Editing Logan County, Kansas

{{Short description|County in Kansas, United States}}
{{Distinguish|Logan, Kansas}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
| county             = Logan County
| state              = Kansas
| ex image           = Butterfield Trail Museum (Russell Springs, KS) from E 1.JPG
| ex image size      = 220px
| ex image cap       = [[Butterfield Overland Mail|Butterfield Trail Museum]], formerly the [[Old Logan County Courthouse (Russell Springs, Kansas)|Logan County Courthouse]], in [[Russell Springs, Kansas|Russell Springs]] (2014)
| type               = [[County (United States)|County]]
| founded            = February 24, 1887
| named for          = [[John A. Logan]]
| seat wl            = Oakley
| largest city wl    = Oakley
| area_total_sq_mi   = 1073
| area_land_sq_mi    = 1073
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.1
| area percentage    = 0.01%

| population_footnotes = <ref name="QF"/>
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_total   = 2762
| pop_est_footnotes  =
| pop_est_as_of      =
| population_est     =
| population_density_sq_mi = 2.6

| area codes         =
| district           = 1st
| time zone          = Central
| website            = {{URL|https://www.discoveroakley.com/|discoveroakley.com}}
| coordinates        = {{Coord|38|54|N|101|08|W|type:adm2nd_region:US-KS|display=title}}
}}
[[Image:Oakley Kansas.jpg|thumb|[[Agriculture]], as represented by this [[Feedlot|stockyard]] on the edge of [[Oakley, Kansas|Oakley]], is important in Logan County]]

'''Logan County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] located in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Kansas]].  Its [[county seat]] and largest city is [[Oakley, Kansas|Oakley]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref>  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the county population was 2,762.<ref name="QF">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts; Logan County, Kansas; Population, Census, 2020 & 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/logancountykansas/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818020027/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/logancountykansas/POP010220 |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>  The county was named for [[John A. Logan|John Logan]], a general during the American Civil War.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qi9cXyTWt9EC | title=Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2 | publisher=Standard Publishing Company | author=Blackmar, Frank Wilson | year=1912 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Qi9cXyTWt9EC/page/n170 180]}}</ref> One of the county's distinctive features is a mile-long stretch of [[Smoky Hill Chalk]] bluffs that tower {{convert|100|feet|m}} high over the [[Smoky Hill River]] and are dubbed "Little Jerusalem" for resemblance to the ancient walled city.<ref>{{cite web |title= Little Jerusalem Badlands State Park |website= Places We Protect www.nature.org |publisher= The Nature Conservancy |url= https://www.nature.org/en-us/get-involved/how-to-help/places-we-protect/little-jerusalem-badlands-state-park/ |quote= The chalk outcroppings have had many names. In the late 19th century, they were said to resemble the ruins of many castles, thus “Castle City.” Some say that it got the name “Little Jerusalem” or “New Jerusalem” because from a distance it looks like the ancient walled city of Jerusalem. By the time The Nature Conservancy acquired the property, most modern-day locals and geologists knew it by the name of Little Jerusalem. |access-date= October 16, 2019 }}</ref><!-- The is no relation at all to the geology of Badlands National Park. This is Cretaceous, the other is Paleogene! "and which is related to the same geology that forms [[Badlands National Park]]. -->  The formation is mostly on private land. In 2016, [[The Nature Conservancy]] purchased the property and the [[Little Jerusalem Badlands State Park]] opened to the public in October 2019.<ref>{{cite web | last=Desrochers | first=Daniel | title=One of Kansas' natural wonders soon to be open to public | website=The Kansas City Star | date=October 12, 2016 | url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/state/kansas/article107863027.html | access-date=August 3, 2023}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===
{{See also|History of Kansas}}
For many [[millennia]], the [[Great Plains]] of [[North America]] was inhabited by [[nomadic]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]]. From the 16th century to 18th century, the [[Kingdom of France]] claimed ownership of large parts of [[North America]]. In 1762, after the [[French and Indian War]], France secretly ceded [[New France]] to [[Spain]], per the [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]].

===19th century===
In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for [[History of Kansas|modern day Kansas]] was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile [[Louisiana Purchase]] for 2.83 [[Penny (United States coin)|cents]] per [[acre]].

In 1854, the [[Kansas Territory]] was organized, then in 1861 [[Kansas]] became the 34th [[U.S. state]]. In 1887, Logan County was established.

Logan County was first created in 1871 as St. John County. St. John was formed from the area to the east of range 38 in what was then part of [[Wallace County, Kansas|Wallace County]]. The [[Kansas Legislature|Kansas State Legislature]] changed the name from St. John to Logan in 1885.<ref name="Blackmar">{{cite book | last1 = Blackmar | first1 = Frank Wilson | title = Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2 | url = https://archive.org/details/kansascycloped02blac | location = Chicago  | publisher = Standard Publishing Company | pages = [https://archive.org/details/kansascycloped02blac/page/180 180]–181 | date = 1912}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|1073|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|1073|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi}} (0.01%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

===Major highways===
*[[File:K-25.svg|20px]] [[K-25 (Kansas highway)|Kansas Highway 25]]
*[[File:US 40.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 40 in Kansas|U.S. Highway 40]]
*[[File:US 83.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 83 in Kansas|U.S. Highway 83]]
*[[File:I-70.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 70 in Kansas|Interstate 70]]

===Adjacent counties===
* [[Thomas County, Kansas|Thomas County]] (north)
* [[Gove County, Kansas|Gove County]] (east)
* [[Scott County, Kansas|Scott County]] (southeast)
* [[Wichita County, Kansas|Wichita County]] (south)
* [[Wallace County, Kansas|Wallace County]] (west/Mountain Time border)
* [[Sherman County, Kansas|Sherman County]] (northwest/Mountain Time border)

==Demographics==
[[Image:USA Logan County, Kansas age pyramid.svg|thumb|175px|left|[[Population pyramid]] based on 2000 census age data]]
{{US Census population
|1890= 3384
|1900= 1962
|1910= 4240
|1920= 3223
|1930= 4145
|1940= 3688
|1950= 4206
|1960= 4036
|1970= 3814
|1980= 3478
|1990= 3081
|2000= 3046
|2010= 2756
|2020= 2762
|estyear=2023
|estimate=2665
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 3, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ks190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2020<ref name="QF"/>
}}

At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]],<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 3,046 people, 1,243 households and 856 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|3|/mi2|/km2|}}. There were 1,423 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1|/mi2|/km2|}}. The racial makeup of the county was 96.72% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.59% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.16% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.20% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.72% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.61% from two or more races. 1.64% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 1,243 households, of which 29.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.30% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 6.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.10% were non-families. 28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.98.

Age distribution was 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 24.40% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 20.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 93.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.00 males.

The [[median household income]] was $32,131 and the median family income was $40,104. Males had a median income of $28,105 and females $19,609. The [[per capita income]] was $17,294. About 4.70% of families and 7.30% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 7.80% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
===Presidential elections===
{{Hidden
|headercss  = background: #ccccff; font-size: 100%; width: 100%;
|contentcss = text-align: left; font-size: 100%; width: 100%;
|header     = Presidential election results
|content    =
{{PresHead|place=Logan County, Kansas|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title = Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|1,186|183|31|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|1,249|186|23|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|1,132|149|80|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|1,126|197|27|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|1,187|225|28|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|1,255|248|20|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|1,088|231|78|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|1,155|296|121|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|905|355|449|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|988|503|44|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|1,235|331|37|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|1,261|358|111|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|957|694|46|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|1,164|428|71|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|1,120|411|225|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1964|Republican|967|957|17|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|1,243|651|12|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|1,328|493|8|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|1,544|369|18|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1948|Republican|1,105|579|50|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|1,107|406|5|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1940|Republican|1,201|584|12|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1936|Republican|955|908|4|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|867|1,025|67|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|1,066|405|17|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|942|286|247|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|781|312|47|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|592|709|107|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1912|Progressive|166|259|396|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|524|308|51|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|408|117|43|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|319|176|32|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|274|175|5|Kansas}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|457|0|329|Kansas}}
{{PresFoot|1888|Republican|609|283|33|Kansas}}
}}<!-- End of Hidden template -->

Like all the High Plains, Logan County is overwhelmingly Republican. Only two Democrats have ever carried the county in a Presidential election: [[Woodrow Wilson]] in 1916 and [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in 1932. Since at least 1888 only three other Democrats have passed forty percent of the county's vote: Roosevelt in 1936, [[Lyndon Johnson]] in 1964 and [[Jimmy Carter]] in 1976. In fact, apart from [[Michael Dukakis]] in 1988 during an election held during the grip of [[1988–89 North American drought|a major Plains drought]], no Democrat since 1980 has passed 21 percent of the county's vote.

===Laws===
Following amendment to the [[Kansas Constitution]] in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or [[dry county|"dry"]], county until 2006, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink without a food sales requirement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm |title=Map of Wet and Dry Counties |publisher=Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue |date=November 2006 |access-date=December 28, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008013617/http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcwetdrymap.htm |archive-date=October 8, 2007 }}</ref>

==Education==
===Unified school districts===
* [https://www.oakleyschoolsks.com/ Oakley USD 274]
* [http://triplains.weebly.com/ Triplains USD 275]

==Communities==
[[Image:Map of Logan Co, Ks, USA.png|thumb|300px|2005 map of Logan County<ref name="County-Map-Current"/> ([[:File:Kansas official transportation map legend.png|map legend]])]]
List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Logan County.<ref name="County-Map-Current">{{cite web |title=General Highway Map of Logan County, Kansas |url=https://www.ksdot.gov/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/logan.PDF |publisher=[[Kansas Department of Transportation]] (KDOT) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324021432/https://www.ksdot.gov/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/logan.PDF |archive-date=March 24, 2024 |date=June 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><br/>
‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county.  † means a community is designated a [[Census-designated place|Census-Designated Place]] (CDP) by the [[United States Census Bureau]].

===Cities===
{{div col}}
* [[Oakley, Kansas|Oakley]]‡ (county seat)
* [[Russell Springs, Kansas|Russell Springs]]
* [[Winona, Kansas|Winona]]
{{div col end}}

===Unincorporated communities===
{{div col}}
* [[Monument, Kansas|Monument]]†
* [[Page City, Kansas|Page City]]
{{div col end}}

===Ghost towns===
{{div col}}
* [[McAllaster, Kansas|McAllaster]]
* [[Sheridan, Logan County, Kansas|Sheridan]]
{{div col end}}

===Townships===
Logan County is divided into 11 [[Civil township|townships]]. None of the cities within the county is considered "governmentally independent" and all figures for the townships include those of the cities.

In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.
{| class="toccolours" border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=4 style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"
|+align="bottom"|Sources: [https://web.archive.org/web/20020802223743/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/places2k.html 2000 U.S. Gazetteer] from the [[U.S. Census Bureau]].
|- style="background:#ccccff"
! Township !! [[FIPS place code|FIPS]] !! Population<br />center
! Population !! Population<br />density<br /><small>/km<sup>2</sup> (/sq&nbsp;mi)</small>
! Land area<br /><small>km<sup>2</sup> (sq&nbsp;mi)</small> !! Water area<br /><small>km<sup>2</sup> (sq&nbsp;mi)</small> !! Water %
! Geographic coordinates
|-
| [[Augustine Township, Logan County, Kansas|Augustine]] || 03350 || || 26 || 0 (0) || 187 (72) || 0 (0) || 0% || {{coord|38|44|14|N|101|21|15|W|}}
|-
| [[Elkader Township, Logan County, Kansas|Elkader]] || 20225 || || 15 || 0 (0) || 278 (107) || 0 (0) || 0.01% || {{coord|38|53|33|N|100|52|1|W|}}
|-
| [[Lees Township, Logan County, Kansas|Lees]] || 39200 || || 17 || 0 (0) || 185 (72) || 0 (0) || 0% || {{coord|38|44|26|N|100|59|5|W|}}
|-
| [[Logansport Township, Logan County, Kansas|Logansport]] || 42325 || || 14 || 0 (0) || 278 (107) || 0 (0) || 0.01% || {{coord|38|51|29|N|101|4|9|W|}}
|-
| [[McAllaster Township, Logan County, Kansas|McAllaster]] || 43600 || || 29 || 0 (0) || 276 (106) || 0 (0) || 0.01% || {{coord|39|2|58|N|101|22|4|W|}}
|-
| [[Monument Township, Logan County, Kansas|Monument]] || 48050 || || 144 || 1 (1) || 276 (107) || 0 (0) || 0% || {{coord|39|4|17|N|101|2|42|W|}}
|-
| [[Oakley Township, Logan County, Kansas|Oakley]] || 51850 || [[Oakley, Kansas|Oakley]] || 2,343 || 8 (22) || 278 (107) || 0 (0) || 0.01% || {{coord|39|6|43|N|100|51|32|W|}}
|-
| [[Paxton Township, Logan County, Kansas|Paxton]] || 55025 || || 24 || 0 (0) || 186 (72) || 0 (0) || 0% || {{coord|38|44|38|N|101|7|57|W|}}
|-
| [[Russell Springs Township, Logan County, Kansas|Russell Springs]] || 61900 || || 71 || 0 (1) || 279 (108) || 0 (0) || 0.03% || {{coord|38|53|16|N|101|12|15|W|}}
|-
| [[Western Township, Logan County, Kansas|Western]] || 76900 || || 44 || 0 (0) || 279 (108) || 0 (0) || 0.04% || {{coord|38|54|3|N|101|24|37|W|}}
|-
| [[Winona Township, Logan County, Kansas|Winona]] || 80100 || [[Winona, Kansas|Winona]] || 319 || 1 (3) || 277 (107) || 0 (0) || 0% || {{coord|39|3|53|N|101|12|54|W|}}
|}

==See also==
{{Portal|Kansas}}
* [[Dry counties]]
{{See also Kansas counties}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
;Notes
{{Notelist}}

==Further reading==
{{Kansas books}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Logan County, Kansas}}
;County
* {{Official website|https://www.discoveroakley.com/|Logan County - Official}}
* [https://www.lkm.org/members/?id=41260455 Logan County - Directory of Public Officials]
;Maps
* Logan County Maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/Assets/wwwksdotorg/bureaus/burTransPlan/maps/county-pdf/logan.PDF Current], [https://www.ksdot.org/bureaus/burtransplan/maps/PastPublishedCounty.asp Historic], KDOT
* Kansas Highway Maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/MapsState.asp Current], [https://www.ksdot.org/burtransplan/maps/HistoricStateMaps.asp Historic], KDOT
* Kansas Railroad Maps: [https://www.ksdot.org/BurTransPlan/maps/RRStateMap.asp Current], [https://www.kansasmemory.org/item/227379 1996], [https://www.kansasmemory.org/item/227380 1915], KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

{{Geographic location
|Center    = Logan County, Kansas
|North     = [[Thomas County, Kansas|Thomas County]]
|Northeast = [[Thomas County, Kansas|Thomas County]]
|East      = [[Gove County, Kansas|Gove County]]
|Southeast = [[Scott County, Kansas|Scott County]]
|South     = 
|Southwest = [[Wichita County, Kansas|Wichita County]]
|West      = [[Wallace County, Kansas|Wallace County]]
|Northwest = [[Sherman County, Kansas|Sherman County]]
}}
{{Logan County, Kansas}}
{{Kansas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Logan County, Kansas| ]]
[[Category:Kansas counties]]
[[Category:1887 establishments in Kansas]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1887]]