Editing London Borough of Havering

{{Redirect|Havering}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->
| official_name           = London Borough of Havering
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = [[London boroughs|London borough]]
<!-- transliteration(s) -------->
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->
| image_skyline           = 
| imagesize               = 270px
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| image_shield            = Coat of arms of the London Borough of Havering.svg
| shield_size             = 100px
| shield_alt              = 
| shield_link             = 
| image_blank_emblem      = Lb_havering_logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type       = Council logo
| blank_emblem_size       = 100px
| blank_emblem_alt        = 
| blank_emblem_link       = 
| motto                   = Liberty
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map               = Havering in Greater London.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Havering shown within [[Greater London]]
| coor_pinpoint           = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates       = 
| coordinates_footnotes   = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name        = [[United Kingdom]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Country of the United Kingdom|Constituent country]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[England]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Greater London|London]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]
| subdivision_name4       = [[Greater London]]
| subdivision_type5       = 
| subdivision_name5       = 
| established_title       = Created
| established_date        = 1 April 1965
| established_title1      = 
| established_date1       = 
| named_for               = 
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type               = Admin HQ
| seat                    = [[Romford]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type         = [[London borough council]]
| governing_body          = [[Havering London Borough Council]]
| leader_title2           = London&nbsp;Assembly
| leader_name2            = [[Keith Prince]] AM for [[Havering and Redbridge (London Assembly constituency)|Havering and Redbridge]]
| leader_title3           = [[List of MPs elected in the 2010 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name3            = [[Margaret Mullane]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|Lab]])<br />[[Andrew Rosindell]] ([[Conservative Party (UK)|Con]])<br />[[Julia Lopez (politician)|Julia Lopez]] (Con)
| leader_title4           = 
| leader_name4            = 
<!-- display settings  --------->
| total_type              = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref               = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area ---------------------->
| area_footnotes          = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_magnitude          = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_total_km2          = 112.27
| area_total_sq_mi        = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details -->
| area_total_dunam        = <!-- used in Middle East articles only -->
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_land_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_sq_mi        = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_urban_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_urban_km2          = 
| area_urban_sq_mi        = 
| area_rural_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_rural_km2          = 
| area_rural_sq_mi        = 
| area_metro_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_metro_km2          = 
| area_metro_sq_mi        = 
| area_rank               = {{English district area rank|ONS=00AR|GSS=E09000016}} [[List of English districts by area|(of {{English district total}})]]
| area_blank1_title       = 
| area_blank1_km2         = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi       = 
| area_blank2_title       = 
| area_blank2_km2         = 
| area_blank2_sq_mi       = 
<!-- population ---------------->
| population_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total        = {{English district population|ONS=00AR|GSS=E09000016}}
| population_as_of        = {{United Kingdom statistics year}}
| population_rank         = {{English district rank|ONS=00AR|GSS=E09000016}} [[List of English districts by population|(of {{English district total}})]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_sq_mi= 
| population_blank2_title =
| population_blank2       =
| population_demonym      = 
<!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone                = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset              = ±00:00{{!}}UTC
| timezone_DST            = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
| postal_code_type        = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcodes]]
| postal_code             = {{postcode|RM}}
| area_code_type          = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_codes               = [[01708]], [[020]]
| geocode                 =
| iso_code                = GB-HAV
| registration_plate      =
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank1_name             = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info             = 00AR
| blank2_name             = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]
| blank2_info             = E09000016
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2         = [[List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom|Police]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Metropolitan Police]]
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.havering.gov.uk/}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

The '''London Borough of Havering''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-uk-LBHavering.ogg|ˈ|h|eɪ|v|ər|ɪ|ŋ}}) in [[East London]], England, forms part of [[Outer London]]. It has a population of 259,552 inhabitants; the principal town is [[Romford]], while other communities include [[Hornchurch]], [[Upminster]], [[Collier Row]] and [[Rainham, London|Rainham]]. The borough is mainly suburban, with large areas of [[Metropolitan Green Belt|protected open space]]. Romford is a major retail and night time entertainment centre, and to the south the borough extends into the [[London Riverside]] redevelopment area of the [[Thames Gateway]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/media/pdf/8/0/Contents_a-w.pdf | publisher=London Borough of Havering | title=Ideas for London Riverside | access-date=2008-03-20 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406153303/http://www.havering.gov.uk/media/pdf/8/0/Contents_a-w.pdf | archive-date=6 April 2008 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> The name Havering is a reference to the [[Royal Liberty of Havering]] which occupied the area for several centuries. The local authority is [[Havering London Borough Council]]. It is the easternmost London borough.

The neighbouring districts (clockwise from south) are the London boroughs of [[London Borough of Bexley|Bexley]] (across the [[River Thames]]), [[London Borough of Barking and Dagenham|Barking and Dagenham]] and [[London Borough of Redbridge|Redbridge]], the [[Essex]] districts of [[Epping Forest District|Epping Forest]] and [[Borough of Brentwood|Brentwood]], and the [[unitary authority]] of [[Thurrock]].

==History==
===Early history===
{{Main|Royal Liberty of Havering}}
Modern settlement originated in [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon]] times when it consisted of [[Havering Palace]] and the surrounding lands that belonged to the king. The palace itself is known to have existed since at least the reign of [[Edward the Confessor]] when it was one of his primary residences. The area formed a [[liberty (division)|liberty]] from 1465 which included the parishes of Havering-atte-Bower, Hornchurch and Romford.

The name Havering appears in documents from around the 12th century. The origins of this name have been debated by historians since the [[Middle Ages]] when it was linked to the legend of [[Edward the Confessor]] and a mystical ring returned to him by Saint [[John the Apostle]]. This event has been commemorated in stained glass (from about 1407) in a chapel at Romford dedicated to the king.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=42806|title=Parishes: Havering-atte-Bower|series=A History of the County of Essex|volume=7|year=1978|pages= 9–17|access-date=4 June 2007}}</ref>

===Settlement===
[[London Underground]] and fast [[National Rail|rail services]] to [[central London]] resulted in considerable residential land use mixed with designated parklands and farmland under the planning policy of the predecessor local authorities and current authority during the 20th century and into the early 21st century.

The development of the borough came in two distinct phases. The first [[middle class]] suburban developments were built in the late Victorian and Edwardian period. The garden suburbs of Upminster, Emerson Park and Gidea Park (also known as Romford Garden Suburb) were spurred on by the building of the railway lines through Havering from Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street in the late 19th century.

In the 1930s the District Line was electrified and extended to Upminster with new stations at [[Elm Park tube station|Elm Park]] and [[Upminster Bridge tube station|Upminster Bridge]]. Also at this time new industries near the area such as the [[Ford Motor Company]] plant at [[Dagenham]] caused a new wave of mostly [[working class]] developments along the route of the new Underground line. In addition to this, to the north of the borough, the large housing estates of [[Harold Hill]] and [[Collier Row]] were constructed to deal with the chronic housing shortages and early [[Slum clearance in the United Kingdom|slum clearance]] programmes in central London.

===Administrative history===
The borough was created in 1965 under the [[London Government Act 1963]], covering the combined area of the former [[Municipal Borough of Romford]] and [[Hornchurch Urban District]]. The area was transferred from [[Essex]] to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs.<ref>{{cite book | first=Frederic |last=Youngs | title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England | volume=I: Southern England | year=1979 | publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]] | location=London | isbn=0-901050-67-9}}</ref>

Romford had been a [[Local board of health|local board district]] from 1851.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Cuthbert |title=The Acts for Promoting the Public Health, 1848 to 1851 |date=1852 |publisher=Charles Knight |location=London |page=227 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7gDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA227 |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref> It was converted into an [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban district]] in 1894, was enlarged in 1934 to take in the neighbouring parishes of [[Havering-atte-Bower]] and [[Noak Hill]], and was incorporated to become a [[municipal borough]] in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |title=Romford Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10073303#tab02 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>

The parish of [[Hornchurch]] had been made an urban district in 1926, which was enlarged in 1934 to take in the parishes of [[Cranham]], [[Great Warley]], [[Rainham, London|Rainham]], [[Upminster]] and [[Wennington, London|Wennington]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hornchurch Urban District |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7gDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA227 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time | date=1852 |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>

The new borough was named after the former [[Royal Liberty of Havering]], which had covered a similar area.

==Districts==
[[File:Queens theatre hornchurch.jpg|thumb|[[Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch]]]]
{{See also|List of districts in Havering}}

This pattern of the 'garden suburb' with inter- and post-war private housing developments occurred widely across the borough, with small estates of [[social housing]] representing a low percentage of housing in any single council ward; six of the 30 [[Wards of the United Kingdom|electoral wards]] with fewer than 2% social housing are in the borough: Hylands, Mawneys, Pettits, Hacton and the two wards forming [[Upminster]], Cranham and Upminster Ward.<ref name=ons>{{cite web|url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk|title=Key Statistics: Population; Quick Statistics: Economic indicators|publisher=[[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011]] and [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 censuses]]|access-date=2015-02-27}}</ref> Plans to extend existing developments in much of the borough are blocked as open land is protected as part of the [[Metropolitan Green Belt]]. In contrast, the southern part of Havering adjacent to the Thames is within the [[London Riverside]] section of the [[Thames Gateway]] redevelopment area. New open spaces and large scale house building to provide an entirely new residential community is planned.

The most built-up areas are the traditional garden suburb districts of [[Hornchurch]], [[Emerson Park]], [[Gidea Park]], [[Harold Wood]], [[Romford]] and [[Upminster]]. These places have developed over the last hundred years to form a large area of continuous [[urban sprawl]] with indistinct boundaries.

A 2017 study found that, when comparing low-end rent to low-end earnings, private rented housing in Havering is the most affordable of any London borough.<ref>{{cite web |title=London's Poverty Profile |url=https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/data/rents-and-affordability/ |website=Trust for London |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref>

Named neighbourhoods are the developments of [[Ardleigh Green]], [[Chase Cross]], [[Collier Row]], [[Elm Park]], [[Harold Hill]], [[Rainham, London|Rainham]]. The borough's [[exurb]]s with [[buffer zone|green buffers]] of farmland or parkland are:

*[[Havering-atte-Bower]]
*[[North Ockendon]]
*[[Noak Hill]]
*[[Wennington, London|Wennington]]

==Governance==
{{main|Havering London Borough Council}}
[[File:Havering town hall london.jpg|thumb|[[Havering Town Hall]]]]
The local authority is Havering Council, based at [[Havering Town Hall]] (formerly Romford Town Hall) in Romford.<ref>{{NHLE|desc=Havering Town Hall|num=1245551|grade=II|access-date=15 April 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Havering London UK blank ward map 2022.svg|thumb|A map showing the wards of Havering since 2022]]

Havering elects 55 councillors from 20 wards:
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2021/1053/schedule/made|title=The London Borough of Havering (Electoral Changes) Order 2021|date=20 September 2021|access-date=13 November 2021|website=[[gov.uk]]}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em| 
#[[Beam Park (ward)|Beam Park]] (2)
#[[Cranham (ward)|Cranham]] (3)
#[[Elm Park (ward)|Elm Park]] (3)
#[[Emerson Park (ward)|Emerson Park]] (2)
#[[Gooshays (ward)|Gooshays]] (3)
#[[Hacton (ward)|Hacton]] (2)
#[[Harold Wood (ward)|Harold Wood]] (3)
#[[Havering-atte-Bower (ward)|Havering-atte-Bower]] (3)
#[[Heaton (Havering ward)|Heaton]] (3)
#[[Hylands and Harrow Lodge (ward)|Hylands & Harrow Lodge]] (3)
#[[Marshalls and Rise Park (ward)|Marshalls & Rise Park]] (3)
#[[Mawneys (ward)|Mawneys]] (3)
#[[Rainham and Wennington (ward)|Rainham & Wennington]] (3)
#[[Rush Green and Crowlands (ward)|Rush Green & Crowlands]] (3)
#[[South Hornchurch (ward)|South Hornchurch]] (2)
#[[Squirrel's Heath (ward)|Squirrels Heath]] (3)
#[[St Alban's (ward)|St Alban's]] (2)
#[[St Andrew's (ward)|St Andrew's]] (3)
#[[St Edward's (ward)|St Edward's]] (3)
#[[Upminster (ward)|Upminster]] (3)}}

===Greater London representation===
For elections to the [[Greater London Council]], the borough formed the [[Havering (electoral division)|Havering]] electoral division, electing three members. In 1973 it was divided into the single-member [[Hornchurch (electoral division)|Hornchurch]], [[Romford (electoral division)|Romford]] and [[Upminster (electoral division)|Upminster]] electoral divisions.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Boothroyd |first1=David |title=Greater London Council Election results: Havering |url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/glc/glchv.html |website=United Kingdom Election Results |access-date=17 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324195108/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/glc/glchv.html |archive-date=24 March 2016}}</ref> The Greater London Council was abolished in 1986.

Since 2000, for elections to the [[London Assembly]], the borough forms part of the [[Havering and Redbridge (London Assembly constituency)|Havering and Redbridge]] constituency.

===UK Parliament===
Until 2010 the borough was split between the [[List of Parliamentary constituencies in the United Kingdom|parliamentary constituencies]] of [[Hornchurch (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornchurch]], [[Romford (UK Parliament constituency)|Romford]] and [[Upminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Upminster]] with the three constituencies entirely within the borough. At the [[2010 United Kingdom general election]], the boundaries of these constituencies changed to a new [[Hornchurch and Upminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornchurch and Upminster]] constituency and Rainham became part of the new cross-borough [[Dagenham and Rainham (UK Parliament constituency)|Dagenham and Rainham]] constituency.

==Population==
[[File:Havering population pyramid.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of the Borough of Havering]]
In 2011, the borough had a population of 237,232 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls|title=Key statistics for Local Authorities in England Wales|publisher=Office of National Statistics}}</ref> over {{convert|43|sqmi|km2|1}}. Havering has a lower population density than other London Boroughs as large areas are parkland and {{convert|23|sqmi|km2|0}} (more than half the borough) is [[Metropolitan Green Belt]] protected land. Those areas of development are extensive but rarely intensive. It has, at 4.5%, a below average unemployment rate for Greater London,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks601ew.xls|title=Key statistics for Local Authorities in England Wales|publisher=Office of National Statistics}}</ref> and one of the lowest crime rates.

Havering has a significantly higher proportion of residents in white ethnic groups than other outer London boroughs (87.7% – [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]]). The Black African population is the most significant minority ethnic group in Havering (3.2%). The Upminster ward of the borough is the third least ethnically diverse in Greater London, with a [[Diversity index|Simpson's diversity index]] of 1.10.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.london.gov.uk/datastorefiles/documents/CIS2013-02-Ethnic-Diversity-Indices-for-Wards.pdf |title=2011 Census Snapshot: Ethnic Diversity Indices for wards|access-date=2014-09-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906133304/http://data.london.gov.uk/datastorefiles/documents/CIS2013-02-Ethnic-Diversity-Indices-for-Wards.pdf |archive-date=6 September 2014 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
[[File:Ethnic makeup of Havering by single year ages in 2021.svg|thumb|Ethnic makeup of Havering by single year ages in 2021]]
[[File:Ethnic demography of the London Borough of Havering over time 01.gif|thumb|Ethnic demography of the London Borough of Havering over time]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="12" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tim Butler |first=Chris Hamnett |title=Ethnicity, class and aspiration |url=https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/ethnicity-class-and-aspiration |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Policy Press |page=66}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991 census<ref name=":412">{{cite web|url=http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm|title=1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales (Table 6)|publisher=UK Casweb Data services}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001 census<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 census<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic Group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!–
!99.1%
!232,585
!97.6%
!222,168
!96.8%
!213,421
!95.2%
!207,949
!87.7%
!197,314
!75.3%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|206,365
|92%
|197,615
|83.3%
|174,232
|66.5%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,390
|1.5%
|2,989
|1.3%
|2,894
|1.1%
|-
|White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|160
|–
|259
|0.1%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|433
|0.2%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,666
|1.6%
|7,185
|3%
|19,496
|7.4%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!4,266
!1.85%
!4,974
!2.2%
!11,545
!4.8%
!28,150
!10.8%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,437
|1.1%
|2,756
|1.2%
|5,017
|2.1%
|11,292
|4.3%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|369
|0.2%
|457
|0.2%
|1,492
|0.6%
|5,683
|2.2%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|181
|–
|216
|–
|975
|0.4%
|4,774
|1.8%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|822
|0.3%
|886
|0.4%
|1,459
|0.6%
|2,011
|0.8%
|-
|Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|457
|0.2%
|659
|0.3%
|2,602
|1.1%
|4,390
|1.7%
|-
![[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!2,166
!0.94%
!3,139
!1.4%
!11,481
!4.8%
!21,567
!8.2%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|392
|0.2%
|1,377
|0.6%
|7,581
|3.2%
|14,138
|5.4%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,297
|0.6%
|1,554
|0.7%
|2,885
|1.2%
|4,832
|1.8%
|-
|Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|477
|0.2%
|208
|–
|1,015
|0.4%
|2,597
|1.0%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!2,298
!1%
!4,933
!2.1%
!9,747
!3.7%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|827
|0.4%
|1,970
|0.8%
|3,224
|1.2%
|-
|Mixed: White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|226
|0.1%
|712
|0.3%
|1,535
|0.6%
|-
|Mixed: White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|705
|0.3%
|1,154
|0.5%
|2,344
|0.9%
|-
|Mixed: Other Mixed
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|540
|0.2%
|1,097
|0.5%
|2,644
|1.0%
|-
!Other: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!892
!0.38%
!416
!0.2%
!1,324
!0.6%
!5,274
!2%
|-
|Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|311
|0.1%
|809
|0.3%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|–
|–
|892
|0.38%
|416
|0.2%
|1,013
|0.4%
|4465
|1.7%
|-
!Ethnic minority: Total
!–
!0.9%
!5,662
!2.4%
!7,324
!3.17%
!10,827
!5.8%
!29,283
!12.3
!64,738
!24.7%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!–
!100%
!238,247
!100%
!229,492
!100%
!224,248
!100%
!237,232
!100%
!262,052
!100%
|}

===Religion===
[[File:Religious makeup of Havering by single year age groups in 2021.svg|thumb|Religious makeup of Havering by single year age groups in 2021]]
The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Havering.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Religion
!colspan="2"|2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1|title=Religion - Office for National Statistics|website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Christianity|Christian]] || 136,765 || 52.2
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Islam|Muslim]] || 16,135 || 6.2
|-
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Judaism|Jewish]] || 1,305|| 0.5
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Hinduism|Hindu]] || 6,454 || 2.5
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Sikhism|Sikh]] || 4,498 || 1.7
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Buddhist|Buddhism]] || 1,092 || 0.4
|-
|style="text-align:left" | Other religion || 1,056 || 0.4
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Irreligion|No religion]] || 80,235 || 30.6
|-
|style="text-align:left" | Religion not stated || 14,512 || 5.5
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|style="text-align:left" | Total || 262,052 || 100.0 
|}

{{Historical populations
| title= Population census
| percentages = 
| 1801 |6370
| 1811 |7028
| 1821 |8198
| 1831 |9036
| 1841 |10696
| 1851 |11492
| 1861 |12850
| 1871 |14208
| 1881 |15566
| 1891 |19041
| 1901 |24853
| 1911 |32439
| 1921 |49681
| 1931 |76092
| 1941 |119292
| 1951 |187022
| 1961 |215404
| 1971 |248107
| 1981 |239769
| 1991 |232491
| 2001 |224248
| 2011 |237232 
|footnote=Note:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10057346&c_id=10001043&add=N|title=Havering: Total Population |access-date=6 September 2011 |work=A Vision of Britain Through Time |publisher=Great Britain Historical GIS Project }}</ref>
}}

==Industry and commerce==
There are over 7,000 businesses based in Havering. Romford is the main [[commerce|commercial]] hub of the borough with a small district of mainly office development close to the railway station. There is also some [[Manufacturing|industry]] to the south between [[Rainham, London|Rainham]] and the [[River Thames]] such as Rainham Steel headquarters on the boundary of Elm Park. Light industry elsewhere in the borough has been in decline, with major employers such as the former [[Star Brewery]] now closed down.<ref>{{cite web | publisher=London Borough of Havering | url=http://www.havering.gov.uk/media/pdf/b/s/Final_Scoping_Report.pdf | title=Romford Area Action Plan | date=March 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630152120/http://www.havering.gov.uk/media/pdf/b/s/Final_Scoping_Report.pdf | archive-date=30 June 2007 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> New industrial development is encouraged in the south of the borough has been encouraged by the [[London Development Agency]] (now [[GLA Land and Property]]), with the opening of the [[Centre for Engineering and Manufacturing Excellence]].

The main retail district is also located in Romford with several interconnected or neighbouring shopping arcades including the [[Liberty Shopping Centre]], the [[Mercury Shopping Centre|Mercury Mall]], and the [[The Brewery (shopping centre)|Brewery]]. [[Romford Market]] is located to the north of Romford and is the largest market within the borough and in the surrounding area. Hornchurch and Upminster are the other main retail centres with extensive high street shopping areas.

Romford has a developed night-time economy with one of the highest concentrations of bars and nightclubs anywhere in Greater London outside the [[West End of London|West End]] with public transport radiating into all parts of the borough.

Havering London Borough Council applied to the Government to allow a 'super-casino' to be built in the south of the borough,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/5010808.stm |work=BBC News |title='Super-casino' shortlist set out |date=2006-05-24}}</ref> however the application was rejected in May 2006.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/5297288.stm |work=BBC News |title=Prescott casino influence denied |date=2006-08-30}}</ref>

==Transport==

===Roads===
The [[M25 motorway]] forms part of the borough boundary to the east with [[North Ockendon]] the only settlement to fall outside. The [[A12 road (Great Britain)|A12]] (near [[Romford]]) and the [[A13 road (Great Britain)|A13]] (near [[Rainham, London|Rainham]]) are the main trunk radial routes from central London and are located to the north and south of the borough respectively. The [[A127 road|A127]] trunk route to Southend begins at [[Gallows Corner]]; which also forms the eastern end of the [[A118 road|A118]] local artery from Stratford. The [[A124 road|A124]] local artery from Canning Town terminates at Upminster.
[[File:HaveringLU.svg|thumb|200px|London Underground stations in Havering]]

===Public transport===
{{Main|Public transport in Havering}}
The [[District line]] of the [[London Underground]] runs roughly east–west through the middle of the borough and there is an extensive network of [[London Buses|London Bus]] routes, linking all districts to Romford and other places beyond the borough.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tfl.gov.uk/maps_/bus-spider-maps?Borough=Havering|publisher=Transport for London|title=Bus maps of Havering}}</ref> The [[London, Tilbury and Southend line]] (operated by [[c2c]]) passes through the borough in two places and the [[Great Eastern Main Line]] passes through the north of the borough serving [[Romford]], Gidea Park and Harold Wood. [[Elizabeth line]] runs stopping services via the [[GEML]], and [[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]] operate non-stop services running straight through these stations. There is also a [[Romford–Upminster line|branch line]] from [[Romford]] to [[Upminster]] which is currently operated by [[London Overground]]. There are proposals for transport improvements in the south of the borough where the population is expected to rise.

====Modernisation of railway transport in Havering====
In May 2015, stopping services operated by [[Abellio Greater Anglia]] at the time, were replaced by [[Transport for London]]'s new railway service, [[TfL Rail]]. These services ran new [[British Rail Class 345|Class 345]] trains, and occasionally some older [[Class 315]] services. In May 2022, TfL Rail was rebranded as [[Elizabeth line]], and all Class 315 trains were scrapped.

===Travel to work===
In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 31.8% of all residents aged 16–74; train, 11.9%; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 6.3%; bus, minibus or coach, 5.1%; on foot, 4.1%; work mainly at or from home, 2.4%; passenger in a car or van, 2.1%.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=23 November 2013}} Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey's longest part by distance.</ref>

== Media ==
The local newspapers in Havering are The Havering Daily and the [[Romford Recorder]].

Bedrock Radio <ref>{{cite web|title=Bedrock (Hospital Radio)|url=http://bedrockradio.org.uk|website=Bedrock (Hospital Radio)}}</ref> is a charity run community health & [[Hospital radio]] station located within the [[Queen's Hospital]] in [[Romford]].

The first [[Hospital Radio]] Service In Havering began broadcasting in 1964 as Harold Wood Radio.<ref>{{cite news|title=Celebrating 50 years of Hospital Radio in Havering in 2014.|url=http://www.bedrockradio.org.uk/50years/|access-date=14 February 2014|publisher=Bedrock Radio}}</ref>
Today, Bedrock Radio serves the community by broadcasting online and to [[Queen's Hospital|Queen's]], [[King George Hospital, London|King George]] & [[Goodmayes Hospital|Goodmayes]] Hospitals and features information about the Hospitals and [[National Health Service|NHS]] services, promotes charitable and community organisations and has an extensive local events guide featuring community non-profit events.

[[Time 107.5|Time 107.5 FM]] is the commercial radio station broadcasting to Havering and surrounding areas and features local news.

==Places of interest==
{{Further|Havering parks and open spaces}}
[[File:Fairkytes arts centre london.jpg|thumb|Fairkytes Arts Centre in [[Hornchurch]] is operated by Havering Council.]]
*''[[The Diver]]''
*[[Brookside Theatre]]
*[[Langtons]]
*[[Liberty Shopping Centre]]
*[[Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch|Queen's Theatre]]
* RAF Hornchurch Heritage Centre
*[[Rainham Hall]] – [[National Trust]] house in [[Rainham, London|Rainham]]
*[[Romford Market]]
*[[Romford Garden Suburb]]
*[[Upminster Windmill]]
*[[Upminster Tithe Barn Museum of Nostalgia]]

==Sport and leisure==

The London Borough of Havering has several sporting clubs:
* Football
** [[Romford F.C.]], a [[Non-League football]] club who play at Rookery Hill, Corringham.<ref name=rom_fc>{{cite web | url=http://www.romfordfc.com/ | title=History | author=Romford Football Club | access-date=2009-08-14 }}</ref>
** [[A.F.C. Hornchurch]], a [[Non-League football]] club who play at Hornchurch Stadium
* Ice hockey
** [[Romford Raiders]], an ice hockey team who play at [[Romford Ice Arena]].<ref name=hockey>{{cite web | url=http://www.romfordicearena.co.uk/hockey.htm | title= Hockey is Back! | publisher=[[Romford Ice Arena]]  | access-date=2009-08-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080406034640/http://www.romfordicearena.co.uk/hockey.htm |archive-date = 6 April 2008}}</ref>
* Field hockey
** [[Havering Hockey Club]], who play at Campion school

==Twinning==
Havering is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
* [[Ludwigshafen]], Germany
* [[Hesdin]], France

== Education ==
{{Main|List of schools in the London Borough of Havering}}
The Borough is the education authority for the district providing education in a mix of [[Foundation school|foundation]], [[Community school (England and Wales)|community]] and [[voluntary aided]] schools. There are also a number of [[Academy (English school)|academies]].

Havering Adult College provides part-time day, evening and weekend adult education (19+) from sites throughout the borough.<ref>{{cite web |title=Havering Adult College |url=https://haveringadultcollege.co.uk |access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref> [[Havering Sixth Form College]] provides sixth form education for pupils of borough schools as well as those who are resident in the borough.<ref>{{cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.havering-sfc.ac.uk/page/?title=About+Us&pid=6 |access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref> [[Havering College of Further and Higher Education]] provides part-time and full-time education to students aged 14+.

A 2017 study by [[Trust for London]] and the [[New Policy Institute]] found that 52% of adults in Havering lack Level 3 Qualifications (A Level equivalent) – the worst level of any London borough. 44% of 19 year olds in Havering also lacked these qualifications – the second worst level in the capital.<ref>{{cite web |title=London's Poverty Profile |url=https://www.trustforlondon.org.uk/data/boroughs/havering-poverty-and-inequality-indicators/ |website=Trust for London |access-date=25 July 2018}}</ref>

== Health Care ==
The Borough of Havering is serviced by [[Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust|The Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hospitals |first=B. H. R. |title=Home |url=https://www.bhrhospitals.nhs.uk/ |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=BHR Hospitals |language=en}}</ref>

Provisions of Accident and Emergency from [[Queen's Hospital|Queens Hospital, Romford.]] During the 2019/2020 financial year Queens hospital received 309,551 patients into the A&E department.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/barking-havering-and-redbridge-university-hospitals-nhs-trust-ara-2019-20.pdf|title=Annual reports and accounts 2019/20|publisher=NHS Trust|access-date=8 April 2023}}{{page needed|date=April 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|London}}
*[[List of people from Havering]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.havering.gov.uk/ Council website]

{{LB Havering}}
{{London}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|51|33|N| 00|13|E|region:GB_type:adm1st|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Havering, London Borough Of}}
[[Category:London Borough of Havering| ]]
[[Category:London boroughs]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Local authorities adjoining the River Thames]]