Editing London Borough of Enfield

{{Other uses|Enfield (disambiguation)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name               = <!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->
| official_name      = London Borough of Enfield
| other_name         = 
| settlement_type    = [[London boroughs|London borough]]
<!-- transliteration(s) -------->
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->| image_skyline      = View of Enfield.jpg
| imagesize          = 270px
| image_alt          = A view of Enfield from Vicarage Farm
| image_caption      = A view of Enfield from Vicarage Farm
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of the London Borough of Enfield.svg
| shield_size        = 100px
| shield_alt         = 
| shield_link        = Coat of arms of the London Borough of Enfield
| image_blank_emblem = Lb_enfield_logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = Council logo
| blank_emblem_size  = 100px
| blank_emblem_alt   = 
| blank_emblem_link  = 
| motto              = By Industry Ever Stronger
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>| image_map          = Enfield UK locator map.svg
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Enfield shown within [[Greater London]]
| coor_pinpoint      = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates        = {{Coord|51.645|-0.060|region:GB-ENF_type:adm1st_dim:10000|display=title,inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location ------------------>| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name   = United Kingdom
| subdivision_type2  = [[Country of the United Kingdom|Constituent country]]
| subdivision_name2  = England
| subdivision_type3  = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Greater London|London]]
| subdivision_type4  = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]
| subdivision_name4  = [[Greater London]]
| established_title  = Created
| established_date   = 1 April 1965
| established_title1 = 
| established_date1  = 
| named_for          = <!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type          = Admin HQ
| seat               = [[Enfield Civic Centre|Civic Centre]], [[Enfield Town]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type    = [[London boroughs|London borough council]]
| governing_body     = [[Enfield London Borough Council]]
| leader_title2      = London&nbsp;Assembly
| leader_name2       = [[Joanne McCartney]] AM for [[Enfield and Haringey (London Assembly constituency)|Enfield and Haringey]]
| leader_title3      = [[List of MPs elected in the 2010 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name3       = {{Unbulleted list|[[Feryal Clark]] (Labour)|[[Bambos Charalambous]] (Labour)|[[Kate Osamor]] (Labour)}}
| leader_title4      = 
| leader_name4       = <!-- display settings  --------->
| total_type         = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref          = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area ---------------------->| area_footnotes     = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_magnitude     = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_total_km2     = 82.20
| area_total_sq_mi   = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details -->
| area_total_dunam   = <!-- used in Middle East articles only -->
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 
| area_rural_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_rural_km2     = 
| area_rural_sq_mi   = 
| area_metro_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| area_rank          = {{English district area rank|ONS=00AK|GSS=E09000010}} [[List of English districts by area|(of {{English district total}})]]
| area_blank1_title  = 
| area_blank1_km2    = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi  = 
| area_blank2_title  = 
| area_blank2_km2    = 
| area_blank2_sq_mi  = <!-- population ---------------->
| population_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total   = {{English district population|ONS=00AK|GSS=E09000010}}
| population_as_of   = {{United Kingdom statistics year}}
| population_rank    = {{English district rank|ONS=00AK|GSS=E09000010}} [[List of English districts by population|(of {{English district total}})]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_blank2_title = 
| population_blank2  = 
| population_demonym = <!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone           = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset         = ±00:00{{!}}UTC
| timezone_DST       = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code --->| postal_code_type   = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcodes]]
| postal_code        = {{postcode|EN}}, {{postcode|N}}, {{postcode|E}}
| area_code_type     = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_codes         = 01992, [[020]]
| geocode            = 
| iso_code           = GB-ENF
| registration_plate = <!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank1_name        = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info        = 00AK
| blank2_name        = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]
| blank2_info        = E09000010
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->| blank_name_sec2    = [[List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom|Police]]
| blank_info_sec2    = [[Metropolitan Police]]
<!-- website, footnotes -------->| website            = [https://new.enfield.gov.uk/ new.enfield.gov.uk]
| footnotes          = The main towns in the borough are [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton]], [[Enfield Town]], and [[Southgate, London|Southgate]].
}}

The '''London Borough of Enfield''' ({{audio|En-uk-LBEnfield.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a [[London boroughs|London borough]] in Greater London, England. The main communities in the borough are [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton]], [[Enfield, London|Enfield]], [[Southgate, London|Southgate]] and [[Palmers Green]]. Enfield is an [[Outer London]] borough and forms part of [[North London]], being the northernmost borough and bordering [[Hertfordshire]] to the north and [[Essex]] to the northeast. The local authority is [[Enfield London Borough Council]], based at [[Enfield Civic Centre]]. The borough's population is estimated to be 333,794.

It borders the London boroughs of [[London Borough of Barnet|Barnet]] to the west, [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey]] to the south, and [[London Borough of Waltham Forest|Waltham Forest]] to the southeast. To the north are the districts of [[Hertsmere]], [[Welwyn Hatfield]] and [[Borough of Broxbourne|Broxbourne]] (in [[Hertfordshire]]), and to the east is [[Epping Forest District]] in Essex.

==Etymology==
Enfield was recorded in [[Domesday Book]] in 1086 as ''Enefelde'', and as ''Einefeld'' in 1214, ''Enfeld'' in 1293, and ''Enfild'' in 1564: that is 'open land of a man called Ēana', or 'where lambs are reared', from the [[Old English]] ''feld'' with an Old English personal name or with Old English ''ēan'' 'lamb'. The ''feld'' would have been a reference to an area cleared of trees within woodland that would later become known as [[Enfield Chase]].<ref>Mills A. D. ''Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names'' (2001) p76 {{ISBN|0-19-860957-4}} Retrieved 28 October 2008</ref>

==History==
In [[Roman Britain|Roman times]], Enfield was connected to [[Londinium]] by [[Ermine Street]], the great [[Roman road]] which stretched all the way up to [[York]]. Artefacts found in the early 1900s reveal that there were Roman settlements in the areas that are now Edmonton and Bush Hill Park.

In 790 King [[Offa of Mercia]] was recorded as giving the lands of Edmonton to [[St Albans]] [[Abbey]]. The area became strategically important as [[East Anglia]] was taken over by the [[Norsemen|Danes]]. In the 890s strongholds were built by men loyal to [[King Alfred the Great]], in order to keep the Danes to the east of the [[River Lea]].

After the [[Norman Conquest]], both Enfield and Edmonton were mentioned in [[Domesday Book]]. Both had churches, and Enfield had 400 inhabitants, Edmonton 300. Enfield is also described as having a "parc". This parc—a heavily forested area for hunting—was key to Enfield's existence in the [[Middle Ages]] (see [[Enfield Old Park]]). Wealthy Londoners came to Enfield first to hunt, and then to build houses in the green, wooded surroundings. In 1303, [[Edward I of England]] granted Enfield a [[charter]] to hold a weekly [[market (place)|market]], which has continued up to this day. The old market cross was removed in the early 20th century to make way for a monument to the coronation of King [[Edward VII]], but was preserved by the horticulturalist [[Edward Augustus Bowles|E. A. Bowles]] for his garden at nearby Myddelton House, where it remains today.<ref>Bryan Hewitt (1997) ''The Crocus King: E. A. Bowles of Myddelton House''</ref>

[[Enfield Grammar School]] with its Tudor Old Hall stands next to the Enfield Town Market Place and St. Andrew's Church, the school having been extended several times since 1586. A new hall and further additions were completed shortly before World War II.<ref>{{cite web
 |last=Dalling 
 |first=Graham 
 |title=Secondary Schools a history 
 |work=History & Heritage 
 |publisher=London Borough of Enfield 
 |date=30 December 2005 
 |url=http://www.enfield.gov.uk/448/Secondary%20Schools%20in%20Enfield%20A%20History.htm
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071108024021/http://www.enfield.gov.uk/448/Secondary%20Schools%20in%20Enfield%20A%20History.htm
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-date=8 November 2007
 |access-date=15 November 2007 
 |df=dmy 
}}</ref>

Nearby historically was the palace of [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]], where [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] lived while a princess, including during the final illness of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]. Edward was taken there to join her, so that in the company of his sister, [[Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford]] could break the news to Edward, formally announcing the death of their royal father in the presence chamber at Enfield, on his knees to make formal obeisance to the boy as King.<ref>[http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/aboutEdward.htm Edward VI], Jorge H. Castelli</ref> Later Elizabeth held court there when she was queen (this was remembered in the name Palace Gardens that was a street running behind [[Pearsons]] department store and is still recalled in the name of Enfield's shopping centre).<ref>[https://www.floretnews.com/top-models-of-royal-enfield-which-can-be-your-best-partner-for-adventurous-trips Enfield Town – ''Top Models of Royal Enfield''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080207111001/http://www.enfield.gov.uk/planning/UDP%20Main/Chapt15%20Enfield%20Town%20Centre.htm |date=7 February 2008 }} Retrieved 15 November 2007</ref>

===Industry===
Enfield has a history of [[armaments]] manufacture—see [[Royal Small Arms Factory]]. The [[Lee–Enfield]] .303 rifle was standard issue for the [[British Army]] until 1957, although its usage carried on afterwards for some time. Other firearms [[manufactured]] there include the [[Bren]] and [[Sten]] machine guns—the "en" in both cases denoting the place of manufacture.

The world's first solid state circuitry [[colour television]]s were manufactured by [[Ferguson Electronics|Ferguson]] at their now closed plant in Enfield.

The first mass-produced [[dishwasher]] was manufactured in [[Hotpoint]]'s now closed Enfield plant.

The [[Barclays Bank]] branch in Enfield was the first place in the world to have an [[Automatic Teller Machine|ATM]] or cash machine; it was officially opened in June 1967 by [[Reg Varney]], a television actor and personality most famous for his lead role in the comedy series ''[[On the Buses]]''. This historical event was marked by a silver plaque on the wall of the bank, and later by an [[English Heritage]] [[Blue plaque]].

A fine example of a [[grade II listed]] [[art deco]] factory building can be found along Southbury Road, with the former [[Ripaults Factory]],<ref>{{NHLE|num=1079486|desc=RIPAULTS FACTORY, Non Civil Parish|access-date=2 May 2016}}</ref> now an office building for [[Travis Perkins]].
[[File:Welcome to Enfield (2).jpg|alt=A London Borough of Enfield welcome sign at the border with Hertfordshire|left|thumb|A London Borough of Enfield welcome sign at the border with Hertfordshire]]

===Administrative history===
The area of the modern borough broadly corresponds to the two [[ancient parish]]es of Enfield and Edmonton, and was historically part of the county of [[Middlesex]]. Both parishes were made [[Local board of health|local board districts]] in 1850, each with an elected board overseeing public health and responsible for the provision of infrastructure.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lawes |first1=Edward |title=The Act for Promoting the Public Health, with notes |date=1851 |pages=254–257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRJXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA254 |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref> The Edmonton district was divided in 1881, when its western part was made a separate district called Southgate. Such districts were reconstituted as [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban districts]] under the [[Local Government Act 1894]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Middlesex |date=1914 |page=352 |url=https://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/63660/rec/4 |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref>

Each of the three urban districts was later raised to the status of a [[municipal borough]]: [[Municipal Borough of Southgate|Southgate]] in 1933,<ref>{{cite web |title=Southgate Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10081490#tab02 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref> [[Municipal Borough of Edmonton|Edmonton]] in 1937,<ref>{{cite web |title=Edmonton Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10074150 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref> and [[Municipal Borough of Enfield|Enfield]] in 1955.<ref>{{cite web |title=Enfield Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10023737 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref>

The modern borough was created in 1965 under the [[London Government Act 1963]], covering the combined area of the former boroughs of Enfield, Edmonton and Southgate, which were all abolished at the same time. The area was transferred from Middlesex to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs.<ref>{{cite book | first=Frederic |last=Youngs | title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England | volume=I: Southern England | year=1979 | publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]] | location=London | isbn=0-901050-67-9}}</ref>

The [[armorial bearings]] of these three boroughs were also merged. The [[heraldic beast]] on the shield of the [[coat of arms of the London Borough of Enfield|Enfield coat of arms]] is known in [[heraldry]] as an "[[Enfield (heraldry)|Enfield]]" (or colloquially as the Enfield beast), and is used extensively as a logo representing Enfield, particularly by the borough council.

==Enfield today==
[[File:Church Street in Enfield Town 02.jpg|alt=Church Street in Enfield Town|thumb|Church Street in Enfield Town]]
The borough's [[Enfield Civic Centre|Civic Centre]] is in Silver Street, [[Enfield Town]], and is home to the council. Enfield Town is also home to the local credit union, [[North London Credit Union]].

In 2007, [[Enfield Town]] centre completed a major redevelopment project under the name PalaceXchange while retaining the Palace Gardens Shopping Centre. An extension was added to the existing retail area with many new shops, and a second [[multi-storey car park]] was built along with a new road layout.

A major redevelopment of [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton Green]] including the shopping centre, and adjacent municipal housing over a wide area, started in 1999. This is still on-going, and provides new housing, health facilities, a new leisure centre, a supermarket, and many other civic features.

Many local activities are located around the [[A10 road (Great Britain)|A10 road]], on the sites of former industrial enterprises, which has a number of large retail outlets and a large multiplex [[Cineworld]] cinema. The cinema also hosts Jubilee Church on a Sunday morning; whilst cinemagoers continue to watch films in the other screens, a [[charismatic movement|charismatic church]] which draws its worshippers from a wide area, hiring several auditoria for worship.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

The western part of Enfield is largely residential, with shopping centres in [[Southgate, London|Southgate]], [[Palmers Green]] and [[Cockfosters]].

Parts of Enfield experienced [[2011 London riots|rioting in August 2011]], in which a private car and a van were set alight and completely destroyed, a police car vandalised (smashed windows) and a number of shops in Enfield Town Centre as well as others in the Enfield Retail Park being broken into and looted. The Sony Distribution Centre in the Innova Business Park, near Waltham Cross, was burnt to the ground. In September 2012, a year after the attack, a rebuilt Sony Distribution Centre was opened by the prime minister, David Cameron.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.co.uk/music/872111-london-riots-three-teens-arrested-over-sony-pias-warehouse-fire|title=London riots: Three teens arrested over Sony/PIAS warehouse fire|date=11 August 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814103855/https://www.metro.co.uk/music/872111-london-riots-three-teens-arrested-over-sony-pias-warehouse-fire|archive-date=14 August 2011}}</ref>

==Governance==
{{main|Enfield London Borough Council}}
[[File:Enfield Civic Centre (4).jpg|alt=Enfield Civic Centre|thumb|[[Enfield Civic Centre]] seen from St Andrew's Road]]
The local authority is Enfield Council, based at the [[Enfield Civic Centre|Civic Centre]] on Silver Street in Enfield. The council has been controlled by a Labour Party majority since 2010.

===Greater London representation===
Since 2000, for elections to the [[London Assembly]], the borough forms part of the [[Enfield and Haringey (London Assembly constituency)|Enfield and Haringey]] constituency.

=== Members of parliament ===
The borough has three members of parliament (MPs) representing Enfield North, Edmonton and Winchmore Hill and Southgate and Wood Green constituencies. The latter is a cross-borough constituency with neighbouring Haringey.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|type = UK
|title = Population
|footnote = Source: [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10064028&c_id=10001043&add=N ''A Vision of Britain through time, citing Census population'']
|1801|10789
|1811|13249
|1821|15876
|1831|16745
|1841|18111
|1851|18854
|1861|26819
|1871|34784
|1881|42750
|1891|68557
|1901|103049
|1911|154907
|1921|177309
|1931|202969
|1941|243489
|1951|292100
|1961|279907
|1971|268239
|1981|257169
|1991|263096
|2001|273563
|2011|312466
}}
[[File:Enfield population pyramid.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of Enfield in 2021]]
[[File:Ethnic makeup of Enfield by single year ages in 2021.svg|thumb|Ethnic makeup of Enfield by single year ages in 2021]]
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in London Borough of Enfield (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/bulletins/religionenglandandwales/census2021|title=Religion, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics|website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>

|label1 = [[Christianity in the United Kingdom|Christianity]]
|value1 = 46.4
|color1 = RoyalBlue
|label2 = [[Islam in the United Kingdom|Islam]]
|value2 = 18.6
|color2 = #29AB87
|label3 = [[Hinduism in the United Kingdom|Hinduism]]
|value3 = 3.1
|color3 = #FF7538
|label4 = Other religions
|value4 = 5.1
|color4 = #AF6E4D
|label5 = [[Irreligion in the United Kingdom|Non-religious]]
|value5 = 19.8
|color5 = LightGrey
|label6 = Not Stated
|value6 = 7.0
|color6 = SmokeyWhite
}}

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="12" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migration and London’s growth |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/74375221.pdf#page=94 |publisher=LSE}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991 census<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web |title=1991 census – theme tables |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/asv2htm.aspx |access-date=20 January 2017 |publisher=NOMIS |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930205650/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/asv2htm.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/submit.asp?forward=yes&menuopt=201&subcomp= |title=KS006 - Ethnic group  |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/QS201EW/view/1946157259?cols=measures |title=Ethnic Group by measures |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group by age and sex in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/ethnicity/datasets/ethnicgroupbyageandsexinenglandandwales |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total 
!–
!94.6%
!243,578
!92.1%
!225,590
!85.7%!! 210,949 !! 77.1% !! 190,640 !! 61.0%
!171,884
!52.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 167,394 || 61.2% || 126,450 || 40.5%
|103,140
|31.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 8,398 || 3.1% || 6,899 || 2.2%
|5,969
|1.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–||  –||  –|| 344 || 0.1%
|374
|0.1%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,121
|0.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 35,157 || 12.8% || 56,947 || 18.2%
|61,280
|18.6%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total  
!–
!–
!8,923
!3.4%
!17,428
!6.6%!! 23,260 !! 8.5% !! 34,893 !! 11.1%
!40,058
!11.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|5,244
|2%
|9,390
| || 10,887 || 4.0% || 11,648 || 3.7%
|11,870
|3.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|638
|
|1,083
| || 1,717 || 0.6% || 2,594 || 0.8%
|3,674
|1.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|981
|
|2,194
| || 3,524 || 1.3% || 5,599 || 1.8%
|8,123
|2.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|696
|
|1,179
| || 2,011 || 0.7% || 2,588 || 0.8%
|2,691
|0.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 
|–
|–
|1,364
|
|3,582
| || 5,121 || 1.9% || 12,464 || 4.0%
|11,615
|3.5%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total 
!–
!–
!9,778
!3.7%
!16,488
!6.3%!! 28,591 !! 10.4% !! 53,687 !! 17.1%
!60,512
!18.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|2,280
|
|4,281
| || 11,884 || 4.3% || 28,222 || 9.0%
|36,463
|11.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|5,854
|2.2%
|9,730
| 3.7%|| 14,590 || 5.3% || 17,334 || 5.5%
|16,990
|5.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|1,644
|
|2,477
| || 2,117|| 0.8% || 8,131 || 2.6%
|7,059
|2.1%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–!! 9,089 !! 3.0% !! 17,183 !! 5.5%
!19,558
!6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 2,303 || 1.0% || 4,852 || 1.6%
|5,165
|1.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black African 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 1,316 || 0.4% || 2,384 || 0.8%
|2,994
|0.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Asian 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 1,911 || 0.8% || 4,189 || 1.3%
|3,818
|1.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: Other Mixed 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 3,559 || 0.8% || 5,758 || 1.8%
|7,581
|2.3%
|- 5
! style="text-align:left" | Other: Total 
!–
!–
!2,143
!
!3,693
! !! 4,595 !! 0.9% !! 16,063 !! 5.3%
!40,058
!12.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Arab 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–||  –||  –|| 1,930 || 0.7%
|2,535
|0.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Any other ethnic group 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 4,595 || 0.9% || 14,133 || 4.6%
|37,523
|11.4%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Ethnic minority: Total 
!–
!5.4%
!20,844
!7.9%
!37,609
!14.3%!! 65,535 !! 22.9% !! 121,826 !! 39.0%
!160,186
!47.9%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Total 
!–
!100%
!264,422
!100%
!263,199
!100%!! 276,484 !! 100.00% !! 312,466 !! 100.00%
!329,985
!100%
|}

==Public services==
===Health===
Two major [[National Health Service (England)|NHS]] hospitals, [[Chase Farm Hospital]] operated by the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and [[North Middlesex Hospital]] operated by the North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, are located in the borough. NHS Enfield Clinical Commissioning Group is responsible for local primary health care, taking over this role from [[Enfield Primary Care NHS Trust]] in 2013. Former hospitals in the borough include [[Highlands Hospital|Highlands]], which closed in 1993, and [[Greentrees Hospital|Greentrees]], which closed in 1988.

===Education===

====Schools====
{{See also|List of schools in Enfield}}
The London Borough of Enfield is the education authority for the district. Education is provided in a mix of [[Community school (England and Wales)|community]], [[voluntary aided]] and [[state schools]].<ref>[http://www.enfield.gov.uk/nav1/100005.asp Education gateway for LB Enfield] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621155818/http://www.enfield.gov.uk/nav1/100005.asp |date=21 June 2007 }} accessed 5 June 2007</ref> A number of private schools are also located in the borough.

The borough is home to the well-renowned [[Enfield Grammar School]], founded in 1558, which still uses its [[Tudor dynasty|Tudor]] building which is now often referred to as the Old Hall. Enfield Grammar School is based in the centre of Enfield Town. [[St Ignatius' College]] is the borough's largest Catholic school and one of the best-performing non-selective schools in the borough, at both [[General Certificate of Secondary Education|GCSE]] and [[Advanced Level (UK)|A-Level]].<ref name="results">Results in Enfield, 2006: [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/06/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/308_gcse_lea.stm GCSE]</ref> [[The Bishop Stopford's School|Bishop Stopford's School]] is Enfield's largest school, and [[The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London]] also has a campus in the borough.

In 2007 a new school named [[Oasis Academy Enfield]] was opened, following the takeover of Albany by the Oasis Company as [[Oasis Academy Hadley]].
[[The Latymer School, Edmonton|The Latymer School]] is another Grammar school in the borough, and is based in the Edmonton area.

Enfield County School is an all girls comprehensive school which sits opposite Enfield Grammar Boys school in Enfield town. It is a split site school with the lower years situated towards the area of Forty Hall.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

====University====
[[Middlesex University]], the former polytechnic, used to have two campuses in Enfield: Cat Hill and [[Trent Park]]. These sites both closed in 2011 and courses were relocated to the Hendon campus.

[[Oak Hill Theological College]], an associate college of Middlesex University, is located in the borough.

[[Capel Manor]] College also offers various courses.

===London Fire Brigade===
The London Borough of Enfield has three fire stations; Edmonton, Enfield and Southgate. However, if an incident requires a higher attendance, appliances from throughout London can be mobilised to meet the needs of the area if required.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Enfield.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227185955/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Enfield.pdf|url-status=dead|title=London Fire Brigade – Enfield Profile|archive-date=27 February 2008}}</ref>

The three fire stations operate a total of five pumping appliances, one rescue tender, a command unit and a USAR unit.<ref>[http://www.usar.org.uk/equipment.htm/ Urban Search and Rescue Vehicles] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212120739/http://www.usar.org.uk/equipment.htm |date=12 February 2008 }} </ref>

Of the three fire stations within the borough, Enfield is mobilised to the most incidents and has the largest station ground (the area of which Enfield is the first appliance to attend).<ref>[http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Enfield.pdf/ London Fire Brigade – Enfield Profile] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227185955/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Enfield.pdf/ |date=27 February 2008 }} ]</ref>

===Museums===
The borough's museums include [[Forty Hall]] and the garden exhibitions at [[Forty Hill|Capel Manor]], [[Forty Hill|Myddleton House]] (part of the [[Lee Valley Park]]) and the Whitewebbs Museum of Transport.

The Borough's own museum is based in Thomas Hardy House, 39 London Road.

===Youth activities===
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
[[Scouting in Greater London North|Scouting]] and [[Girlguiding London and South East England|Guiding]] have many groups within Enfield. The annual St George's Day Parade has around a thousand young people marching through Enfield Town, led by the Enfield District Scout Band.

The Boys' and Girls' Brigade are also quite active within the borough, participating in various ceremonies and events throughout the year, including the Enfield Town Show, St Georges Day Parade and on Remembrance Day Parade.

The Air Training Corps has three units in the area, No.85 (Enfield & Southgate) Squadron based in Winchmore Hill and Enfield Town, No.1159 (Edmonton) Squadron based in Edmonton, No.1571 (Ayleward) Squadron based in Aylward School and No.2473 (Highlands & Southgate) Squadron in Highlands School, Southgate.

The Red Room music and film project ran from 2008 – 2014 based in Ponders End, aimed at 13 – 19 year olds supported and funded by Enfield Council.

==Media==
''Enfield Dispatch''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dispatch |first=Enfield |date=2018-09-27 |title=About us |url=https://enfielddispatch.co.uk/about/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Enfield Dispatch |language=en-GB}}</ref> and ''[[Enfield Independent]]'' provide local news.

==Sport and recreation==
[[File:QE2 Stadium 05.jpg|alt=QE2 Stadium, home to the country's first fan-owned football club, Enfield Town FC|thumb|QE2 Stadium, home to the country's first fan-owned football club, Enfield Town FC]]
Enfield's [[List of King George V Playing Fields (Greater London)|King George's Field]], named in memory of [[George V of the United Kingdom|King George V]], includes the [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] athletics stadium, the Enfield Ignatians Rugby Club and numerous [[association football|football]], [[Rugby football|rugby]] and baseball diamonds. The playing fields were used as a [[Prisoner of War|POW]] camp for Italians during [[World War II]].

The second largest playing fields are at Firs Farm on Firs Lane. There are a handful of rugby pitches along with more than a dozen football pitches. These are used by local amateur football clubs including [[Winchmore Hill Football Club]],<ref name="winchmorehillfc.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.winchmorehillfc.co.uk/|title=Winchmore Hill Football Club|website=www.winchmorehillfc.co.uk}}</ref> Mayfield Athletic FC and Southgate County FC. The pitches drain reasonably well{{according to whom|date=January 2023}} but are generally in poor condition with old, rusted goalposts. The changing facilities are also very dilapidated, with some changing rooms being no more than concrete sheds with corrugated roofs.

Many sports teams and clubs are located in Enfield; [[Winchmore Hill Sports Club]], [[Winchmore Hill Football Club]],<ref name="winchmorehillfc.co.uk"/> [[Enfield Town F.C.]], [[Enfield 1893 F.C.]], [[Cockfosters F.C.]], [[Enfield Borough F.C.]] and Futsal Club Enfield are the most prominent. The once successful football club, Enfield FC, were forced into a nomadic existence after the sale of their Southbury Road ground and became defunct at the end of the 2006/2007 season after years of ground sharing at many Hertfordshire based clubs. Enfield 1893 were formed after Enfield FC's demise and have spent time groundsharing at [[Ware FC]] and Broxbourne Borough FC. They finally found a ground in the borough when they merged with [[Brimsdown Rovers]] for the start of the 2011/2012 season. [[Saracens F.C.|Saracens Rugby Football Club]] used to play in Enfield and still train at Bramley Road sports ground near [[Cockfosters]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

The principal cricket clubs in the area are Enfield,<ref name="www.enfieldcricketclub.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.enfieldcricketclub.com/|title=Enfield Cricket|website=www.enfieldcricketclub.com}}</ref> [[Winchmore Hill Cricket Club]],<ref name="winchmorehillcc.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.winchmorehillcc.co.uk/|title=Welcome to Winchmore Hill Cricket Club Website|website=www.winchmorehillcc.co.uk}}</ref> Edmonton and Southgate, with many others playing cricket in and around the borough such as, Enfield Invicta, Mayfield CC, Myddleton House, [[North Enfield CC]], Botany Bay and Holtwhites Trinibis CC. Many clubs play in either the Middlesex Cricket League or the Hertfordshire League. Enfield, Southgate, and Winchmore Hill have long been the area's most successful cricket clubs, regularly competing in the Middlesex Premier League. Enfield (in 1988) and Southgate (in 1977) are both past winners of the [[ECB National Club Cricket Championship]]

The main swimming club in the borough is Enfield Swim Squad, which was created from an amalgamation of Edmonton Phoenix S.C. and Griffins S.C. of Enfield.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Futsal is also played in the area with Futsal Club Enfield who were founded in 2007 playing in the [[National Futsal League]] Premiership South Division for 2019/20.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Gaelic Football is also played in the area. The club [[North London Shamrocks]] play at Tottenhall Playing FIelds.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Enfield Phoenix is the local basketball club with teams playing in the National League and the Central London League. The team play at the Edmonton Leisure Centre, [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton Green]] with seating for 400 spectators.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Theatre goers are catered for by the [[Intimate Theatre]], the [[Millfield Theatre]], the Dugdale Centre<ref>{{cite web|url=https://forms.enfield.gov.uk/peo/default.asp?cgCode=21&cgName=Dugdale%20Centre&interface=48|title=Dugdale Centre|access-date=11 October 2013|work=Box Office|publisher=Enfield Council|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130815090730/https://forms.enfield.gov.uk/peo/default.asp?cgCode=21&cgName=Dugdale%20Centre&interface=48|archive-date=15 August 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loveyourdoorstep.co.uk/local-businesses/Entry-Detail/119-The-Dugdale-Centre/3-Local-Businesses|title=The Dugdale Centre|access-date=11 October 2013|date=13 December 2012|work=Love Your Doorstep|archive-date=21 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621064920/http://www.loveyourdoorstep.co.uk/local-businesses/Entry-Detail/119-The-Dugdale-Centre/3-Local-Businesses|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[Chickenshed Theatre Company]], with amateur and professional shows, dance pieces, musicals and live music on show. Amateur dramatic companies include Saint Monica's Players, The Capel Players and The London Pantomimers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelondonpantomimers.org.uk/|title=The London Pantomimers|access-date=1 April 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814132323/http://www.thelondonpantomimers.org.uk/|archive-date=14 August 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Talkies Community Cinema screens British Independent and specialist films in a range of venues across the borough.

[[Tottenham Hotspur Football Club]]'s new training ground is located in Enfield at [[Bulls Cross]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/8278439.CHIGWELL__Details_of_Spurs_training_ground_move_revealed/|title=CHIGWELL: Questions raised over Spurs training ground move|website=East London and West Essex Guardian Series|date=18 July 2010 }}</ref>

Enfield is the home to the annual Livestock Music Festival.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livestockuk.com|title=Home|website=www.livestockuk.com}}</ref> It is also home to Cheerleading squads- Sapphire Elite Cheerleaders, North London Wildcats and Enfield Blaze All-star Cheerleaders.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

[[Croquet]] is played at [[Enfield Croquet Club]] in Bush Hill Park.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enfieldcroquet.org/|title=Home|website=www.enfieldcroquet.org}}</ref>

The first international branch of the [[WWE Performance Center]] was opened in Enfield's Great Cambridge Industrial Estate on 11 January 2019. The center is used by the [[WWE]] as a [[Glossary of professional wrestling terms#S|professional wrestling school]] to train potential future wrestlers from across the globe, as well as a [[Practice (learning method)|training]] centre for current WWE wrestlers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/wwe/news/14203/11603856/wwe-opens-london-performance-centre-as-part-of-international-expansion|title=WWE opens London performance centre as part of international expansion|work=Sky Sports|access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref>

==Transport==
In 1840 the first section of the [[Northern and Eastern Railway]] was opened from [[Stratford, London|Stratford]] to [[Broxbourne]], with stations at Water Lane ([[Angel Road railway station|Angel Road]]) and [[Ponders End railway station|Ponders End]]. Further stations were added in 1855 at [[Enfield Lock railway station|Enfield Lock]] ([[Royal Small Arms Factory]]) and 1884 at [[Brimsdown railway station|Brimsdown]]. A branch line from Water Lane to [[Enfield Town railway station|Enfield Town]] was opened in 1849 serving [[Edmonton, London|Edmonton]] Low Level and Enfield Town. A further station was added in 1880 at [[Bush Hill Park railway station|Bush Hill Park]]. The [[Stoke Newington & Edmonton Railway|direct line]] from London to Enfield Town was opened in 1872 with stations at Silver Street and Lower Edmonton (now called Edmonton Green). In 1891, a loop from Edmonton serving [[Southbury railway station|Southbury]] (Churchbury) and [[Turkey Street railway station|Turkey Street]] (Forty Hill) to [[Cheshunt railway station|Cheshunt]] on the main line was added. The Cheshunt and Enfield Town services are currently served by [[London Overground]].

In 1871 the [[Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)|Great Northern Railway]] opened [[Enfield Chase railway station|its station]] on Windmill Hill. This was later replaced in 1910 when the line was extended to [[Cuffley railway station|Cuffley]]. This section of railway is now part of the line commonly known as the [[Hertford Loop Line|Hertford Loop]].
[[File:Arnos Grove Station (25).jpg|alt=Arnos Grove Station on the Piccadilly Line|thumb|Arnos Grove Station on the Piccadilly Line]]
Enfield is served by the [[Piccadilly line]] of the [[London Underground]] with stations at [[Arnos Grove tube station|Arnos Grove]], [[Southgate tube station|Southgate]], [[Oakwood tube station|Oakwood]] (named as Enfield West when it first opened) and [[Cockfosters tube station|Cockfosters]] (where the line terminates). Suburban [[London Overground]] and [[National Rail]] [[Thameslink and Great Northern|Great Northern]] services also run within the borough.

There are numerous bus services throughout the borough run by [[Transport for London]].

The main roads running through the borough include the [[A406 road|North Circular Road]], the [[M25 motorway|M25]], [[Green Lanes (London)|Green Lanes]], the [[A10 road (Great Britain)|A10]] and the old [[Hertford Road]] (A1010).

In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: driving a car or van, 26.1% of all residents aged 16–74; underground, metro, light rail, tram, 8.2%; bus, minibus or coach, 8.2%; train, 7.3%; on foot, 4.0%; work mainly at or from home, 2.7%; passenger in a car or van, 1.6%.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=23 November 2013}} Percentages are of all residents aged 16–74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only pick one mode, specified as the journey's longest part by distance.</ref>

==Town twinning==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom}}

Enfield is [[sister city|twinned]] with:
*[[Courbevoie]], Hauts-de-Seine, [[Île-de-France]], France
*[[Gladbeck]], North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
*[[Halandri]], Greece
*[[Sarıyer]], Turkey
*[[Schwechat]], [[Lower Austria]], Austria
*[[Wandlitz]], Brandenburg, Germany
*[[Freudenstadt]], Baden-Württemberg, Germany

==See also==
*[[Enfield parks and open spaces]]
*[[List of churches in the London Borough of Enfield]]
*[[List of districts in Enfield]]
*[[List of people from Enfield]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.enfield.gov.uk/ Enfield Council]

{{LB Enfield}}
{{London}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:London Borough Of Enfield}}
[[Category:London Borough of Enfield| ]]
[[Category:London boroughs|Enfield]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in the United Kingdom]]