Editing Lucius Roy Holbrook

{{short description|United States Army general}}
{{Infobox military person
|name=Lucius Roy Holbrook
|image=Lucius R. Holbrook (U.S. Army major general).jpg
|caption= From the 1926 edition of ''The National Cyclopedia of American Biography''
|birth_date={{birth date|1875|4|30}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1952|10|19|1875|4|30}}
|birth_place=[[Arkansaw, Wisconsin|Arkansaw]], [[Wisconsin]], U.S.
|death_place=[[San Francisco|San Francisco, California]], U.S.
|placeofburial= [[Morris Hill Cemetery Mausoleum|Morris Hill Cemetery]], [[Boise, Idaho]]
|placeofburial_label=Place of burial
|allegiance={{USA}}
|branch=[[File:United States Department of the Army Seal.svg|20px|United States Army seal]] [[United States Army]]
|serviceyears=1896–1939
|servicenumber=0-352
|rank=[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|20px]] [[Major General (United States)|Major General]]
|commands=[[Philippine Department]]
|unit=
|battles=[[Philippine–American War]]<br />*[[Battle of Arayat]]<br />*[[Battle of Cabiao]]<br />*[[Battle of San Isidro]]<br />*[[Battle of Santa Rosa II]]<br />*[[Battle of Talavera (Philippines)|Battle of Talavera]]<br />[[World War I]]
|awards=[[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]]<br />[[Silver Star]]<br />[[Croix de Guerre]]<br />[[Légion d'honneur]]
|relations= MG [[Willard Ames Holbrook]] (Brother)<br />BG [[Willard Ames Holbrook Jr.]] (Nephew)
|laterwork=
}}

'''Lucius Roy Holbrook''' (April 30, 1875 – October 19, 1952) was a [[Major general (United States)|major general]] who commanded the [[United States Army]]'s [[Philippine Department]] from 1936 to 1938.

==Early life and family history==
Holbrook was born in [[Arkansaw, Wisconsin]].<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last=Davis|first=Henry Blaine Jr.|title=Generals in Khaki|publisher=Pentland Press, Inc.|year= 1998|ISBN= 1571970886|oclc=40298151|page=185}}</ref> He was a son of Willard Francis and Mary (Ames) Holbrook.<ref name="auto1">{{cite book|title=Who Was Who in American History - the Military|date=1975|publisher=Marquis Who's Who|location=Chicago|isbn=0837932017|page=262}}</ref> His father was born at [[Wrentham, Massachusetts]], on April 27, 1827, and died September 17, 1886. Holbrook's mother, Mary Ames, was born November 19, 1840, at [[West Bridgewater, Massachusetts]], and died on July 12, 1889.

Holbrook graduated from high school in [[Northfield, Minnesota]], in 1892. He entered the [[United States Military Academy]] on June 15, 1892, and graduated on June 12, 1896,<ref name="auto"/> as a [[Second lieutenant (United States)|second lieutenant]] of [[United States Cavalry|Cavalry]].

His brother, [[Willard Ames Holbrook|Willard]] was an army officer who attained the rank of major general.<ref name="auto"/> His nephew, [[Willard Ames Holbrook Jr.]], also pursued an army career and retired as a [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]].

==Military career==
Holbrook served with the [[4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|4th Cavalry Regiment]] at [[Fort Walla Walla]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]],<ref name="auto1"/> until December 22, 1896, and at [[Boise Barracks]], [[Fort Sherman (Idaho)|Fort Sherman]] and [[Wardner, Idaho]], until May 1899.<ref name="auto1"/> During his time at Boise, he met Henrietta Coffin, (January 7, 1877 – March 28, 1965), the daughter of Frank R. Coffin, a [[merchant]] and [[Bank (disambiguation)|banker]] and Charlotte Irene (Quivey) Coffin. The couple were married on June 7, 1899, at the [[Presidio of San Francisco]] in [[California]] and were the parents of three sons.<ref name="auto"/>

On June 24, 1889, Holbrook was posted to the [[Philippines|Philippine Islands]] and during the [[Philippine–American War]], he participated in the Northern Campaign, fighting in battles at [[Battle of Arayat|Arayat]], [[Battle of Cabiao|Cabiao]], [[Battle of San Isidro|San Isidro]], [[Battle of Santa Rosa II|Santa Rosa]], and [[Battle of Talavera (Philippines)|Talavera]]. He then served with General [[Theodore Schwan]]'s [[Southern Expedition]] from January 3 to February 18, 1900, and was at the Battles of Muntinlupa and [[Biñan]], [[Battle of Carmona and Silan|Carmona and Silan]], [[Battle of Tiaong|Tiaong]], [[Battle of Candaleria|Candaleria]] and [[Battle of Tayabas|Tayabas]]. Promoted to [[First lieutenant (United States)|first lieutenant]] on January 23, 1900, later in the year he was posted to Troop H, [[6th Cavalry Regiment]], which was stationed at Boise Barracks in Idaho, until February 11, 1901.<ref name="auto1"/>

Holbrook returned to the [[Philippines]] in March 1901 and served with Troop B, [[15th Cavalry Regiment]] and Troop I, 4th Cavalry Regiment, based at [[Manila]], until July 1, 1901, and at [[Fort Riley]], [[Kansas]], until August 7, 1902. He was promoted to [[Captain (United States O-3)|captain]] on July 15, 1902. He was then assigned to [[Camp Stotsenburg]], in the Philippines, until June 14, 1903. He returned to the US and served at [[Fort Logan]], [[Colorado]], and [[Fort Huachuca]], [[Arizona]], until August 28, 1904.

Holbrook was a distinguished graduate of the [[Infantry-Cavalry School]] at [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]], on July 2, 1905, and then attended the [[United States Army Command and General Staff College]] until July 25, 1906.<ref name="auto"/> Holbrook was the umpire for maneuvers at [[Fort D.A. Russell (Wyoming)|Fort D.A. Russell]], [[Wyoming]] (later [[Fort Francis E. Warren]]) until September 16, 1906. He then joined the [[5th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|5th Cavalry Regiment]] at [[Fort Wingate]], [[New Mexico]], until October 24, 1907.

Holbrook was assigned to the [[Commissary Department]] where he commanded the first training school for army [[baking|bakers]] and [[cooking|cooks]] until March 9, 1911.<ref name="auto1"/> During this time, he wrote the army's first cooking manuals.  He was assisted in this endeavor by [[Colour sergeant|Color Sergeant]], later Major Patrick Dunne.  These works include:
*''Handling the Straight Army Ration and Baking Bread. A Practical Manual for Army Cooks, Mess Stewards, and Post Bakers, in Field or in Garrison and on the March; for Company Officers, Post Treasurers and Mess Officers of Troops Aboard Army Transports'' with Patrick Dunne (1905)<ref>Holbrook, Lucius R., and Patrick Dunne. ''Handling the Straight Army Ration and Baking Bread. A Practical Manual for Army Cooks, Mess Stewards, and Post Bakers, in Field or in Garrison and on the March; for Company Officers, Post Treasurers and Mess Officers of Troops Aboard Army Transports''. Kansas City, Mo: F. Hudson Pub. Co, 1905. {{OCLC|2588126}}</ref>
*''The Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks'' (1910)<ref>Holbrook, Lucius R. ''The Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks''. Fort Riley, Kan: Mounted Service School Press, 1910. {{OCLC|	4852640}}</ref> 
*''The Mess Sergeant's Handbook'' with Patrick Dunne (1916)<ref>Holbrook, Lucius R., and Patrick Dunne. ''The Mess Sergeant's Handbook''. Menasha, Wis: Banta, 1916. {{OCLC|2563418}}</ref>
*''The Mess Officer's Assistant''<ref>Holbrook, Lucius Roy. ''The Mess Officer's Assistant''. Fort Leavenworth [Kan.]: U.S. Cavalry Association, 1917. {{OCLC|8944798}}</ref>

Holbrook then served as Assistant to the Chief Commissary, [[Maneuver Division]], [[San Antonio, Texas]], until July 21, 1911, and at Fort Riley until September 20, 1911. He was then ordered to [[Paris]], [[France]], where he attended the [[Ecole de L'Intendance]] (the French Army School of Supply) until December 15, 1912.<ref name="auto1"/>

Holbrook was stationed at [[Schofield Barracks]], [[Hawaii]], until April 4, 1916, and was then a [[United States Army Quartermaster Corps|quartermaster]] at Fort Riley, until July 1916. In 1916, he served with General [[John J. Pershing]]'s [[Pancho Villa Expedition|Mexican Expeditionary Forces]], as commander of the bakeries. This was the first use of the army field oven, which he had invented. He was promoted to [[Major (United States)|major]] on July 1, 1916.

[[File:111-SC-38214 - NARA - 55235582-cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Group of Commanders and Officers after dinner with Gen. John J. Pershing. Front row: McCoy, [[Hunter Liggett]], [[Philippe Petain]], [[John J. Pershing]], [[James W. McAndrew]], Lucius Roy Holbrook.]]
Holbrook then served at [[Fort Sam Houston]], [[Texas]], until March 7, 1917, where he was in command of the [[7th Field Artillery Regiment]] of the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st Division]], and he sailed with it for [[France]] on July 31, 1917, almost four months after the [[American entry into World War I]]. When the United States became involved in [[World War I]], this was the first artillery unit to be sent to France, and it fired the first US [[artillery]] [[shell (projectile)|shell]] against [[Germany]].

While with the [[American Expeditionary Force]], Holbrook was at [[Le Valdahon]], from August 14 to October 18, 1917; at [[Sommerviller Sector]], October 21 to November 20, 1917; [[Ansauville Sector]], January 19 to April 4, 1918; [[Cantigny Sector]], April 20 to June 8, 1918; [[Montdidier-Noyon Defense]], June 9 to 13, 1918; and [[Saizerais Sector]], August 4, to 16, 1918.

Holbrook was promoted to the temporary rank of [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] on August 16, 1918.<ref name="auto1"/> He then commanded the [[54th Field Artillery Brigade]], in training until October 3, 1918; served with the [[1st Field Artillery Brigade]], in the [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive]], until November 7, 1918; and again commanded the 54th Field Artillery Brigade, at [[Chateau Reynel]] and elsewhere until May 22, 1919.

Holbrook returned to the United States in May 1919 and commanded Camp Bragg, [[North Carolina]], from May 16, 1919, until July 1, 1919, when he became the head of the Artillery Department of the [[Command and General Staff School]] at [[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]]. On July 15, 1919, he reverted to the rank of [[Colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]]. On February 24, 1920, he was promoted to [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]].

From January 27, 1921, to May 4, 1922, Holbrook served as assistant chief of staff for supply, [[Ninth Corps Area]]; and as chief of staff, Ninth Corps Area until June 30, 1924. After this assignment, he became the chief of staff, Non-Divisional Group, [[United States Army Reserve|Organized Reserve Corps]], Ninth Corps Area, until June 30, 1925; and inspector, Ninth Corps Area, until October 19, 1925. He was promoted to brigadier general on October 20, 1925.<ref name="auto1"/>

Holbrook then commanded troops at [[Fort Douglas (Utah)|Fort Douglas, Utah]], until August 19, 1926. He then commanded [[Camp Stotsenburg]], in the [[Philippines]] until May 11, 1929. Afterwards, he commanded [[Fort Bragg, North Carolina]], from August 20, 1929, until October 5, 1930, when he became commander of the [[U.S. 1st Infantry Division|1st Division]] and [[Fort Hamilton]], [[New York (state)|New York]], until November 9, 1935. He was promoted to [[Major General (United States)|major general]] on December 28, 1933.<ref name="auto1"/>

On January 22, 1936, Holbrook became commanding general of the [[Philippine Department]] until 1938.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2">{{cite book|title=Who Was Who in American History - the Military|date=1975|publisher=Marquis Who's Who|location=Chicago|isbn=0837932017|page=263}}</ref> Holbrook retired on January 31, 1939.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/>

==Military decorations==
* [[File:Distinguished Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]].<ref name="militarytimes.com">{{cite web|url=http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=17694|title=Valor awards for Lucius Roy Holbrook|publisher=}}</ref> His citation reads:

{{blockquote|For exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services. As commander of the six battalions of Artillery and the [[1st Field Artillery Brigade]], he, with great distinction, directed the artillery support of the [[U.S. 1st Infantry Division|1st Division]] in the attacks on [[Cantigny]] and the [[Soissons salient]]. His careful judgment and high military attainments where shown in the accuracy and timeliness of the fire from the batteries under his direction, which despite the difficulties involved, contributed materially to the success of the operation.}}

* [[File:SilverStar.gif|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Silver Star|Silver Star for Gallantry]].<ref name="militarytimes.com"/> His citation reads:

{{blockquote|In action against insurgent forces near [[Tayabas, Quezon|Tayabas, Philippine Islands]], on January 21, 1900}}

* [[File:SilverStar.gif|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;Silver Star with [[oak leaf cluster]] for bravery<ref name="militarytimes.com"/>
** [[Montenegro]]
* [[File:Mexican Service Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Mexican Service Medal]]
* [[File:World War I Victory Medal ribbon.svg|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory Medal]]
* [[File:Army of Occupation of Germany ribbon.svg|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Army of Occupation of Germany Medal]]
* [[Montenegrin Ordre du Prince Danilo I|Montenegrin Ordre du Prince Danilo I (3rd Class)]]<ref name="auto2"/>
* [[Montenegrin Medaille de Bravoure d'Argent]]
* [[File:Croix de Guerre 1914-1918 ribbon.svg|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|French Croix de Guerre]]<ref name="auto2"/>
* [[File:Legion Honneur Officier ribbon.svg|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Légion d'honneur|French Legion of Honor (Officer)]]<ref name="auto2"/>
* [[File:Fourragère CG TOE.jpg|60px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Fourragère of the French Croix du Guerre]]

==Dates of promotion==
* June 12, 1896  – [[Second lieutenant (United States)|Second Lieutenant]]
* January 23, 1900 – [[First lieutenant (United States)|First Lieutenant]]
* July 15, 1902 – [[Captain (United States O-3)|Captain]]
* July 1, 1916 – [[Major (United States)|Major]]
* May 15, 1917  – [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]
* August 5, 1917  – [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]] (temporary)
* August 16, 1918 – [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] (temporary)
* July 15, 1919 – [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|Lieutenant Colonel]]
* February 24, 1920 – [[Colonel (United States)|Colonel]]
* October 20, 1925 – [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]]
* December 28, 1933 – [[Major general (United States)|Major General]]
* January 31, 1939  – [[Major general (United States)|Major General]] (Retired)

==Children==
The Holbrook's children:
* Franklin Rayle Coffin, born on May 2, 1901. Advancing to the rank of major general, he retired in December 1955. On May 7, 1927, he married Virginia Howell of [[Trenton, New Jersey]], born on January 8, 1902. They are the parents of, Franklin Coffin Holbrook, who attained the rank of first lieutenant. He married Nancy Bascom Palmer and they had two children: Palmer Lee, and Franklin Rayle Coffin Holbrook, II.
* John Ames, born on October 26, 1903. He became a captain in the [[United States Navy]] and retired. On August 8, 1952, he married Barbara Barber of [[Berkeley, California]]. By a previous marriage, he was the father of, John Ames Jr., born on April 1, 1936.
* Lucius Roy, born July 30, 1906. He held the rank of lieutenant colonel in the [[United States Air Force]]. On July 16, 1934, he married Mary Gertrude Sutterle in [[Shanghai]], [[China]]. They had two children:  Lucius Roy, 3rd, born January 4, 1944; and Marilyn Sutterle, born September 7, 1948.

==Death==
Major General Lucius R. Holbrook died on October 19, 1952, at [[Letterman Army Hospital]].<ref name="auto"/> His remains were taken by train to [[Boise, Idaho]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Commons category|Lucius Roy Holbrook}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-mil}}
{{succession box
|after = [[Hugh Aloysius Drum]]
|title = [[Commandant of the United States Army Command and General Staff College|Commandant of the Command and General Staff College]]
|before = [[Charles Henry Muir]]
|years = August–September 1920
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Holbrook, Lucius Roy}}
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:American military personnel of the Philippine–American War]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]]
[[Category:People from Boise, Idaho]]
[[Category:People from Northfield, Minnesota]]
[[Category:United States Army generals]]
[[Category:United States Military Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)]]
[[Category:People from Waterville, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Commandants of the United States Army Command and General Staff College]]
[[Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)]]
[[Category:United States Army generals of World War I]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Minnesota]]
[[Category:19th-century United States Army personnel]]