Editing London Borough of Lambeth

{{Short description|London borough in the United Kingdom}}
{{about|the London borough|the district within the wider borough|Lambeth}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = 
| official_name            = London Borough of Lambeth
| other_name               = 
| settlement_type          = [[London boroughs|London borough]]
| image_skyline            = {{multiple images|perrow=2|total_width=250|align=center
|image1=06 2023 London Eye seen from the West IMG 7510.jpg
|image2=London Waterloo Station - geograph.org.uk - 3046371.jpg
|image3=Lambeth Bridge from the Thames.jpg
|image4=Vauxhall Bridge - geograph.org.uk - 4694684.jpg
|image5=Lambeth Palace London (3).jpg
|image6=Lambeth Town Hall, May 2015 02.jpg
|image7=Path on Clapham Common - geograph.org.uk - 2644490.jpg
|image8=The Kia Oval - geograph.org.uk - 4645561.jpg}}
| image_caption  ={{ubl|Left to right|Top: [[London Eye]] and [[London Waterloo station|Waterloo Station]]|Upper: [[Lambeth Bridge]] and [[Vauxhall Bridge]]|Lower: [[Lambeth Palace]] and [[Lambeth Town Hall|Brixton Town Hall]]|Bottom: [[Clapham Common]] and [[The Oval]]}}
| image_alt                = 
| image_shield             = Coat of Arms of the London Borough of Lambeth.svg
| shield_size              = 100px
| shield_alt               = 
| shield_link              = 
| image_blank_emblem       = Lb_lambeth_logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type        = Council logo
| blank_emblem_size        = 100px
| blank_emblem_alt         = 
| blank_emblem_link        = 
| motto                    = ''Spectemur agendo''<br />(Let us be judged by our acts)
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map                = Lambeth in Greater London.svg
| map_alt                  = 
| map_caption              = Lambeth shown within [[Greater London]]
| coor_pinpoint            = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates              = {{Coord|51.460218|N|0.121445|W|region:GB-LBH_type:city|display=title}}
| coordinates_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name         = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[Country of the United Kingdom|Constituent country]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[England]]
| subdivision_type3        = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name3        = [[Greater London|London]]
| subdivision_type4        = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]
| subdivision_name4        = [[Greater London]]
| established_title        = Created
| established_date         = 1 April 1965
| established_title1       = 
| established_date1        = 
| named_for                = 
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type                = Admin HQ
| seat                     = [[Brixton Hill]], [[Lambeth Town Hall]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type          = [[London borough council]]
| governing_body           = [[Lambeth London Borough Council]]
| leader_title2            = London&nbsp;Assembly
| leader_name2             = [[Marina Ahmad]]  ([[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]])
| leader_title3            = [[List of MPs elected in the 2010 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name3             = [[Florence Eshalomi]] ([[Labour and Co-operative|Labour Co-op]])<br /> [[Helen Hayes (politician)|Helen Hayes]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]) <br /> [[Bell Ribeiro-Addy]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]])
| total_type               = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref                = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area ---------------------->
| area_footnotes           = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_magnitude           = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_total_km2           = 26.82
| area_total_sq_mi         = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details -->
| area_total_dunam         = <!-- used in Middle East articles only -->
| area_land_km2            = 
| area_land_sq_mi          = 
| area_water_km2           = 
| area_water_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_percent       = 
| area_urban_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_urban_km2           = 
| area_urban_sq_mi         = 
| area_rural_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_rural_km2           = 
| area_rural_sq_mi         = 
| area_metro_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_metro_km2           = 
| area_metro_sq_mi         = 
| area_rank                = {{English district area rank|ONS=00AY|GSS=E09000022}} [[List of English districts by area|(of {{English district total}})]]
| area_blank1_title        = 
| area_blank1_km2          = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi        = 
| area_blank2_title        = 
| area_blank2_km2          = 
| area_blank2_sq_mi        = 
<!-- population ---------------->
| population_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total         = {{English district population|ONS=00AY|GSS=E09000022}}
| population_as_of         = {{United Kingdom statistics year}}
| population_rank          = {{English district rank|ONS=00AY|GSS=E09000022}} [[List of English districts by population|(of {{English district total}})]]
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_blank2_title  = 
| population_blank2        = 
| population_demonym       = 
<!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone                 = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset               = ±00:00{{!}}UTC
| timezone_DST             = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset_DST           = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
| postal_code_type         = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcodes]]
| postal_code              = {{postcode|SE}}, {{postcode|SW}}
| area_code_type           = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code                = [[020]]
| geocode                  = 
| iso_code                 = GB-LBH
| registration_plate       = <!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank1_name              = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info              = 00AY
| blank2_name              = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]
| blank2_info              = E09000022
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2          = [[List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom|Police]]
| blank_info_sec2          = [[Metropolitan Police]]
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
| website                  = [http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/ www.lambeth.gov.uk]
| footnotes                = 
}}

'''Lambeth''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-LBLambeth.ogg|ˈ|l|æ|m|b|@|θ}})<ref>[http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lambeth "Lambeth"]. ''Collins Dictionary''.</ref> is a [[London boroughs|London borough]] in [[South London]], [[England]], which forms part of [[Inner London]]. Its name was recorded in 1062 as ''Lambehitha'' ("landing place for lambs") and in 1255 as ''Lambeth''. The geographical centre of [[London]] is at Frazier Street near [[Lambeth North tube station]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://londonist.com/2014/04/where-is-the-centre-of-london-an-update |title=Where is the Centre of London? An Update &#124; Londonist |access-date=2016-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530092718/http://londonist.com/2014/04/where-is-the-centre-of-london-an-update |archive-date=30 May 2016 }}</ref> though nearby [[Charing Cross]] on the other side of the Thames in the City of Westminster is traditionally considered the centre of London.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/articles/2005/08/15/charingcross_feature.shtml|title=Where Is The Centre Of London?|last=BBC}}</ref>

==History==
{{For|the predecessor borough which existed from 1900 to 1965|Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth}}
The area of the modern borough had historically been part of the county of [[Surrey]], and generally corresponds to the three [[ancient parish]]es of [[Lambeth]], [[Clapham]] and [[Streatham]].

The parish of Lambeth included the archiepiscopal [[Lambeth Palace]], and formed part of the [[Hundred of Brixton]]. It was an elongated north–south parish with {{convert|2|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} of [[River Thames]] frontage opposite the cities of [[City of London|London]] and [[City and Liberty of Westminster|Westminster]]. Lambeth became part of the [[Metropolitan Police District]] in 1829.

From 1856 the area of the modern borough was governed by the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]], which was established to provide services across the [[metropolis]] of London.<ref>[[Metropolis Management Act 1855]] (18 & 19 Vict. c. 120)</ref> In 1889 the Metropolitan Board of Works' area was made the [[County of London]]. From 1856 until 1900 the lower tier of local government within the metropolis comprised various [[List of London vestries and district boards|parish vestries and district boards]]; the parish of Lambeth was governed by its [[vestry]], whilst Clapham and Streatham were both included in the [[Wandsworth District (Metropolis)|Wandsworth District]]. In 1900 the lower tier was reorganised into [[Metropolitan boroughs of the County of London|metropolitan boroughs]]. The parish of Lambeth became the [[Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth]], and the old Wandsworth District became the [[Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth]].<ref>[[London Government Act 1899]] (62 & 63 Vict. c. 14)</ref>

The modern London borough was created in 1965 under the [[London Government Act 1963]]. It was a merger of the old borough of Lambeth and the Clapham and Streatham areas from the old Wandsworth borough.<ref>{{cite book | first=Frederic |last=Youngs | title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England | volume=I: Southern England | year=1979 | publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]] | location=London | isbn=0-901050-67-9}}</ref>

When the government was drafting the boundaries for the London boroughs in the early 1960s, it initially suggested that the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth and the [[Metropolitan Borough of Southwark]] be merged into a new borough; the southern and eastern sections of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth]] (including [[Clapham]], [[Streatham]] and [[Tooting]]) would form another. South Shields town clerk R.S. Young was commissioned to make final recommendations to the government on the shape of the future London boroughs, and he noted that the Wandsworth council opposed the partition of its borough. However, Wandsworth's suggestion to merge Lambeth with the [[Metropolitan Borough of Battersea]] was rejected by both councils involved. Young believed that residents of Clapham and Streatham would be more familiar with Brixton than with Wandsworth, and recommended a new borough formed from the Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth and six wards and portions of two others from the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth.<ref>"London Government: The London Boroughs", Ministry of Housing and Local Government, HMSO, 1962. See in particular paragraphs 51–57.</ref>

In the [[2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum|2016 European Union referendum]], Lambeth had the highest share of Remain votes in the United Kingdom at 78.62%, second to overseas territory [[Gibraltar]]'s 95.9%.<ref>{{cite news|title=EU referendum: full results and analysis|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/ng-interactive/2016/jun/23/eu-referendum-live-results-and-analysis|newspaper=The Guardian|date=24 June 2016}}</ref>

==Geography==
Lambeth is a long, thin borough, about {{convert|3|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} wide and {{convert|7|mi|km|0|abbr=off|spell=on}} long.  [[Brixton]] is its civic centre, and there are other town centres. The largest shopping areas are (in order of size) [[Streatham]], [[Brixton]], [[Vauxhall]], [[Clapham]] and [[West Norwood]].

In the northern part of the borough are the [[central London]] districts of the [[South Bank]], [[Vauxhall]] and [[Lambeth]]; in the south are the suburbs of [[Gipsy Hill]], [[Streatham]], [[West Dulwich]] and [[West Norwood]]. In between are the developed and inner-city districts of [[Brixton]], [[Brixton Hill]], [[Streatham Hill]], [[Clapham]], [[Clapham Park]], [[Herne Hill]], [[Stockwell]], [[Tulse Hill]] and [[Kennington]], each at different stages of [[gentrification]] with suburban and urban elements. [[Vauxhall]] and [[South Lambeth]] are central districts in the process of redevelopment with high-density [[commerce|business]] and residential property. [[Streatham]] lies between suburban London and inner-city [[Brixton]], with the suburban and developed areas of [[Streatham]], [[Streatham Hill]] and [[Streatham Vale]].

The [[London Borough of Southwark]] lies to the east of the Borough of Lambeth. To the west is the [[London Borough of Wandsworth]]; to the south-west is the [[London Borough of Merton]]; and to the south is the [[London Borough of Croydon]] and the [[London Borough of Bromley]].

==={{anchor|Parks and green spaces}}Parks and green space===
{{Main|Lambeth parks and open spaces}}
Lambeth's open spaces include [[Brockwell Park]] and [[Brockwell Lido|Lido]], [[Streatham Common]], half of [[Clapham Common]], [[West Norwood Cemetery]], [[Archbishop's Park]], [[Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens]] and [[Ruskin Park|Ruskin]] Larkhall and [[Kennington Park]]s.

==={{anchor|Districts within the Borough of Lambeth}}Landmarks===
Along and around the [[Southbank Centre|South Bank]], a tourist area has developed around the former [[Greater London Council]] headquarters of [[County Hall, London|County Hall]] and the [[Southbank Centre]] and [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]. Also on the river is the [[London Eye]] and [[Shell Centre]]. Nearby is [[St Thomas' Hospital]], [[Lambeth Palace]] and the [[Florence Nightingale Museum]]. Nearby is [[Brixton]], home of [[Lambeth Town Hall]] and the [[Brixton Murals]] and [[MI6 headquarters]].

[[File:London Eye Twilight April 2006.jpg|thumb|alt=Large Ferris wheel at twilight|London Eye]]
[[File:SunlightLaundryLambeth.JPG|thumb|alt=Long white building in winter, with trees in front|Sunlight Laundry]]

Landmark church buildings include:
* [[St Mary's Church, Lambeth|St Mary's, Lambeth]] (now the [[Garden Museum]])
* The four "Waterloo Churches" in the former Lambeth Parish:
** [[St Matthew's Church, Brixton|St Matthew's, Brixton]] 
** [[St Mark's Church, Kennington|St Mark's, Kennington]]
** [[St Luke's Church, West Norwood|St Luke's, West Norwood]]
** [[St John's Church, Waterloo|St John's, Waterloo]]
* [[Holy Trinity Church, Clapham|Holy Trinity, Clapham]]
* [[St Leonard's Church, Streatham|St Leonard's, Streatham]]
* Christ Church, Streatham Hill
* [[Christ Church Brixton Road|Christ Church]] (Church of England), Brixton Road, North Brixton
* [[All Saints' Church, West Dulwich]] (Church of England)
* [[Holy Trinity Church, Tulse Hill|Holy Trinity]], Trinity Rise, Tulse Hill
* [[St John the Divine, Kennington|St John the Divine]] (Church of England), Vassall Road

[[File:Saint John The Divine Kennington.jpg|thumb|alt=Red brick church with tall spire|St John the Divine on Vassall Road]]

[[The Oval]] cricket ground in [[Kennington]] is the home of Surrey County Cricket.

The Basaveshwara statue at the Albert Embankment erected by the former Mayor of Lambeth [[Neeraj Patil]] was unveiled by the [[Prime Minister of India]] on 14 November 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-unveils-basaveshwara-statue-inaugurates-dr-ambedkar-memorial-in-london/|title=PM unveils Basaveshwara Statue, inaugurates Dr Ambedkar Memorial in London|date=2014-11-14|website=PMindia|language=en|access-date=2019-11-22}}</ref>

===Geology===
The bedrock of the London Borough of Lambeth is  London Clay Formation, clay and silt formed in the [[Palaeogene]] period between 56 and 47.8 million years ago (mya)<ref name="BGS London clay">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=LC|title=London Clay Formation|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> with one small arc of Lambeth Group clay, silt and sand (at the base of the London Clay Formation) of the same period, leading from the southeast of Brockwell Park and under Croxted Road, formed between 59.2 and 47.8 mya.<ref name="BGS Lambeth Group">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=LMBE|title=Lambeth Group|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="BGS">{{cite web|url=https://geologyviewer.bgs.ac.uk/|title=Geology Viewr|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref>
[[File:DM2025 London Borough of Lambeth bedrock and superficial rock.jpg|thumb|Map showing the bedrock and overlying superficial deposits of the London Borough of Lambeth.]]
There are a number of members of overlying superficial rocks from the [[Quaternary]] period. Close to the Thames, around Waterloo Station for example, the rock is estuarine alluvium made of clay, silt, sand and peat formed from 11.8 thousand years ago (tya) to the present.<ref name="BGS Alluvium">{{cite web|url=
https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=ALV|title=Alluvium|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> South of that is a Kempton Park Gravel member, formed between 116 and 11.8 tya<ref name="BGS Kempton Park">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=KPGR|title=Kempton Park Gravel Member|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> which extends south past Stockwell station approximately to Jeffrey's Road, with small areas of [[Brickearth|Langley Silt]] of the same age in the east and west.<ref name="BGS Langley Silt">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=LASI|title=Langley Silt Member|website=British Geological survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> In the east, along Herne Hill and Denmark Hill is a Boyn Hill Gravel member, deposited between 423 and 126 tya.<ref name="BGS Boyn Hill">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=BHT|title=Boyn Hill Gravel Member|website=British Geological survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> Further south are areas of Head (poorly sorted clay, silt, sand and gravel laid up to 2.588 mya associated with slow-moving, waterlogged soil)<ref name="BGS Head">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=HEAD|title=Head|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> e.g. from Clapham North station to Atkins road and Streatham Hill, Lynch Hill Gravel (sand and gravel, 326 to 126 tya)<ref name="BGS Lynch Hill">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=LHGR|title=Lynch Hill Gravel Member|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> under most of Clapham Commom, Hackney Gravel (sand and gravel, 326 to 126 tya)<ref name="BGS Hackney">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=HAGR|title=Hackney Gravel Member|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> west of Clapham North station, [[Black Park#Geology|Black Park Gravel]] (sand and gravel, 480 to 423 tya)<ref name="BGS Black Park">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=BPGR|title=Black Park Gravel Member|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> making up the high parts of Streatham Hill and Knights Hill and Taplow Gravel (sand and gravel, 362 to 126 tya)<ref name="BGS Taplow">{{cite web|url=https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=TPGR|title=Taplow Gravel Member|website=British Geological Survey|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> under Brixton, the southern part of Stockwell Road and up to Camberwell New Road. In the very southeast and southwest is more Head, along with Hackney Gravel under Streatham Vale. In the south and southeast around Leigham Court Road, Crown Lane, Central Hill and Westow Hill are unnamed sand and gravel deposits.<ref name="BGS"/> 

Elevations in Lambeth range from 0 metres at the intertidal area of the Thames, 3 to 4 metres in flat, built-on areas at the river bank up to 111 metres in the southeast by the junction of Westow Hill and Crystal Palace Parade.<ref name="BGS"/>

==Governance==
{{main|Lambeth London Borough Council}}
[[File:Lambeth Town Hall (8715334040).jpg|thumb|[[Lambeth Town Hall]], completed in 1908]]
The local authority is Lambeth Council, which meets at [[Lambeth Town Hall]] in the [[Brixton]] area of the borough and has its main offices at the nearby Civic Centre.

===Greater London representation===
Since 2000, for elections to the [[London Assembly]], the borough forms part of the [[Lambeth and Southwark (London Assembly constituency)|Lambeth and Southwark]] constituency.

===Westminster Parliament===
The borough has three [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliamentary]] constituencies: [[Dulwich and West Norwood (UK Parliament constituency)|Dulwich and West Norwood]] (shared with [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]]), [[Clapham and Brixton Hill (UK Parliament constituency)|Clapham and Brixton Hill]], and [[Vauxhall and Camberwell Green (UK Parliament constituency)|Vauxhall and Camberwell Green]] (also shared with [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]]).

==Demography==
[[File:Lambeth population pyramid.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of the Borough of Lambeth in 2021]]
{{Historical populations
| title= Population census
| percentages = 
| 1801 |34135
| 1811 |49511
| 1821 |68458
| 1831 |102524
| 1841 |131131
| 1851 |158559
| 1861 |204252
| 1871 |249945
| 1881 |295637
| 1891 |332619
| 1901 |357316
| 1911 |383848
| 1921 |388779
| 1931 |393782
| 1941 |355970
| 1951 |321795
| 1961 |315184
| 1971 |308740
| 1981 |244153
| 1991 |256406
| 2001 |266170
| 2011 |303086
|footnote=Note:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10057346&c_id=10001043&add=N|title=Lambeth: Total Population |access-date=6 September 2011 |work=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=Great Britain Historical GIS Project }}</ref>
}}

===Ethnicity===
[[File:Ethnic makeup of Lambeth by single year ages in 2021.svg|thumb|Ethnic makeup of Lambeth by single year ages in 2021]]
Initial migration from the West Indies accounted for a significant part of the population since the 1960s onwards. Around 10,000 Afro-Caribbeans were apart of Lambeths population in 1963.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colour and the British electorate 1964: six case studies |url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/first-edition/Colour-British-electorate-1964-case-studies/31301208823/bd |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.abebooks.co.uk |page=14 |language=en-GB |quote=None the less, by 1963 a survey’ carried out by the London Council of Social Service estimated that there were 10,000 West Indians in Lambeth, and according to well-informed West Indians living in the area this is almost certainly an underestimate.}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="14" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1966 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frasure |first=Robert C. |date=1971 |title=Constituency Racial Composition and the Attitudes of British M. P.'s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/421299 |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=201–210 |doi=10.2307/421299 |jstor=421299 |issn=0010-4159}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=KRAMER |first=DANIEL C. |date=1969 |title=White Versus Colored in Britain: An Explosive Confrontation? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40969991 |journal=Social Research |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=585–605 |jstor=40969991 |issn=0037-783X}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migration and London's growth |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/74375221.pdf#page=94 |publisher=LSE}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Peach |first=Ceri |date=1986-07-01 |title=A geographical perspective on the 1981 urban riots in England |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1986.9993541 |journal=Ethnic and Racial Studies |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=396–411 |doi=10.1080/01419870.1986.9993541 |issn=0141-9870 |quote=The scale of the area for which one makes the definition will clearly affect the percentage. For example, in Great Britain the coloured ethnic population may form 4 per cent of the population; in England 4.6 per cent; in Greater London 14.3 per cent; in Lambeth 23.0 per cent; in Ferndale ward 43.3 percent and in certain streets, 100 per cent. In making statistical analyses of riots there is a major problem of the appropriate a real scale}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991 census<ref name=":05">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=1991 census – theme tables |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/asv2htm.aspx |access-date=20 January 2017 |publisher=NOMIS}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/submit.asp?forward=yes&menuopt=201&subcomp= |title=KS006 - Ethnic group  |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/QS201EW/view/2013265927?cols=measures |title=Ethnic Group by measures |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=2 September 2014}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
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![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!–
!93.3%
!–
!86.2%
!189,718
!76.3%
!178,168
!69.4%
!166,058
!62.39%
!173,025
!57.09%
!174,778
!55%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 131,939|| 49.57%|| 118,250|| 39.02%
|119,395
|37.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 8,689|| 3.26%|| 7,456|| 2.46%
|6,828
|2.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| –|| –|| 195|| 0.06%
|146
|0.0%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,537
|0.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 25,430|| 9.55%|| 47,124|| 15.55%
|46,872
|14.8%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!10,663
!4.3%
!15,609
!6.1%!! 15,526 !! 5.83%!!20,938 !! 6.91%
!23,051
!7.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,328
|1.7%
|5,500
| 2.1%|| 5,316|| 2.00%|| 4,983|| 1.64%
|6,054
|1.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,632
|0.6%
|2,120
| 0.8%|| 2,634|| 0.99%|| 3,072|| 1.01%
|3,868
|1.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|917
|0.4%
|1,646
| 0.6%|| 2,169|| 0.81%|| 2,221|| 0.73%
|2,502
|0.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,104
|0.8%
|3,224
| 1.3%|| 3,362|| 1.26%|| 4,573|| 1.51%
|4,986
|1.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,682
|0.7%
|3,119
| 1.2%|| 2,045|| 0.77%|| 6,089|| 2.01%
|5,641
|1.8%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total  
!–
!–
!–
!–
!43,978
!17.7%
!56,793
!22.1%!! 68,554 !! 25.76%!!78,542 !! 25.91%
!76,145
!24%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|10,883
|4.4%
|17,018
| 6.6%|| 30,836|| 11.59%|| 35,187|| 11.61%
|37,359
|11.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|27,564
|11.1%
|32,702
| 12.7%|| 32,139|| 12.07%|| 28,886|| 9.53%
|28,991
|9.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,531
|2.2%
|7,073
| 2.7%|| 5,579|| 2.10%|| 14,469|| 4.77%
|9,795
|3.1%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–!! 12,854 !! 4.83%!!23,160 !! 7.64%
!25,630
!8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 5,322|| 2.00%|| 8,302|| 2.74%
|8,348
|2.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black African 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 2,159|| 0.81%|| 4,301|| 1.42%
|4,006
|1.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Asian 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 2,100|| 0.79%|| 3,574|| 1.18%
|4,541
|1.4%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: Other Mixed 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 3,273 || 1.23%|| 6,983|| 2.30%
|8,735
|2.7%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Other: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!4,331
!1.7%
!6,031
! 2.4%!! 3,177 !! 1.19%!!7,421 !! 2.45%
!18,046
!5.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Arab 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| –|| –|| 1,728|| 0.57%
|2,649
|0.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Any other ethnic group 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 3,177|| 1.19%|| 5,693|| 1.88%
|15,397
|4.8%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Ethnic minority: Total 
!–
!6.7%
!–
!13.8%
!58,972
!23.7%
!78,433
!30.6%!! 100,111 !! 37.61%!!130,061 !! 42.91%
!142,872
!45%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Total 
!–
!100%
!–
!100%
!248,690
!100%
!256,601
!100%!! 266,169 !! 100.00%!!303,086 !! 100.00%
!317,650
!100%
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="3" |Ethnicity of Pupils in Lambeth
|-
!2000<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lambeth Pupil Survey 2023 |url=https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2024-02/Lambeth%20Pupil%20Survey%20January%202023.pdf }}</ref>
!2014<ref name=":0" />
!2023<ref name=":0" />
|-
!%
!%
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!38.6%
!29.3%
!30.7%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White British|British]]
|24.9%|| 13.7%|| 15.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|1.4%|| 0.4%|| 0.4%
|-
|White: Portuguese
|4.4%
|5.9%
|3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: Turkish
|0.6%|| 0.4%|| 0.3%
|-
|White: Greek
|0.3%
|0.2%
|0.1%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|7%
|8.7%
|11.6%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total 
!6.7%!! 5.7%!! 6.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
| 1.6%|| 0.7%|| 0.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
| 1.2%|| 1.2%|| 1.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
| 1.9%|| 1.5%|| 1.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
| 1.1%|| 0.8%|| 0.5%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: Vietnamese
|0.9%
|0.2%
|0.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 
| –|| 1.3%|| 1.8%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total  
!54.8%!! 44.7%!! 38.4%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
| 21.2%|| 24.2%|| 21.7%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
| 22.6%|| 16%|| 12.4%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
| 11%|| 4.5%|| 4.3%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total 
!–!! 12.9%!! 15.7%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 
|–|| 4.6%|| 4.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black African 
|–|| 2%|| 2.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Asian 
|–|| 0.9%|| 1.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: Other Mixed 
|–|| 5.4%|| 7.5%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Other: Total 
!–!! 4.6%!! 5.9%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Ethnic minority: Total 
!61.4%!! 70.7%!! 69.3%
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Total 
!100%!! 100%!! 100%
|}

=== Language ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|+Main languages spoken by all Lambeth pupils (%)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Association |first=Local Government |title=Lambeth State of the Borough 2016 |url=https://lginform.local.gov.uk/reports/view/thomas-denton-1/lambeth-state-of-the-borough-2016?mod-area=E06000052&mod-group=AllRegions_England&mod-type=namedComparisonGroup |access-date=2022-04-11 |website=lginform.local.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Language
!1992
!2014
!2023<ref name=":0" />
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[English language|English]] || 76.0%|| 49.6%
|51.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] || 1.5%|| 7.6%
|6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Spanish language|Spanish]] || 0.9%|| 5.1%
|7.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Somali language|Somali]] || 0.1%|| 4.5%
|3.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[French language|French]] || 1.0%|| 3.7%
|3.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] || 3.2%|| 3.4%
|2.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Akan language|Akan]]/TwiFante  || 1.5%|| 2.7%
|2.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Polish language|Polish]] || 0.1%|| 2.6%
|2.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Arabic]] || 1.2%|| 2.5%
|3.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|1.9%
|1.6%
|1.2%
|}

===Religion===
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Religion
!colspan="2"|2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/components/stdListComponent.asp?menuopt=12&subcomp=100 |title=2011 census - theme tables |access-date=5 September 2014}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | 2021<ref>{{cite web |date=29 Nov 2022 |title=Religion - 2021 census |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129115419/https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1 |archive-date=29 Nov 2022 |access-date=16 Dec 2022 |website=Office of National Statistics}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Christianity|Christian]] || 160,944|| 53.1 || 138,714 || 43.7
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] || 2,963|| 1.0 || 2,437 || 0.8
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Hinduism|Hindu]] || 3,119|| 1.0 || 3,179|| 1.0
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Judaism|Jewish]] || 1,134|| 0.4 || 1,344 || 0.4
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Islam|Muslim]] || 21,500|| 7.1 || 25,871|| 8.1
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Sikhism|Sikh]] || 440 || 0.1 || 527 || 0.2
|-
|style="text-align:left" | Other religion || 1,682|| 0.6 || 2,351|| 0.7
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Atheism|No religion]] || 84,803|| 28.0 || 119,123 || 37.5
|-
|style="text-align:left" | Religion not stated || 26,501|| 8.7% || 24,110 || 7.6
|-
|style="text-align:left" | '''Total''' || '''303,086''' ||'''100.00''' || '''317,600''' || '''100.0'''
|}

===Sexuality===
Lambeth is the local authority with the highest relative [[gay]] or [[lesbian]] population in the UK, at 5.5%, with the borough containing the [[gay village]] of Vauxhall and the area around Clapham Common.<ref name="hotspots">{{cite news|last=Ross|first=Alice|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=2017-04-19|access-date=2019-07-11|title=Out in the country – rural hotspots found as gay population mapped|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/19/out-in-the-country-rural-hotspots-found-as-gay-population-mapped}}</ref>

==Arts==
* [[South London Theatre]], a community theatre in West Norwood
* [[Royal National Theatre|National Theatre]]
* [[Southbank Centre]]
* [[Old Vic Theatre]]
* [[Young Vic Theatre]]
* [[Ballet Rambert]]
* [[British Film Institute]]
* [[Black Cultural Archives]]
* Beconsfield 
* [[Gasworks Gallery]] 
* [[Newport Street Gallery]] 
* [[Ovalhouse]] theatre
* [[Cinema Museum (London)|Cinema Museum]]

==Transport==
The borough covers [[London Waterloo railway station]], the [[Waterloo tube station]] network and (until 2007) the [[Waterloo International railway station|London terminus]] for [[Eurostar]].
[[National Rail]] service in Lambeth is provided by [[South Western Railway (train operating company)|South Western Railway]], [[Southeastern (train operating company)|Southeastern]], [[Southern (train operating company)|Southern]], [[Thameslink]] and [[London Overground]].

===Bridges and tunnels===
[[File:Waterloo from London Eye.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Aerial view of large railway station|[[London Waterloo railway station|Waterloo station]] from the [[London Eye]]]]
[[File:Stockwell Deep Level Shelter Entrance - Diliff.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Round air-raid shelter, with a colourful mural|Stockwell war memorial and shelter]]

*[[Waterloo Bridge]], incorporating the [[National Film Theatre]]
*[[Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges]]
*[[Lambeth Bridge]]
*[[Westminster Bridge]]
*[[Vauxhall Bridge]][[File:Hungerford Bridge, River Thames, London, England.jpg|thumb|alt=Modern rail bridge|[[Hungerford Bridge and Golden Jubilee Bridges]], seen from the north]]

===Railway stations===
*[[Brixton railway station|Brixton]]
*[[Gipsy Hill railway station|Gipsy Hill]]
*[[Herne Hill railway station|Herne Hill]]
*[[Loughborough Junction railway station|Loughborough Junction]]
*[[Streatham railway station|Streatham]]
*[[Streatham Common railway station|Streatham Common]]
*[[Streatham Hill railway station|Streatham Hill]]
*[[Tulse Hill railway station|Tulse Hill]]
*[[Vauxhall railway station|Vauxhall]]
*[[London Waterloo railway station|Waterloo]]
*[[Waterloo East railway station|Waterloo East]]
*[[West Norwood railway station|West Norwood]]

===London Overground stations===
*[[Clapham High Street railway station|Clapham High Street]]
*[[Wandsworth Road railway station|Wandsworth Road]]

===Tube stations===
*[[Brixton tube station|Brixton]]
*[[Clapham Common tube station|Clapham Common]]
*[[Clapham North tube station|Clapham North]]
*[[Lambeth North tube station|Lambeth North]]
*[[Nine Elms tube station|Nine Elms]]
*[[Oval tube station|Oval]]
*[[Stockwell tube station|Stockwell]]
*[[Vauxhall tube station|Vauxhall]]
*[[Waterloo tube station|Waterloo]]

{{anchor|Travel to work}}

===Commuting===
In March 2011, the primary forms of transport borough residents used to travel to work were the London Underground, metro, light rail or tram (21.4 percent of residents aged 16–74); bus, minibus or coach (10 percent); train (10 percent); automobile (8.6 percent); bicycle (5.7 percent), or walking (5.4 percent). A small percentage (3.2 percent) worked mainly at—or from—home.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=23 November 2013}} Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey's longest part by distance.</ref>

==Twinning==
The former [[Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth]] and its successor have been [[town twinning|twinned]] with the [[Vincennes]] district of Paris in France since 1955. Lambeth is also twinned with [[Bluefields]], [[Nicaragua]]; [[Brooklyn]], New York; and [[Spanish Town]], Jamaica.

==Coat of arms==
The borough's coat of arms is that of the former [[Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth]], with two gold stars (mullets) in the second and third quarters of the shield indicating the addition of the districts of [[Clapham]] and [[Streatham]]. Its motto is ''"[[Spectemur agendo]]"'' ("Let us be judged according to our conduct").

==See also==
* [[List of districts in Lambeth]]
* [[List of schools in Lambeth]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikivoyage|London/Lambeth|Lambeth}}
* [http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/ Lambeth.gov.uk] London Borough of Lambeth Official Website
* [http://www.electionmemory.com/ electionmemory.com] Independent Lambeth Council Elections Forum
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060523093948/http://www.lambeth.gov.uk/Services/Environment/ParksGreenSpaces/Parks.htm General information on Lambeth parks and green spaces]
* [http://www.lambethcpcg.org.uk/ Community Police Consultative Group for Lambeth] Independent forum for community and statutory agencies to address community safety and policing issues.

{{LB Lambeth}}
{{London}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lambeth (London borough)}}
[[Category:London Borough of Lambeth| ]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Local authorities adjoining the River Thames]]
[[Category:London boroughs]]