Editing Madison County, Tennessee

{{short description|County in Tennessee, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Madison County
 | state                = Tennessee
 | seal                 = 
 | founded              = 1821
 | named for            = [[James Madison]]<ref>[http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/05-06/44-counties.pdf Origins Of Tennessee County Names], ''[[Tennessee Blue Book]]'' 2005–2006, pages 508–513</ref>
 | seat wl             = Jackson
 | largest city wl     = Jackson
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 559
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 557
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 1.5
 | area percentage      = 0.3%
 | census yr            = 2020
 | pop                  = 98823 {{gain}}
 | density_sq_mi        = 176
 | time zone           = Central
 | footnotes            = 
 | web                  = https://www.madisoncountytn.gov
 | district             = 8th
 | ex image             = Old Madison County Courthouse, Jackson.JPG
 | ex image cap         = Madison County Courthouse in March 2012 }}

'''Madison County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the western part of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Tennessee]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 98,823.<ref name="QF2020">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Madison County, Tennessee; United States |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/madisoncountytennessee,US/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 13, 2021}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Jackson, Tennessee|Jackson]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Madison County is included in the [[Jackson metropolitan area, Tennessee|Jackson metropolitan area]].

==History==
{{More citations needed|section|date=October 2021}}
Madison County was formed in 1821, and named for founding father and president, [[James Madison]]. The county was part of lands the United States purchased from the [[Chickasaw]] in 1818.<ref name=tehc>Harbert Alexander, [http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=824 "Madison County"], ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture''; retrieved October 22, 2013.</ref> After Congressional passage of the [[Indian Removal Act]] of 1830, most Chickasaw were forced out of the state and west to Indian Territory beyond the Mississippi River.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

[[Pinson Mounds]], one of the largest [[Woodland period]] (c. 1-500CE) mound complexes in the United States, is located in Madison County. It has the second-tallest earthwork mound in the United States.<ref>Mark Norton, "The Pinson Mounds Complex", ''West Tennessee Historical Society Papers'', Vol. 55 (2001). Copy obtained at Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Park.</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Madison County TN sign 001.jpg|thumb|right]]

According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|559|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|557|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|1.5|sqmi}} (0.3%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_47.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 9, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref>

===Airport===
[[McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport]], renamed [[Jackson Regional Airport]] in 2025, ("MKL") serves the county and the surrounding communities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.semissourian.com/story/1560922.html |title=Other cities in Great Lakes Airlines' contract find new carrier |first=Rudi |last=Keller |work=[[Southeast Missourian]] |date=August 9, 2009 |access-date=November 15, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jacksonsun/access/1851442521.html?FMT=ABS&amp;date=Aug+31,+2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713001355/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jacksonsun/access/1851442521.html?FMT=ABS&amp;date=Aug+31,+2009 |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |title=Nashville flights begin from McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport |first=Mariann |last=Martin |work=[[The Jackson Sun]] |date=August 31, 2009 |access-date=November 15, 2009 |page=A1}}</ref> [[Lake Graham (Tennessee)|Lake Graham]], a large 500 acre reservoir primarily intended for recreation and wildlife habitat, is located in the county 5 miles east of Jackson.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lake Graham in Tennessee |url=https://www.tn.gov/twra/fishing/where-to-fish/west-tennessee-r1/lake-graham.html |website=TN.gov |publisher=Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency |access-date=March 3, 2023}}</ref>

===Adjacent counties===
*[[Gibson County, Tennessee|Gibson County]] (north)
*[[Carroll County, Tennessee|Carroll County]] (northeast)
*[[Henderson County, Tennessee|Henderson County]] (east)
*[[Chester County, Tennessee|Chester County]] (southeast)
*[[Hardeman County, Tennessee|Hardeman County]] (south)
*[[Haywood County, Tennessee|Haywood County]] (west)
*[[Crockett County, Tennessee|Crockett County]] (northwest)

===State protected areas===
*[[Pinson Mounds|Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Park]]
*[[Middle Fork Bottoms State Park]]
*South Fork Waterfowl Refuge
*[[Lake Graham (Tennessee)|Lake Graham]]

===Highways===
*[[US-45]]
*[[US-412]]
*[[US-70]]
*[[I-40]]

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1830= 11594
|1840= 16530
|1850= 21470
|1860= 21535
|1870= 23480
|1880= 30874
|1890= 30497
|1900= 36333
|1910= 39357
|1920= 43824
|1930= 51059
|1940= 54115
|1950= 60128
|1960= 60655
|1970= 65727
|1980= 74546
|1990= 77982
|2000= 91837
|2010= 98294
|2020= 98823
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2018.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|access-date=July 20, 2019}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref><br />1790–1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/tn190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=April 9, 2015}}</ref> 2010<ref>{{cite web |title=State & County QuickFacts |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47113.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607143227/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/47113.html |archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> 2020<ref name="QF2020"/>
}}
{{Stack|[[Image:USA Madison County, Tennessee.csv age pyramid.svg|thumb|150px|left|Age pyramid Madison County<ref>Based on [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] data</ref>]]}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Madison County racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US47113&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 8, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!Race
!Num.
!Perc.
|-
|[[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
|53,264
|53.9%
|-
|[[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
|35,837
|36.26% 
|-
|[[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
|175
|0.18%
|-
|[[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
|1,227
|1.24%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]]
|13
|0.01%
|-
|[[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
|3,585
|3.63%
|-
|[[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
|4,722
|4.78%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 98,823 people, 38,930 households, and 25,748 families residing in the county.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=May 14, 2011|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 91,837 people, 35,552 households, and 24,637 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|165|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 38,205 housing units at an average density of {{convert|69|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units&nbsp;}}. There were 35,552 households, out of which 33.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.80% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.70% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.00.

The racial makeup of the county was 65.20% [[Race (United States Census)|non-Hispanic White]] or [[Race (United States Census)|European American]], 32.46% [[Race (United States Census)|non-Hispanic Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.16% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.63% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.01% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.67% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.86% from two or more races. 1.71% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 35,552 households, out of which 33.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.80% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 15.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.70% were non-families. 26.20% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.80% under the age of 18, 11.00% from 18 to 24, 29.10% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,982, and the median income for a family was $44,595. Males had a median income of $34,253 versus $23,729 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $19,389. About 10.80% of families and 14.00% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 18.40% of those under age 18 and 11.80% of those age 65 or over.

==Government and politics==
{{PresHead|place=Madison County, Tennessee|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=March 11, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|23,385|16,115|464|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|23,943|18,390|617|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|21,335|15,448|1,337|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|21,993|18,367|342|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|23,290|20,209|347|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|21,679|16,840|156|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|17,862|15,781|287|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|14,908|13,577|1,080|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|14,869|13,629|2,698|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|16,952|11,001|86|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|17,819|12,006|55|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|13,667|12,986|534|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|11,364|12,989|306|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|15,481|5,203|725|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1968|American Independent|6,143|5,517|9,420|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1964|Republican|10,932|10,573|0|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|8,863|8,083|747|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1956|Democratic|6,642|8,540|855|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1952|Democratic|7,243|8,623|53|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|1,681|4,722|2,594|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|1,793|5,706|18|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|1,271|6,154|23|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|1,223|6,095|32|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|1,124|4,813|92|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|1,894|3,574|0|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|1,110|3,422|399|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|2,665|5,280|0|Tennessee}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|1,194|2,659|70|Tennessee}}
{{PresFoot|1912|Democratic|1,036|2,702|396|Tennessee}}

The county is headed by an elected [[County executive|county mayor]] (currently A.J. Massey) and [[county commission]] of 25 members elected from 10 districts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.co.madison.tn.us/|title=Madison County, TN - Official Website|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=co,madison.tn.us|publisher=Madison County, Tennessee|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730141645/http://www.co.madison.tn.us/|archive-date=July 30, 2014}}</ref>

Madison County was a Democratic-leaning county for the first half of the 20th century, continuing the trend until it flipped towards the Republicans in 1960. The last Democrat to carry the county was [[Jimmy Carter]] in 1976.
{{clear}}

==Healthcare==
[[West Tennessee Healthcare]] (Jackson-Madison County General Hospital District), created by a law passed by the [[Tennessee General Assembly]] in 1949, serves as the public hospital system of the county. The county appoints some of the members of the board of trustees.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wth.org/about-us/|title=About Us|publisher=West Tennessee Healthcare|accessdate=December 2, 2021}}</ref>

==Media==
This is the Madison County to which [[Kenny Rogers]] refers in his song "Reuben James".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chickensoup.com/book-story/23604/65-reuben-james|title=65: Reuben James {{!}} Chicken Soup for the Soul|date=July 2, 2014 |website=chickensoup.com|access-date=March 11, 2018}}</ref>

==Communities==
[[File:Madison County TN county line marker.jpg|thumb|right]]

===Cities===
* [[Humboldt, Tennessee|Humboldt]] (mostly in [[Gibson County, Tennessee]])
* [[Jackson, Tennessee|Jackson]] (county seat and largest city)
* [[Medon, Tennessee|Medon]] (partially in [[Hardeman County, Tennessee]])
* [[Three Way, Tennessee|Three Way]]

===Census-Designated Places===
* [[Beech Bluff, Tennessee|Beech Bluff]]
* [[Mercer, Tennessee|Mercer]] (partly in [[Haywood County, Tennessee]])
* [[Pinson, Tennessee|Pinson]]

===Unincorporated communities===
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Adair
* [[Beech Bluff, Tennessee|Beech Bluff]]
* [[Claybrook, Tennessee|Claybrook]]
* [[Denmark, Tennessee|Denmark]]
* [[Five Points, Madison County, Tennessee|Five Points]]
* [[Huntersville, Tennessee|Huntersville]]
* [[Leighton, Tennessee|Leighton]]
* [[Neely, Tennessee|Neely]]
* [[Oakfield, Tennessee|Oakfield]]
* [[Pinson, Tennessee|Pinson]]
* [[Spring Creek, Madison County, Tennessee|Spring Creek]]
{{div col end}}

==Education==
[[Jackson-Madison County School System]] is the public school district.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47113_madison/DC20SD_C47113.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47113_madison/DC20SD_C47113.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Madison County, TN|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 23, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st47_tn/schooldistrict_maps/c47113_madison/DC20SD_C47113_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

[[Lane College]] is a private historically Black college associated with the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church.

[[Union University]] is a private school affiliated with the Tennessee Baptist Convention.

[[West Tennessee School for the Deaf]] is a state-operated school in the county.

==See also==
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, Tennessee]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.madisoncountytn.gov/ Madison County official website]
* [http://www.tngenweb.org/madison Madison County, TNGenWeb] – free genealogy resources for the county

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Madison County, Tennessee
|North     = [[Gibson County, Tennessee|Gibson County]]
|Northeast = [[Carroll County, Tennessee|Carroll County]]
|East      = [[Henderson County, Tennessee|Henderson County]]
|Southeast = [[Chester County, Tennessee|Chester County]]
|South     = [[Hardeman County, Tennessee|Hardeman County]]
|Southwest =
|West      = [[Haywood County, Tennessee|Haywood County]]
|Northwest = [[Crockett County, Tennessee|Crockett County]]
}}

{{Madison County, Tennessee}}
{{Tennessee}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|35.61|-88.84|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-TN_source:UScensus1990}}

[[Category:Madison County, Tennessee| ]]
[[Category:1821 establishments in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1821]]
[[Category:Jackson metropolitan area, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Second Amendment sanctuaries in Tennessee]]
[[Category:West Tennessee]]