Editing Mackinaw City, Michigan

{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Mackinaw City, Michigan
| official_name            = Village of Mackinaw City
| settlement_type          = [[Village (United States)|Village]]
| image_skyline            = Mackinaw City, Michigan.jpg
| imagesize                = 275
| image_caption            = Downtown Mackinaw City looking north toward the [[Mackinac Bridge]]
| image_flag               = Flag of Mackinaw City, Michigan USA.svg
| pushpin_map              = Michigan#USA
| pushpin_label_position   = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_label            = Mackinaw City
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location within the state of Michigan##Location within the United States
| pushpin_mapsize          = 
| image_map                = Mackinaw City (CHeboygan and Emmet County), MI location 2020.png
| mapsize                  = 250
| map_caption              = Location within [[Emmet County, Michigan|Emmet County]] (left) and [[Cheboygan County, Michigan|Cheboygan County]] (right)
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_type1        = State
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Michigan|Counties]]
| subdivision_type3        = [[Civil township|Townships]]
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_name1        = [[Michigan]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Cheboygan County, Michigan|Cheboygan]] and [[Emmet County, Michigan|Emmet]]
| subdivision_name3        = [[Mackinaw Township, Michigan|Mackinaw]] and [[Wawatam Township, Michigan|Wawatam]]
| established_title        = Settled
| established_date         = 1673<br>1715 ([[Fort Michilimackinac]])
| established_title1       = [[Plat]]ted
| established_date1        = 1857
| established_title2       = Incorporated
| established_date2        = 1882
| government_type          = [[Town council|Village council]]
| leader_title             = President
| leader_name              = Scott Newman
| leader_title1            = [[Municipal clerk|Clerk]]
| leader_name1             = Lana Jaggi
| leader_title2            = [[City manager|Manager]]
| leader_name2             = Patrick Wyman
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{Cite web |title = 2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files |url = https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_26.txt |access-date = May 21, 2022 |publisher = United States Census Bureau }}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 19.83
| area_land_km2            = 8.92
| area_water_km2           = 10.91
| area_total_sq_mi         = 7.65
| area_land_sq_mi          = 3.44
| area_water_sq_mi         = 4.21
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est           = 
| pop_est_as_of            = 
| population_note          = 
| population_total         = 846
| population_density_km2   = 94.88
| population_density_sq_mi = 245.72
| timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset               = -5
| timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset_DST           = -4
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="GR3" />
| elevation_ft             = 597
| coordinates              = {{coord|45|47|02|N|84|43|40|W|region:US-MI|display=inline,title}}
| website                  = {{URL|http://www.mackinawcity.org}}
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code|ZIP code(s)]]
| postal_code              = 49701
| area_code                = [[Area code 231|231]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 26-50320<ref name="GR2">{{Cite web |title = U.S. Census website |url = https://www.census.gov |access-date = January 31, 2008 |publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] }}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 1620662<ref name="GR3">{{GNIS|1620662}}</ref>
| footnotes                = 
| pop_est_footnotes        = 
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| nickname                 = "The Tip of the [[Lower Peninsula of Michigan|Mitt]]"
}}
'''Mackinaw City''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|k|ə|n|ɔː}} {{respell|MAK|ə|naw}}) is a [[village]] at the northernmost point of the [[Lower Peninsula of Michigan|Lower Peninsula]] of [[Michigan]], United States. Divided between [[Cheboygan County, Michigan|Cheboygan]] and [[Emmet County, Michigan|Emmet]] counties, Mackinaw City is located at the southern end of the [[Mackinac Bridge]], which carries [[Interstate 75 in Michigan|Interstate 75]] over the [[Straits of Mackinac]] to [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]], in the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula]]. Mackinaw City and St. Ignace also serve as access points for [[Ferry|ferries]] to and from [[Mackinac Island]]. For these reasons, Mackinaw City is considered one of Michigan's most popular [[Tourist attraction|tourist attractions]].<ref>Following are: [[Traverse City, Michigan|Traverse City]], [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]], [[Frankenmuth, Michigan|Frankenmuth]] [[Birch Run, Michigan|/Birch Run]], [[Boyne Mountain]], [[Dearborn, Michigan|Dearborn]]/[[The Henry Ford]] (also known as the Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village), [[Munising, Michigan|Munising]], [[Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan|Sault Sainte Marie]], [[Dundee, Michigan|Dundee]], [[Saugatuck, Michigan|Saugatuck]]/[[Douglas, Michigan|Douglas]] and [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]]. [http://media.aaamichigan.com/news/travel/memorialday+travel+aaa.htm 2009 Memorial Day driving, AAA Michigan Triptik requests.]</ref>

The Mackinaw City area is home to a number of historic sites, including [[Fort Michilimackinac]], [[Historic Mill Creek State Park]], [[Old Mackinac Point Light]], [[McGulpin Point Light]], and the [[USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83)|retired US Coast Guard Icebreaker ''Mackinaw'']].[[File:Mackinac Bridge from Mackinaw City.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mackinac Bridge]] viewed from [[Fort Michilimackinac State Park]]]]

==History==
{{see also|History of Northern Michigan}}

=== Etymology and early settlement ===
The name of Mackinaw is a respelling of "Mackinac", a strait between [[Lake Huron]] and [[Lake Michigan]], an island in the strait, and an important trading-post on the island; ultimately from [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] '''mishinii-makinaang''' (“at the place of many snapping turtles”).<ref>Wiktionary, ''Mackinaw'', https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mackinaw</ref>

The predominant historic tribes in this area were three [[Algonquian peoples]], known collectively as the [[Council of Three Fires]]: [[Ojibwe]] (Chippewa), Ottawa ([[Odawa people|Odawa]]), and [[Potawatomi]] at the time of French contact in the 17th century. These peoples had long frequented the surrounding region, which they called [[Michilimackinac]], to fish, hunt, trade, and worship. [[Mackinac Island]] in the straits appeared to have the shape of a [[turtle]]. The [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] here had a creation myth based on the sacred turtle. The Straits of Mackinac was the center of two routes vital to the [[fur trade]]: one to [[Montreal]] in the east, by way of [[Lake Nipissing]] and the [[Ottawa River]] valley; and the other to [[Detroit]] in the south via Lakes [[Lake Huron|Huron]] and [[Lake St. Clair (North America)|St. Clair]].

===European exploration and Fort Michilimackinac===
The first European to pass the site of Mackinaw City was [[Jean Nicolet]], sent out from [[Quebec City]] by [[Samuel Champlain]] in 1633 to explore and map the western [[Great Lakes]], and to establish new contacts and trading partnerships with the Indian tribes of the region.<ref>Fischer, David Hackett. ''Champlain's Dream'' (2008) p.503</ref> His reports resulted in the French government providing funds to send settlers, missionaries, traders, and soldiers to the Great Lakes region. [[Catholic Priest|Father]] [[Jacques Marquette]] had established a mission on Mackinac Island in 1671 (which was shortly thereafter moved to [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]] on the Michigan peninsula, where it remained active until 1705). The construction of Fort de Buade at St. Ignace in 1681 was an attempt by the authorities of [[New France]] to establish a military presence at the Straits, but it closed in 1697.<ref>Walter Romig, ''Michigan Place Names'', p. 204</ref>

Mackinaw City's first European settlement came in 1715 when the French built [[Fort Michilimackinac]]. They lost it to the British during the Seven Years' War, and the British abandoned the fort in 1783, after the [[American Revolutionary War]] resulted in independence of its Thirteen Colonies. The site of the fort in present-day Mackinaw City is a [[National Historic Landmark]] and is now preserved as an open-air historical museum. As with the forts at other settlements of the era and region such as Detroit, Michilimackinac was a fairly small post. It housed French civilians inside the fort, and allowed them to garden, hunt, and fish outside the walls. It was a trading post for the fur trade.

At the end of the [[French and Indian War]] (1754–1763), the [[United Kingdom|British]] took possession of the fort, but continued to allow the [[French people|French]] civilians to live within the walls, as they had good relations with the Odawa and Ojibwe for the fur trade. As a part of [[Pontiac's Rebellion]], [[Chippewa]] and [[Meskwaki]] warriors captured the fort on June 2, 1763, in a surprise attack during a game of ''baggatiway'' or [[lacrosse]]; the British at the fort were taken prisoner and mostly killed.

Europeans, in the form of French and Scots-Irish traders from Detroit and elsewhere, did not return until the following spring, with the understanding that they would trade more fairly with the Native Americans. The British abandoned the vulnerable site on the mainland during the [[American Revolutionary War]]; from 1779 to 1781, the troops moved the fort, including its buildings, to Mackinac Island, where they established [[Fort Mackinac]]. What the British did not take with them, they burned; that way they could prevent the American rebels from using Michilimackinac as a base.

===Mackinaw City from mid-19th century to present===
[[File:Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse 4572.jpg|thumb|right|Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse]]
[[File:McGulpin Point Light (July 2018).jpg|thumb|right|McGulpin Point Light]]
In 1857, two men by the names of Conkling and Searles planned what would become Mackinaw City. The original plan reserved the northern portion as a park, to preserve the area that was once Fort Michilimackinac and to accommodate a hoped-for [[lighthouse]]. This was not built for nearly a generation after the land was set aside.

During the second half of the 1800s, the Mackinaw area (and [[northern Michigan]] in general) saw an increase in summer resort tourism. In 1875, [[Mackinac National Park]] became the second National Park in the United States after [[Yellowstone National Park]] in the [[Rocky Mountains]].

[[Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse]] began operation in 1889 and the adjacent Fog Signal Building was built in 1906. This lighthouse, which operated until 1957, would eventually replace McGulpin Point Light, which operated between 1869 and 1906, at its location in the far western end of the village limits, with the current address of 500 Headlands Road.<ref>{{Cite web |date = January 10, 2022 |title = Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse |url = https://www.michigan.org/property/old-mackinac-point-lighthouse |access-date = November 5, 2022 |website = Pure Michigan |language = en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = McGulpin Point Lighthouse |url = https://www.emmetcounty.org/parks-recreation/mcgulpin-point-lighthouse/ |access-date = November 5, 2022 |website = Emmet County |language = en }}</ref>

The village became a vital port for [[train ferry|train ferries]] crossing the Straits beginning in the 1890s, and later, for ferries for [[automobiles]]. In the 1890s, Mackinaw had one newspaper, the ''Mackinaw Witness'', published weekly by Presbyterian missionary Rev. [[George Warren Wood|G. W. Wood, Jr.]]<ref>{{Cite book |last = Rowell |first = George |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=vWQ3AQAAMAAJ&q=%22G+W+Wood%22+%22Sunday+School%22+michigan&pg=PA377 |title = Rowell's American Newspaper Directory |date = 1893 |publisher = Geo P. Rowell & Company |location = New York |page = 377 |quote = "Mackinaw City, Cheboygan County"... "WITNESS: Saturdays; four pages 16x22; subscription $1.50; established 1892; Rev. G. W. Wood, editor and publisher." |access-date = May 31, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last = Donaldson |first = W. H. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JPkyAQAAMAAJ&q=%22G.+W.+Wood%22+editor&pg=PA167 |title = The Donaldson, Guide: Containing a List of All Opera-houses in the United States and Canada |date = 1894 |publisher = Donaldson |location = Cincinnati, OH |page = 167 |quote = "Newspaper – Witness, Rev. G.w. Wood, editor" |access-date = May 31, 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last = Clark |first = C.F. |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5AcdAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Mackinaw+Witness%22+George+warren+wood&pg=PA1138 |title = Michigan State Gazetteer and Business Directory for 1897 (Volume 13) |date = 1897 |publisher = R.L Polk & Co. |location = Detroit |page = 1138 |quote = "[Mackinaw] has a weekly newspaper, The Mackinaw Witness" ... "George H. Wood, publr... Wood, Rev George W (Presbyterian) |access-date = May 10, 2016 }}</ref>

Auto ferries began running in the early 1900s. [[Camping]] began in [[Michilimackinac State Park]] in 1907.

When the Mackinac Bridge was completed in 1957, the Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse was decommissioned immediately thereafter. At the same time, a grant was provided to the [[Mackinac Island State Park Commission]], which owned the property at the Bridge's southern terminus, to begin archeological excavations of the Michilimackinac ruins. Ultimately, a reconstruction of the fort to its 1770s appearance would be constructed.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Mackinac State Historic Parks |url = http://www.mackinacparks.com/ |website = mackinacparks.com }}</ref>

Auto ferries, which had been running since the early 1900s, ended in 1957 after the completion of the [[Mackinac Bridge]].

Train ferries crossed the Straits until 1984. Mackinaw City remains an important port city for tourists traveling by passenger [[ferry boat]] to Mackinac Island using Shepler's ferry company, and Star Line services.

Through the course of time, the main industry of Mackinaw City became almost strictly tourist-oriented, with other major sources of employment being civic services such as mail, police, firefighting, schooling, and so on. [[Camping]], which began in Michilimackinac State Park in 1907, was halted in 1971 as a Maritime Park was opened in 1972 around the lighthouse. This park was shut down in 1990, but Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse was opened to the public in 2004. [[Historic Mill Creek State Park|Mill Creek State Park]], which includes the area believed to be where Mill Creek's [[sawmill]] once flourished when [[Mackinac Island]] was being settled, is located about five miles (8&nbsp;km) southeast of the village along [[U.S. Route 23 in Michigan|U.S. Highway 23]] (US&nbsp;23).

==Geography==
[[File:Mackinaw City, Michigan post office.jpg|thumb|right|U.S. Post Office in Mackinaw City]]
[[File:Mackinaw City, Michigan municipal building.jpg|thumb|right|Mackinaw City Municipal Building]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the village has a total area of {{convert|7.65|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|3.44|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|4.21|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020"/>

The village of Mackinaw City includes the northernmost point of Michigan's [[Lower Peninsula of Michigan|Lower Peninsula]]. It lies along the [[Straits of Mackinac]], and thus contains shorelines on both [[Lake Huron]] and [[Lake Michigan]].

The southern approach of the [[Mackinac Bridge]] is located within Mackinaw City, bisecting the village. 

===Climate===
This [[climate|climatic]] region has large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters.  According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Mackinaw City has a [[humid continental climate]], abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Mackinaw City, Michigan Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=502&cityname=Mackinaw+City%2C+Michigan%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |website = Weatherbase }}</ref>
{{Weather box
| location = Mackinaw City, Michigan
| single line = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| Jan high F = 27
| Feb high F = 31
| Mar high F = 41
| Apr high F = 55
| May high F = 68
| Jun high F = 77
| Jul high F = 81
| Aug high F = 79
| Sep high F = 70
| Oct high F = 58
| Nov high F = 44
| Dec high F = 32
| year high F = 55
| Jan low F = 5
| Feb low F = 5
| Mar low F = 15
| Apr low F = 27
| May low F = 38
| Jun low F = 47
| Jul low F = 52
| Aug low F = 50
| Sep low F = 42
| Oct low F = 32
| Nov low F = 24
| Dec low F = 13
| year low F = 29
| Jan precipitation inch = 1.8
| Feb precipitation inch = 1.3
| Mar precipitation inch = 2.1
| Apr precipitation inch = 2.3
| May precipitation inch = 2.5
| Jun precipitation inch = 3.3
| Jul precipitation inch = 3.4
| Aug precipitation inch = 3.8
| Sep precipitation inch = 3.5
| Oct precipitation inch = 2.4
| Nov precipitation inch = 2.2
| Dec precipitation inch = 1.9
| year precipitation inch = 30.4
| source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name="Weatherbase">{{Cite web |year = 2013 |title = Weatherbase.com |url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=502&cityname=Mackinaw+City%2C+Michigan%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |publisher = Weatherbase }}
Retrieved on August 27, 2013.</ref>
| date = August 2013
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1890 = 333
| 1900 = 564
| 1910 = 697
| 1920 = 679
| 1930 = 875
| 1940 = 922
| 1950 = 970
| 1960 = 934
| 1970 = 810
| 1980 = 820
| 1990 = 875
| 2000 = 859
| 2010 = 806
| 2020 = 846
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{Cite web |title = Census of Population and Housing |url = https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html |access-date = June 4, 2015 |publisher = Census.gov }}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{Cite web |title = U.S. Census website |url = https://www.census.gov |access-date = November 25, 2012 |publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]] }}</ref> of 2010, there were 806 people, 413 households, and 206 families residing in the village. The [[population density]] was {{convert|238.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 814 housing units at an average density of {{convert|240.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the village was 87.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 5.3% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.1% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.4% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.4% of the population.

There were 413 households, of which 18.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.1% were non-families. 41.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.62.

The median age in the village was 49.5 years. 16.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.5% were from 25 to 44; 31.1% were from 45 to 64; and 24.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 45.2% male and 54.8% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2"/> of 2000, there were 859 people, 404 households, and 244 families residing in the village. The population density was {{convert|255.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 630 housing units at an average density of {{convert|187.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the village was 93.02% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.12% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 4.54% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.12% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 2.21% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.81% of the population.

There were 404 households, out of which 21.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.6% were non-families. 34.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12 and the average family size was 2.67.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 30.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $37,031, and the median income for a family was [[US dollar|$]]43,125. Males had a median income of $31,771 versus $30,125 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $18,725. About 7.5% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.

==Transportation==
===Major highways===
*{{jct|state=MI|I|75}} is a major north–south freeway running the length of the state. From the [[Ohio]] border just north of [[Toledo, Ohio|Toledo]], it proceeds northerly via [[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]], [[Flint, Michigan|Flint]], [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]], and [[Grayling, Michigan|Grayling]], crosses the [[Mackinac Bridge]] after passing through the village and continues on to the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula]] and [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Ste. Marie]].
*{{jct|state=MI|US|23}} has its northern terminus in the village. It is designated as the "Sunrise Side Coastal Highway", and follows the [[Lake Huron]] shoreline south toward [[Cheboygan, Michigan|Cheboygan]] and [[Alpena, Michigan|Alpena]].
*{{jct|state=MI|US|31}} ends at I-75 {{convert|4|mi|km|spell=in}} south of the village, continuing southerly toward along the [[Lake Michigan]] coast toward [[Petoskey, Michigan|Petoskey]], [[Traverse City, Michigan|Traverse City]] and [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]].
*{{jct|state=MI|CDH|C-81|county1=Emmet}} is a County-Designated Highway running southerly toward [[Harbor Springs, Michigan|Harbor Springs]] and [[Petoskey, Michigan|Petoskey]].

===Ferry service===
[[File:The Sheppler ferry dock, Mackinaw City, Michigan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Shepler's Ferry]] dock]]
Two ferry companies operate out of Mackinaw City, connecting tourists and commuters to [[Mackinac Island]]: [[Shepler's Ferry]] and [[Star Line Ferry]].

===Bus service===
[[Indian Trails]] provides daily intercity bus service between [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]] and [[East Lansing, Michigan]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2013 |title=East Lansing–Petoskey–St. Ignace |url=http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1488.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629095410/http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1488.pdf |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |access-date=February 27, 2013 |publisher=[[Indian Trails]]}}</ref> and between St. Ignace and [[Bay City, Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Bay City–Alpena–Cheboygan–St. Ignace |url=http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1485.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724154150/http://www.indiantrails.com/sites/default/files/1485.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=February 28, 2013 |publisher=Indian Trails}}</ref> Transfer between the lines is possible in Mackinaw City.

===Railways===
The New York Central's [[Michigan Central]] subsidiary, the Pennsylvania Railroad's [[Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad]] subsidiary, and other rail lines provided passenger traffic on [[passenger trains|trains]] such as the ''[[Northern Arrow]]'' to Mackinaw City. After the creation of the [[Penn Central]] in 1968, rail traffic diminished and the rail infrastructure deteriorated. The state invested greatly into the failing railways and established the [[Michigan Northern Railway]] to operate passenger and freight operations in the early 1980s. Despite sizable patronage, passenger services, as well as freight, operated in the red, prompting the state government to reassess its commitment to operations of the Michigan Northern Railway. All subsidies terminated in 1984, and the lines were sold to [[CSX Transportation]] in 1987. It dismantled the tracks shortly thereafter.<ref>{{Schwieterman-Leaves-Eastern|pages=139–143}}</ref>

The former Michigan Central line to Mackinaw City was improved under the [[Rails to Trails program]]. It was rededicated in 2008 as the [[North Central State Trail]], providing a public right-of-way from Mackinaw City to [[Gaylord, Michigan|Gaylord]].

===Air===
The nearest airports with scheduled passenger service are in [[Pellston Regional Airport]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pellston Regional Airport Serving Northern Michigan Emmet County |url=http://www.pellstonairport.com/ |website=pellstonairport.com}}</ref> [[Cherry Capital Airport]] in Traverse City, and [[Alpena County Regional Airport]] in the Lower Peninsula and [[Chippewa County International Airport]] south of [[Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan|Sault Ste. Marie]], in the eastern Upper Peninsula.

== Government ==
The official name of the community is "The Village of Mackinaw City" and as that suggests, it is a village by state law. Mackinaw City is governed by the General Law Village Act, Public Act No. 3, of 1895, as amended.<ref name="MacCityWebsiteGovt">{{Cite web |title=Government – Village of Mackinaw City |url=http://www.mackinawcity.org/government-9/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523015750/http://www.mackinawcity.org/government-9/ |archive-date=May 23, 2013 |access-date=April 27, 2013 |publisher=The Village of Mackinaw City}}</ref> The downtown district and much of the development lie within [[Mackinaw Township, Michigan|Mackinaw Township]], Cheboygan County, but the larger portion of the village by area is in [[Wawatam Township, Michigan|Wawatam Township]], Emmet County, which borders Mackinaw Township to the west.

==Education==
[[Mackinaw City Public Schools]] provides Mackinaw City students with education. The town’s two schools, the elementary school (grades K-5) and the junior-senior high school (grades 6–12), are located in the same building.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Mackinaw City Public School – Home of the Comets! |url = https://mackcity.k12.mi.us/ |access-date = November 5, 2022 |website = mackcity.k12.mi.us |language = en-US }}</ref>

==Religious affiliations==
Mackinaw City is within the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Gaylord]] and the [[Episcopal Diocese of Eastern Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title = The Diocese of Gaylord, Michigan : A Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church – Diocese of Gaylord |url = http://www.dioceseofgaylord.org/ |website = dioceseofgaylord.org }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title = Episcopal Asset Map |url = https://www.episcopalassetmap.org/dioceses/diocese-eastern-michigan |website = episcopalassetmap.org/dioceses/diocese-eastern-michigan }}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Mackinaw City, Michigan}}
{{wikivoyage|Mackinaw City}}
*[http://www.mackinawcity.com/ Mackinaw City] at [[Pure Michigan]]
*[http://www.mackinawcity.org/ Village of Mackinaw City Municipal Website]
*[http://www.mackinawcity.net/ Mackinaw Chamber of Tourism]
*[http://www.mackinawchamber.com/ Mackinaw area Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.mackinaw-city.com/ Mackinaw City Area Visitor Information and Lodging]
*[http://www.mackinawcity-mi.com/ Mackinaw City Mi Information]

{{Cheboygan County, Michigan}}
{{Emmet County, Michigan}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in Emmet County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Villages in Michigan]]
[[Category:Villages in Cheboygan County, Michigan]]
[[Category:Populated places on Lake Huron in the United States]]
[[Category:Michigan populated places on Lake Michigan]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1715]]