Editing Madras, Oregon

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Madras, Oregon
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
|image_skyline            = Madras Elementary School - Madras Oregon.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Elementary school in Madras
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
|image_map                = Jefferson_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Madras_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Oregon]]
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Oregon]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Oregon|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Jefferson County, Oregon|Jefferson]]
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Mike Lepin
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = 1911
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_sq_mi         = 8.16
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='41'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
|area_total_km2           = 21.13
|area_land_sq_mi          = 8.16
|area_land_km2            = 21.13
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_urban_sq_mi         = 
|area_urban_km2           = 
|area_metro_sq_mi         = 
|area_metro_km2           = 
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|population_note          = 
|population_total         = 7456
|population_metro         = 
|population_urban         = 
|population_density_km2   = 352.88
|population_density_sq_mi = 913.95
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset               = -8
|timezone_DST             = Pacific
|utc_offset_DST           = -7
|coordinates              = {{coord|44|37|50|N|121|7|45|W|type:city(5078)_region:US-OR_source:gnis-1145724|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m              = 683
|elevation_ft             = 2242
|website                  = [http://www.ci.madras.or.us/ ci.madras.or.us]
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 97741
|area_code                = [[Area code 541|541]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 41-45250<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1145724<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_footnotes = 
|unit_pref = Imperial
}}
'''Madras''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|d|r|u|s}} {{respell|MAD|russ}}) is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Jefferson County, Oregon]],  United States.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Originally called "The Basin" after the circular valley the city is in, it is unclear whether Madras was named in 1903 for the cotton fabric called "[[Madras (cloth)|Madras]]" that originated in the city of Madras (now [[Chennai]]) in [[Tamil Nadu]],  [[India]] or from the name of the city itself. The population was 6,046 at the [[United States Census 2010|2010 census]].<ref name="prcjuly08">{{cite web|url=http://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/media_assets/PopRpt08c2.pdf|title=Certified Population Estimates for Oregon's Cities and Towns|date=March 2009|work=Population Research Center|publisher=Portland State University|access-date=2009-07-29|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231136/http://www.pdx.edu/sites/www.pdx.edu.prc/files/media_assets/PopRpt08c2.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==

The original [[plat]] for Madras was filed on July 18, 1902, by Scandinavian immigrant John A. Palmehn, for whom the town was originally named "Palmain". The name was rejected by the [[U.S. Postal Service]] over its similarity to a [[post office]] named [[Parmen, Oregon|Parmen]], and the name "Madras" was adopted, inspired by the [[Madras (cloth)|cloth fabric]] of the same name, itself named for the city of Madras (now [[Chennai]]) in India.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nm5YAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BPgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5786%2C2184435 | title=How did Madras get its name? | work=The Bulletin | date=Aug 20, 1958 | access-date= August 18, 2015 | pages=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Templeton |first=Amelia |date=July 17, 2012 |title=Madras, Almost Named Palmain, Turns 100 |url=http://www.opb.org/news/article/madras-almost-named-palmain-turns-100/ |publisher=[[Oregon Public Broadcasting]] |access-date=August 22, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Bellamy House.jpg|thumb|Bellamy House in Madras, seen in a real photo postcard {{Circa|1920}}]]

Madras was incorporated as a city in 1911. An [[United States Army Air Corps|Army Air Corps]] base was built nearby during [[World War II]]. This airfield now serves as the [[Madras Municipal Airport]]. Homesteads approximately {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} north of the city on [[Agency Plains (Oregon)|Agency Plains]] were based on dryland wheat.

===GMO incident===
In 2003, a [[Scotts Company]] large field trial of [[GMO]] [[bentgrass]] near Madras resulted in pollen spreading the [[transgene]], which is [[Glyphosate|Roundup]]-resistant, over an area of {{convert|310|km2|mi2|order=flip}}.<ref name=watrud>{{cite journal | last1 = Watrud | first1 = L.S. | last2 = Lee | first2 = E.H. | last3 = Fairbrother | first3 = A. | last4 = Burdick | first4 = C. | last5 = Reichman | first5 = J.R. | last6 = Bollman | first6 = M. | last7 = Storm | first7 = M. | last8 = King | first8 = G.J. | last9 = Van de Water | first9 = P.K. | year = 2004 | title = Evidence for landscape-level, pollen-mediated gene flow from genetically modified creeping bentgrass with ''CP4 EPSPS'' as a marker | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 101 | issue = 4| pages = 14533–14538 | pmid = 15448206 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0405154101 | pmc = 521937 | doi-access = free }}</ref> 
Because the grower could not remove all [[genetically engineered]] plants, the [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]] fined the grower $500,000 for non-compliance with regulations in 2007.<ref>USDA [http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2007/11/0350.xml USDA CONCLUDES GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CREEPING BENTGRASS INVESTIGATION] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208173644/http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2007%2F11%2F0350.xml |date=2015-12-08 }} USDA Assesses The Scotts Company, LLC $500,000 Civil Penalty. 26 November 2007</ref>

===2017 solar eclipse===

The centerline of the path of totality of the [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], ran through the center of Madras. Because the city is located in a high desert environment and has consistently clear skies in August, it was considered a prime eclipse viewing location. All of the hotel and motel rooms in the area had been reserved for several years. The town had prepared for an influx of about 100,000 visitors for the eclipse.<ref>{{cite news | last =Elliott | first =Hannah | title =A Tiny Oregon Town Is Prepping to Be Ground Zero for Eclipse Tourism: Madras, Ore., has a high elevation and wide open spaces with no light pollution, so it's excellent for eclipse tourism. But it has a population of just 6,000; where is everyone else going to sleep?| newspaper =[[Bloomberg News]] | date =July 20, 2017 | url =https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-20/madras-oregon-visitor-guide-for-eclipse-tourists | access-date =July 29, 2017 }}</ref>

==Sights==
Madras is home to the [http://www.ericksoncollection.com/ Erickson Aircraft Collection], a privately owned collection of [[airworthy]] vintage aircraft.  The collection is open to the public Tuesday through Sunday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.<ref name=Erickson>{{cite web|url=http://www.ericksoncollection.com/|title=Erickson Madras - Erickson Aircraft Collection|website=Erickson Aircraft Collection|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref> The Jefferson County Fair is held on county property along Fairgrounds Road in Madras.<ref name="Fairgrounds">{{cite web|title=Fairgrounds|url=https://www.jeffco.net/fairgrounds|publisher=Jefferson County|year=2018|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> The annual fair takes place in late July.<ref name="Fairgrounds"/>

==Geography and climate==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|5.02|sqmi|sqkm|0}}, all land.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702145235/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archive-date=2012-07-02}}</ref>

Madras has a [[steppe climate]] (''BSk'') according to the [[Köppen climate classification]] system, also known as semi-arid.

{{Weather box
|location = Madras
|single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 70
| Feb record high F = 76
| Mar record high F = 82
| Apr record high F = 91
| May record high F = 101
| Jun record high F = 111
| Jul record high F = 112
| Aug record high F = 109
| Sep record high F = 104
| Oct record high F = 93
| Nov record high F = 80
| Dec record high F = 68
| year record high F = 112
| Jan high F = 41.7
| Feb high F = 47.6
| Mar high F = 55.2
| Apr high F = 62.2
| May high F = 70.3
| Jun high F = 77.7
| Jul high F = 87.1
| Aug high F = 86.0
| Sep high F = 77.9
| Oct high F = 65.3
| Nov high F = 50.6
| Dec high F = 42.5
| year high F = 63.7
| Jan low F = 22.1
| Feb low F = 25.0
| Mar low F = 27.3
| Apr low F = 30.0
| May low F = 35.9
| Jun low F = 41.6
| Jul low F = 45.1
| Aug low F = 43.6
| Sep low F = 38.0
| Oct low F = 31.2
| Nov low F = 27.1
| Dec low F = 23.2
| year low F = 32.5
| Jan record low F = -40
| Feb record low F = -34
| Mar record low F = -7
| Apr record low F = 6
| May record low F = 11
| Jun record low F = 19
| Jul record low F = 26
| Aug record low F = 21
| Sep record low F = 9
| Oct record low F = -2
| Nov record low F = -15
| Dec record low F = -40
| year record low F = -40 | precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 1.15
| Feb precipitation inch = 0.82
| Mar precipitation inch = 0.74
| Apr precipitation inch = 0.7
| May precipitation inch = 0.95
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.8
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.34
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.33
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.48
| Oct precipitation inch = 0.71
| Nov precipitation inch = 1.28
| Dec precipitation inch = 1.26
| year precipitation inch = 9.56
| Jan precipitation days = 9
| Feb precipitation days = 8
| Mar precipitation days = 7
| Apr precipitation days = 6
| May precipitation days = 7
| Jun precipitation days = 5
| Jul precipitation days = 2
| Aug precipitation days = 2
| Sep precipitation days = 3
| Oct precipitation days = 5
| Nov precipitation days = 9
| Dec precipitation days = 9
| Jan snow inch = 4.8
| Feb snow inch = 2.1
| Mar snow inch = 0.7
| Apr snow inch = 0.1
| May snow inch = 0
| Jun snow inch = 0
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 0
| Oct snow inch = 0
| Nov snow inch = 1.4
| Dec snow inch = 3
| year snow inch = 12.1

|source 1 = <ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?or5139 |title=MADRAS, OR (355139) |access-date=November 26, 2015 |publisher=Western Regional Climate Center }}</ref>
|date=November 2015
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1910= 364
|1920= 337
|1930= 291
|1940= 412
|1950= 1258
|1960= 1515
|1970= 1689
|1980= 2235
|1990= 3443
|2000= 5078
|2010= 6046
|2020= 7456
|footnote=source:<ref>Moffatt, Riley. ''Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990''. [[Lanham, Maryland|Lanham]]: Scarecrow, 1996, 212.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2007-41.csv|title = Subcounty population estimates: Oregon 2000-2007|format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]]|publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date = 2009-03-18|access-date = 2009-04-29|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090515142717/http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2007-41.csv|archive-date = 2009-05-15}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:41&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 6,046 people, 2,198 households, and 1,430 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|1204.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 2,569 housing units at an average density of {{convert|511.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 66.4% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.7% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 6.9% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.8% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.2% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 19.7% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 5.4% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 38.5% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-21}}</ref>

There were 2,198 households, of which 41.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.9% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.31.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median age in the city was 31.2 years. 30.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.1% were from 25 to 44; 21.6% were from 45 to 64; and 10.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.3% male and 50.7% female.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

===2000 census===
As of the census of 2000, there were 5,078 people, 1,801 households, and 1,251 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,326.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,952 housing units at an average density of {{convert|894.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 63.55% White, 0.59% African American, 6.14% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.35% Pacific Islander, 24.56% from other races, and 4.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 35.74% of the population.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

There were 1,801 households, out of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were married couples living together, 12.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.32.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

In the city, the population was spread out, with 33.1% under the age of 18, 10.6% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

The median income for a household in the city was $29,103, and the median income for a family was $33,275. Males had a median income of $27,656 versus $19,464 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $12,937. About 15.2% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 26.3% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>

==Infrastructure==

===Transportation===
;Highway
* [[U.S. Route 26 in Oregon|U.S. Route 26]]
* [[U.S. Route 97 in Oregon|U.S. Route 97]]

;Rail
* [[BNSF Railway]] (formerly [[Oregon Trunk Railway]])
* [[Union Pacific Railroad]] shares operations on the same tracks

;Air
In addition to the public [[Madras City-County Airport|City-County Airport]], Madras has several private-use airports in the area:
* [[Bombay Farms Airport]]
* [[St. Charles Madras Heliport]]
* [[Ochs Private Airport]]
* Six Springs Ranch Airport

== Notable people ==
<!-- Note:
· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability.
· The biographical article must mention how they are associated with Madras, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited, unless it is well-known.
· alphabetical by last name please
· All others will be deleted without further explanation
-->
*[[Jacoby Ellsbury]] (b. 1983) — Major League Baseball player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/e/ellsbja01.shtml|title=Jacoby Ellsbury Stats - Baseball-Reference.com|website=Baseball-Reference.com|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>
*[[Boyd R. Overhulse]] (1909–1966) — attorney and state legislator<ref>[http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/Recordpdf/6785327 "1957 Special Session (49th): October 28-November 15"], ''Oregon Legislators and Staff Guide 1957 Sessions'', Oregon Secretary of State, Salem, Oregon, accessed 1 February 2016.</ref>
*[[River Phoenix]] (1970–1993) — actor born in Madras<ref>{{cite journal|last=Levitt|first=Shelley|title=River's End|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20106732,00.html|journal=People|publisher=Time|date=November 15, 1993|access-date=April 24, 2017}}</ref>

==Sister city==
Madras has one [[Town twinning|sister city]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/OR |title=Online Directory: Oregon, USA |access-date=2006-06-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502174811/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/OR |archive-date=2006-05-02|website=Sister Cities International }}</ref> as designated by [[Sister Cities International]]:

*{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tōmi, Nagano]], [[Japan]] (Tōmi was formed in 2004 by merger of [[Kitamimaki, Nagano|Kitamimaki]], which was already twinned with Madras, and [[Tōbu, Nagano|Tōbu]].)

==See also==
*[[Madras High School]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Madras, Oregon}}
*[https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/l-r/madras.aspx Madras listing] in the ''[[Oregon Blue Book]]''
*{{Oregon Encyclopedia|madras|Madras}}

{{Jefferson County, Oregon}}
{{Oregon}}
{{Oregon county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Madras, Oregon| ]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Jefferson County, Oregon]]
[[Category:Cities in Oregon]]
[[Category:County seats in Oregon]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1903]]