁüdü'')
* '''Pierre Dutour''' – trumpets (studio only on ''Üdü Ẁüdü'')
* '''Alain Hatot''' – saxophones (studio only on ''Üdü Ẁüdü'')
* '''Michel Graillier''' – keyboards (studio only on ''Üdü Ẁüdü'')
* '''Jannick Top''' – bass, fret-cello, synthesizer, percussion, horn arrangement, vocals (studio only on ''Üdü Ẁüdü'')
| ''[[Üdü Ẁüdü]]'' (1976)<br>''Akt IX: Concert 1976 Opéra de Reims'' (1996)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| November 1976 – January 1977 (first reformation)
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussions
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussions
* Gabriel Federow – guitar
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* '''Jean-Pol Asseline''' – keyboards
* Bernard Paganotti – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| January 1977 – mid 1977
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* '''Florence Bertaux''' – vocals
* '''Jean De Antoni''' – guitar
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* '''Guy Delacroix''' – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* '''Clément Bailly''' – drums (guest)
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| mid 1977 – end 1977
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* '''Liza Deluxe''' – vocals
* Jean De Antoni – guitar
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* Guy Delacroix – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* Clément Bailly – second drums (guest) (not on ''Attahk'')
* '''Jacques Bolognesi''' – trombone (studio only on ''Attahk'')
* '''Tony Russo''' – trumpet (studio only on ''Attahk'')
| ''[[Attahk]]'' (1977)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| January 1978 – mid 1978
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* '''René Garber''' – clarinet
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* Guy Delacroix – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| mid 1978 – November 1978 (second split)
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals, percussion
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* '''Maria Popkiewicz''' – vocals
* '''Jean-Luc Chevalier''' – guitar, bass
* René Garber – clarinet
* '''André Hervé''' – keyboards
* Guy Delacroix – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| 
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| spring 1979 – mid 1979 (second reformation)
|
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar, bass
* André Hervé – keyboards
* '''Michel Hervé''' – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
| ''Akt XV: Bourges 1979'' (2020)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| mid 1979 – end 1979
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar, bass
* '''Jean De Antoni''' – guitar
* André Hervé – keyboards
* '''Benoît Widemann''' – keyboards
* Michel Hervé – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| end 1979 – January 1980 
|
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* '''Jean-Michel Kajdan''' – guitar
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* '''Francis Lockwood''' – keyboards
* Michel Hervé – bass
* '''Dominique Bertram''' – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| January 1980 – June 1980 
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* '''Klaus Blasquiz''' – vocals, percussion
* '''Jean-Luc Chevalier''' – guitar
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* Francis Lockwood – keyboards
* Michel Hervé – bass
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| June 1980 – end 1980 (reunion of old members for 3 shows) 
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals
* '''Guy Khalifa''' – vocals (not on ''Retrospektïẁ I+II'')
* '''Claire Laborde''' – vocals (not on ''Retrospektïẁ III'')
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar, bass
* '''Claude Engel''' – guitar (not on ''Retrospektïẁ'')
* '''Gabriel Federow''' – guitar
* '''Didier Lockwood''' – violin
* '''Teddy Lasry''' – flute, saxophone (not on ''Retrospektïẁ'')
* '''René Garber''' – saxophone, clarinet (not on ''Retrospektïẁ I+II'')
* '''Jeff Seffer''' – saxophone (not on ''Retrospektïẁ'')
* '''Louis Toesca''' – trumpet (not on ''Retrospektïẁ'')
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* '''Patrick Gauthier''' – keyboards
* '''François Cahen''' – keyboards (not on ''Retrospektïẁ'')
* '''Jean-Pierre Fouquey''' – keyboards (not on ''Retrospektïẁ I+II'')
* Dominique Bertram – bass (not on ''Retrospektïẁ I+II'')
* '''Bernard Paganotti''' – bass, guitar
* '''Francis Moze''' – bass, keyboards (not on ''Retrospektïẁ'')
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* '''François Laizeau''' – drums, percussion (not on ''Retrospektïẁ I+II'')
| ''[[Retrospektïẁ (Parts I+II)]]'' (1981) <br> ''[[Retrospektïẁ (Part III)]]'' (1981)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| end 1980 – mid 1981
|
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* Guy Khalifa – vocals, keyboards
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar, bass
* Jean-Michel Kajdan – guitar (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* René Garber – clarinet (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* '''Alain Guillard''' – wind instruments & trumpet
* '''Yvon Guillard''' – wind instruments & saxophone
* '''Arrigo Lorenzi''' – saxophone (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* '''Richard Raux''' – saxophone & flute (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* '''Francis Lockwood''' – keyboards (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* Jean-Pierre Fouquey – piano (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* '''Marc Éliard''' – bass (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* '''Jannick Top''' – bass (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* Francois Laizeau – drums and percussion (not on ''Concert Bobino 1981'')
* '''Doudou Weiss''' – drums
| ''Akt V-VI: Concert Bobino 1981'' (1995)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| mid 1981 – beginning 1982
|
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussion
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* Guy Khalifa – vocals
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar
* Jean-Michel Kajdan – guitar
* René Garber – saxophone & clarinet
* Alain Guillard – wind instruments & trumpet
* Yvon Guillard – wind instruments & saxophone
* Arrigo Lorenzi – saxophone
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* Jean-Pierre Fouquey – piano
* '''Patrick Gauthier''' – keyboards
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* Marc Éliard – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* Doudou Weiss – drums
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| beginning 1982 – mid 1982
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar
* René Garber – clarinet
* Alain Guillard – trumpet
* Yvon Guillard – saxophone
* Arrigo Lorenzi – saxophone
* Benoît Widemann – keyboards
* Jean-Pierre Fouquey – piano
* Patrick Gauthier – keyboards
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* Marc Éliard – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* '''Francois Kokelaere''' – percussion
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| mid 1982 – beginning 1983
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Maria Popkiewicz – vocals
* Guy Khalifa – vocals
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar
* René Garber – clarinet & saxophone
* Alain Guillard – trumpet
* Yvon Guillard – saxophone
* Arrigo Lorenzi – saxophone
* '''Michel Gaucher''' – saxophone
* '''Denis Leloup''' – trombone
* '''Christian Martinez''' – trumpet
* '''Freddy Opsepian''' – trumpet
* Jean-Pierre Fouquey – piano
* '''Simon Goubert''' – keyboards
* '''Michel Graillier''' – keyboards
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* Marc Éliard – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* Francois Kokelaere – percussion
* '''François Laizeau''' – percussion
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| beginning 1983 – end 1983
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Guy Khalifa – vocals
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar
* Christian Martinez – trumpet
* Jean-Pierre Fouquey – piano
* Simon Goubert – keyboards
* Michel Graillier – keyboards
* '''Patrick Gauthier''' – keyboards
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* Marc Éliard – bass
* '''Sylvin Marc''' – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* '''[[Pierre Moerlen]]''' – drums (guest)
|
|- 
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| end 1983 – end 1984
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Liza Deluxe – vocals
* Guy Khalifa – vocals
* '''Alex Ferrand''' – vocals
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar
* Christian Martinez – trumpet
* '''Michel Gaucher''' – saxophone
* '''René Garber''' – clarinet & saxophone
* '''Denis Leloup''' – trombone
* '''Freddy Opsepian''' – trumpet
* Jean-Pierre Fouquey – piano
* Simon Goubert – keyboards
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* François Laizeau – percussion
* '''[[Steve Shehan]]''' – percussion
| ''[[Merci (Magma album)|Merci]]'' (1985)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| end 1984 – beginning 1985
|
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Lisa Deluxe – vocals
* Guy Khalifa – vocals
* Jean-Pierre Fouquey – piano
* Jean-Luc Chevalier – guitar
* Simon Goubert – keyboards
* Dominique Bertram – bass
* '''Guy Delacroix''' – bass
* '''Jean-Marc Jafet''' – bass
* '''Francis Moze''' – bass
* '''Rémy Sarrazin''' – bass
* '''Frédéric Briet''' – double bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* Pierre Marcault – percussion
* Claude Salmieri – drums (guest)
* Michel Le Bars – drums (guest)
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| 1986 – 1990 solo projects of Christian Vander, Magma on stand by
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| February 1990 with OFFERING
| 
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals
* [[Addie Déat]] – vocals
* [[Jean-Francois Déat]] – vocals, keyboards
* [[Isabelle Feuillebois]] – vocals
* [[Julie Vander]] – vocals
* Franck Vedel – guitar
* Emmanuel Borghi – keyboards
* [[Pierre-Michel Sivadier]] – keyboards
* [[Marc Éliard]] – bass
* [[Jean-Marc Duroure]] – bass
* [[Philippe Dardelle]] – double bass
* Christian Vander – drums, percussion, vocals
* [[Marc Delouya]] – drums
* [[Jean-Claude Buire]] – percussion
|
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| 1991
| 
* Julie Vander – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* Addie Déat – vocals, keyboards
* Jean-François Déat – vocals, keyboards
* Emmanuel Borghi – keyboards
* [[Pierre-Michel Sivadier]] – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| 1992
| 
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Klaus Blasquiz – vocals
* [[Didier Lockwood]] – violin 
* [[Antoine Paganotti]] – vocals, drums
* Patrick Gauthier – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
 ! bgcolor="#E7EBEE" | 1992 – 1996
|
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums, vocals & composer
* Stella Vander – vocals
* [[Julie Vander]] – vocals, piano
* [[Bénédicte Ragu]] – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* [[Jean-Christophe Gamet]] – vocals
* Alex Ferrand – vocals
* [[Emmanuel Borghi]] – keyboards
* [[Pierre-Michel Sivadier]] – keyboards
* [[Philippe Dardelle]] – double bass
* Simon Goubert – drums, keyboards & piano
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| 1996
| 
* Bertrand Cardiet – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* Jean-François Déat – vocals, keyboards
* Franck Vedel – guitar
* [[Philippe Bussonnet]] – bass
* [[Pierre-Michel Sivadier]] – keyboards
* [[Simon Goubert]] – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| 1997
| 
* Bertrand Cardiet – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* Jean-François Déat – vocals, keyboards
* Franck Vedel – guitar
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
* [[Pierre-Michel Sivadier]] – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| October 1997 – 1998
| 
* Bertrand Cardiet – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* [[James McGaw]] – guitar
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
* Emmanuel Borghi – keyboards
* [[Pierre-Michel Sivadier]] – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| 1999 – 2001
| 
* [[Antoine Paganotti]] – vocals
* [[Jean-Christophe Gamet]] – vocals, keyboards
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* [[James McGaw]] – guitar
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
* Emmanuel Borghi – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
* [[Claude Lamamy]] – vocals (Trianon concert 2000)
* Fred Burgazzi – trombone (Trianon concert 2000)
* Ronan Simon – trombone (Trianon concert 2000)
* [[Benoît Gaudiche]] – trumpet (Trianon concert 2000)
* [[Yannick Neveu]] – trumpet (Trianon concert 2000)
* Julie Vander – vocals (Trianon concert 2000)
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| 2002
|
* Antoine Paganotti – vocals
* [[Himiko Paganotti]] – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* James Mac Gaw – guitar
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
* Emmanuel Borghi – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| March 2003 – 2005
| 
* Antoine Paganotti – vocals
* Himiko Paganotti – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* James Mac Gaw – guitar
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
* Fred d'Oelsnitz – piano
* Emmanuel Borghi – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| beginning February 2006 – 2008
|
* Antoine Paganotti – vocals
* Himiko Paganotti – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* James Mac Gaw – guitar
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
* [[Benoît Alziary]] – vibraphone
* Emmanuel Borghi – keyboards
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – drums
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| beginning February 2008 – 2012
|
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – vocals, drums & composer
* [[Hervé Aknin]] – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussions
* James Mac Gaw – guitar
* [[Bruno Ruder]] – piano
* Benoît Alziary – [[Rhodes piano|Fender Rhodes]] electric piano & vibraphone and [[thérémine]]
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| beginning 2012 – December 2019
|
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – vocals, drums & composer
* [[Hervé Aknin]] – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussions
* James Mac Gaw – guitar
* [[Bruno Ruder]] – keyboards
* Benoît Alziary – [[Rhodes piano|Fender Rhodes]] electric piano & vibraphone and [[thérémine]]
* Philippe Bussonnet – bass
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| December 2019 – beginning 2022
|
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – vocals, drums & composer
* [[Hervé Aknin]] – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussions
* Sandrine Destefanis - vocals
* Sylvie Fisichella - vocals
* Laura Guarrato - vocals
* Rudy Blas – guitar
* Jimmy Top - bass
* Simon Goubert - keyboards
* Thierry Eliez - keyboards
|-
! style="background:#e7ebee;"| beginning 2022–Present
|
* [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]] – vocals, drums & composer
* [[Hervé Aknin]] – vocals
* Isabelle Feuillebois – vocals
* Stella Vander – vocals, percussions
* Caroline Indjein - vocals
* Sylvie Fisichella - vocals
* Laura Guarrato - vocals
* Rudy Blas – guitar
* Jimmy Top - bass
* Simon Goubert - keyboards
* Thierry Eliez - keyboards
|}
{{Hidden end}}

===Timeline===
====1969–1983====
{{#tag:timeline|

#> Data master on frWiki [[:fr:Magma_(groupe)]], please also actualize: [[:de:Magma_(Band)]], [[:fi:Magma_(yhtye)]]! <#

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:18
PlotArea = left:120 bottom:100 top:0 right:15
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat  = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1969 till:30/06/1985
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Colors =
  id:drums       value:orange      legend:Drums
  id:vocals      value:red         legend:Vocals
  id:keys        value:purple      legend:Keyboards
  id:bass        value:blue        legend:Bass
  id:guitar      value:green       legend:Guitar
  id:sax         value:tan2        legend:Saxophone
  id:percu       value:claret      legend:Percussion
  id:doublebass  value:darkblue    legend:Double_bass
  id:trump       value:skyblue     legend:Trumpet
  id:violon      value:drabgreen   legend:Violin
  id:studio      value:black       legend:Studio_album
  id:live        value:gray(0.75)  legend:Live_recording
  id:bars        value:gray(0.93)


BackgroundColors = bars:bars

Legend = position:bottom  columns:4
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:1969
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:2 start:1970

BarData =

  bar:Christian    text:"Christian Vander"
  bar:Bailly       text:"Clément Bailly"
  bar:Salmieri     text:"Claude Salmieri"
  bar:Laizeau      text:"François Laizeau"
  bar:Doudou       text:"Doudou Weiss" †
  bar:Leroux       text:"Philippe Leroux"
  bar:Moerlen      text:"Pierre Moerlen" † 
  bar:Zabu         text:"Lucien Zabuski" †
  bar:Klaus        text:"Klaus Blasquiz"
  bar:Stella       text:"Stella Vander"
  bar:Liza         text:"Liza Deluxe"
  bar:Flo          text:"Florence Bertault"
  bar:Maria        text:"Maria Popkiewicz" †
  bar:Zuress       text:"Guy Khalifa"
  bar:Manu         text:"Manu Leprince"
  bar:Guida        text:"Guida De Palma"
  bar:Eddie        text:"Eddie Rabin"
  bar:Moze         text:"Francis Moze"
  bar:Faton        text:"Faton Cahen" †
  bar:Jean-Luc     text:"Jean-Luc Manderlier"
  bar:Mickey       text:"Michel Graillier" †
  bar:Gérard       text:"Gérard Bikialo"
  bar:Jean-Pol     text:"Jean-Pol Asseline" †
  bar:Benoît       text:"Benoît Widemann"
  bar:Patrick      text:"Patrick Gauthier"
  bar:Fouquey      text:"Jean Pierre Fouquey"
  bar:André        text:"André Hervé" † 
  bar:Thibault     text:"Laurent Thibault"
  bar:Lembert      text:"Jean-Pierre Lembert"
  bar:Jannick      text:"Jannick Top"
  bar:Bernard      text:"Bernard Paganotti"
  bar:Delacroix    text:"Guy Delacroix"
  bar:Michel2      text:"Michel Hervé"
  bar:Dominique    text:"Dominique Bertram"
  bar:Eliard       text:"Marc Éliard"
  bar:Ferry        text:"Jean-Jacques Ferry"
  bar:Goger        text:"Erik Goger"
  bar:Engel        text:"Claude Engel"
  bar:Fosset       text:"Marc Fosset" †
  bar:Olmos        text:"Claude Olmos" †
  bar:Gabriel      text:"Gabriel Federow"
  bar:Jean         text:"Jean de Antoni" †
  bar:Gorgo        text:"Jean-Luc Chevalier"
  bar:Garber       text:"René Garber" †
  bar:Morizur      text:"René Morizur" †
  bar:Raux         text:"Richard Raux"
  bar:Teddy        text:"Teddy Lasry" †
  bar:Jeff         text:"Yochk’o Seffer"
  bar:Alain.G      text:"Alain Guillard"
  bar:Kokelaere    text:"François Kokelaere"
  bar:Vidal        text:"Jacky Vidal"
  bar:Marco        text:"Guy Marco"
  bar:Paco         text:"Paco Charlery" †
  bar:Louis        text:"Louis Toesca" †
  bar:Yvon.G       text:"Yvon Guilard"
  bar:Didier       text:"Didier Lockwood" †

PlotData=

  width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2)
  
  bar:Christian from:01/01/1969 till:30/06/1983 color:drums
  bar:Bailly    from:01/01/1977 till:31/12/1977 color:drums
  bar:Salmieri  from:01/03/1979 till:31/03/1979 color:drums
  bar:Laizeau   from:01/04/1979 till:11/06/1980 color:drums
  bar:Doudou    from:01/02/1981 till:30/09/1981 color:drums
  bar:Leroux    from:01/09/1981 till:30/09/1981 color:drums
  bar:Moerlen   from:01/10/1981 till:30/11/1981 color:drums
  bar:Laizeau   from:01/12/1981 till:30/06/1983 color:drums

  bar:Zabu      from:01/01/1969 till:01/08/1969 color:vocals
  bar:Klaus     from:01/09/1969 till:30/06/1980 color:vocals  

  bar:Stella    from:25/11/1972 till:25/11/1972 color:vocals
  bar:Stella    from:01/07/1973 till:31/08/1973 color:vocals
  bar:Stella    from:01/02/1975 till:30/09/1975 color:vocals
  bar:Stella    from:01/01/1976 till:31/03/1976 color:vocals
  bar:Stella    from:01/05/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:vocals
  bar:Stella    from:01/09/1978 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals
  bar:Maria     from:01/09/1978 till:11/06/1980 color:vocals
  bar:Liza      from:01/05/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:vocals
  bar:Liza      from:01/09/1978 till:31/12/1981 color:vocals
  bar:Liza      from:01/01/1983 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals
  bar:Flo       from:01/05/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:vocals
  bar:Zuress    from:01/02/1981 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals
  bar:Manu      from:01/05/1982 till:30/06/1982 color:vocals
  bar:Guida     from:01/01/1983 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals

  bar:Thibault  from:01/01/1969 till:01/10/1969 color:bass
  bar:Moze      from:01/11/1969 till:31/08/1972 color:bass
  bar:Moze      from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:bass
  bar:Lembert   from:01/09/1972 till:24/03/1973 color:bass
  bar:Jannick   from:27/03/1973 till:05/10/1974 color:bass
  bar:Jannick   from:01/10/1976 till:30/11/1976 color:bass
  bar:Bernard   from:01/01/1975 till:31/08/1976 color:bass
  bar:Bernard   from:01/12/1976 till:31/01/1977 color:bass
  bar:Bernard   from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:bass
  bar:Delacroix from:27/01/1977 till:31/12/1977 color:bass
  bar:Gorgo     from:01/09/1978 till:30/06/1983 color:bass
  bar:Michel2   from:01/09/1978 till:31/08/1979 color:bass
  bar:Dominique from:09/06/1980 till:31/08/1981 color:bass
  bar:Eliard    from:01/09/1981 till:30/06/1983 color:bass

  bar:Moze      from:01/05/1969 till:31/07/1969 color:keys
  bar:Eddie     from:01/04/1969 till:31/10/1969 color:keys
  bar:Faton     from:01/11/1969 till:31/10/1972 color:keys
  bar:Faton     from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:keys
  bar:Jean-Luc  from:01/05/1972 till:01/08/1973 color:keys
  bar:Mickey    from:01/10/1972 till:31/10/1972 color:keys
  bar:Mickey    from:01/06/1973 till:30/09/1974 color:keys
  bar:Mickey    from:01/10/1976 till:30/11/1976 color:keys
  bar:Gérard    from:01/11/1972 till:05/10/1974 color:keys
  bar:Jean-Pol  from:01/01/1975 till:30/06/1975 color:keys
  bar:Benoît    from:01/01/1975 till:31/08/1976 color:keys
  bar:Benoît    from:01/12/1976 till:31/12/1977 color:keys
  bar:Benoît    from:09/06/1980 till:31/08/1981 color:keys
  bar:Patrick   from:01/09/1975 till:31/08/1976 color:keys  
  bar:Patrick   from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:keys
  bar:Patrick   from:01/10/1982 till:30/06/1983 color:keys
  bar:Fouquey   from:01/05/1977 till:31/05/1977 color:keys
  bar:Fouquey   from:01/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:keys
  bar:Fouquey   from:01/09/1981 till:30/06/1983 color:keys
  bar:André     from:01/09/1978 till:31/08/1979 color:keys
 
  bar:Goger     from:01/05/1969 till:31/07/1969 color:guitar
  bar:Ferry     from:01/05/1969 till:31/07/1969 color:guitar
  bar:Engel     from:01/08/1969 till:31/01/1971 color:guitar
  bar:Engel     from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:guitar
  bar:Fosset    from:01/11/1972 till:30/11/1972 color:guitar 
  bar:Olmos     from:27/03/1973 till:28/04/1974 color:guitar 
  bar:Gabriel   from:01/01/1975 till:31/03/1976 color:guitar
  bar:Gabriel   from:01/10/1976 till:31/01/1977 color:guitar
  bar:Gabriel   from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:guitar
  bar:Jean      from:27/01/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:guitar 
  bar:Gorgo     from:01/09/1978 till:30/06/1983 color:guitar

  bar:Kokelaere from:01/02/1982 till:30/06/1983 color:Percu
 
  bar:Morizur   from:01/08/1969 till:31/10/1969 color:sax
  bar:Garber    from:01/01/1969 till:31/12/1969 color:sax
  bar:Garber    from:01/09/1972 till:31/12/1973 color:sax
  bar:Garber    from:01/09/1977 till:31/12/1977 color:sax
  bar:Garber    from:01/09/1978 till:31/07/1979 color:sax
  bar:Raux      from:01/11/1969 till:30/11/1970 color:sax
  bar:Jeff      from:01/02/1971 till:31/08/1972 color:sax
  bar:Jeff      from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:sax
  bar:Teddy     from:01/01/1970 till:31/10/1972 color:sax
  bar:Teddy     from:07/07/1973 till:10/07/1973 color:sax
  bar:Teddy     from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:sax
  bar:Alain.G   from:01/02/1981 till:27/02/1982 color:sax
  bar:Morizur   from:10/12/1981 till:10/12/1981 color:sax

  bar:Marco     from:01/08/1969 till:31/10/1969 color:trump
  bar:Paco      from:01/11/1969 till:30/11/1970 color:trump
  bar:Louis     from:15/01/1971 till:30/06/1972 color:trump
  bar:Louis     from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:trump
  bar:Louis     from:10/12/1981 till:10/12/1981 color:trump
  bar:Yvon.G    from:01/02/1981 till:27/02/1982 color:trump
  bar:Didier    from:01/01/1975 till:30/11/1976 color:violon
  bar:Didier    from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:violon

  bar:Vidal     from:01/09/1969 till:01/01/1970 color:doublebass
  
  width:3 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2)
  bar:Christian from:01/01/1969 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals
  bar:Paco      from:01/11/1969 till:30/11/1970 color:Percu
  bar:Moze      from:01/11/1969 till:31/08/1972 color:doublebass
  bar:Bailly    from:01/01/1977 till:31/12/1977 color:keys
  bar:Gorgo     from:01/09/1978 till:30/06/1983 color:bass
  bar:Klaus     from:01/09/1969 till:30/06/1980 color:Percu

  width:7 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2)
  bar:Christian from:01/01/1969 till:30/06/1983 color:keys


LineData =
  at:01/10/1970 color:studio layer:back #> Magma Kobaïa <#
  at:05/10/1971 color:studio layer:back #> 1001° Centigrades <#
  at:12/11/1971 color:live   layer:back #> Concert 1971 Bruxelles Théâtre 14 <#
  at:01/01/1972 color:live   layer:back #> Univeria Zekt: The Unnamables <#
  at:06/05/1973 color:studio layer:back #> Mekanïk Destruktïw Kommandöh <#
  at:06/02/1974 color:live   layer:back #> Zühn Ẁöhl Ünsaï Live 1974 Bremen <#
  at:14/03/1974 color:live   layer:back #> BBC 1974 Radio Londres <#
  at:17/03/1974 color:live   layer:back #> Marquee Club 1974 <#
  at:15/06/1974 color:studio layer:back #> Ẁurdah Ïtah <#
  at:10/09/1974 color:studio layer:back #> Köhntarkösz <#
  at:01/01/1975 color:live   layer:back #> Inédits <#
  at:05/06/1975 color:live   layer:back #> Live Köhnark (Köhnzert Zünd) <#
  at:05/06/1975 color:live   layer:back #> Live / Hhaï <#
  at:24/09/1975 color:live   layer:back #> Théâtre du Taur, Concert 197 <#
  at:10/09/1976 color:studio layer:back #> Üdü Ẁüdü <#
  at:02/03/1976 color:live   layer:back #> Concert 1976 Opéra de Reims <#
  at:05/03/1978 color:studio layer:back #> Attahk <#
  at:17/04/1979 color:live   layer:back #> Bourges 1979 <#
  at:11/06/1980 color:live   layer:back #> Retrospektïẁ I-II <#
  at:11/06/1980 color:live   layer:back #> Retrospektïẁ III <#
  at:30/05/1981 color:live   layer:back #> Concert Bobino 1981 <#
  at:04/05/1985 color:studio layer:back #> Merci <#

}}

====1990–present====
{{#tag:timeline|

#> Data master on frWiki [[:fr:Magma_(groupe)]], please also actualize: [[:de:Magma_(Band)]], [[:fi:Magma_(yhtye)]]! <#

ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto  barincrement:18
PlotArea = left:120 bottom:80 top:0 right:15
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat  = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1989 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}}
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Colors =

  id:drums       value:orange      legend:Drums
  id:vocals      value:red         legend:Vocals
  id:keys        value:purple      legend:Keyboards
  id:bass        value:blue        legend:Bass
  id:guitar      value:green       legend:Guitar
  id:vibra       value:claret      legend:Vibraphone
#>  id:doublebass  value:darkblue    legend:Double_bass  <#
#>  id:trump       value:skyblue     legend:Trumpet  <#
  id:studio      value:black       legend:Studio_album
  id:live        value:gray(0.75)  legend:Live_recording
  id:bars        value:gray(0.93)

BackgroundColors = bars:bars

Legend = position:bottom  columns:4
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1989
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 start:1989

BarData =
  
  bar:Christian    text:"Christian Vander"
  bar:Stella       text:"Stella Vander"
  bar:Isabelle     text:"Isabelle Feuillebois"
  bar:Klaus        text:"Klaus Blasquiz"
  bar:Julie        text:"Julie Vander"
  bar:Addie        text:"Addie Déat"
  bar:Gamet        text:"Jean Christophe Gamet"
  bar:Ragu         text:"Benedicte Ragu"
  bar:cardiet      text:"Bertrand Cardiet"
  bar:Antoine      text:"Antoine Paganotti"
  bar:Himiko       text:"Himiko Paganotti"
  bar:Hervé        text:"Hervé Aknin"
  bar:Sylvie       text:"Sylvie Fisichella"
  bar:Laura        text:"Laura Guarrato"
  bar:Sandrine     text:"Sandrine Destefanis"
  bar:Caroline     text:"Caroline Indjein"
  bar:JFDéat       text:"Jean-François Déat"
  bar:Lydia        text:"Lydia Domancich" 
  bar:Simon        text:"Simon Goubert"
  bar:Patrick      text:"Patrick Gauthier"
  bar:Pierre-M     text:"Pierre-Michel Sivadier"
  bar:Emmanuel     text:"Emmanuel Borghi"
  bar:D'Oelsnitz   text:"Fred D'Oelsnitz"
  bar:Ruder        text:"Bruno Ruder"
  bar:Ternoy       text:"Jeremy Ternoy"
  bar:Martineau    text:"Jerôme Martineau"
  bar:Thierry      text:"Thierry Eliez"
  bar:Eliard       text:"Marc Éliard"
  bar:Jean-Marc    text:"Jean-Marc Duroure"
  bar:Bubu         text:"Philippe Bussonnet"
  bar:Jimmy        text:"Jimmy Top"
  bar:Vedel        text:"Franck Vedel"
  bar:Cardiet      text:"Bertrand Cardiet"
  bar:James        text:"James Mac Gaw"  †
  bar:Jim          text:"Jim Grandcamp"
  bar:Rudy         text:"Rudy Blas"
  bar:Benoît       text:"Benoît Alziary"

PlotData=

  width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2)

  bar:Christian from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:drums 
  bar:Christian from:03/12/1996 till:end        color:drums
  bar:Stella    from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:vocals
  bar:Stella    from:03/12/1996 till:end        color:vocals
  bar:Klaus     from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:vocals
  bar:isabelle  from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:vocals
  bar:isabelle  from:03/12/1996 till:end        color:vocals
  bar:Klaus     from:01/01/1992 till:31/12/1992 color:vocals
  bar:Julie     from:21/02/1990 till:21/02/1990 color:vocals
  bar:Julie     from:01/03/1991 till:31/10/1995 color:vocals
  bar:Julie     from:12/05/2000 till:14/05/2000 color:vocals
  bar:Addie     from:01/02/1990 till:31/03/1991 color:vocals
  bar:Addie     from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:vocals
  bar:Addie     from:01/10/1995 till:30/10/1995 color:vocals
  bar:Addie     from:01/10/1995 till:30/10/1995 color:vocals
  bar:Gamet     from:01/03/1991 till:30/03/1991 color:vocals
  bar:Gamet     from:01/07/1992 till:31/10/1995 color:vocals
  bar:Gamet     from:01/03/1999 till:31/08/2001 color:vocals
  bar:Ragu      from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:vocals
  bar:Ragu      from:01/10/1995 till:31/10/1995 color:vocals
  bar:Cardiet   from:01/12/1996 till:28/11/1998 color:vocals
  bar:Antoine   from:20/03/1999 till:11/02/2008 color:vocals
  bar:Himiko    from:30/01/2002 till:11/02/2008 color:vocals
  bar:Hervé     from:26/03/2008 till:end        color:vocals 
  bar:Sandrine  from:26/06/2019 till:14/09/2021 color:vocals
  bar:Sylvie    from:26/06/2019 till:end        color:vocals
  bar:Laura     from:26/06/2019 till:end        color:vocals 
  bar:Caroline  from:15/09/2021 till:end        color:vocals

  bar:Eliard    from:01/02/1990 till:27/02/1990 color:bass
  bar:Jean-Marc from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:bass
  bar:Bubu      from:01/03/1991 till:31/03/1991 color:bass
  bar:Bubu      from:01/10/1995 till:31/10/1995 color:bass
  bar:Bubu      from:03/12/1996 till:04/11/2019 color:bass
  bar:Jimmy     from:29/02/2020 till:end        color:bass


  bar:Patrick   from:15/10/1992 till:18/10/1992 color:keys
  bar:Patrick   from:09/07/1993 till:10/07/1993 color:keys
  bar:Patrick   from:01/01/1994 till:31/05/1994 color:keys
  bar:Simon     from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:keys
  bar:Simon     from:01/10/1995 till:31/10/1995 color:keys
  bar:Simon     from:01/12/1996 till:19/12/1996 color:keys
  bar:Emmanuel  from:17/07/1997 till:11/02/2008 color:keys
  bar:Pierre-M  from:01/04/1993 till:30/10/1995 color:keys
  bar:Pierre-M  from:14/03/1997 till:31/05/1998 color:keys
  bar:JFDéat    from:01/02/1990 till:31/03/1991 color:keys
  bar:JFDéat    from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:keys
  bar:JFDéat    from:01/12/1996 till:31/05/1997 color:keys
  bar:Lydia     from:01/02/1992 till:31/07/1992 color:keys
  bar:Lydia     from:01/01/1994 till:31/10/1995 color:keys
  bar:D'Oelsnitz from:01/01/2003 till:30/11/2005 color:keys
  bar:Ruder     from:26/03/2008 till:31/12/2011 color:keys
  bar:Ternoy    from:01/04/2012 till:31/10/2015 color:keys
  bar:Martineau from:01/11/2015 till:04/11/2019 color:keys
  bar:Simon     from:29/02/2020 till:end        color:keys
  bar:Thierry   from:29/02/2020 till:end        color:keys

  bar:Vedel     from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:guitar
  bar:Vedel     from:03/12/1996 till:31/05/1997 color:guitar
  bar:James     from:17/07/1997 till:05/06/2015 color:guitar
  bar:Jim       from:21/11/2015 till:02/04/2016 color:guitar
  bar:Rudy      from:08/06/2016 till:end        color:guitar

  bar:Benoît   from:01/07/2006 till:04/11/2019  color:vibra

  width:3 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2)
  bar:Christian from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:vocals
  bar:Christian from:03/12/1996 till:end        color:vocals
  bar:Antoine   from:20/03/1999 till:11/02/2008 color:drums
  bar:Thierry   from:29/02/2020 till:end        color:vocals

LineData =
  at:01/01/1989 color:studio layer:back #> Mekanïk Kommandöh <#
  at:03/10/1992 color:live   layer:back #> Les Voix Concert 1992 <#
  at:15/10/1995 color:live   layer:back #> Baba Yaga La Sorcière , quand les enfants chantent <#
  at:05/12/1998 color:studio layer:back #> Flöë Ëssi/ Ëktah <#
  at:14/05/2000 color:live   layer:back #> Theusz Hamtaahk Trilogie <#
  at:08/10/2004 color:studio   layer:back #> K.A <#
  at:17/09/2005 color:live   layer:back #> Live in Tokyo <#
  at:20/10/2009 color:studio layer:back #> Ëmëhntëhtt-Rê <#
  at:01/01/2008 color:studio layer:back #> Archiw I + II (Studio Zünd) <#
  at:06/12/2009 color:live   layer:back #> Alhambra I + II (Köhnzert Zünd) <#
  at:01/05/2011 color:live   layer:back #> Triton Zünd Zëlëkt I (Köhnzert Zünd), Mythes et Légendes Epok I - IV <# 
  at:02/07/2011 color:live   layer:back #> Triton Zünd Zëlëkt II (Köhnzert Zünd), Mythes et Légendes Epok V <#
  at:03/07/2012 color:studio layer:back #> Félicité Thösz <#
  at:15/09/2014 color:studio layer:back #> Rïah Sahïltaahk <#
  at:21/11/2014 color:live   layer:back #> Ëmëhntëtt-Rê Trilogie Triton(DVD) <#
  at:10/01/2015 color:studio layer:back #> Slag Tanz <#
  at:14/06/2019 color:studio layer:back #> Zess (Le Jour Du Néant) <#
  at:08/03/2020 color:live   layer:back #> ESKÄHL 2020 <#
  at:30/09/2022 color:studio layer:back #> Kartëhl <#

}}

==Discography==

;Studio albums
* 1970: ''[[Magma (Magma album)|Magma]]'' (reissued as ''Kobaïa'')
* 1971: ''[[1001° Centigrades]]'' (or ''Magma 2'')
* 1973: ''[[Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh]]''
** 1989: ''[[Mekanïk Kommandöh]]'' (archival, original version of Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh)  
* 1974: ''[[Ẁurdah Ïtah]]'' (originally ''Tristan & Iseult'' by Christian Vander)
* 1974: ''[[Köhntarkösz]]''
* 1976: ''[[Üdü Ẁüdü]]''
* 1978: ''[[Attahk]]''
* 1985: ''[[Merci (Magma album)|Merci]]''
* 2004: ''[[K.A (Köhntarkösz Anteria)]]''
* 2009: ''[[Ëmëhntëhtt-Ré]]''
* 2012: ''[[Félicité Thösz]]''
* 2014: ''[[Rïah Sahïltaahk]]''
* 2015: ''[[Šlaǧ Tanƶ]]''
* 2019: ''[[Zëss]]''
* 2022: ''[[Kartëhl|Kãrtëhl]]''

;Live albums
* 1975: ''[[Live/Hhaï]]''
* 1977: ''[[Inédits]]''
* 1981: ''[[Retrospektïẁ (Parts I+II)]]''
* 1981: ''[[Retrospektïẁ (Part III)]]''
* 1989: Akt X: ''[[Mekanïk Kommandöh]]'' (earlier studio recording of Mekanïk Destruktïw Kommandöh from 1973) [different from the bonus track mentioned above]
* 1992: Akt I: ''[[Les Voix De Magma]]'' (from August 2, 1992 at Douarnenez)
* 1994: Akt IV: ''[[Theatre Du Taur Concert, 1975]]'' (from September 24, 1975)
* 1995: Akt V: ''Concert Bobino 1981'' (from May 16, 1981)
* 1996: Akt VIII: ''Bruxelles 1971'' (from November 12, 1971 at Theatre 140)
* 1996: Akt IX: ''Opéra De Reims, 1976'' (from March 2, 1976)
* 1999: Akt XIII: ''BBC 1974 Londres'' (from March 14, 1974 at the London BBC studios)
* 2001: ''[[Trilogie Theusz Hamtaahk]] (Concert du Trianon)'', CD + DVD
* 2008: Akt XV: ''Bourges, 1979'' (from April 17, 1979)
* 2009: ''Live in Tokyo 2005''
* 2014: ''Zühn Wöhl Ünsai – Live 1974'' (2 CD; Radio Bremen recordings)
* 2018: Akt XVIII: ''Marquee - Londres 17 Mars 1974''
* 2021: ''Eskähl 2020'' (Bordeaux, Toulouse, Perpignan)

;EPs
* 1998: ''Floë Ëssi/Ëktah''
* 2014: ''Rïah Sahïltaahk''
* 2015: ''Šlaǧ Tanƶ''

;Compilations/boxsets/other material
* 1972: ''[[The Unnamables]]'' (studio album released under the alias "Univeria Zekt")
* 1986: ''Mythes et Légendes Vol. I'' (compilation)
* 1992: Akt II: ''Sons: Document 1973'' (recorded in 1973 at Le Manor, featuring a scaled-back line-up of [[Christian Vander (musician)|Christian Vander]], Klaus Blasquiz, [[Jannick Top]] and René Garber)
* 1997: ''Kompila''
* 1998: ''Simples''
* 2008: ''Archiẁ I & II'' (included in the ''[[Studio Zünd: 40 Ans d'Evolution]]'' boxset)
* 2008: ''[[Studio Zünd: 40 Ans d'Evolution]]'' (12 disc box set, includes ''Kobaïa'' to ''K.A'' plus ''Archiẁ'' I & II)
* 2015: ''Köhnzert Zünd'' (12 CD; Live recordings, from ''Magma Live'' to ''Trilogie Au Trianon'' plus ''Triton Zünd'' and ''Alhambra 2009'')
* 2017: ''Retrospektïw'' (3 LPs. Includes ''Retrospektïw'' I, II & III series. Limited edition of 1,500 numbered copies. Also includes the comic strip.)
* 2023: ''Magma une histoire de Mekanik Coffret 50 ans Mëkanïk Dëstruktïw Kömmandöh'' (7 LP's  of different M.D.K. versions. Limited edition of 2,000 numbered copies)

;Videos
* 1995: ''Concert Bobino 1981'' (Akt VI), DVD (also released on VHS video cassette)
* 2001: ''[[Trilogie Theusz Hamtaahk]] (Concert du Trianon)'', DVD + CD
* 2006: ''Mythes et Légendes Epok 1'', DVD
* 2006: ''Mythes et Légendes Epok 2'', DVD
* 2007: ''Mythes et Légendes Epok 3'', DVD
* 2008: ''Mythes et Légendes Epok 4'', DVD
* 2013: ''Mythes et Légendes Epok 5'', DVD
* 2016: ''Nihao Hamtaï – Magma in China'', DVD
* 2017: ''Ëmëhntëhtt-Rê Trilogy'', DVD

==See also==
* [[Sound poetry]]
* ''[[Romantic Warriors II: A Progressive Music Saga About Rock in Opposition]]''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Reading list==
* {{cite book |first=Klaus |last=Blasquiz |title=Au coeur de Magma |publisher=Le Mot et le Reste |location=Gémenos |date=2013 |isbn=978-2-36054-106-5 |language=fr, en}}
* {{cite book |last=Ferry (aka. Mephisto) |first=Didier |title=MAGMA 1975–2018 |publisher=Seventh Records |location=Montmorency |year=2022 |language=}} (Didier Ferry's photographic restrospective of 40 years band history)<ref>{{cite web |first=Jacopo |last=Vigezzi |url=https://progrockjournal.com/news-seventh-records-to-release-the-book-magma-photos-by-didier-ferry/ |title=Seventh Records to release the book "Magma – Photos by Didier Ferry" |work=Progressive Rock Journal |date=2022-07-07 |access-date=2024-10-07}}</ref>
* {{Cite book|last=Macan |first=Edward |title=Rocking the classics: English progressive rock and the counterculture |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1997 |page=1976 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4U_NJpF_FmIC&pg=RA2-PA1976 |isbn=0-19-509888-9}}
* {{Cite thesis |first=Reuben |last=Bradley |title=From Coltrane to Magma and beyond: Interpreting musical meaning through composition |publisher=Victoria University of Wellington |degree=Master of Musical Arts |date=2018 |url=http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/7780}}
* {{Cite journal |first=Kevin |last=Holm-Hudson |title=Apocalyptic Otherness: Black Music and Extraterrestrial Identity in the Music of Magma |journal=Popular Music and Society |volume=26 |number=4 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |date=2003 |issn=0300-7766 |pages=481–495 |doi=10.1080/0300776032000144931}} (Analysis of the musical style of Magma)
* {{Cite book|last=Buckley |first=Peter |title=The rough guide to rock |publisher=Rough Guides |year=2003 |pages=629–630 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ctjc6UWCm4C&pg=PT629 |isbn=1-84353-105-4}}
* {{Cite book | last = Gonin | first = Philippe | author-link = | title = Magma - Décryptage d'un mythe et d'une musique| place = Marseille | publisher = Le Mot et le Reste | year = 2010| language = fr| isbn = 978-2-36054-000-6}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.seventhrecords.com/ Seventh Records], Christian Vander's record label
* Dominic Leone: ''[https://trouserpress.com/reviews/magma/ Magma]'' on [[Trouser Press]] (short band history)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040124181214/http://www.utopic-records.com/ Utopic Records], Jannick Top's record label
*[http://www.furious.com/perfect/magma.html The story of Magma, including the Kobaïa mythology]. ''[[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)|Perfect Sound Forever]]''.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091021064935/http://geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Alley/8366/MAGMA-KOBAIAN-dictionary.html Unofficial Kobaïan–English Dictionary].
* {{MusicBrainz artist | id=7f89e84d-4c35-4d53-a965-4f3ce1c4ef4f | name=Magma}}
* {{Discogs artist|Magma (6)}}
* {{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p7020|label=Magma}}

{{Magma}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Magma}}
[[Category:Contemporary classical music ensembles]]
[[Category:French jazz ensembles]]
[[Category:French progressive rock groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1969]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Paris]]
[[Category:Zeuhl]]