Editing Lubec, Maine

{{redirect|Lubec|the German city|Lübeck}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name                   = Lubec, Maine
| settlement_type                 = [[New England town|Town]]
| nickname                        = 
| motto                           = <!-- Images -->
| image_skyline                   = West Quoddy Head Light.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = [[West Quoddy Head Lighthouse]] and Quoddy Narrows, with [[Grand Manan|Grand Manan Island]], Canada, in background
| image_flag                      = Flag of Lubec, Maine.svg
| image_seal                      = <!-- Maps -->
|
| pushpin_map                     = Maine#USA
| pushpin_label                   = Lubec
| pushpin_label_position          = left
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in the state of Maine
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 
| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| image_map1                      = 
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = <!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1               = {{flag|Maine}}
| subdivision_type2               = [[List of counties in Maine|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Washington County, Maine|Washington]]
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = 
| leader_title                    = 
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = 
| leader_name1                    = 
| established_title               = [[Incorporation (municipal government)|Incorporated]]
| established_date                = 1811
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                       = Imperial
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_23.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 8, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 203.00
| area_land_km2                   = 86.12
| area_water_km2                  = 116.89
| area_total_sq_mi                = 78.38
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 33.25
| area_water_sq_mi                = 45.13

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of                = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_est                  = 
| pop_est_as_of                   = 
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_total                = 1,237
| population_density_km2          = 14.36
| population_density_sq_mi        = 37.20
| timezone                        = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset                      = -5
| timezone_DST                    = EDT
| utc_offset_DST                  = -4
| elevation_m                     = 19
| elevation_ft                    = 62
| coordinates                     = {{coord|44|50|27|N|67|0|56|W|region:US/ME_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type                = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code                     = 04652
| area_code                       = [[Area code 207|207]]
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = 23-41610
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info                     = 0582570
| website                         = {{URL|townoflubec.com}}
|pop_est_footnotes = 
}}

'''Lubec''' ({{IPAc-en|l|uː|ˈ|b|ɛ|k}} {{respell|loo|BEK}}) is a town in [[Washington County, Maine]], United States. It is the easternmost municipality in the contiguous U.S. (see [[List of extreme points of the United States|extreme points of the United States]]) and is the country's closest continental location to Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The closest point in the United States to Africa|url=http://www.acscdg.com/usaafrica.html|website=www.acscdg.com|access-date=2015-09-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918045842/http://www.acscdg.com/usaafrica.html|archive-date=2015-09-18}}</ref>

The town, with a population of 1,237 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="Census 2020">{{Cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2302941610|title=Census - Geography Profile: Lubec town, Washington County, Maine|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 20, 2022}}</ref> is home to [[Quoddy Head State Park]].

==History==

Located on a [[peninsula]] overlooking an ice-free harbor, the town was first settled about 1775. Originally part of [[Eastport, Maine|Eastport]], it was set off and incorporated on June 21, 1811, and named for [[Lübeck]], Germany.<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book|last=Coolidge|first=Austin J.|author2=John B. Mansfield|title=A History and Description of New England|publisher=A.J. Coolidge|year=1859|location=Boston, Massachusetts|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n235 201]|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ|quote=coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.}}</ref> Following the [[War of 1812]], Lubec was the site of considerable [[smuggling]] trade in [[gypsum]], although principal industries remained [[agriculture]] and [[fisheries]]. By 1859, there was a [[Tanning (leather)|tannery]], three [[gristmill]]s and nine [[sawmill]]s; by 1886, there were also two [[shipyard]]s, three [[boatbuilder]]s and three [[sailmaker]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Varney|first=George J.|title=Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Lubec|place=Boston|publisher=Russell|year=1886|url=http://history.rays-place.com/me/lubec-me.htm}}</ref>

{{anchor|Swindle}}<!--anchor is target of [[Prescott Jernegan]]-->From 1897 to 1898, the town was the site of a swindle in the sale of stock in the Electrolytic Marine Salts Company, the brainchild of Reverend Prescott Jernegan and Charles Fisher of [[Martha's Vineyard]].<ref name="klondike">[https://lubec.mainememory.net/page/960/display.html Klondike: Lubec's Gold from Sea Water Hoax]</ref> Jernegan claimed to have developed a method of using "accumulators" to get gold from sea water, and bought an old grist mill to turn it into a factory. The scheme attracted an abundance of investors, who were all too eager to funnel money into the company after being promised astronomical returns. In the summer of 1898, work was suspended without explanation. Jernegan and Smith vanished, and the fraud was gleefully exposed by newspapers across New England.<ref name="klondike" />

Lubec reached its population peak in the 1910s and 1920s, hovering a little above 3,300.  Since then, the population has generally been in a gradual but steady decline. As of 2020, its population had fallen to 1,237.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
Image:General View of Lubec, ME.jpg|General view {{circa|1910}}
Image:Soldiers' Monument, Lubec, ME.jpg|War monument in 1908
Image:Bank Square, Lubec, ME.jpg|Bank Square {{circa|1908}}
Image:LUBEC, LOOKING WEST FROM CAMPOBELLO ISLAND. SMOKE IS FROM MC CURDY'S PACKING PLANT WHERE HERRING IS SMOKED - NARA - 550322.jpg|Lubec in 1973
</gallery>

==Geography==
Lubec is located in northeastern Maine, at {{coord|44|51|38|N|66|59|5|W|type:city}}.<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|78.38|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|33.25|sqmi|sqkm|2}}  is land and {{convert|45.13|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name ="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]| access-date=2012-12-16}}</ref> Lubec is located on a peninsula in [[Passamaquoddy Bay]], slightly south of [[Eastport, Maine|Eastport]]. The [[West Quoddy Head]] is southeast.

Lubec is the [[Extreme points of the United States|easternmost town of the contiguous United States]].<ref name="clui">{{Cite web |url=http://www.clui.org/section/united-divide-a-linear-portrait-usacanada-border-0 |title=Chapter 1: Eastern Maine |website=United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border |publisher=The Center for Land Use Interpretation |date=Winter 2015}}</ref> West Quoddy Head in Lubec is the easternmost point in the contiguous United States, located at {{coord|44|48|54|N|66|57|1|W}} longitude. It is adjacent to the Quoddy Narrows, a narrow strait between Canada and the United States, one of the entrances into Passamaquoddy Bay. Since 1808, [[West Quoddy Head Lighthouse]] has been on the site to guide ships through this waterway. The present [[lighthouse]] with its distinctive red-and-white stripes was built in 1858.

Lubec is crossed by [[Maine State Route 189]]. The [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge]] connects the town to [[Campobello Island]], [[New Brunswick]], Canada.

=== Sites of interest ===
* [[Lubec Channel Light]]

<gallery widths="200px" heights="200px">
Image:WestQuoddyHeadLight.jpg|[[West Quoddy Head Lighthouse]]
File:Lubec, Maine, from Campobello 2012.jpg|Center of Lubec as seen from [[Campobello Island]]
</gallery>

==Bay of Fundy International Marathon==
The '''Bay of Fundy International Marathon''' is a [[marathon]] between Lubec and [[Campobello Island]], [[New Brunswick]], Canada. A [[10K run|10K]] is also organized alongside the marathon. The 10K takes place entirely within Lubec.<ref name="Cox">{{cite news|url=https://bangordailynews.com/2014/06/11/sports/bay-of-fundy-international-marathon-runners-to-flock-down-east/|title=Bay of Fundy International Marathon runners to flock Down East|last=Cox|first=Tim|date=June 11, 2014|work=[[Bangor Daily News]]|accessdate=15 June 2014}}</ref>

The race begins at [[West Quoddy Head Lighthouse]], which is the easternmost point in the United States. Runners cross the [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt Bridge]] connecting Maine to New Brunswick and run until they reach [[Head Harbour Lighthouse]] (East Quoddy Lighthouse), at which time the runners turn around and return to Lubec.<ref name="Cox"/>

The first marathon was run in 2013. It included over 500 registered runners and was held in June. The race provided significant economic benefits to the area. The 2014 edition featured fewer runners (286 total). The organizers attributed the decrease to the "Boston effect", whereby marathon runners chose other marathons to run in order to qualify for the [[2014 Boston Marathon]].<ref name="Cox"/>

==Climate==
Lubec has a [[humid continental climate]] with mild summers and cold winters. Generally speaking, it is relatively cold for its coastline position at 44 degrees latitude, but milder in winter than nearby [[Machias, Maine|Machias]] due to moderate warming by the adjacent waters of the Atlantic.   The climate is similar to that of nearby [[Eastport, Maine|Eastport]].  The Weather Channel provides [[interpolated]] climate data based on nearby areas.

{{Weather box
|location = Lubec, Maine
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 61
|Feb record high F = 65
|Mar record high F = 79
|Apr record high F = 84
|May record high F = 93
|Jun record high F = 96
|Jul record high F = 98
|Aug record high F = 95
|Sep record high F = 94
|Oct record high F = 84
|Nov record high F = 71
|Dec record high F = 60
|year record high F = 98
|Jan high F = 30
|Feb high F = 32
|Mar high F = 39
|Apr high F = 50
|May high F = 60
|Jun high F = 69
|Jul high F = 74
|Aug high F = 74
|Sep high F = 67
|Oct high F = 56
|Nov high F = 46
|Dec high F = 36
|year high F = 53
|Jan mean F = 22
|Feb mean F = 25
|Mar mean F = 32
|Apr mean F = 42
|May mean F = 51
|Jun mean F = 59
|Jul mean F = 64
|Aug mean F = 64
|Sep mean F = 58
|Oct mean F = 48
|Nov mean F = 40
|Dec mean F = 29
|year mean F = 45
|Jan low F = 14
|Feb low F = 17
|Mar low F = 24
|Apr low F = 34
|May low F = 41
|Jun low F = 48
|Jul low F = 54
|Aug low F = 54
|Sep low F = 49
|Oct low F = 40
|Nov low F = 33
|Dec low F = 21
|year low F = 36
|Jan record low F = −27
|Feb record low F = −23
|Mar record low F = −13
|Apr record low F = 1
|May record low F = 24
|Jun record low F = 31
|Jul record low F = 36
|Aug record low F = 33
|Sep record low F = 23
|Oct record low F = 15
|Nov record low F = 3
|Dec record low F = −23
|year record low F = −27
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.83
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.24
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.07
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.67
|May precipitation inch = 3.77
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.66
|Jul precipitation inch = 2.98
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.10
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.11
|Oct precipitation inch = 4.37
|Nov precipitation inch = 4.87
|Dec precipitation inch = 4.27
|year precipitation inch = 45.94
|source = The Weather Channel<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/44.8408,-67.016
|title = Climate Statistics for Lubec, Maine
|access-date = 2020-10-29 }}</ref>
|date=Oct 2020}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1820= 1430
|1830= 1535
|1840= 2307
|1850= 2814
|1860= 2555
|1870= 2136
|1880= 2109
|1890= 2769
|1900= 3005
|1910= 3363
|1920= 3371
|1930= 2994
|1940= 3108
|1950= 2973
|1960= 2684
|1970= 1949
|1980= 2045
|1990= 1853
|2000= 1652
|2010= 1359
|2020= 1237
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of 2000 the median income for a household in the town was $20,565, and the median income for a family was $26,098. Males had a median income of $25,170 versus $19,375 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $13,081. About 20.3% of families and 28.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 49.6% of those under age 18 and 20.6% of those age 65 or over.

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-16}}</ref> of 2010, there were 1,359 people, 682 households, and 356 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|40.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,147 housing units at an average density of {{convert|34.5|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town saw 97.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.3% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.4% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.0% of the population.

There were 682 households, of which 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 47.8% were non-families. Of all households 41.9% were made up of individuals, and 20.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.58.

The median age in the town was 54 years. 14.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 16.4% were from 25 to 44; 36.9% were from 45 to 64; and 28.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 48.4% male and 51.6% female.

==Education==
Lubec Consolidated School belongs to Maine School Administrative District #19. Kenneth Johnson is the Superintendent of Schools.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://lubecme.govoffice2.com/index.asp?Type=B_LOC&SEC={3EDAECDF-735D-477F-B049-467B07A5EF17}&DE={90202F1E-05AF-4382-979D-12C6C3E9EF46}|title=Maine School Administrative District #19|publisher= Maine School Administrative District #19|access-date=2012-07-06}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
<!-- Note:
· Only people who already have a Wikipedia article may appear here. This establishes notability.
· The article must mention how they are associated with Lubec, whether born, raised, or residing.
· The fact of their association should have a reliable source cited.
· Alphabetical by last name please.
· All others will be deleted.
-->

* [[Myron Avery]], lawyer, explorer
* [[James Henry Carleton]], brevet major general in the U.S. Army<ref name="NPS">{{cite web |title=James Carleton (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/people/james-carleton.htm |website=www.nps.gov |access-date=12 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Hazel Marion Eaton]], daredevil, shallow diver, long distance swimmer, hoop roller, motordome thrill racer – one of the "mile a minute girls". Close friend of Beatrice Houdini
* [[Albert Brewer Guptill]], author and photographer<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LhROAAAAMAAJ&q=guptill+lubec+maine|title=Harvard University. Class of 1878|year=1908|access-date= 12 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Sumner Pike]], member of the US Securities and Exchange Commission, member of the Atomic Energy Commission
* [[Doris Pike White]], investment banker and president general of the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]]
* [[Hopley Yeaton]], ship captain, considered the "Father of the US Coast Guard"

== Gallery ==
{{Gallery
| title        = Lubec, Maine
| align        = center
| footer       =
| style        =
| state        =
| height       =
| width        =
| captionstyle =
|File:West_Quoddy_Head_Lighthouse_at_Sunset.jpg
 | alt1=
 | West Quoddy Head Lighthouse at Sunset
| File:Lubec. Maine.jpg
 | alt2=
 | Water Street, Lubec, Maine
| File:Lubec_Brewing_Company.jpg
 | alt3=
 | Lubec Brewing Company
| File:US-Canada_Border_in_Lubec,_Maine.jpg
 | alt4=
 | US-Canada Border in Lubec, Maine
| File:Lubec,_Maine_Sign.jpg
 | alt5=
 | Welcome to Lubec Sign
| File:West_Quoddy_Head_Lighthouse.jpg
 | alt6=
 | West Quoddy Head Lighthouse
| Fourth of July Lubec.jpg
 | alt7=
 | 4th of July in Lubec, 2020
}}

==See also==
* [[Machias, Maine]]
* [[Washington County, Maine]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Joshua M. Smith, ''Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783–1820'' (Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006)

==External links==
{{wikivoyage|Lubec}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090504161207/http://www.lubecme.govoffice2.com/ Town of Lubec official website]
* [https://www.librarytechnology.org/lwc-displaylibrary.pl?RC=19283 Lubec Memorial Library]
* [https://www.westquoddy.com/ West Quoddy Head Lighthouse]
* [http://www.state.me.us/cgi-bin/doc/parks/find_one_name.pl?park_id=10 Quoddy Head State Park]
* [http://www.visitlubecmaine.com/ Visit Lubec Maine]
* [https://www.bayoffundymarathon.com/ Bay of Fundy International Marathon – held in Lubec, Maine and Campobello Island, New Brunswick]

{{Washington County, Maine}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Lubec, Maine| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Washington County, Maine]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1811]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Maine]]
[[Category:1811 establishments in Massachusetts]]