Editing Lysithea (moon)

{{Short description|Outer moon of Jupiter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
 | name            = Lysithea
 | image           = Lysithea 2MASS JHK color composite.png
 | caption         = [[Near-infrared]] photograph of Lysithea (center) by the [[2MASS]] survey
 |pronounced       = {{IPAc-en|l|aɪ|ˈ|s|ɪ|θ|i|ə}}<ref>{{Dict.com|Lysithea}}</ref><ref>Cf. also 'Lysithous' in Noah Webster (1884) ''A Practical Dictionary of the English Language''</ref>
 |adjective        = Lysithean {{IPAc-en|l|aɪ|ˈ|s|ɪ|θ|i<!--short 'e' in Latin-->|ə|n}}<ref>Yenne (1987) ''The Atlas of the Solar System''.</ref>
 |named_after      = [[Lysithea (mythology)|Λυσιθέα]] ''Lysithea''
 | mpc_name        = Jupiter X
 | alt_names       = 
 | discovery_ref   = &thinsp;<ref name="Nicholson1938"/>
 | discoverer      = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|Seth B. Nicholson]]
 | discovery_site  = [[Mount Wilson Observatory|Mt. Wilson Observatory]]
 | discovered      = 6 July 1938
 | earliest_precovery_date = 
 | satellite_of    = [[Jupiter]]
 | group           = [[Himalia group]]
 | orbit_ref       = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC115890"/>
 | epoch           = 27 April 2019 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458600.5)
 | observation_arc = 79.87 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (29,171 days)
 | semimajor       = {{cvt|0.0782144|AU|km|lk=in}}
 | eccentricity    = 0.1478734
 | period          = +258.57 d
 | mean_anomaly    = 27.18992[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|1.39228522|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 26.29254° (to [[ecliptic]])
 | asc_node        = 343.46495°
 | arg_peri        = 94.80010°
 | mean_diameter   = {{val|42.2|0.7|u=km}} ([[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer|WISE]])<ref name="Grav2015"/><br/>{{val|42.2|3|u=km}} ([[occultation]])<ref name="JOA2021-2"/>{{rp|page=6}}
 | mass            = 
 | density         = <!-- assumed density of 2.6 g/cm3 from JPL -->
 | surface_grav    = 
 | escape_velocity = 
 | rotation        = {{val|12.78|0.10|ul=h}}<ref name="Luu1991"/>
 | albedo          = {{val|0.036|0.006}}<ref name="Grav2015"/>
 | magnitude       = 18.2<ref name="SheppardMoons"/>
 | abs_magnitude   = 11.2<ref name="MPC115890"/>
 | spectral_type   = [[C-type asteroid|C]]/[[P-type asteroid|P]]<ref name="Grav2015"/>
}}

'''Lysithea''' {{IPAc-en|l|aɪ|ˈ|s|ɪ|θ|i|ə}} is a [[Retrograde motion|prograde]] [[irregular satellite]] of [[Jupiter]]. It was discovered by [[Seth Barnes Nicholson]] in 1938 at [[Mount Wilson Observatory]]<ref name="Nicholson1938"/> and is named after the mythological [[Lysithea (mythology)|Lysithea]], daughter of [[Oceanus]] and one of [[Zeus]]' lovers.<ref name="IAUC 2846">{{cite web |last=Marsden |first=Brian G. |title=Satellites of Jupiter |publisher= [[International Astronomical Union]] |date=1975-10-07 |url=http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/02800/02846.html}}</ref>

Lysithea did not receive its present name until 1975; before then, it was simply known as '''{{nowrap|Jupiter X}}'''. It was sometimes called "[[Demeter]]"<ref name="Gaposchkin">{{cite book| last=Payne-Gaposchkin|first=Cecilia|author2=Katherine Haramundanis |title=Introduction to Astronomy|date=1970|publisher=[[Prentice-Hall]]|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.|isbn=0-13-478107-4}}</ref> from 1955 to 1975.

It belongs to the [[Himalia group]], moons orbiting between 11 and 13&nbsp;[[gigametre|Gm]] from Jupiter at an inclination of about 28.3°.<ref name="Jacobson 2000">{{cite journal |last=Jacobson |first=R.A. |title=The orbits of outer Jovian satellites |journal=Astronomical Journal |date=2000 |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=2679–2686 |doi=10.1086/316817 |bibcode=2000AJ....120.2679J|s2cid=120372170 |url=https://trs.jpl.nasa.gov/bitstream/2014/15175/1/00-1187.pdf }}</ref> Its orbital elements are as of January 2000. They are continuously changing due to [[Sun|solar]] and planetary perturbations. It is gray{{Failed verification|date=January 2025}} in color (B−V=0.72, V−R=0.36, V−I=0.74) and intermediate between C-type and P-type asteroids.<ref name="Grav2003">{{cite journal|last=Grav|first=Tommy|title=Photometric survey of the irregular satellites|journal=Icarus|volume=166|issue=1|date=2003|pages=33–45|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2003.07.005|author2=Holman, M. J.|author3= Gladman, B. J.|author4= Aksnes, K.|bibcode=2003Icar..166...33G|arxiv = astro-ph/0301016 |s2cid=7793999}}</ref><ref name="Grav2015"/>

[[File:Lysithea-WISE.gif|thumb|left|upright|Lysithea observed by the [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] (WISE) spacecraft in 2014]]

{{clear|left}}

==See also==
*[[Irregular satellite]]s
*[[Jupiter's moons in fiction]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="MPC115890">{{cite web
  |title      = M.P.C. 115890
  |url        = https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2019/MPC_20190827.pdf
  |work       = Minor Planet Circular
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 27 August 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="SheppardMoons">{{cite web
  |title      = Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons
  |url        = https://sites.google.com/carnegiescience.edu/sheppard/moons/jupitermoons
  |last       = Sheppard |first = Scott
  |work       = Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 
  |publisher  = Carnegie Institution for Science
  |access-date = 26 November 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Nicholson1938">{{cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=S. B. |title=Two New Satellites of Jupiter |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |date=October 1938 |volume=50 |issue=297 |pages=292–293 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0050//0000292.000.html |doi=10.1086/124963 |bibcode=1938PASP...50..292N|s2cid=120216615 }}</ref>

<ref name="Luu1991">{{cite journal
  |first      = Jane |last = Luu
  |date       = September 1991
  |title      = CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites
  |journal    = Astronomical Journal
  |volume     = 102
  |pages      = 1213–1225
  |issn       = 0004-6256
  |doi        = 10.1086/115949
  |bibcode    = 1991AJ....102.1213L}}</ref>

<ref name="Grav2015">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = etal
  |first1 = T. |last1 = Grav
  |first2 = J. M. |last2 = Bauer
  |first3 = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
  |first4 = J. R. |last4 = Masiero
  |first5 = C. R. |last5 = Nugent
  |first6 = R. M. |last6 = Cutri
  |title      = NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
  |url        = https://authors.library.caltech.edu/61254/1/Grav_2015.pdf
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |date       = August 2015
  |volume     = 809
  |issue      = 1
  |id         = 3
  |pages      = 9
  |doi-access = free
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3
  |arxiv      = 1505.07820
  |bibcode    = 2015ApJ...809....3G
  |s2cid      = 5834661}}</ref>

<ref name="JOA2021-2">{{cite journal
  |first1 = A. R. |last1 = Gomes-Júnior
  |title      = The Irregular Satellites of the Giant Planets
  |url        = https://iota-es.de/JOA/JOA2021_2.pdf
  |journal    = Journal for Occultation Astronomy
  |date       = April 2021
  |volume     = 11
  |issue      = 2
  |pages      = 3–9
  |bibcode    = 2021JOA....11b...3G}}</ref>

}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160316194648/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/lysithea Lysithea: Overview] by [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901072706/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~jewitt/irregulars.html David Jewitt pages]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150318034833/http://home.dtm.ciw.edu/users/sheppard/satellites/jupsatdata.html Jupiter's Known Satellites] (by [[Scott S. Sheppard]])

{{Moons of Jupiter}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Lysithea (Moon)}}
[[Category:Himalia group]]
[[Category:Moons of Jupiter]]
[[Category:Irregular satellites]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1938|19380706]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Seth B. Nicholson]]
[[Category:Moons with a prograde orbit]]