Editing Lower Colorado River Authority

{{short description|Public utility in Texas that manages the lower Colorado River}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=November 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{infobox organization
| name                = Lower Colorado River Authority (Texas)
| image               = Lower Colorado River Authority Logo.png
| image_border        = 
| size                = 220px
| caption             = 
| map                 = 
| msize               = 
| mcaption            = 
| abbreviation        = LCRA
| formation           = 1934
| extinction          = 
| type                = 
| status              = 
| purpose             = [[Water conservation]] and [[water reclamation|reclamation]], [[power generation]], transmission
| headquarters        = 3700 Lake Austin Blvd, [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Texas|TX]] 78703
| location            = 
| region_served       = More than 70 [[U.S. county|counties]] in [[Texas]]
| membership          = 
| language            = 
| leader_title        = General Manager
| leader_name         = Phil Wilson
| main_organ          = Board of Directors
| affiliations        = 
| num_staff           = 
| budget              = 
| website             = {{URL|http://www.lcra.org/}}
| remarks             = 
}}

The '''<nowiki/>Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA)''' is a [[nonprofit]] public utility created in November 1934 by the [[Texas Legislature]].<ref name="tsha">{{cite web |last1=Williams |first1=John and McCann, William |title=Lower Colorado River Authority |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/lower-colorado-river-authority |website=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=2 October 2022}}</ref> LCRA's mission is to enhance the lives of the Texans it serves through water stewardship, energy and community service. LCRA provides public power, manages the lower [[Colorado River (Texas)|Colorado River]], builds and operates transmission lines, owns public parks, and offers community services.<ref name="npr">{{cite web |title=What Is The Lower Colorado River Authority? |url=https://stateimpact.npr.org/texas/tag/lcra/ |website=StateImpact Texas |publisher=KUT |access-date=2 October 2022}}</ref>

LCRA does not receive state appropriations or have the ability to levy taxes. Instead, LCRA is funded by revenue it generates, the vast majority of which comes from producing and transmitting electricity. A very small portion of LCRA's revenue comes from selling water.<ref name="tsha"/>

==Power generation portfolio==
===Coal===
The [[Fayette Power Project]]  is a three-unit coal-fired power plant in [[Fayette County, Texas|Fayette County]] that provides 1,625 [[megawatts]] (MW). ([[Austin Energy]] co-owns two of the units and the power they produce.) [[Lake Fayette]] is the cooling pond for the project. LCRA uses [[coal]] from the [[Powder River Basin]] in [[Wyoming]] as fuel.<ref name="lcra">{{cite web |title=A diverse generation fleet |url=https://www.lcra.org/energy/electric-power/facilities/ |website=LCRA |publisher=Lower Colorado River Authority |access-date=2 October 2022}}</ref>

===Natural gas===
The [[Sim Gideon Power Plant]] is a three-unit [[natural gas]]-fired plant in [[Bastrop County, Texas|Bastrop County]] that provides 608 [[megawatts]]. The Lost Pines 1 Power Project (owned and operated by GenTex Power Corporation, an LCRA affiliate) is a [[natural gas]]-fired [[combined-cycle]] plant adjacent to the Sim Gideon plant, and the two form the Lost Pines Power Park. The Lost Pines 1 Power Project can generate up to 511 megawatts. [[Lake Bastrop]] is the cooling pond for the Lost Pines Power Park.

LCRA broke ground on a new [[Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant]] in April 2012, about 100 yards from the site of the original Ferguson plant on Lake LBJ. The plant began operating in 2014. The old plant was decommissioned. The Ferguson facility is a natural gas-fired, combined cycle plant in Horseshoe Bay capable of producing 540 megawatts. Ferguson is among the most environmentally responsible power plants in Texas, producing 30 to 40 percent fewer emissions per unit of power than the unit it replaced. It uses about 35 percent less fuel per megawatt-hour and about one-third of the water used at a typical steam plant per unit of power.<ref>{{cite web |title=LCRA dedicates new 540MW Thomas C. Ferguson power plant in US |url=https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/newslcra-dedicates-new-540mw-thomas-c-ferguson-power-plant-in-us-161014-4407041/ |website=NS ENERGY |date=October 15, 2014 |access-date=2 October 2022}}</ref>

The Winchester Power Park in [[Fayette County, Texas|Fayette County]] provides about 176 megawatts for use primarily during peak-demand periods.

The LCRA buys natural gas on the open market and stores it at the Hilbig Gas Storage Facility, an underground reservoir near [[Rockne, Texas]]. The facility can hold up to 4 billion cubic feet of natural gas.

===Hydroelectric===
[[Image:mansfield dam.gif|thumb|262px|[[Mansfield Dam]], the dam completed in 1941 that forms [[Lake Travis]] (the beginning of [[Lake Austin]] and an early low-water crossing is seen below the dam)]]

LCRA operates six [[hydroelectric]] [[dam]]s along the Colorado River in Central Texas that provide a source of renewable energy and form six lakes collectively known as the [[Texas Highland Lakes]]:

*[[Buchanan Dam]] (54.9 MW) - forms [[Lake Buchanan (Texas)|Lake Buchanan]]
*[[Inks Dam]] (13.8 MW) - forms [[Inks Lake]]
*[[Wirtz Dam]] (60 MW) - forms [[Lake LBJ]], which also serves as a cooling pond for the Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant
*[[Max Starcke Dam]] (41.4 MW) - forms [[Lake Marble Falls]]
*[[Mansfield Dam]] (108 MW) - forms [[Lake Travis]]
*[[Tom Miller Dam]] (17 MW) - forms [[Lake Austin]]

In keeping with its state-approved Water Management Plan, LCRA generates electricity from the dams only as it releases water for other reasons, or when ordered to do so by the [[Electric Reliability Council of Texas]] (ERCOT).

===Wind===
LCRA purchases 51 megawatts of wind power capacity from the [[Indian Mesa Wind Farm|Indian Mesa Wind Energy Center]] in West Texas and 200 megawatts from the Papalote Creek II Wind Farm near the Texas Gulf Coast.

===Transmission===
LCRA distributes electricity to its wholesale electric customers - mostly municipal utilities and electric cooperatives - and supports the statewide electric transmission network through more than 5,100 miles of [[Electric power transmission|transmission lines]] and more than 380 substations, which are owned by LCRA Transmission Services Corporation, a nonprofit corporation owned by LCRA.

== Water ==
LCRA manages the Highland Lakes and the lower Colorado River, a 600&nbsp;mi stretch of the Texas Colorado River, as a system to supply water for more than 1 million people as well as businesses, industries, the environment and agriculture in the lower Colorado River basin.

LCRA has the rights to more than 2.1 million acre-feet of water per year based mostly on surface water permits issued by the state of Texas.

==Parks and community services==
[[File:Matagorda science center 2008.jpg|thumb|The Natural Science Center at Matagorda Bay Nature Park, one of the LCRA's many parks]]
LCRA owns more than 40 public parks, recreation areas and river access sites along the Highland Lakes and lower Colorado River. LCRA's [[McKinney Roughs Nature Park]] and Matagorda Bay Nature Parks have natural science centers that offer outdoor educational and recreational programs for youths and adults.

LCRA offers a wide range of conservation programs for water users within its river basin. It also operates an environmental laboratory, monitors the water quality of the lower Colorado River, and regulates on-site sewage systems to limit pollution and help protect the health of those enjoying the Highland Lakes.

LCRA's community services programs include the Community Development Partnership Program, which has awarded almost $42 million in matching grants for 1,491 community development projects since 1995.

==History==
In November 1934, the Texas Legislature authorized the formation of the Lower Colorado River Authority to complete Buchanan Dam, where construction had been idled in 1932 following the financial collapse and bankruptcy of the [[Samuel Insull]]-controlled [[public utility]] [[holding company]]. LCRA began operations in February 1935.

LCRA completed Buchanan Dam and a companion project, Inks Dam, in 1938—the first of six dams that form the reservoirs known as the Highland Lakes. LCRA completed the chain of lakes and dams in 1951. LCRA manages the chain to protect basin residents from the worst effects of Hill Country floods and provide the lower Colorado River basin with a reliable water supply.

With the encouragement of congressman, [[Lyndon B. Johnson]], LCRA used the hydroelectric power from its dams in 1936 to launch a public power program that served communities and electric cooperatives in Central and South Texas.

For nearly three decades, hydroelectric generation was LCRA's primary power source. Growing demand for electricity led LCRA to build natural gas and coal-fired power plants. LCRA added to its generation portfolio with the [[Sim Gideon Power Plant]] and original [[Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant]] in the 1960s and 1970s, the [[Fayette Power Project]] in the 1970s and 1980s, the Lost Pines 1 Power Project in 2001 and the Winchester Power Project in 2010.

In 1995, LCRA became the first electric utility in Texas to provide wind-generated electricity to its customers from the Texas Wind Power Project, the first such project in the state. LCRA continues to evaluate additional renewable energy options that complement its existing generation portfolio.

LCRA's water and community services operations have grown through the years. LCRA began programs in the 1970s and 1980s to control water pollution and monitor water quality. It expanded its parks operations beginning in the 1990s to increase public access to the Highland Lakes and lower Colorado River. LCRA also worked with communities in its service area on projects designed to boost communities' economic development and improve their local quality of life.

==See also==
{{Portal|Texas}}
*[[Upper Colorado River Authority]]
*[[List of Texas river authorities]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.lcra.org/parks/ LCRA parks] web site

{{State agencies of Texas}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Lower Colorado River Authority| ]]
[[Category:Colorado River (Texas)]]
[[Category:River authorities of Texas]]
[[Category:State agencies of Texas]]
[[Category:Companies based in Austin, Texas]]
[[Category:Public utilities established in 1933]]
[[Category:Water companies of the United States]]