Editing Louis Lucien Bonaparte

{{Short description|French philologist and politician (1813–1891)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Louis Lucien Bonaparte
| image = Louis-Lucien Bonaparte.jpg
| caption = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1813|1|4}}
| birth_place = Thorngrove, [[Grimley, Worcestershire]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1891|11|3|1813|1|4}}
| death_place = [[Fano]], Italy
| burial_place = [[St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green|St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery]], [[Kensal Green]]
| spouse = Anna Maria Cecchi<br>Clémence Richard
| issue = Louis Clovis Bonaparte
| house = [[House of Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]
| father = [[Lucien Bonaparte]]
| mother = [[Alexandrine de Bleschamp]]
| occupation = [[Philologist]], politician
}}

'''Louis Lucien Bonaparte''' (4 January 1813 – 3 November 1891) was a French [[philologist]]. The third son of [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon's]] second surviving brother, [[Lucien Bonaparte]], he spent much of his life outside France for political reasons. After a brief political career, he focused on his academic work, which particularly centered on the [[Basque language]] and the [[Celtic languages]].

==Early life==

In 1809, Lucien Bonaparte came under pressure from his brother [[Napoleon]] to divorce his wife, [[Alexandrine de Bleschamp]], and return to France from his Italian estates, where he was a virtual prisoner, needing permission to leave his own land. He took ship to sail to the United States, but in 1810, on the way there, he and his wife were captured by the [[Royal Navy]]. The British government allowed  Lucien and his wife to settle at [[Ludlow]], and later at Thorngrove House, [[Grimley, Worcestershire|Grimley]], [[Worcestershire, England|Worcestershire]], where Louis Lucien Bonaparte was born in 1813. Napoleon believed Lucien had gone to Britain as a traitor.<ref name=bl>[http://vll-minos.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelplang/spanish/hispcoll/hispexhibl/bonaparte/bonaparte.html Out of the confusion of tongues: Louis-Lucien Bonaparte (1813-1891)], British Library, accessed 29 January 2021</ref>

Following his brother's abdication in April 1814, Louis Lucien's father returned to France and then to Rome, where on 18 August 1814 he was made [[Prince Canino Line|Prince of Canino]], Count of Apollino, and Lord of Nemori by [[Pope Pius VII]]. In 1824 he was created Prince of Musignano by [[Pope Leo XII]].<ref name=stroud>Stroud, Patricia Tyson, ''The Emperor of Nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and his world'', (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000), pp.21; 160.</ref>

In the [[Hundred Days]] after Napoleon's return to France from exile in [[Elba]], Lucien rallied to his brother's cause. Napoleon made him a French prince and included his children in the Imperial Family. However, this was not recognized by the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|restored Bourbon government]] after Napoleon's second abdication. In 1815, Lucien was proscribed and deprived of his seat in the [[Académie française]].<ref name=stroud/>

Louis-Lucien Bonaparte grew up in Italy and was educated at the Jesuit college at Urbino, before studying chemistry and [[mineralogy]].<ref name=bl/> 

==Career==
A [[philologist]] and briefly a politician, Bonaparte spent most of his early life in Italy. He attended the first ''Riunione degli Scienziati Italiani'', a conference of scholars of natural sciences, at [[Pisa]], and published some early work on scientific subjects in Italy. On 29 June 1840, by his father's death, he inherited various papal titles. His first work on languages, called ''Specimen lexici comparativi'', was published at Florence in 1847.<ref name=bl/> 

He did not go to France until 1848, when he served two one-year terms in the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] as representative for [[Corsica]] (1848) and for the [[Seine (département)|Seine department]] (1849). In 1852, he was appointed as a Senator, but not long after moved to London, where he spent most of the rest of his life.<ref name=bl/> 

He had a printing press in his home printing 10 volumes in 1857  and five in 1858. Being "a passionate collector of bible translations for philological interest," in 1861 he published a [[Galician language|Galician]] and [[Asturian language|Asturian]] translation of the [[Gospel of Matthew]] in London.<ref>{{Citation |last=Kabatek |first=Johannes |title=10 Spoken and Written Language |date=2024-10-21 |work=Manual of Galician Linguistics |page=250 |pages= |editor-last=Sousa |editor-first=Xulio |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110417449-011/html |access-date=2024-10-23 |publisher=De Gruyter |doi=10.1515/9783110417449-011 |isbn=978-3-11-041744-9 |editor2-last=González Seoane |editor2-first=Ernesto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=El Evangelio segun San Mateo [Texto impreso] / traducido al dialecto asturiano de la version castellana de Torres Felix Amat por un presbítero natural de Asturias ; con la cooperación del Príncipe Luís Luciano Bonaparte |url=http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000290150 |website=Biblioteca Digital Hispánica |language=es}}</ref> In 1866 he was elected member of the [[Athenaeum Club, London|Athenaeum Club]] and at that time  presented the Club with 137 of his publications bound in 24 volumes. <ref>Ehrman, Albert. (1960). "The Private Press and Publishing Activities of Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte." ''[[The Book Collector]]'' 9 no.1 (Spring): 31-37.</ref>

He worked on the classification of dialects of the [[Basque language]], and his work is still used. He also worked on [[Cornish language|Cornish]] and denounced [[William Pryce]] for having plagiarized the research of [[Edward Lhuyd]] into Cornish and other [[Celtic languages]].<ref name=bl/> He owned the only surviving copy of ''Athravaeth Gristnogavl'' and gave permission to the Cymmrodorion society to publish a facsimile in 1880.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BONAPARTE, Prince LOUIS-LUCIEN (1813 - 1891). {{!}} Dictionary of Welsh Biography |url=https://biography.wales/article/s-BONA-LOU-1813 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=biography.wales}}</ref>

<gallery mode=packed heights=300px>
File:Bonaparte euskalki mapa.jpg|Carte des [[Euskal Herria|sept Provinces Basques]]
File:BonaparteEuskara.png|Carte des sept Provinces Basques
</gallery>

==Private life==
On 4 October 1833, in [[Florence]], Louis Lucien Bonaparte married Maria Anna Cecchi, the daughter of a Florentine sculptor. In 1850, he separated from his wife and later began to live with Clémence Richard, with whom he had a son, [[Louis Clovis Bonaparte]] (1859–1894). 

In 1891, after  Maria Anna's death on 17 March 1891, Louis Lucien and Clémence Richard were married in [[Kensington]].<ref>"Bonaparte Louis Lucien / Kensington 1a	356"; "Richard Clemence / Kensington 1a 356" in ''General Register Office Index to Marriages in England and Wales'' (1891), ancestry.com, accessed 29 January 2021 {{subscription required}}</ref> 

The Bonapartes’ son Louis Clovis became a [[civil engineer]], and on 14 October 1891, at [[Reigate]], he married Laura Elizabeth Scott, the daughter of F. W. Scott of [[Redhill, Surrey|Redhill]], another engineer.<ref>''Register of Marriages solemnized at St Matthew's Church, Reigate'', [https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/4779/images/40815_1831109333_1820-00113 No 430, October 14th 1891], ancestry.co.uk, accessed 29 January 2021 {{subscription required}}</ref>

Louis Lucien Bonaparte died at [[Fano]], Italy. His widow, Clémence Bonaparte, lived on until 1915. He is buried at [[St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green|St. Mary's Roman Catholic Cemetery]], [[Kensal Green]] next to his son and second wife.<ref name=bl/>  His collection of chemical elements was bequeathed to the [[Science Museum, London]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prince Bonaparte's collection-of-elements|url=https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co14472/prince-bonapartes-collection-of-elements-elements-copper-silver-gold}}</ref> where it subsequently was on display during the [[UNESCO]] "International Year of the Periodic Table" in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cole|first=Rupert|date=2019|title=150 Years of the Periodic Table|url=https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/150-years-of-the-periodic-table/}}</ref>

His library was bought by the Newberry Library in Chicago.<ref>The Newberry. [https://www.newberry.org/history History.]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==General references==
* Howard Louis Conard, ''Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri'' (New York: 1901), Vol. IV, p.&nbsp;530
* Out of the confusion of tongues: Louis-Lucien Bonaparte (1813–1891), [http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelplang/spanish/hispcoll/hispexhibl/bonaparte/bonaparte.html British Library's detailed biography]

==External links==
{{commons category|Louis-Lucien Bonaparte}}

* [https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co14472/prince-bonapartes-collection-of-elements-elements-copper-silver-gold Prince Bonaparte's Collection of Elements] at the Science Museum, London
{{Bonaparte family}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bonaparte, Louis Lucien}}
[[Category:1813 births]]
[[Category:1891 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Malvern Hills District]]
[[Category:Princes of France (Bonaparte)|Louis Lucien Bonaparte]]
[[Category:House of Bonaparte|Louis Lucien Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Party of Order politicians]]
[[Category:Bonapartists]]
[[Category:Members of the 1848 Constituent Assembly]]
[[Category:Members of the National Legislative Assembly of the French Second Republic]]
[[Category:French senators of the Second Empire]]
[[Category:French philologists]]
[[Category:Dialectologists]]
[[Category:Linguists of Basque]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Burials at St Mary's Catholic Cemetery, Kensal Green]]
[[Category:Linguists of Galician]]
[[Category:Translators of the Bible into Galician]]