Editing Longwood, Wisconsin

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Longwood, Wisconsin
|settlement_type          = [[Town]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Longwood Town Hall.jpg
|imagesize                = 
|image_caption            = Town hall

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = WIMap-doton-Longwood.png
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Longwood, Wisconsin
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name  = {{flag|United States}}
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1  = {{flag|Wisconsin}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Wisconsin|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Clark County, Wisconsin|Clark]]

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         =

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref  =  Imperial
|area_footnotes           =

|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 92.5
|area_land_km2            = 92.5
|area_water_km2           = 0.0
|area_total_sq_mi         = 35.7
|area_land_sq_mi          = 35.7
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.0

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[United States Census, 2000|2000]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 698
|population_density_km2   = 7.5
|population_density_sq_mi = 19.6

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
|elevation_m              = 381
|elevation_ft             = 1250
|coordinates              = {{coord|44|54|19|N|90|36|30|W|region:US-WI|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type         = 
|postal_code              = 
|area_code                = [[Area codes 715 and 534|715 & 534]]  
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 55-45700<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1583598<ref name="GR3" />
|blank2_name              = [[Public Land Survey System|PLSS]] township
|blank2_info              = T28N R2W
|website                  = https://townoflongwood.com/
|footnotes                = 
}}
'''Longwood''' is a town in [[Clark County, Wisconsin|Clark County]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Wisconsin]]. The population was 698 at the 2000 census.

==Geography==
[[File:Longwood Wisconsin.jpg|thumb|left]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 35.7&nbsp;square miles (92.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), of which, 35.7&nbsp;square&nbsp;miles (92.5&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>) of it is land and 0.03% is water.

==History==
The six mile square that would become Longwood was first [[Surveying|surveyed]] in June of 1847 by a crew working for the U.S. government. Then in December of 1848 another crew marked all the [[Section (United States land surveying)|section corners]] in the [[survey township|township]], walking through the woods and swamps, measuring with [[Gunter's chain|chain]] and [[Solar compass|compass]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Land Survey Information|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/SurveyNotes/SurveyInfo.html|publisher=Board of  Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Field Notes for T28N R2W|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/SurveyNotes/SurveyNotes-idx?type=PLSS&twp=T028NR002W|work=Original Field Notes and Plat Maps, 1833-1866|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref> When done, the deputy surveyor filed this general description:
<blockquote>The surface of the township ... is mostly rolling, some slightly rolling and a small part level. There are but few swamps in it except Black Alder swamps along the small streams. The township is watered by [[Black River (Wisconsin)|Black River]], running nearly in a south direction through the western part, and the Sauteetswasin(?) River running through th eeastern part of the township and numerous small streams emptying into them. The soil is generally of a 2nd rate quality, and is mostly tolerably well adapted for agricultural purposes. The timber is [[Pinus strobus|White Pine]], [[Tilia americana|Lind]], [[Birch]], [[Sugar Maple]], [[Acer saccharinum|Soft Maple]], [[Elm]], Black and White [[Oak]], [[Tsuga|Hemlock]], [[Fraxinus|Ash]], [[Ostrya virginiana|Ironwood]] and [[Abies balsamea|Balsam]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Drake|first=Levi P.|title=Interior Field Notes (Dec. 1848)|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/SurveyNotes/SurveyNotes-idx?type=article&byte=12565026&isize=L&twp=T028NR002W|publisher=Board of Commissioners of Public Lands|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref> </blockquote>

An 1873 map of Clark County showed a road reaching up from Neillsville through Greenwood to "Longwood PO" at the current Longwood corners, ending two miles north of there. Though this followed the course of modern Highway 73, this was probably a dirt wagon road. The Popple River is labelled on this map with its modern name - changed from the Indian name in the surveyors' notes above.<ref>{{cite book|last=Glass|first=Louis J.|title=Map of Clark County, Wisconsin|date=1873|publisher=MacBride & Allen|location=Neillsville, Clark County|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/1634/rec/1|access-date=2024-10-19}}</ref>

By 1880 the future town of Longwood was part of a larger town of [[Hixon, Wisconsin|Hixon]]. Much of the land was owned in large blocks by logging operations and land speculators, with [[Cadwallader C. Washburn|C.C. Washburn]], [[Niran Withee|N.H. Withee]], and the D.J. Spaulding Estate holding the largest share. The wagon road along the future Highway 73 had been extended through to the future Withee, where the railroad had just arrived. Other wagon roads followed sections of the future County N, Black River Road, and River Avenue. The 1880 map shows a dozen homesteads scattered along the roads, one school a half mile south of Longwood corner, and another where Black River Road now meets River Ave. The map also shows a "flood dam" in section 13, to help drive logs down the Popple River when the natural flow was insufficient.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bussell|first1=Charles E.|last2=Lee|first2=Allie|title=Map of the County of Clark, Wisconsin|date=1880|publisher=Charles E. Bussell|location=Neillsville, Wis.|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/1636/rec/3|access-date=2024-10-20}}</ref> 

By 1893 Longwood was still part of Hixon township. Lumber companies still owned large chunks, with J.J. Hogan and John S. Owen new major players, but wagon roads had grown to cover more of the town, lined with more settlers on smaller parcels. A schoolhouse had been added where Sandy Lane Road now meets County O, and a sawmill on Black River Road.<ref>{{cite book|last=Stockwell|first=C.S.|title=South Half of Hixon Township|date=1893|publisher=E.P. Noll & Co|location=Philadelphia, PA|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/23800/rec/14|access-date=2024-10-20}}</ref>

A 1906 plat map shows the modern road grid nearly complete. Farms are sprinkled through the township, with large gaps remaining only on the west and east sides. The remaining large blocks of land are mostly owned by W.W. Withee and J.S. Owen. The community at Longwood corner shows a blacksmith, a store, two churches, a creamery, and a school. The two rural schools nearby had disappeared, but another rural school had appeared on the future 73 north of Eddy Road. Another church had appeared in the southwest part of the town north of where County O meets Popple River Road.  By this time Longwood corner also had a creamery. <ref>{{cite book|last=Ogle|first=George A.|title=Standard Atlas of Clark County, Wisconsin, Including a Plat Book of the Villages, Cities, and Townships of the County|date=1906|publisher=George A. Ogle & Co.|location=Chicago, Ill.|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/21964/rec/6|access-date=2024-10-20}}</ref>

A plat map from around 1920 shows the modern road grid complete and much of town settled, except for a few parcels owned by lumber enterprises. Two more cheese factories had been added - one where Colby Factory Road and River Avenue now cross and one where County N now meets O. The transition from logging to agriculture was well underway.<ref>{{cite book|last=Paetzold|first=C.H.|title=Map of Clark County, State of Wisconsin|date=1920|publisher=C.H. Paetzold |location=Wausau, WI|page=36|url=https://content.wisconsinhistory.org/digital/collection/maps/id/17562/rec/9|access-date=2024-10-20}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 698 people, 226 households, and 181 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was 19.6 people per square mile (7.5/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 241 housing units at an average density of 6.8 per square mile (2.6/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the town was 99.57% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.14% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], and 0.29% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.72% of the population.

There were 226 households, out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.09 and the average family size was 3.49.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 34.1% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $30,000, and the median income for a family was $33,333. Males had a median income of $26,339 versus $21,346 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $13,200. About 9.8% of families and 17.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 33.3% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
<references />
{{Clark County, Wisconsin}}
{{coord|44|53|13|N|90|35|53|W|type:city_region:US-WI|display=title}}

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[[Category:Towns in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Towns in Clark County, Wisconsin]]