Editing Ludwig Bamberger

{{Short description|German politician (1823–1899)}}
{{About|the economist|director|Ludwig Berger (director)}}
{{No footnotes|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name        = Ludwig Bamberger<!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name -->
| image       = Ludwig Bamberger.jpg<!-- just the filename, without the File: or Image: prefix or enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt         = 
| caption     = Ludwig Bamberger.
| birth_name  = 
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|1823|7|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mainz]], [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]]
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|1899|3|14|1823|7|22|df=y}}
| death_place = 
| nationality = [[German Empire|German]]
| other_names = 
| occupation  = 
| known_for   = 
}}

'''Ludwig Bamberger''' (22 July 1823 – 14 March 1899) was a [[History of the Jews in Germany|German Jewish]] [[economist]], [[politician]], [[revolutionary]] and writer.

== Early life ==
Bamberger was born into the wealthy [[Ashkenazi Jew]]ish Bamberger family in [[Mainz]]. After studying at [[Giessen]], [[Heidelberg]], and [[Göttingen]], he became a lawyer.

== Career ==
When the [[Revolutions of 1848 in Germany|revolution of 1848]] broke out Bamberger took an active part as one of the leaders of the republican party in his native city, both as a popular orator and as editor of the ''Mainzer Zeitung'' newspaper. In 1849 he took part in the republican uprising in the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate]] and [[Baden, Germany|Baden]]; on the restoration of order he was condemned to death, but by then with other leading revolutionaries like [[Germain Metternich]], [[Louis Blenker]], and [[Franz Zitz]] he had escaped to [[Switzerland]]. The next years he spent in exile, at first in [[London]], then in the [[Netherlands]]; in 1852 he went to [[Paris]], where, by means of private connections to the [[Bischoffsheim family]], he received an appointment in the bank of [[Bischoffsheim, Goldschmidt & Cie]], of which he became managing director, a post which he held till 1866. During these years he saved a competence and gained a thorough acquaintance with the theory and practice of finance. This he put to account when the amnesty of 1866 enabled him to return to [[Germany]].

He was elected a member of the ''[[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]]'', where he joined the [[National Liberal Party (Germany)|National Liberal Party]], for, like many other exiles, he was willing to accept the results of [[Otto von Bismarck]]’s work. Bamberger represented the electoral district of [[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]]-[[Alzey]] and married Anna Belmont, a relative of the famous banker [[August Belmont]], who had emigrated to the [[United States]]. In 1868 he published a short life of Bismarck in French, with the object of producing a better understanding of German affairs, and in 1870, owing to their intimate acquaintance with France and with finance, he and [[Gerson von Bleichröder|Gerson Bleichröder]] were summoned by Bismarck to [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]] to help in the discussion of terms of peace.

In the German ''Reichstag'' he was the leading authority on matters of finance and economics, as well as a clear and persuasive speaker, and it was chiefly owing to him that a gold currency was adopted and that the [[Reichsbank]] took form; in his later years he wrote and spoke strongly against [[bimetallism]]. He was the leader of the [[free trade]]rs, and after 1878 refused to follow Bismarck in his new policy of protection, state socialism and colonial development. On account of his opposition to Bismarck's economic policy, he left the National Liberal Party and joined the “[[Liberal Union (Germany)|Secessionists]]” which later merged into the [[German Free-minded Party]]. He was also a founder of the Verein zur Förderung der Handelsfreiheit (Group for the Promotion of Free Trade).

With private banker [[Adelbert Delbrück]], on 22 January 1870, he founded [[Deutsche Bank]] in [[Berlin]] as a specialist bank for foreign trade.
In 1892 he retired from political life and died in 1899.

== Writings ==
Bamberger was a clear and attractive writer and was a frequent contributor on political and economic questions to the ''Nation'' and other periodicals. Among his noted publications—which include works on the currency, on the French war indemnity, his criticism of socialism and his apology for the [[Secession]]—are:
* ''Erlebnisse aus der pfälzischen Erhebung'' (Experiences from the [[Palatine Uprising]], 1849)
* ''Monsieur de Bismarck'' (Herr von Bismarck, 1868; English translation, 1869)
* "La colonie allemande" (in ''Paris Guide'', 1868; English translation "Germans in Paris" 2016)
* ''Die fünf Milliarden'' (The five billion, 1873)
* ''Deutschland und der Sozialismus'' (Germany and Socialism, 1878)
* ''Deutschtum und Judentum'' (Germans and Jews, 1880)
* ''Die Stichworte der Silberleute besprochen'' (Terminology of the silver advocates explained, 4th ed., 1893)
* ''Erinnerungen'' (Reminiscences, published by Nathan, 1899).

== See also ==
* [[Forty-Eighters]]

== References ==
* {{Cite NIE|wstitle=Bamberger, Ludwig|year=1905}}
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Bamberger, Ludwig}}
* {{Cite Americana|wstitle=Bamberger, Ludwig}}
* Benedikt Koehler: ''Ludwig Bamberger,'' DVA, 1999

== External links ==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=REUKAAAAIAAJ&dq=Nationalliberale+Partei&pg=PR1 ''Erinnerungen'' "Memoirs" by Ludwig Bamberger at google Books]
*[http://archives.lse.ac.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=BAMBERGER Catalogue] of the papers of Ludwig Bamberger at [https://web.archive.org/web/20070618035533/http://www.lse.ac.uk/library/archive/Default.htm London School of Economics Archives]
*[http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=479311 Guide to the Ludwig Bamberger Collection] at the [[Leo Baeck Institute, New York]].

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bamberger, Ludwig}}
[[Category:1823 births]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mainz]]
[[Category:Politicians from Rhenish Hesse]]
[[Category:Jewish German politicians]]
[[Category:National Liberal Party (Germany) politicians]]
[[Category:Liberal Union (Germany) politicians]]
[[Category:German Free-minded Party politicians]]
[[Category:Free-minded Union politicians]]
[[Category:Members of the 1st Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the 2nd Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the 3rd Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the 4th Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the 5th Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the 6th Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the 7th Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:Members of the 8th Reichstag of the German Empire]]
[[Category:German economists]]
[[Category:German company founders]]
[[Category:19th-century German businesspeople]]
[[Category:Deutsche Bank people]]
[[Category:Jewish German bankers]]
[[Category:Writers from Mainz]]
[[Category:German editors]]
[[Category:German revolutionaries]]
[[Category:German people of the Revolutions of 1848]]
[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Burials at Schönhauser Allee Cemetery, Berlin]]
[[Category:German people of Belgian descent]]