Editing Lumpkin, Georgia

{{distinguish|Lumpkin County, Georgia}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
 | name                     = Lumpkin, Georgia
 | nickname                 = 
 | settlement_type          = [[City]]
 | motto                    = 
<!-- images and maps  ----------->
 | image_skyline            = Stewart County Courthouse in Lumpkin, Georgia, USA, July 2008.jpg
 | image_caption            = Stewart County Courthouse in Lumpkin
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 | image_map                = Stewart_County_Georgia_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Lumpkin_Highlighted.svg
 | map_caption              = Location within [[Stewart County, Georgia|Stewart County]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
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<!-- Location ------------------>
 | subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
 | subdivision_name         = United States
 | subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
 | subdivision_name1        = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
 | subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)|County]]
 | subdivision_name2        = [[Stewart County, Georgia|Stewart]]
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 | established_title        = <!-- Settled -->
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 | established_title2       = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
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 | established_title3       = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
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<!-- Area    --------------------->
 | unit_pref                = Imperial
 | area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_13.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 18, 2021}}</ref>
 | area_total_km2           = 4.14
 | area_land_km2            = 4.10
 | area_water_km2           = 0.04
 | area_total_sq_mi         = 1.60
 | area_land_sq_mi          = 1.58
 | area_water_sq_mi         = 0.02
 | area_water_percent       = 
<!-- Population   ----------------------->
 | population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
 | population_footnotes     = 
 | population_note          = 
 | population_total         = 891
 | pop_est_as_of            = 
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 | population_est           = 
 | population_density_km2   = 217.50
 | population_density_sq_mi = 563.21
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<!-- General information  --------------->
 | timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
 | utc_offset               = -5
 | timezone_DST             = EDT
 | utc_offset_DST           = -4
 | coordinates              = {{coord|32|2|59|N|84|47|45|W|region:US-GA|display=inline,title}}
 | elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use <ref> tags-->
 | elevation_m              = 183
 | elevation_ft             = 600
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
 | postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
 | postal_code              = 31815
 | area_code                = [[Area code 229|229]]
 | blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
 | blank_info               = 13-47980<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
 | blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
 | blank1_info              = 0317484<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
 | website                  = {{URL|http://cityoflumpkin.org/}}
}}

'''Lumpkin''' is a city and [[county seat]] of [[Stewart County, Georgia]], United States. Per the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 891.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lumpkin city, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US1347980|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 15, 2022}}</ref>

==History==
This area of Georgia was inhabited by succeeding cultures of indigenous [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] for thousands of years before European contact. Historical tribes included the [[Cherokee]], [[Choctaw]] and [[Muscogee (Creek)|Creek]], who encountered European Americans as their settlements moved into traditional territory. During the [[Indian removal]] of 1830, the United States government forced such tribes to move west of the Mississippi River to [[Indian Territory]], to extinguish their claims and make way for more European-American settlement.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

Lumpkin was incorporated by European Americans on March 30, 1829. First named the [[county seat]] of [[Randolph County, Georgia|Randolph County]] on December 2, 1830, it became the seat of Stewart County when the latter was split from Randolph three weeks later. The city was named in honor of [[Wilson Lumpkin]], a two-term [[governor of Georgia]] and legislator who supported Indian removal.  [[Lumpkin County|His namesake county]] is at the northern end of the state.<ref name="Matthew M. Moye, Lumpkin">[http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2255 Matthew M. Moye, "Lumpkin"], ''New Georgia Encyclopedia'', 17 Dec 2006, accessed 7 Jan 2009</ref>

The town grew as a commercial center served by stagecoach. Its merchants traded with the planters in the area. This was part of the [[Black Belt (geological formation)|Black Belt]], named for the fertile land in the upland South that supported extensive [[cotton]] [[plantations in the American South|plantations]] in the 19th century. In the antebellum years, planters depended on the labor and skills of hundreds of thousands of [[slavery|enslaved]] [[African Americans]] to cultivate and process the cotton for market.<ref name="Matthew M. Moye, Lumpkin"/>

After the war, many [[freedmen]] stayed in the area as [[sharecroppers]] and tenant farmers, and the economy continued to depend on agriculture. With land erosion and depletion, cotton farming gave way to peanut and pine tree cultivation, and labor needs decreased. The population of the county dropped markedly from the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] of blacks to industrial jobs in the [[Northern United States|North]] and [[Midwest]] in the early decades of the 20th century, but the town of Lumpkin remained relatively stable. The county is still quite rural.<ref name="Matthew M. Moye, Lumpkin"/>

Lumpkin was the first small town in Georgia to complete a successful [[historic preservation]] project to encourage what has become known as [[heritage tourism]]. It restored the [[Bedingfield Inn]], built in 1836 and located on the central square. It is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

On December 5, 1954, a destructive [[Tornado outbreak of December 5, 1954#Howe, Alabama/Lumpkin–Ellaville, Georgia|F2 tornado]] hit the northwest side of town, killing one and injuring 20.<ref name="Lumpkin4">{{cite web |title=Georgia Event Report: F2 Tornado |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=10000301 |website=NCDC |publisher=National Climatic Data Center |access-date=4 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Grazulis">{{cite book |last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |author-link1=Thomas P. Grazulis |title=Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events |date=July 1993 |publisher=The Tornado Project of Environmental Films |location=[[St. Johnsbury, Vermont]] |isbn=1-879362-03-1 |page=983 }}</ref>

In the 1960s, a group of citizens created a [[living history]] complex known as [[Westville, Georgia|Westville]]. They relocated 30 historic structures to create a grouping of western Georgia architecture as would have been found in an 1850s working village. Some of the buildings were purchased from the collection of [[John Word West]] established in 1928 in [[Jonesboro, Georgia]]. The village, staffed by volunteers to give the sense of daily life, has since moved to [[Columbus, Georgia]].<ref name="Matthew M. Moye, Lumpkin"/>

The nearby private [[Stewart Detention Center]] houses federal detainees for the [[U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement]]. The facility is owned and run by [[CoreCivic]]. In 2011 Stewart ranked as the largest and busiest such facility in the United States. Stewart County's share of revenue from the federal government, 85 cents per inmate per day, amounted to more than half of the county's entire annual budget.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Redmon|first1=Jeremy|title=Georgia deportation jail largest in nation|url=http://www.ajc.com/news/news/local/georgia-deportation-jail-largest-in-nation/nQpkZ/|access-date=1 August 2016|publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution|date=17 Jan 2011}}</ref> It was removed from the 2020 U.S. Census geography for Lumpkin city hence the decline in population.

==Geography==
Lumpkin is located at {{Coord|32.049638|-84.795859|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}}.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> [[U.S. Route 27 in Georgia|U.S. Route 27]] passes west of the city, leading north {{convert|37|mi|km}} to [[Columbus, Georgia|Columbus]] and south {{convert|132|mi|km}} to [[Tallahassee, Florida]]. [[Georgia State Route 27]] also passes through the city, leading southwest {{convert|24|mi|km}} to [[Georgetown, Quitman County, Georgia|Georgetown]] on the [[Alabama]] state line and east {{convert|9|mi|km}} to [[Richland, Georgia|Richland]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.6|mi2|km2}}, of which {{convert|1.6|mi2|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.04|mi2|km2}} (1.25%) is water.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 765
|1870= 778
|1880= 747
|1900= 1470
|1910= 1140
|1920= 934
|1930= 1103
|1940= 1210
|1950= 1209
|1960= 1348
|1970= 1431
|1980= 1335
|1990= 1250
|2000= 1369
|2010= 2741
|2020= 891
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decade|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 1850-1870<ref name=1870CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1870 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1870|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1870/population/1870a-13.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref> 1870-1880<ref name=1880CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1880 Census of Population - Georgia - Population of Civil Divisions less than Counties |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1880|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1880/vol-01-population/1880_v1-09.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref><br> 1890-1910<ref name=1910CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1910 Census of Population - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1910|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-ga.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|page=}}</ref> 1920-1930<ref name=1930CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1930 Census of Population - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1930|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/03815512v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=|pages=251–256}}</ref><br> 1940<ref name=1940CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1940 Census of Population - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1940|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch04.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1950<ref name=1950CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1950 Census of Population - Georgia |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1950|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-2/37779083v2p11ch2.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1960<ref name=1960CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1960 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1960|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/vol-01-12-c.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref><br> 1970<ref name=1970CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1970 Census of Population - Population of County Subdivisions - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1970|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1970a_ga-01.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1980<ref name=1980CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1980|url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_gaABC-01.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 1990<ref name=1990CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 1990 Census of Population - Summary Social, Economic, and Housing Characteristics - Georgia |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 1990|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cph-5/cph-5-12.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref><br> 2000<ref name=2000CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 2000 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 2000|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-12.pdf |accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusGA>{{Cite web|first= |last= |authorlink=   |title= 2010 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia  |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|date= 2010|url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-12.pdf|accessdate=|archive-url=| archive-date=}}</ref> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Lumpkin city, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Lumpkin city, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1347980&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Lumpkin city, Georgia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=1600000US1347980&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|396
|246
|14.45%
|27.61%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|893
|599
|32.58%
|67.23%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|5
|6
|0.18%
|0.67%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|28
|0
|1.02%
|0.00%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|0
|1
|0.00%
|0.11%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|9
|3
|0.33%
|0.34%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|10
|20
|0.36%
|2.24%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|1,400
|16
|51.08%
|1.80%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''2,741'''
|'''891'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}

At the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 1,369 people, 552 households, and 367 families residing in the city; by 2020, its population declined to 891.<ref name="2020CensusP2" />

==Government==
The current mayor of Lumpkin is Jimmy Babb. Charles Gibson, his predecessor, elected in 2010, was the first African-American elected to this office.

==Education==
The [[Stewart County School District]] holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of an elementary school, middle school, and high school.<ref>[http://public.doe.k12.ga.us/ReportingFW.aspx?PageReq=111&PID=62&PTID=69&CountyId=728&T=0&FY=2008 Georgia Board of Education]{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Retrieved June 26, 2010.</ref> The district has 58 full-time teachers and over 704 students.<ref>[http://www.school-stats.com/GA/STEWART/STEWART_COUNTY.html School Stats], Retrieved June 26, 2010.</ref>
*Stewart County Elementary School
*Stewart County Middle School
*[[Stewart County High School (Georgia)|Stewart County High School]]

== Notable People ==
* Birthplace of [[John Cornbread Anderson]], American folk artist.

* Birthplace of [[Dorothy Pitman Hughes]], American feminist and civil rights activist.
* Birthplace of [[Jarvis Jones]], Retired [[National Football League|NFL]] [[Linebacker]] for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]].
* Birthplace of singer [[Alice Tan Ridley]] (1952 – 2025).
* Birthplace of [[John Wellborn Root]], American architect and key figure in [[Chicago school (architecture)|Chicago School]] of design

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Portal|State of Georgia}}
{{commons category}}
*George W. Chamberlin Jr., ed., ''Letters of Hawthorn: A Collection of Family Letters by Hawthorn S. Chamberlin, 1845-1865'', Gadsden, Ala.: Frost and Frost, 1971.
*Helen Eliza Terrill and Sara Robertson Dixon, eds., ''History of Stewart County, Georgia'', Columbus, Ga.: Columbus Office Supply Co., 1958.

{{Stewart County, Georgia}}
{{Georgia county seats}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Cities in Stewart County, Georgia]]
[[Category:County seats in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Former county seats in Georgia (U.S. state)]]