Editing London Borough of Brent

{{Short description|Local government district in London}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = <!-- at least one of the first two must be filled in -->
| official_name            = London Borough of Brent
| other_name              = 
| settlement_type         = [[London boroughs|London borough]]
<!-- transliteration(s) -------->
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->
| image_skyline           = London Wembley.jpg
| imagesize               = 260px
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = [[Wembley Stadium]] in [[Wembley]]
| image_shield            = Coat of arms of the London Borough of Brent.svg
| shield_size             = 
| shield_alt              = 
| shield_link             = Coat of arms of the London Borough of Brent
| motto                   = Forward Together
| image_blank_emblem       = Brent London Borough Council logo.svg
| blank_emblem_type        = Council logo
| blank_emblem_size        = 100px
<!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map               = Brent UK locator map.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = Brent shown within [[Greater London]]
| coor_pinpoint           = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) -->
| coordinates             = {{Coord|51|33|58|N|0|16|26|W|region:GB-BEN_type:adm2nd|display=title,inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes   = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
<!-- location ------------------>
| subdivision_type        = [[List of sovereign states|Sovereign state]]
| subdivision_name        = United Kingdom
| subdivision_type2       = [[Country of the United Kingdom|Constituent country]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[England]]
| subdivision_type3       = [[Regions of England|Region]]
| subdivision_name3       = [[Greater London|London]]
| subdivision_type4       = [[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial county]]
| subdivision_name4       = [[Greater London]]
| established_title       = Created
| established_date        = 1 April 1965
| established_title1      = 
| established_date1       = 
| named_for               = 
<!-- seat, smaller parts -->
| seat_type               = Admin HQ
| seat                    = Engineers Way, [[Wembley]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type         = [[London boroughs|London borough council]]
| governing_body          = [[Brent London Borough Council]]
| leader_title2           = London&nbsp;Assembly
| leader_name2            = [[Krupesh Hirani]] ([[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]]) AM for [[Brent and Harrow (London Assembly constituency)|Brent and Harrow]]
| leader_title3           = [[List of MPs elected in the 2024 United Kingdom general election|MPs]]
| leader_name3            = [[Barry Gardiner]] (Labour)<br />[[Dawn Butler]] (Labour)
| leader_title4           = 
| leader_name4            = 
<!-- display settings  --------->
| total_type              = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| unit_pref               = <!-- enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric -->
<!-- area ---------------------->
| area_footnotes          = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_magnitude          = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| area_total_km2          = 43.24
| area_total_sq_mi        = <!-- see table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details -->
| area_total_dunam        = <!-- used in Middle East articles only -->
| area_land_km2           = 
| area_land_sq_mi         = 
| area_water_km2          = 
| area_water_sq_mi        = 
| area_water_percent      = 
| area_urban_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_urban_km2          = 
| area_urban_sq_mi        = 
| area_rural_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_rural_km2          = 
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| area_metro_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| area_metro_km2          = 
| area_metro_sq_mi        = 
| area_rank               = {{English district area rank|ONS=00AE|GSS=E09000005}} [[List of English districts by area|(of {{English district total}})]]
| area_blank1_title       = 
| area_blank1_km2         = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi       = 
| area_blank2_title       = 
| area_blank2_km2         = 
| area_blank2_sq_mi       = 
<!-- population ---------------->
| population_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| population_total        = {{English district population|ONS=00AE|GSS=E09000005}}
| population_as_of        = {{United Kingdom statistics year}}
| population_rank         = {{English district rank|ONS=00AE|GSS=E09000005}} [[List of English districts by population|(of {{English district total}})]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_density_sq_mi= 
| population_blank2_title =
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| population_demonym      = 
<!-- time zone(s) -------------->
| timezone                = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]]
| utc_offset              = ±00:00{{!}}UTC
| timezone_DST            = [[British Summer Time|BST]]
| utc_offset_DST          = +1
<!-- postal codes, area code --->
| postal_code_type        = [[Postcodes in the United Kingdom|Postcodes]]
| postal_code             = {{postcode|HA}}, {{postcode|NW}}, {{postcode|W}}
| area_code_type          = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code               = 020
| geocode                 =
| iso_code                = GB-BEN
| registration_plate      =
<!-- blank fields (section 1) -->
| blank1_name             = [[ONS coding system|ONS code]]
| blank1_info             = 00AE
| blank2_name             = [[GSS coding system|GSS code]]
| blank2_info             = E09000005
<!-- blank fields (section 2) -->
| blank_name_sec2         = [[List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom|Police]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[Metropolitan Police]]
<!-- website, footnotes -------->
| website                 = http://www.brent.gov.uk
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''Brent''' ({{IPAc-en|b|r|ɛ|n|t|audio=En-uk-LBBrent.ogg}}) is a [[London boroughs|borough]] in north-west [[London]], England. It is known for landmarks such as [[Wembley Stadium]], the [[BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London|Swaminarayan Temple]] and the [[Kiln Theatre]]. It also contains the [[Brent Reservoir|Welsh Harp]] reservoir and the [[Park Royal]] commercial estate. The local authority is [[Brent London Borough Council]].

Brent's population was estimated to be 339,800 as at 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How the population changed in Brent, Census 2021 - ONS |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/censuspopulationchange/E09000005/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.ons.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> Major districts are [[Kilburn, London|Kilburn]], [[Willesden]], [[Wembley]] and [[Harlesden]], with sub-districts [[Stonebridge, London|Stonebridge]], [[Kingsbury, London|Kingsbury]], [[Kensal Green]], [[Neasden, London|Neasden]], and [[Queen's Park, London|Queen's Park]]. Brent has a mixture of [[residential]], industrial and [[Commercial district|commercial]] land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct [[suburban]] character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century [[Metro-land|Metroland]] developments.

==Local government==
===Administrative history===
[[File:Historical Brent Map.jpg|thumb|left|The Brent area in the [[Ordnance Survey]]'s First Series of maps (1805{{ndash}}1869)]]
The London Borough of Brent was created in 1965 under the [[London Government Act 1963]], covering the combined area of the former [[Municipal Borough of Wembley]] and the [[Municipal Borough of Willesden]]. The area was transferred from [[Middlesex]] to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs.<ref>{{cite book | first=Frederic |last=Youngs | title=Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England | volume=I: Southern England | year=1979 | publisher=[[Royal Historical Society]] | location=London | isbn=0-901050-67-9}}</ref>

The borough of Willesden had evolved from a [[Local board of health#Local Government Act 1858|local government district]] created in 1874 for the parish of Willesden.<ref>{{cite web |title=Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 4) Act 1874 |url=https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/37-38/152/contents/enacted |website=legislation.gov.uk |publisher=The National Archives |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref> Such districts were reconstituted as [[Urban district (England and Wales)|urban district]]s under the [[Local Government Act 1894]].<ref>{{cite legislation UK|type=act|act=Local Government Act 1894|year=1894|chapter=73|access-date=12 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Middlesex |date=1914 |page=467 |url=https://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/63775/rec/4 |access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref>

To coincide with the 1894 Act coming into force, an urban district called Wembley was created, covering the two parishes of [[Kingsbury, London|Kingsbury]] and Wembley, the latter being created at the same time from areas formerly in the [[ancient parish]] of [[Harrow on the Hill]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Annual Report of the Local Government Board |date=1895 |page=269 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gFIwAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA269 |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Kelly's Directory of Middlesex |date=1914 |page=458 |url=https://specialcollections.le.ac.uk/digital/collection/p16445coll4/id/63766/rec/4 |access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref> Kingsbury seceded from the Wembley Urban District in 1900 to become its own urban district, but was reunited with the Wembley Urban District in 1934.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kingsbury Urban District |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10108068 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=17 May 2024}}</ref> Willesden was incorporated to become a [[municipal borough]] in 1933,<ref>{{cite web |title=Willesden Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10213344 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref> as was Wembley in 1937.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wembley Urban District / Municipal Borough |url=https://visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10153050 |website=A Vision of Britain through Time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |access-date=16 May 2024}}</ref>

The modern borough takes its name from the [[River Brent]] which runs through the borough and separated the former boroughs of Wembley and Willesden.<ref>King, Rosamund & Barres-Baker, Malcolm - ''Britain in Old Photographs: The London Borough of Brent'' (Stroud, The History Press, 2011) p.4 {{ISBN|0-75245-827-2}}</ref>

==Governance==
{{main|Brent London Borough Council}}
The local authority is Brent Council, which is based at [[Brent Civic Centre]] in the [[Wembley Park]] area of the borough.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/london/update/2013-10-06/brents-new-civic-centre-officially-opens-to-the-public/|title=Brent's new civic centre opens|publisher=ITV|date=6 October 2013|access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>

===Greater London representation===
Since 2000, for elections to the [[London Assembly]], the borough forms part of the [[Brent and Harrow (London Assembly constituency)|Brent and Harrow]] constituency.

===UK Parliament===
The borough has two parliamentary constituencies: [[Brent East (UK Parliament constituency)|Brent East]] and [[Brent West (UK Parliament constituency)|Brent West]]. These were created by the [[2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies]], superseding the three previous constituencies of [[Brent North (UK Parliament constituency)|Brent North]], [[Brent Central (UK Parliament constituency)|Brent Central]] and [[Hampstead and Kilburn (UK Parliament constituency)|Hampstead and Kilburn]], which included part of the [[London Borough of Camden]]. Before the [[2010 United Kingdom general election]] it was divided into three constituencies contained wholly within the borough – [[Brent South (UK Parliament constituency)|Brent South]], [[Brent East (UK Parliament constituency)|Brent East]] and [[Brent North (UK Parliament constituency)|Brent North]].

==Demographics==
[[File:Brent population pyramid.svg|thumb|Population pyramid of the Borough of Brent in 2021]]
{{Historical populations
|type = UK
|title = Population
|footnote = Source: [http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_table_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TPop&u_id=10192973&c_id=10001043&add=N ''A Vision of Britain through time'']
|1801 |2022
|1811 |2690
|1821 |3074
|1831 |3991
|1841 |5416
|1851 |5646
|1861 |14749
|1871 |23852
|1881 |32955
|1891 |67674
|1901 |105613
|1911 |164833
|1921 |202448
|1931 |248656
|1941 |277842
|1951 |310457
|1961 |294804
|1971 |280009
|1981 |251249
|1991 |248569
|2001 |263463
|2011 |311215}}

In 1801, the [[civil parishes in England|civil parish]]es that form the modern borough had a total population of 2,022. This rose slowly throughout the nineteenth century, as the district became built up; reaching 5,646 in the middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of [[population growth]] increased. The population took five decades to rebound to the more muted peak of the 1950s, when much industry relocated from London, further boosting the speed of the wave of new housing then built.

Brent is the most diverse locality in the UK by country of birth. It in 2019 became the only local authority with over 50% of residents, namely 52%, born abroad.<ref>Local Area Migration Indicators, UK: Office for National Statistics. Published on 27 August 2020.</ref> Large Asian and Indian, Black African, Black Caribbean, Irish, and Eastern European communities exist. 45 per cent of the population was a minority ethnicity in the 1991 census,<ref>{{cite web|author=Nicholas Timmins |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/london-europes-new-ethnic-melting-pot-1525506.html |title=London: Europe's new ethnic melting pot |work=The Independent |date=13 December 1995 |access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> the most in England at the time.<ref>{{cite web|author=John Windsor |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/money/digging-for-treasure-in-a-dustbin-it-may-be-the-most-boring-museum-in-the-world-full-of-the-1404155.html |title=Digging for treasure in a dustbin: It may be the most boring museum in the world, full of the ephemeral bric-a-brac of recent history, but to his surprise, John Windsor has become a fan of The Grange in Neasden |work=The Independent |date=1 January 1994 |access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> In 1991 17.2% were Indian, 10.2% were Black Caribbean and 9% were Irish. Brent was the only Outer London borough combining high proportions of Indian and Afro-Caribbean ethnicities.<ref>{{cite thesis |url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10103917/1/Racial_segregation_in_London.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413105952/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10103917/1/Racial_segregation_in_London.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-13 |url-status=live |title=Racial segregation in London |date=June 1994 |publisher=University College London}}</ref>

The [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 UK Census]] found that the borough had a population of 263,464 residents, of whom 127,806 were male, and 135,658 female. Of those stating a choice, 47.71% described themselves as [[Christians|Christian]], 17.71% as [[Hindu]], 12.26% as [[Muslim]] and 10% as having [[irreligion|no religion]]. Among residents, 39.96% were in full-time employment and 7.86% in part-time employment &ndash; compared to a London average of 42.64% and 8.62%, respectively. Narrowly most residents included an [[owner-occupier]] in their household, with 23.17% of households owning their house outright, and a further 31.33% owning with a mortgage. 10.59% were in [[public housing|local authority housing]], with a further 13.29% renting from a [[housing association]], or other registered social landlord.<ref>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276747&c=Brent&d=13&e=16&g=328340&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1235565745511&enc=1 ''Key Figures for 2001 Census: Census Area Statistics: Brent''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502044818/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=276747&c=Brent&d=13&e=16&g=328340&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1235565745511&enc=1 |date=2 May 2016 }}, neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk; accessed 25 February 2009.</ref>

The [[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 census]] found that the borough has England and Wales's lowest proportion of people born in the UK, at 43.9%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country of birth - Census Maps, ONS |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/maps/choropleth/population/country-of-birth/country-of-birth-3a/born-in-the-uk |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=www.ons.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref>

The borough of Brent is extremely ethnically diverse, having changed greatly since 1951. In the 2011 census, those who identified as White British made up 18% of the borough's population. 18% identified as other White, 5% were of mixed heritage, those of South Asian heritage comprised about 33%, those of African and Caribbean heritage about 19%, and other ethnic groups about 7%. White ethnicities were relatively high in the wards of Mapesbury (straddling [[Willesden Green]] and [[Cricklewood]]), Brondesbury Park, Queen's Park and Kilburn. Black ethnicities in highest proportion were in Stonebridge, Harlesden and Kensal Green wards. Asian ethnicities in highest proportion were in the wards of Alperton, Wembley Central and Kenton.<ref>[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls ''2011 Census data''], accessed 4 November 2013.</ref> Those who ethnically identify as [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|BAME]] (Black, Asian and minority Ethnic) was as high as 86% in Wembley Central &ndash; one of the highest in London &ndash; and most other Brent wards have a majority BAME population. Queen's Park had the lowest BAME proportion, at 37.0%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/ward-profiles-and-atlas|title=Ward Profiles and Atlas – London Datastore}}</ref>

Brent has the highest proportion of [[Irish people|Irish]] residents in Britain, with 4% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls|title=''2011 Census data''}}</ref> It also has the largest [[Brazilians in the United Kingdom|Brazilian]] community in the UK;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lawrs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/No-longer-invisible-the-LA-community-in-London-REPORT.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608203947/http://www.lawrs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/No-longer-invisible-the-LA-community-in-London-REPORT.pdf |archive-date=2019-06-08 |url-status=live |title=Layout 1 |access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> one of the largest [[British Indians|Indian]] communities;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onedome.com/locations/uk/england/london/brent |title=The London Borough of Brent |publisher=Onedome.com |access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> a significant [[Afro-Caribbean]] community;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://capitalwestlondon.co.uk/brent/|title=Brent}}</ref> and more recent [[Romanians in the United Kingdom|Romanian]], [[Poles in the United Kingdom|Polish]] and [[Somalis in the United Kingdom|Somali]] communities.<ref>https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/492406/response/1187217/attach/html/5/Brent Council Controlling Migration Fund application.pdf.html</ref>

The 2021 census showed that 1.3% of adults in Brent identified as [[transgender]], derived from the Census question, "Is the gender you identify with the same as your sex registered at birth?". This gave Brent the second highest proportion of transgender adults after the [[Borough of Newham]] (at 1.5%). The overall proportion in England and Wales was 0.5% with Brighton, an area well known for its LGBT communities, 1%. However, Prof Michael Biggs of Oxford University showed there was a correlation between the proportion of transgender people in these areas and the proportion for whom English was not their first language (34% in Brent and 35% in Newham, compared to 9% nationally), suggesting the question was not fully understood by some.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biggs |first=Michael |date=2024-04-19 |title=Gender Identity in the 2021 Census of England and Wales: How a Flawed Question Created Spurious Data |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00380385241240441 |journal=Sociology |language=en |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=1305–1323 |doi=10.1177/00380385241240441 |issn=0038-0385}}</ref> Prof Biggs described the figures as "irredeemably flawed".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Manning |first=Sanchez |date=2024-09-19 |title=How Britain ‘hugely overstated’ its trans population |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2024/09/19/how-britain-hugely-overstated-its-trans-population/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Biggs |first=Michael |date=2024-09-15 |title=The ONS finally admits to flawed trans population statistics |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-ons-finally-admits-to-flawed-trans-population-statistics/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=The Spectator |language=en-GB}}</ref> In September 2024, Mary Gregory, a deputy director at the [[Office for National Statistics|ONS]] said some people may have misunderstood the question, saying there was "potential bias" in how the question was answered "by those who responded that they had lower levels of English proficiency, some of whom may have mistakenly given an answer suggesting they were trans". As a result, the ONS downgraded the data from "accredited official statistics" to "official statistics in development" to reflect the possible flaws.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-13 |title=Number of trans people may have been overestimated in census, ONS says |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3030519849o |access-date=2024-12-31 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>

===Religion===
As of 2011, 41.5% identified themselves as Christian, 18.6% Muslim, 17.8% Hindu and 10.6% with no religion.<ref>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275032&c=Brent&d=13&e=62&g=6320108&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1392854602975&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2479 Brent profile by religious adherence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502065650/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275032&c=Brent&d=13&e=62&g=6320108&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1392854602975&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2479 |date=2 May 2016 }}, http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/ |date=11 February 2003 }}; accessed 7 December 2014.</ref> Brent is home of the [[Neasden Temple]], once the largest Hindu [[Mandir]] outside India; and [[JFS (school)|JFS]], the largest Jewish school in Europe.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/schools-to-expand-1.434349| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170315181253/https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/schools-to-expand-1.434349| archive-date = 2017-03-15| title = JFS and JCoSS announce expansion plan - The Jewish Chronicle}}</ref> There is also an Islamic school called [[Islamia Primary School]] founded by [[Cat Stevens]].

The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Brent according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses.

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Religion
! colspan="2" |1995 estimates<ref>{{Cite web |title=A PROFILE OF BRITISH JEWRY - 1995 |url=https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/a_pr/A%20PROFILE%20OF%20BRITISH%20JEWRY.pdf |page=12}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/summary.asp?mode=construct&version=0&dataset=1607 |title=KS007 - Religion  |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 census<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/QS208EW/view/1946157259?cols=measures |title=2011 census – theme tables |access-date=8 January 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062523/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/QS208EW/view/1946157259?cols=measures |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1 | title=Religion - Office for National Statistics }}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Christianity|Christian]]
|–
|–|| 125,702 || 47.7 || 129,080 || 41.5 || 131,914 || 38.8
|-
|style="text-align:left" | [[Islam|Muslim]]
|–
|–|| 32,290 || 12.3 || 58,036 || 18.6 || 72,574|| 21.4
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Judaism|Jewish]]
|10,100
|4.2%|| 6,464 || 2.5 || 4,357 || 1.4 || 3,723 || 1.1
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Hinduism|Hindu]]
|–
|–|| 45,228 || 17.2 || 55,449 || 17.8 || 52,876 || 15.6
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Sikhism|Sikh]]
|–
|–|| 1,738 || 0.7|| 1,709 || 0.5 || 1,530|| 0.5
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Buddhist|Buddhism]]
|–
|–|| 2,497 || 0.9 || 4,300 || 1.4 || 3,117 || 0.9
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other religion
|–
|–|| 2,977 || 1.1|| 3,768 || 1.2 || 4,424 || 1.3
|-
| style="text-align:left" | [[Irreligion|No religion]]
|–
|–||26,252|| 10.0 || 33,054 || 10.6 || 46,153 || 13.6
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Religion not stated
|–
|–|| 20,316 || 7.7 || 21,462 || 6.9 || 23,506 || 6.9
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! style="text-align:left" | Total 
!–
!–!! 263,464 !! 100.00% !! 311,215 !!100.00% !! 339,800 !! 100.0%
|}

=== Health ===
According to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] survey of [[Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom|female genital mutilation]], in the year to 31 March 2016, Brent represented the highest number of attendees, by current residence or visiting location, to medical services, at 1,250, 545 more than the next-highest local authority, [[Bristol]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmhaff/390/39004.htm#_idTextAnchor010|title=House of Commons - Female genital mutilation: abuse unchecked - Home Affairs Committee|website=publications.parliament.uk|access-date=9 November 2018}}</ref>

In 2015, the BBC reported that some wards of Brent and four other London boroughs had rates of [[tuberculosis]] over ten times the national average, and higher than rates seen in [[Iraq]] and [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-34637968|title=London areas have higher TB than Iraq|date=27 October 2015|access-date=15 January 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
[[File:Ethnic makeup of Brent by single year ages.svg|thumb|248x248px|Ethnic makeup of Brent by single year ages in 2021]]
This table shows the stated ethnic group of respondents in the 1991 to 2021 censuses and estimates for 1966 and 1981 in Brent.
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic Group
! colspan="14" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1966 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Frasure |first=Robert C. |date=1971 |title=Constituency Racial Composition and the Attitudes of British M. P.'s |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/421299 |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=201–210 |doi=10.2307/421299 |jstor=421299 |issn=0010-4159}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deakin |first1=N. |last2=Cohen |first2=B.G. |date=June 1970 |title=Dispersal and Choice: Towards a Strategy for Ethnic Minorities in Britain |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/a020193 |journal=Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space |language=en |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=193–201 |doi=10.1068/a020193 |bibcode=1970EnPlA...2..193D |issn=0308-518X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=KRAMER |first=DANIEL C. |date=1969 |title=White Versus Colored in Britain: An Explosive Confrontation? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40969991 |journal=Social Research |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=585–605 |jstor=40969991 |issn=0037-783X}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Migration and London's growth |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/74375221.pdf#page=94 |publisher=LSE}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991 census<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/ethnicityin1991c0000unse |title=Ethnicity in the 1991 census: Vol 3 - Social geography and ethnicity in Britain, geographical spread, spatial concentration and internal migration |date=1996 |publisher=London : HMSO |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-11-691655-6}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/query/construct/submit.asp?forward=yes&menuopt=201&subcomp= |title=KS006 - Ethnic group  |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011 census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/QS201EW/view/1946157259?cols=measures |title=Ethnic Group by measures |publisher=NOMIS |access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1/filter-outputs/d2f0a39a-75b6-4995-b4bd-a5b68ff79027#get-data |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!–
!92.6%
!–
!82%
!152,640
!67.4%
!136,150
!54.8%
!119,278
!45.27%
!112,880
!36.27%
!117,701
!34.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 76,893|| 29.19% || 55,887|| 17.96%
|51,611
|15.2%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 18,313 || 6.95% || 12,320|| 3.96%
|9,314
|2.7%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[White Gypsy or Irish Traveller|Gypsy or Irish Traveller]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–||  –||  –|| 320|| 0.10%
|237
|0.1%
|-
|White: Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|
|
|
|
|
|
|2,520
|0.7%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 24,072|| 9.14% || 44,353|| 14.25%
|54,019
|15.9%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[British Asian|Asian or Asian British]]: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!39,359
!17.4%
!63,141
!25.4%!! 75,874 !! 28.80% !! 105,986 !! 34.06%
!111,515
!32.8%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|28,238
|12.5%
|43,230
| 17.4%|| 48,624 || 18.46% || 58,017|| 18.64%
|66,157
|19.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,714
|2.1%
|7,565
| 3%|| 10,626|| 4.03% || 14,381 || 4.62%
|15,217
|4.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|434
|
|758
| || 1,184|| 0.45% || 1,749|| 0.56%
|2,186
|0.6%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,943
|
|2,641
| || 2,812 || 1.07% || 3,250|| 1.04%
|3,393
|1.0%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Asian or Asian British: Other Asian 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,030
|1.8%
|8,947
| 3.6%|| 12,628 || 4.79% || 28,589|| 9.19%
|24,562
|7.2%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Black British people|Black or Black British]]: Total  
!–
!–
!–
!–
!29,825
!13.2%
!41,467
!16.7%!! 52,337 !! 19.86% !! 58,632 !! 18.84%
!59,495
!17.5%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,888
|2.6%
|10,305
| 4.1%|| 20,640 || 7.83% || 24,391 || 7.84%
|31,070
|9.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|19,932
|8.8%
|25,618
| 10.3%|| 27,574 || 10.47% || 23,723 || 7.62%
|21,258
|6.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Black or Black British: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Black]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,005
|1.8%
|5,544
| 2.2%|| 4,123 || 1.56% || 10,518 || 3.38%
|7,167
|2.1%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed or British Mixed]]: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–!! 9,802 !! 3.72% !! 15,775 !! 5.07%
!17,249
!5.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black Caribbean 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 2,739 || 1.04% || 4,291 || 1.38%
|3,775
|1.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Black African 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 1,739 || 0.66% || 2,820 || 0.91%
|3,184
|0.9%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: White and Asian 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 2,529 || 0.96% || 3,642|| 1.17%
|3,607
|1.1%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Mixed: Other Mixed 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–|| 2,795 || 1.06% || 5,022 || 1.61%
|6,683
|2.0%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Other: Total 
!–
!–
!–
!–
!4,757
!2.1%
!7,842
! 3.2%!! 6,173 !! 2.34% !! 17,942 !! 5.77%
!33,861
!10%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Arab 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–||  –||  –|| 11,430|| 3.67%
|17,924
|5.3%
|-
| style="text-align:left" | Other: Any other ethnic group 
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
| –|| –|| –|| 6,512 || 2.09%
|15,937
|4.7%
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Ethnic minority: Total 
!–
!7.4%
!–
!18%
!73,941
!32.6%
!112,450
!45.2%!! 144,186 !! 54.73% !! 198,335 !! 63.73%
!222,120
!65.4%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Total 
!–
!100%
!–
!100%
!226,581
!100%
!248,600
!100%!! 263,464 !! 100.00% !! 311,215 !! 100.00%
!339,821
!100%
|}

==Geography==
{{main|List of districts in Brent}}
Major districts of Brent include [[Kilburn, London|Kilburn]], [[Willesden]] and [[Wembley]].

===Climate===
Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round.  The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Cfb]]". (Marine West Coast Climate/[[Oceanic climate]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/|title=Travel Weather Averages (Weatherbase)|website=Weatherbase}}</ref>{{failed verification|reason=site does not have an entry for Brent or any location within it|date=June 2019}}
{{Weather box
|location = Borough of Brent, UK
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|Jan high F = 46
|Feb high F = 46
|Mar high F = 50
|Apr high F = 54
|May high F = 59
|Jun high F = 63
|Jul high F = 66
|Aug high F = 66
|Sep high F = 63
|Oct high F = 57
|Nov high F = 52
|Dec high F = 46
|year high F = 55
|Jan low F = 37
|Feb low F = 37
|Mar low F = 39
|Apr low F = 41
|May low F = 46
|Jun low F = 50
|Jul low F = 54
|Aug low F = 54
|Sep low F = 50
|Oct low F = 46
|Nov low F = 43
|Dec low F = 39
|year low F = 45
|Jan precipitation inch = 5.2
|Feb precipitation inch = 4.3
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.1
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.3
|May precipitation inch = 3.1
|Jun precipitation inch = 2.5
|Jul precipitation inch = 3
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.5
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.5
|Oct precipitation inch = 5.7
|Nov precipitation inch = 5.9
|Dec precipitation inch = 6.1
|year precipitation inch = 49.4
|source = Weatherbase<ref name=Weatherbase>
{{Weatherbase
| place = Brent, England
| id = 591029
| type = summary
| accessdate = 7 December 2014}}</ref>{{Failed verification|reason=site does not have an entry for Brent or any location within it|date=June 2019}}
}}

==Economy==
Behind [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]], Brent has the highest poverty rate in London after housing costs.<ref>Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings, ONS</ref> It was the borough with the highest average unemployment rate in 2022 with 7%.<ref>Data are based on annual January to December figures. Unemployment rate is the proportion of the working age economically active population.</ref> More than one in three households live in poverty, 9% above the London average, and 14% above the England average.<ref>Analysis of ONS, Households in Poverty estimates for middle layer super output areas, England & Wales, 2013/14</ref>

[[Diageo]] has its head office in [[Park Royal, London|Park Royal]] and in Brent,<ref>"[http://www.diageo.com/en-row/Pages/contacts.aspx Diageo Contacts]." [[Diageo]]. Retrieved on 1 September 2011. "Diageo plc Lakeside Drive Park Royal London NW107HQ"</ref><ref>"[http://www.brent.gov.uk/tmaps.nsf/Map?ReadForm&x=google&loc=tmaps.nsf/brentboundary.xml?ReadForm&pid=365 Brent Boundary (approximate)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201150254/http://www.brent.gov.uk/tmaps.nsf/Map?ReadForm&x=google&loc=tmaps.nsf%2Fbrentboundary.xml%3FReadForm&pid=365 |date=1 February 2012 }}." London Borough of Brent. Retrieved on 1 September 2011.</ref> on a former [[Guinness]] brewery property.<ref name="Henriettaend">Dunkley, Jamie. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/5024097/Drinks-maker-Diageo-to-close-London-office.html "Drinks maker Diageo to close London office"], ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 20 March 2009; retrieved 1 September 2011.</ref> The brewery was closed in 2004; it had produced beer since 1936.<ref>Innes, John. [http://news.scotsman.com/uk/Guinness-closes-UK-brewery.2520636.jp "Guinness closes UK brewery"], ''[[The Scotsman]]''. 16 April 2004; retrieved 1 September 2011.</ref> Diageo planned to move its head office to Brent from Central London when the lease on the Central London office expired in 2010.<ref name="Henriettaend" />

==Amenities and culture==
[[File:Brent Town Hall (Front), Wembley - geograph.org.uk - 865102.jpg|thumb|The old [[Brent Town Hall]]]]
[[File:Brent Civic Centre and Wembley Library (13830389734).jpg|thumb|The new [[Brent Civic Centre]]]]

===Education===
{{Main|List of schools in the London Borough of Brent}}

===Compulsory recycling===
Recycling has been compulsory in Brent since 2008.<ref name=recyclenews>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7538786.stm |title=Mass sign-up to London recycling scheme |publisher=BBC News (UK, England) |date=2 August 2008 |access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref>

===London Fire Brigade===
Brent has three fire stations: [[Park Royal]], [[Wembley]] and [[Willesden]]. Brent has a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. Wembley National Stadium is in the borough; on match days the fire safety of over 90,000 people falls to the London Fire Brigade. The Wembley station covers the largest area in the borough, {{Convert|19.1|km2|abbr = on}}.<ref name="London Fire Brigade - Brent Profile">[http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/about_us/media/Brent.pdf London Fire Brigade - Brent Profile], london-fire.gov.uk; accessed 7 December 2014.</ref> Two pumping appliances, a fire rescue unit and an aerial ladder platform are based there. Willesden, for its more typical area covered ({{Convert|10.5|km2|abbr = on}}), responded to over a thousand incidents in 2006/2007.<ref name="London Fire Brigade - Brent Profile"/> Two pumping appliances reside there. Park Royal, with its one pumping appliance and an incident response unit covers {{Convert|8.1|km2|abbr = on}}.
Within the borough, 4,105 incidents occurred in 2006/2007.<ref name="London Fire Brigade - Brent Profile"/>

===Transport===
Like most of northwest London, Brent is served extensively by the [[London Underground]]. 21 tube stations are located in Brent, all served by either the Metropolitan, Jubilee, Bakerloo or Piccadilly Lines. All of them are surface level, with the exception of Kilburn Park tube station in the southeast of the borough. This number is the second highest of all London boroughs behind Westminster, which has 32 stations within its boundaries. The numerous [[London Underground]], [[London Overground]] and [[National Rail]] stations in the borough are:

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Alperton tube station]]
* [[Brondesbury railway station]]
* [[Brondesbury Park railway station]]
* [[Dollis Hill tube station]]
* [[Harlesden station]]
* [[Kensal Green station]]
* [[Kenton station]]
* [[Kilburn tube station]]
* [[Kilburn Park tube station]]
* [[Kingsbury tube station]]
* [[Neasden tube station]]
* [[North Wembley station]]
* [[Northwick Park tube station]]
* [[Preston Road tube station]]
* [[Queensbury tube station]]
* [[Queen's Park (London) station|Queen's Park station]]
* [[South Kenton station]]
* [[Stonebridge Park station]]
* [[Sudbury Town tube station]]
* [[Sudbury & Harrow Road railway station]]
* [[Wembley Central station]]
* [[Wembley Park tube station]]
* [[Wembley Stadium railway station]] 
* [[Willesden Green tube station]]
* [[Willesden Junction station]]
{{Div col end}}

==== Travel to work ====
In March 2011, the plurality of residents aged 16–74 were not in employment, 38.9%. After that, the main forms of transport to work were:
* underground, metro, light rail, tram, 18.3%; 
* driving a car or van, 17.4%; 
* bus, minibus or coach, 11.5%; 
* on foot, 4.6%; 
* train, 4.5%; 
* work mainly at or from home, 2.6%; 
* bicycle, 1.7%.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Census: QS701EW Method of travel to work, local authorities in England and Wales|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-wards-and-output-areas-in-england-and-wales/rft-qs701ew.xls|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=23 November 2013}} Percentages are of all residents aged 16-74 including those not in employment. Respondents could only select one mode.</ref>

===Landmarks===
*[[Wembley Stadium]]
*[[Wembley Arena]]
*[[BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir London|Neasden Temple]]
*[[Jubilee clock]] Harlesden 
*[[Brent Civic Centre]]
*[http://www.swaminarayangadi.com/london Shree Swaminarayan Temple, Kingsbury]

===Parks and open spaces===
{{Main|Brent parks and open spaces}}
*[[Roe Green Park]]
*[[Fryent Country Park]]
*[[Queen's Park, London|Queen's Park]]
*[[Roundwood Park]]
*[[Tiverton Green]]
*[[Gladstone Park, London|Gladstone Park]]
*[[Barham Park]]
*[[One Tree Hill Park]]
*[[Maybank Open Space]]
*[[King Edward VII Park]]
*[[Harlesden Town Garden]]

===Sport and leisure===
The Borough has three [[Non-League football]] clubs:
*[[Tokyngton Manor F.C.]], which plays at Spratleys Meadow.
*[[Wembley F.C.]], which plays at Vale Farm stadium
*[[South Kilburn F.C.]] which plays at Vale Farm stadium.

==Town twinning==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom}}

Brent is twinned with:
* [[South Dublin]], [[Leinster]], Ireland

==Freedom of the Borough==
The following people and military units have received the [[Freedom of the City|Freedom of the Borough]] of Brent.

{{Incomplete list|date=July 2020}}

===Individuals===
* [[Nelson Mandela]]: 24 June 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-23040394|title=Nelson Mandela given freedom of borough of Brent|work=BBC News|date=24 June 2013}}</ref>

===Military units===

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|London Borough of Brent}}

{{LB Brent}}
{{London}}
{{Portal bar|London}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:London Borough of Brent| ]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:London boroughs|Brent]]