Editing Lombok Strait

{{Short description|Strait in Indonesia}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name               = Lombok Strait
| image              = ISS059-E-75321 - View of Indonesia.jpg
| caption            = Lombok Strait seen from the [[International Space Station]]
| image_bathymetry   = Lombok strait.png
| caption_bathymetry = 
| depth              = {{convert|250|m|abbr=on}}
| max-depth          = 
| inflow             = 
| outflow            = 
| catchment          = 
| basin_countries    = [[Indonesia]]
| length             = {{convert|60|km|abbr=on}}
| width              = {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}}
| min_width          = {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}}
| islands            = [[Bali]]
[[Lombok]]
[[Gili Islands]]
[[Nusa Penida]]
| etymology          = 
| location           = 
| pushpin_map        = Indonesia
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|8|46|S|115|44|E |region:ID_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint      = 
| part_of            = 
| alt                = 
| type               = [[Strait]]
| cities             = 
| area               = 
| oceans             =[[Indian Ocean]] and 
[[Bali Sea]]
}}

The '''Lombok Strait''' ({{langx|id|Selat Lombok}}) is a [[strait]] of the [[Bali Sea]] connecting to the [[Indian Ocean]], and is located between the islands of [[Bali]] and [[Lombok]] in [[Indonesia]]. The [[Gili Islands]] are on the Lombok side.

Its narrowest point is at its southern opening, with a width of about {{convert|20|km|abbr=in}} between the islands of Lombok and [[Nusa Penida]], in the middle of the strait. At the northern opening, it is {{convert|40|km|abbr=in}} across. Its total length is about {{convert|60|km|abbr=in}}. As it is minimum {{convert|250|m|abbr=in}} deep<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/18_4/18.4_susanto_et_al.pdf |title=Ocean Internal Waves Observed in the Lombok Strait |last=Susanto |first=R. Dwi |author2=Leonid Mitnik |author3=Quanan Zheng |journal=Oceanography |volume=18 |number=4 |pages=83 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009174634/http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/18_4/18.4_susanto_et_al.pdf |date=December 2005 |doi=10.5670/oceanog.2005.08 |bibcode=2005Ocgpy..18d..80S |archive-date= 9 October 2011 |access-date=16 May 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>—much deeper than the [[Strait of Malacca]]—ships that draw too much water to pass through the Malacca Strait (so-called "post [[Malaccamax]]" vessels) often use the Lombok Strait, instead.

The Lombok Strait is notable as one of the main passages for the [[Indonesian Throughflow]] (ITF) that exchanges water between the Indian Ocean and the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_iop_journals_10_1088_1755_1315_618_1_012014|access-date=2021-05-17|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref>

It is also part of the [[biogeography|biogeographical]] boundary between the fauna of the [[Indomalayan realm]] and the distinctly different fauna of [[Australasian realm|Australasia]]. The boundary is known as the [[Wallace Line]], for [[Alfred Russel Wallace]], who first remarked upon the striking difference between animals of Indomalaya and those of Australasia, and how abrupt the boundary was between the two [[biomes]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Van Oosterzee|first=Penny|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38218451|title=Where worlds collide : the Wallace line|date=1997|publisher=Reed|isbn=0-7301-0470-2|location=Kew, Vic.|oclc=38218451}}</ref>

Biologists believe it was the depth of the Lombok Strait itself that kept the animals on either side isolated from one another.<ref name=":5" /> When sea levels dropped during the [[Pleistocene]] [[ice age]], the islands of Bali, [[Java (island)|Java]] and [[Sumatra]] were all connected to one another and to the mainland of [[Asia]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=aresetar|date=2011-01-12|title=Pleistocene Sea Level Maps|url=https://www.fieldmuseum.org/pleistocene-sea-level-maps|access-date=2021-05-31|website=Field Museum|language=en}}</ref> They shared the Asian fauna. The Lombok Strait's deep water kept Lombok and the [[Lesser Sunda Islands|Lesser Sunda archipelago]] isolated from the Asian mainland.  These islands were, instead, colonised by Australasian fauna.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|last=Dawkins|first=Richard|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60794544|title=The ancestor's tale : a pilgrimage to the dawn of life|date=2005|publisher=Phoenix|others=Yan Wong|isbn=978-0-7538-1996-8|location=London|oclc=60794544}}</ref>

== Marine biodiversity ==
The Lombok Strait is abundant of flora and fauna species which have been well explored through Bali’s diving tourism.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Hoeksema|first1=Bert W|last2=Yosephine|first2=Tuti|date=2001|title=Marine biogeography of Lombok Strait, Bali, 2001|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263932871|journal=Preliminary Expedition Report|via=ResearchGate}}</ref> As the Lombok Strait connects the Bali Sea to the Indian Ocean, the abundance of flora and fauna is due to its location between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, where the strait acts as a passage for currents. Accompanied by its flora and fauna is its marine habitats which vary in water temperature, its presence of volcanic and limestone sediments, local freshwater inflow between creeks, sandy reef slopes, and strong currents.<ref name=":0" /> According to the results obtained from a coral reef expedition conducted by the [[Naturalis Biodiversity Center|National Museum of Natural History-Naturalis Leiden]], in partnership with the Research and Development Centre for Oceanology of the [[Indonesian Institute of Sciences]] (PPPO-LIPI), Jakarta, and the [[World Wide Fund for Nature|WWF]] Indonesia-Wallacea Bioregion, Bali in April 2001, the coral reef fauna of the Lombok Strait was one of the most diverse and richest in the world.<ref name=":0" /> The diversity of its marine [[biogeography]] includes the following groups: stony corals ([[Scleractinia]] and [[hydrocoral]]s), soft corals ([[Octocorallia]]), sponges ([[Porifera]]), forams ([[Foraminifera|Foramanifera]]), shrimps ([[Decapoda]]), snails ([[Gastropoda]]), and fishes.<ref name=":0" />

The Lombok Strait is part of the [[Biogeography|biogeographical]] boundary between the fauna of the [[Indomalayan realm]] and the distinctly different fauna of [[Australasian realm|Australasia]]. The boundary is known as the [[Wallace Line]], for [[Alfred Russel Wallace]], who first remarked upon the striking difference between animals of Indomalaya and those of Australasia, and how abrupt the boundary was between the two [[biomes]].<ref name=":4" /> When sea levels dropped during the [[Pleistocene]] [[ice age]], the islands of Bali, [[Java (island)|Java]] and [[Sumatra]] were all connected to one another and to the mainland of [[Asia]].<ref name=":5" /> They shared the Asian fauna. The Lombok Strait's deep water kept Lombok and the [[Lesser Sunda Islands|Lesser Sunda archipelago]] isolated from the Asian mainland. These islands were instead, colonised by Australasian fauna.<ref name=":6" />

The ocean surrounding the Indonesian archipelago is inhabited by 30 marine mammals.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Dharmadi|last2=Wiadnyana|first2=Ngurah N|date=2011|title=Status and research activities on marine mammals in Indonesia|url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/138572/1/10thSEASTAR_69.pdf|journal=Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on SEASTAR2000 and Asian Bio-logging Science (The 10th SEASTAR2000 Workshop)|pages=69–74}}</ref> The diverse range of mammals include rare and endangered whales and dolphins. The endangered status of marine mammals in Indonesian waters is a consequence of the extreme fisheries activities undertaken along the strait waters, such as coastal net-entanglements and reef bombing.<ref name=":7" /> The statistics of fisheries activities along Indonesian waters was that an annual catch of more than 4.5 million tonnes occurred in 2006 and the catches between 1996-1997 included 1424 [[manta ray]]s, 18 [[whale shark]]s, 312 other shark species, 4 [[minke whale]]s, 326 dolphins, 577 [[pilot whale]]s, 789 [[marlin]], 84 turtles, and 9 [[dugong]]s.<ref name=":7" /> The Lombok Strait is abundantly inhabited by the longnosed [[spinner dolphin]] (S. longirostris) and is commonly inhabited by the [[pantropical spotted dolphin]] (S. attenuata), [[bottlenose dolphin]] (T. truncatus), and the Southeast Asian spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris roseiventris).<ref name=":7" /> The habitat of these [[cetacea]]n species consist of large rivers, [[mangrove]]s, and coastal environments.

Marine bacterial isolates are formed as a result of [[Total petroleum hydrocarbon|petroleum hydrocarbon]] contamination.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=Syakti|first1=Agung Dhamar|last2=Lestari|first2=Priyati|last3=Simanora|first3=Satya|last4=Sari|first4=Lilik Kartika|last5=Lestari|first5=Febrianti|last6=Idris|first6=Fadliyah|last7=Agustiadi|first7=Teguh|last8=Akhlus|first8=Syafsir|last9=Hidayati|first9=Nuning Vita|last10=Riyanti|date=May 2019|title=Culturable hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacterial isolates from Indonesian seawater in the Lombok Strait and Indian Ocean|url=|journal=Heliyon|volume=5|issue=5|pages=e01594|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01594|doi-access=free |issn=2405-8440|pmc=6512556|pmid=31111106|bibcode=2019Heliy...501594S }}</ref> According to a cruise investigation of the Indian Ocean and Lombok Strait conducted by the Institute for Marine Research and Observation, [[Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Indonesia)|Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries]] (BPOL-KKP), the bacteria present in the marine environment of Indonesia consisted of: [[Aeromonas salmonicida|Aeromonas sp.]], [[Pseudomonas|Pseudomonas sp.]], [[Bacillus sporothermodurans|Bacillus sp.]], B. megaterium and [[Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis|Corynebacterium sp.]], through the enumeration and isolation of oil-degrading bacteria. Five distinct [[Microbial biodegradation|hydrocarbonoclastic]] marine bacterial species and two species from the [[Bacillus]] genera family, are bacterial strains that have been identified in the Lombok Strait.<ref name=":8" /> These bacterial strains have the potential to remediate the marine environment.<ref name=":8" /> The bacterial strains existing in Indonesian waters, including the Indian Ocean and the Lombok Strait, degrade [[polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon]]s (PAHs). This is because majority of the world’s crude oil are traded along the route of the Lombok Strait.<ref name=":8" /> The cultivable marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria identified in the Lombok Strait specifically have six [[Morphology (biology)|morphologies]]: LS-3, LS-13, LS-14, LS-15, LS-16, and LS-20. These colonies are discovered to have smooth and rippled surfaces and are of convex and raised elevation. They are found to be of various colours: yellow, opaque, white, and purple.<ref name=":8" /> [[Callidiopini]] species are identified to have been found on the islands of Bali and Lombok, which are divided by the Lombok Strait. One species of the Callidiopine fauna, Diatomocephala larvata (Ceresium larvatum) is unique to the Lombok Strait.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Yokoi|first=Yaheita|date=2015|title=Notes on the Callidiopini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) across the Lombok Strait|url=http://coleoptera.sakura.ne.jp/ElytraNS/5-1_185.pdf|journal=Elytra, Tokyo|series=New Series|volume=5|pages=185–205}}</ref>

== Oceanic features ==
{{See also|Indonesian Throughflow}}
[[File:Clouds over Lombok Strait, Gili Islands, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.jpg|thumb|left|280px|Lombok Strait, [[Gili Islands]]]]

The Lombok Strait is notable as one of the main passages for the [[Indonesian Throughflow]] (ITF) that exchanges water between the Indian Ocean and the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The formation of the Lombok Strait is influenced by oceanic tidal mixing, [[Ocean heat content|heat content of the water masses]], and seasonal changes. As the Lombok Strait is situated between Bali and Lombok, it is an exit way for the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) which connects the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.<ref name=":1" /> As a result of this, oceanic tidal mixing occurs. Oceanic tidal mixing occurs in shallow seas and near-coastal areas.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_proquest_journals_2216940007|access-date=2021-05-31|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> Tidal mixing can induce an [[oscillation]] in [[sea surface temperature]]s (SST) during the near-fortnightly spring-neap period.<ref name=":9" /> Tidal mixing in the waters of the Indonesian [[archipelago]] is particularly intense due to the rough [[topography]] in the Lifamatola, [[Manipa]], [[Ombai Strait|Ombai]], and Lombok Straits, and the [[Sibutu Islands|Sibutu Island]] chains.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A652263027|access-date=2021-05-31|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> The Lombok Strait is a strong tidal mixing hotspot. This is because numerical simulations have shown that there is a large conversion of [[Semidiurnal tide|semidiurnal]] M2 [[Barotropic fluid|barotropic]] to [[Baroclinity|baroclinic]] [[internal tide]]s surrounding the Nusa Penida Sill (NPS).<ref name=":10" />

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) affects the climate of the region as it regulates the position of [[hot pools]] in the Indian Ocean. [[Climate change]] occurs as the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) contributes to the contained heat content in the strait and its sea surface temperatures (SST). The location of the strait causes the heat content of the water masses to be influenced by the [[monsoon]] season in Asia, and [[El Niño–Southern Oscillation|El-Niño Southern Oscillation]] (ENSO) and [[Indian Ocean Dipole]] (IOD) which are climate phenomena.<ref name=":1" /> Moreover, the monsoon season from December to May causes precipitation to occur and fresh water to form at the Java Sea, which in turn, influences the [[salinity]] of the Lombok Strait.<ref name=":10" /> This makes the Lombok Strait distinct from other bodies of water along the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]] chain. The ocean heat content of the Lombok Strait is determined by ocean-atmosphere interactions. This is crucial to climate change because heat is mostly absorbed by the oceans, which cover 70% of the earth’s surface. An increase in ocean heat content accompanied by the melting of ice caps, leads to an increase in sea levels, which ultimately results to a disruption in [[ecosystem]]s and the lifestyles of human life. The fortnightly cycles of the ocean’s sea surface temperatures (SST) and Bali’s atmosphere have a peak seasonal cycle, which takes place during boreal summer.<ref name=":9" />

The monsoon season also determines the wave properties of the Lombok Strait. The arc-like [[internal wave]] and the irregular internal wave are wave patterns which occur as a result of seasonal influences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1919953212|access-date=2021-05-17|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> The tide flow is controlled through Nusa Penida Sill (NPS), reaching 350 m in depth.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_gale_infotracacademiconefile_A652263027|access-date=2021-05-17|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> The Lombok Strait features strong [[Semidiurnal tides|semi-diurnal tides]] of ~90 m in [[amplitude]] with a distance of 30&nbsp;km from the Nusa Penida Sill (NPS).<ref name=":11" /> The flow of the strait waters also makes it distinctive as it consists of a layered structure: the upper layer has a permanent southward flow and the lower layer has a reversing southward-northward flow.<ref name=":11" />

== Maritime issues ==
As the Lombok Strait borders Indonesia, it is affected by maritime issues related to international trade. The [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|UN Secretary General]] has identified seven threats to [[maritime security]] in the Report on Oceans and the Law of the Sea 2008, which are: terrorist acts against shipping, offshore installations and other maritime interests, illicit trafficking in weapons of mass destruction, illicit trafficking in drugs, [[human trafficking]], [[Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing|IUU fishing]], and unlawful damage to the marine environment.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_769e765592dc4c3386f11e80a691c31b|access-date=2021-05-17|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> Issues particularly affecting the Lombok Strait include: [[piracy]], [[illegal fishing]], human trafficking, smuggling of goods, armed robberies and terrorism. The [[International Chamber of Commerce]] (ICC) reports that Indonesia had the highest incidents of piracy and armed robbery offshore.<ref name=":2" /> Maritime threats experienced by Indonesian waters is due to increasing economic development in the [[Asia-Pacific]] region, making Asia the most vulnerable place in the world in terms of security.<ref name=":2" /> As it is minimum 250 m (820 feet) deep—much deeper than the [[Strait of Malacca]]—ships that draw too much water to pass through the Malacca Strait (so-called "post [[Malaccamax]]" vessels) often use the Lombok Strait, instead. The Lombok Strait is proposed to become an alternative route for Chinese trading vessels passing the Malacca Strait.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wroe|first=David|date=2017-03-09|title=Chinese naval ships close to Australia? 'Get used to it', experts warn|url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/chinese-naval-ships-close-to-australia-get-used-to-it-experts-warn-20170309-guunxi.html|access-date=2021-05-17|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en}}</ref> Indonesian waters also host four of the world’s nine [[choke point]]s.<ref name=":2" /> These four choke points are used for national and international shipping routes. Indonesia as an archipelago, is responsible for maintaining security in the international shipping routes of the Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASL), as stated by the 1982 [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea]] (UNCLOS).<ref name=":2" />

Due to the maritime issues experienced along the Lombok Strait, there is a need for Indonesia to establish management strategies. The strategies Indonesia has put in place to deal with maritime issues involves a policy established by President [[Joko Widodo]], known as the Global Maritime Fulcrum. The policy is based on five pillars: redeveloping Indonesia’s maritime culture, building the maritime industry, prioritising fisheries, increasing shipping and port networks, improving maritime diplomacy and its defence forces.<ref name=":2" /> Improving defence forces at sea involves an emphasis in using the Indonesian navy to increase maritime security. Another strategy put in place by the Indonesian Government are designating areas called Marine Protective Areas (MPAs). As part of the internal policy in 2019, the Lombok Strait was announced to have been intended to be established as a [[Particularly Sensitive Sea Area]] (PSSA).<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last1=Octavian|first1=A.|last2=Trismadi|last3=Lestari|first3=P.|date=September 2020|title=The Importance of Establishing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas in Lombok Strait: Maritime Security Perspective|journal=IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science|language=en|volume=557|issue=1 |pages=012013|doi=10.1088/1755-1315/557/1/012013|issn=1755-1315|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020E&ES..557a2013O }}</ref> It has not been officially submitted to the [[International Maritime Organization|International Maritime Organisation]] (IMO).<ref name=":12" /> Alongside implementing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) as a maritime strategy for the Lombok Strait, is the [[Traffic separation scheme|Traffic Separation Scheme]] (TSS) by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), which is a traffic management route system.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?&context=PC&vid=61USYD_INST:sydney&docid=cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_236d86b359084ba1889ee2b5b16c26b1|access-date=2021-05-31|website=sydney.primo.exlibrisgroup.com|language=en}}</ref> The Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) supports Indonesia being recognised as an archipelagic state under the 1982 [[United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea|UNCLOS]], as it aligns with Article 53 (6), which states the country’s right to improve navigation safety within the area of the Islands Sea Channel.<ref name=":13" />

== Contribution to the economy ==
The Lombok Strait contributes to the economy of Indonesia and neighbouring [[Southeast Asia]]n countries as it serves as a trading route alongside the Strait of Malacca, and as the island of Lombok transforms into a hub of tourism. According to [[Rizal Ramli]], [[Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investments Affairs (Indonesia)|Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs]] and Natural Resources in Indonesia, the Lombok Strait is proposed to become an alternative shipping route in place of the Malacca Strait.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last1=Ship|last2=bunker.com|title=Lombok, Makassar Straits Could Replace Malacca Strait as Main Sea Trading Lane, Says Indonesian Government|url=https://shipandbunker.com/news/apac/711885-lombok-makassar-straits-could-replace-malacca-strait-as-main-sea-trading-lane-says-indonesian-government|access-date=2021-05-17|website=Ship & Bunker}}</ref> This is because the “Strait of Malacca has become narrow and shallower, and shipping traffic has become busy each year, which would increase the risk of vessel collisions.” <ref name=":3" /> With businesses supporting this shift, this would result in Indonesia becoming one of the world’s biggest bunkering ports alongside [[Singapore]].

As the Malacca Strait would no longer be able to cope with shipping traffic by the next 10–20 years, the [[Government of Indonesia|Indonesian Government]] encourages voyages to pass through the Lombok Strait instead.<ref name=":12" /> As a result of increased shipping activity, the issue of maritime threats and [[marine pollution]] are introduced. In response to these arising maritime issues, the Indonesian Government has proposed to establish Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSA) in its internal policy.<ref name=":12" /> Establishing the Lombok Strait as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) contributes to the growth of the tuna fishing industry. This is due to the location of the Lombok Strait, as it is situated within the [[Coral Triangle|triangle of coral reefs]] (CT) area. The rich marine biodiversity of the Coral Triangle (CT) area is an essential tuna breeding ground for the outsourcing of the world’s tuna fishing industry.<ref name=":12" /> The growth of the tuna fishing industry in turn, contributes to the economy as it provides food security and income for residents along the coastline of Coral Triangle (CT) areas, and because the tuna breeding sites are foundational sources for tuna fishing companies who are producing tuna for consumers around the world. Healthy marine resources such as tuna breeding grounds further contribute to the growth of the tourism industry, as a result of establishing the Lombok Strait as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA).<ref name=":12" />

==Gallery of nearby important channels==
<gallery>
File:Tamil Nadu topo deutsch mit Gebirgen.png|[[Gulf of Mannar]]
File:Andaman nicobar 76.jpg|Cocos Strait, [[Duncan Passage]] and other Indian channels
File:Andaman Islands.PNG|Cocos Strait is at the northern end of [[Andaman Islands]] in red square
File:Ten Degree Channel, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.png|[[Ten Degree Channel|Ten Degrees Channel]], closeup
File:Strait of malacca.jpg|[[Malacca Strait]]
File:Straits of Singapore locator map.PNG|[[Singapore Strait]]
File:Sunda Strait map-fr.svg|[[Sunda Strait]]
File:My-map.png|[[South China Sea]], [[Malacca Strait]], [[Gulf of Thailand]], [[Sulu Sea]], [[Celebes Sea]]  
</gallery>

==See also==
; Geostrategic context
* [[Andaman and Nicobar Command]]
* [[Andaman Sea]]
* [[Bay of Bengal]]
* [[Exclusive economic zone of Indonesia]]
* [[Exclusive economic zone of India]]
; Local context
* [[Alas Strait]], on the opposite side (east) of Lombok
* [[Sunda Strait]]
* [[Makassar Strait]]
* [[Wallace Line]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{List of Indonesian seas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Landforms of Lombok]]
[[Category:Landforms of West Nusa Tenggara]]
[[Category:Straits of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Straits of the Indian Ocean]]