Editing Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star

{{Short description|First jet aircraft in U.S. operational service}}
{{Redirect|P-80}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
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{{Infobox aircraft
| name = P-80 / F-80 Shooting Star
| image = File:P80-1 300 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = P-80A with "tip tanks"
| aircraft_type = [[Jet fighter]]
| national_origin = United States
| manufacturers = [[Lockheed Corporation]]
| manufacturer = [[Lockheed Corporation]]
| designer = [[Clarence Johnson|Clarence "Kelly" Johnson]]
| first_flight = 8 January 1944
| introduction = 1945
| retired = 1959 (United States) <br/> 1974 (Chile)
| status = 
| primary_user = [[United States Air Force]]
| more_users = [[United States Navy]]
| produced = 1945–1950
| number_built = 1,715
| variants = 
| developed_into = [[Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star]] <br> [[Lockheed F-94 Starfire]]
}}

The '''Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star''' is the first [[Jet aircraft|jet]] [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] used operationally by the [[United States Army Air Forces]] (USAAF) during [[World War II]].<ref>Green and Swanborough 2001, p. 345.</ref> Designed and built by [[Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] in 1943 and delivered just 143 days from the start of design, two pre-production models saw limited service in Italy just before the end of [[World War II]]. Designed with straight wings, the type saw extensive combat in Korea with the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF) as the '''F-80'''.

America's first successful [[turbojet]]-powered combat aircraft, it was soon outclassed with the appearance of the swept-wing [[transonic]] [[MiG-15]] and was quickly replaced in the [[air superiority]] role by the [[transonic]] [[F-86 Sabre]]. The [[F-94 Starfire]], an all-weather interceptor using the same airframe, also saw Korean War service. The closely related [[Lockheed T-33|T-33 Shooting Star]] [[Trainer (aircraft)|trainer]] remained in service with the U.S. Air Force and Navy well into the 1980s, with the last NT-33 variant not retired until April 1997.

==Design and development==
[[File:Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star cross section profile line drawing.png|thumb|A cross section of the aircraft with labeled parts]]
The XP-80 had a conventional all-metal airframe, with a slim [[low wing]] and [[tricycle landing gear]]. Like most early jets designed during World War II—and before the Allies captured German research data that confirmed the speed advantages of [[swept-wing]]s—the XP-80 had straight wings, similar to previous propeller-driven fighters. It was the first operational jet fighter to have its engine buried in the fuselage, a format previously used in the pioneering German [[Heinkel He 178]] V1 of 1939, and the later British [[Gloster E.28/39]] demonstrator of 1941. Other early jets generally had two engines because of their limited power, these being mounted in external [[nacelle]]s for easier maintenance. With the advent of more powerful British jet engines, a single fuselage-mounted engine was more effective, and this configuration was used by nearly all subsequent fighter aircraft.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

Lockheed was the first American aircraft company to start work on a jet-powered aircraft, beginning work on the [[Lockheed L-133|L-133]] in 1939. The L-133 eventually developed into an extremely advanced design, including futuristic features such as [[Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] forewings and a [[blended wing body]], but when Lockheed presented the design to the Army Air Force, it was rejected as being technologically unfeasible.<ref>{{cite book|last=Norton|first=Bill|title=U.S. Experimental & Prototype Aircraft Projects: Fighters 1939-1945|year=2008|publisher=Specialty Press|location=North Branch, Minnesota|isbn=978-1-58007-109-3}}</ref> Instead the USAAF concentrated development around the much less radical [[Bell P-59 Airacomet]], which first flew in October 1942. It quickly became obvious, however, that the P-59's performance was only marginally superior to current piston engined fighters.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works|author=Jay Miller|url=http://imagery.vnfawing.com/PDF-Archive/Lockheed-Skunk-Works.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001185842/http://imagery.vnfawing.com/PDF-Archive/Lockheed-Skunk-Works.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2018|page=13}}</ref> Bell performed preliminary work revising the P-59 with a low wing and a single fuselage-mounted engine, to be designated '''XP-59B''', but by this time the Bell factory was swamped with other work so the USAAF transferred the project to Lockheed.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Bell That Didn't Ring|url=https://www.airspacemag.com/military-aviation/a-bell-that-didnt-ring-7948421/}}</ref>

The impetus for development of the P-80 was the discovery by Allied intelligence of the [[Messerschmitt Me 262|Me 262]] in spring 1943, which had made only test flights of its own first quartet (the V1 through V4 airframes) of design prototypes at that time, all fitted with retracting tailwheel landing gear. After receiving documents and blueprints comprising years of British jet aircraft research, the commanding General of the Army Air Force, [[Henry H. Arnold]], believed an [[airframe]] developed to accept the British-made [[de Havilland Goblin|Halford H-1 B "Goblin"]] jet engine could provide the superior performance to match the new German jets, and the Materiel Command's [[Wright Field]] research and development division tasked Lockheed to design the aircraft based on their experience with the L-133. Concept work began on the '''XP-80''' in May 1943. Since the British turbojet was not yet delivered, Lockheed obtained its [[blueprint]] dimensions from Bell as ordered by the USAAF.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works|author=Jay Miller|url=http://imagery.vnfawing.com/PDF-Archive/Lockheed-Skunk-Works.pdf|page=15}}</ref> Lockheed's team, consisting of 28 [[Aerospace engineering|engineers]], was led by [[Clarence L. "Kelly" Johnson]] in the same manner as the [[P-38 Lightning]], in the same remote building with high security and greater autonomy, a continuation of Lockheed's [[Skunk Works]] style of research and development.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

[[File:Lulu-Belle af.jpg|thumb|The original XP-80 prototype ''Lulu-Belle'']]
With the Germans and British clearly far ahead in development, Lockheed was pressed to develop a comparable jet as quickly as possible. Kelly Johnson submitted a design proposal in mid-June and promised that the prototype would be ready for testing in 150 days.{{r|life1945081343}} The Skunk Works team, beginning 26 June 1943, produced the airframe in 143 days,{{r|life1945081343}} delivering it to [[Muroc Army Airfield]] on 16 November.{{citation needed|date=April 2023}}

The project was so secret that only five of the more than 130 people working on it knew that they were developing a jet aircraft, and the British engineer who delivered the Halford H1 engine was detained by the police because Lockheed officials could not vouch for him.<ref name="life1945081343">Felton, James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1UkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA43 "Shooting Star."] ''Life,'' 13 August 1945, pp. 43–46. Retrieved: 25 November 2011.</ref> After the engine had been mated to the airframe, [[foreign object damage]] during the first run-up destroyed the engine. The British engineer who had delivered the engine had warned Lockheed that the skin of the inlet ducts was too thin but the American engineers ignored this warning and both ducts collapsed and were sucked into the engine when at full throttle.<ref name="Gunston 1976, p. 131">Gunston 1976, p. 131.</ref> This delayed the first flight until a second engine (the only other existing)<ref>Gunston 1989, p. 59.</ref> could be delivered from Britain, de Havilland generously donating the engine intended for the prototype [[de Havilland Vampire|Vampire]].<ref>Heppenheimer, T.A. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090326021941/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1993/2/1993_2_44.shtml "The Jet Plane is Born."] ''American Heritage magazine,'' Fall 1993. Volume 9, Issue 2. Retrieved: 1 August 2011.</ref><ref name="Gunston 1976, p. 131"/>

The first prototype (44-83020) was nicknamed ''Lulu-Belle'' (also known as "the Green Hornet" because of its paint scheme). Powered by the replacement Halford H1 taken from the prototype de Havilland Vampire jet fighter,<ref group=N>The Vampire's first flight was delayed until 20 September 1943 as a result</ref> it first flew on 8 January 1944, with Lockheed [[test pilot]] [[Milo Burcham]] at the controls. Following this flight, Johnson said, "It was a magnificent demonstration, our plane was a success – such a complete success that it had overcome the temporary advantage the Germans had gained from years of preliminary development on jet planes." The donated British jet engine and program data had no doubt proved invaluable. In test flights, the XP-80 eventually reached a top speed of {{convert|502|mph|km/h kn|abbr=on}} at {{convert |20,480|ft|m| abbr=on}}, making it the first turbojet-powered USAAF aircraft to exceed 500&nbsp;mph in level flight, following the August 1944 record flight of {{convert|504|mph|km/h kn|abbr=on}} by a [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt variants#XP-47J|special high-speed variant]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p47_9.html|title=Republic XP-47J Thunderbolt|author=Joe Baugher|date=5 July 1999|website=USAF Fighters|access-date=10 October 2022}}</ref> of the [[Republic P-47 Thunderbolt]]. Contemporary pilots, when transitioning to pioneering jets like the Shooting Star, were unused to flying at high speed without a loud reciprocating engine and had to learn to rely on the [[airspeed indicator]].{{r|life1945081343}}

[[File:XP-80A Gray Ghost af.jpg|thumb|XP-80A ''Gray Ghost'' in flight]]

The second prototype, designated '''XP-80A''', was designed for the larger [[General Electric]] [[Allison J33|I-40]] engine (an improved J31, later produced by Allison as the J33). Two aircraft (44-83021 and 44-83022) were built. 44-83021 was nicknamed the ''Gray Ghost'' after its "pearl gray" paint scheme, while 83022, left unpainted for comparison of flight characteristics, became known as the ''Silver Ghost''. The XP-80A's first test flight was unimpressive, but most of the problems with the design were soon addressed and corrected in the test program. Initial opinions of the XP-80A were not positive, with Lockheed Chief Engineering Test Pilot [[Milo Burcham]] commenting that an aircraft he very much enjoyed (powered by the Halford engine) had now become a "dog." The XP-80As were primarily testbeds for larger, more powerful engines and air intake design, and consequently were larger and 25% heavier than the XP-80.

The P-80 testing program proved very dangerous. Burcham was killed on 20 October 1944 while flying the third YP-80A, 44–83025. The ''Gray Ghost'' was lost on a test flight on 20 March 1945, although pilot [[Tony LeVier]] escaped. Newly promoted to chief engineering test pilot to replace Burcham, LeVier bailed out when one of the engine's turbine blades broke, causing structural failure in the aircraft's tail. LeVier landed hard and broke his back, but returned to the test program after six months of recovery.

The top-scoring World War II USAAF [[Flying ace|ace]] Major [[Richard Bong]] was also killed on an acceptance flight of a production P-80 in the United States on 6 August 1945. Both Burcham and Bong crashed as a result of main fuel pump failure. Burcham's death was the result of a failure to brief him on a newly installed emergency fuel pump backup system, but the investigation of Bong's crash found that he had apparently forgotten to switch on this pump, which could have prevented the accident. He bailed out when the aircraft rolled inverted but was too close to the ground for his parachute to deploy.

After Bong's death, both the USAAF and Lockheed wanted to prove the reliability of the airplane. [[Robert E. Thacker]] from the Flight Test Division at Wright Field was ordered to select three other pilots, pick up 5 P-80s from Lockheed and fly them to [[Edwards Air Force Base|Muroc Army Airbase]], and fly each airplane there for 500 hours. Thacker tapped [[Chuck Yeager]], plus two other pilots and they put 500 hours on each airplane without further incident.<ref>Col. Robert E. Thacker Interview Part 2 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YW0w6lfYIlQ&t=2631 "Col. Robert E. Thacker Interview Part 2"]</ref>

After the war, the USAAF compared the P-80 and [[Messerschmitt Me 262|Me 262]] concluding, "Despite a difference in gross weight of nearly {{convert|2000|lb|kg|-2|abbr=on}}, the Me 262 was superior to the P-80 in acceleration, speed and approximately the same in climb performance. The Me 262 apparently has a higher [[critical Mach number]] (the Me 262A's [[Messerschmitt Me 262#High-speed research|being at M 0.86]]), from a drag standpoint, than any current Army Air Force fighter."<ref>Ethell and Price 1994, p. 180.</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Production P-80s af.jpg|thumb|Operational P-80Bs at [[Langley Air Force Base|Langley AFB]]]]

The Shooting Star began to enter service in late 1944 with 12 pre-production '''YP-80A'''s, one of which was destroyed in the accident in which Burcham was killed. A 13th YP-80A was modified to the sole F-14 photo reconnaissance model and lost in a December crash.

Four were sent to Europe for operational testing (demonstration, familiarization, and possible interception roles), two to England and two to the [[1st Fighter Group]] at [[Lesina Airfield]], Italy, but when test pilot Major Frederic Borsodi was killed in a crash caused by an engine fire while demonstrating a YP-80A (44-83026) at [[RAF Burtonwood]], Lancashire, England,  on 28 January 1945, the YP-80A was temporarily grounded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.456fis.org/F-80_SHOOTING_STAR.htm|title=Lockheed F-80 "Shooting Star"|website=www.456fis.org|date=4 October 2011|access-date=1 August 2011|archive-date=4 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004045413/http://www.456fis.org/F-80_SHOOTING_STAR.htm|url-status=usurped}}</ref>

Before World War II ended, however, two American pre-production Lockheed YP-80A Shooting Star fighter jets saw limited service in Italy with the USAAF on reconnaissance, in February and March 1945.<ref>Dorr, Robert F.[http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/project-extraversion-p-80-shooting-stars-in-world-war-ii/ "Project Extraversion: P-80 Shooting Stars in World War II."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009000921/http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/project-extraversion-p-80-shooting-stars-in-world-war-ii/|date=9 October 2013}} ''Defense Media Network.'' Retrieved: 5 August 2013.</ref> Because of delays in delivery of production aircraft, the Shooting Star saw no actual combat during the conflict.<ref>Bilstein 2001, p. 179.</ref>

The initial production order was for 344 P-80As after USAAF acceptance in February 1945. A total of 83 P-80s had been delivered by the end of July 1945 and 45 assigned to the [[412th Test Wing|412th Fighter Group]] (later redesignated the [[1st Operations Group|1st Fighter Group]]) at [[Edwards Air Force Base|Muroc Army Air Field]]. Production continued after the war, although wartime plans for 5,000 were quickly reduced to 2,000 at a little under $100,000 each. A total of 1,714 single-seat '''F-80A''', '''F-80B''', '''F-80C''', and '''RF-80'''s were manufactured by the end of production in 1950, of which 927 were F-80Cs (including 129 operational F-80As upgraded to F-80C-11-LO standards). However, the two-seat TF-80C, first flown on 22 March 1948, became the basis for the T-33 trainer, of which 6,557 were produced.

On 27 January 1946, Colonel William H. Councill flew a P-80 nonstop across the U.S. to make the first transcontinental jet flight.<ref>Long Beach Press Telegram 27 January 1946</ref> He completed the {{convert|2457|mi|km}} run between Long Beach and New York in 4:13:26 hrs at an average speed of {{convert|584|mph|kn km/h|abbr=on}}, aided by the upper-level westerly winds, to set a [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] record. The P-80B prototype, modified as a racer and designated '''P-80R''',<ref name="P-80 Shooting Star/44-85200.">{{Cite web |title=Factsheets : Lockheed P-80R |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=618 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20150112130336/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil:80/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=618 |archive-date=2015-01-12 |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=www.nationalmuseum.af.mil |language=en}}</ref> was piloted by Colonel [[Albert Boyd]] to a world [[Flight airspeed record|air speed record]] of 623.73&nbsp;mph (1,004.2&nbsp;km/h) on 19 June 1947.<ref>Francillon 1982, pp. 241–242</ref>

The P-80C began production in 1948; on 11 June the newly formed United States Air Force redesignated the type as '''F-80C'''. The USAF [[Strategic Air Command]] had F-80 Shooting Stars in service from 1946 through 1948 with the 1st and 56th Fighter Groups. The first P-80s to serve in Europe joined the 55th Fighter Group (later redesignated the 31st FG) at [[Giebelstadt Airport|Giebelstadt]], Germany, in 1946, remaining 18 months. When the [[Soviet Union]] [[Berlin Blockade|blockaded Berlin]], a squadron of the 56th FG led by Colonel [[David C. Schilling]] made the first west-to-east Atlantic crossing by single-engined jets in July, flying to Germany for 45 days in Operation Fox Able I.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}{{#tag:ref|[[Royal Air Force]] jets had made the first crossing of the Atlantic in the reverse direction two weeks earlier.|group=N}} Replaced by the newly Shooting Star-equipped 36th Fighter Group at [[Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base#36th Fighter-Bomber Wing|Fürstenfeldbruck]], the 56th FG conducted Fox Able II in May 1949. That same year F-80s first equipped the 51st Fighter Group, based in Japan.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}}

The 4th ([[Langley Air Force Base]], Virginia), 81st ([[Kirtland Air Force Base]], New Mexico), and 57th ([[Elmendorf Air Force Base]], Alaska) Fighter Groups all acquired F-80s in 1948, as did interceptor squadrons of the [[Aerospace Defense Command|Air Defense Command]].{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The first [[Air National Guard]] unit to fly the F-80C was the 196th FS of the California ANG in June 1947.<ref>Francillon 1982, p. 249</ref>

===U.S. Navy service===
[[File:VMF-311 TO-1 in 1948.jpg|thumb|TO-1 Shooting Star of VMF-311]]

Several P-80A Shooting Stars{{#tag:ref|Aviation historian Norman Polmar states three, but Joseph Baugher lists serial and bureau numbers for four: 44-85000 and −85005 became 29667 and 29668 with 44-85235 and 45-8557 becoming 29689 and 29690.|group=N}} were transferred to the United States Navy beginning 29 June 1945, retaining their P-80 designations. At [[Naval Air Station Patuxent River]], one Navy P-80 was modified with required add-ons, such as an [[arrestor hook]], and loaded aboard the aircraft carrier {{USS|Franklin D. Roosevelt|CV-42|6}} at [[Norfolk, Virginia]], on 31 October 1946. The following day the aircraft made four deck-run takeoffs and two catapult launches, with five arrested landings, flown by [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]] Major [[Marion Eugene Carl|Marion Carl]]. A second series of trials was held on 11 November.<ref name="Polmar pp. 12–14">Polmar 2001, pp. 12–14.</ref>

The U.S. Navy had already begun procuring its own jet aircraft, but the slow pace of delivery was causing retention problems among pilots, particularly those of the Marines who were still flying [[Vought F4U Corsair]]s. To increase land-based jet-transition training in the late 1940s, 50 F-80Cs were transferred to the U.S. Navy from the U.S. Air Force in 1949 as jet trainers. Designated TO-1 by the Navy (changed to TV-1 in 1950), 25 were based at [[Naval Air Station North Island]], California, with [[VF-52]], and 16 assigned to the Marine Corps, equipping [[VMF-311]] at [[Marine Corps Air Station El Toro]]. These aircraft were eventually sent to reserve units. The success of these aircraft led to the procurement by the Navy of 698 T-33 Shooting Stars (as the TO-2/TV-2) to provide a two-seat aircraft for the training role. Lockheed went on to develop a carrier-capable version, the [[T2V SeaStar]], which went into service in 1957.<ref name="Polmar pp. 12–14"/>

===Korean War===
[[File:F-80s-36fbs-korea-1950.jpg|thumb|F-80Cs of the 8th Fighter-Bomber Group in Korea, 1950]]
Shooting Stars first saw combat service in the [[Korean War]], and were among the first aircraft to be involved in jet-versus-jet combat.

The Americans used the F-80C variant and RF-80 photo-recon variants in Korea. The F-80 flew both air-to-air and air-to-ground sorties, claiming several aerial victories against North Korean [[Yak-9]]s and [[Ilyushin Il-10|Il-10]]s.

On 1 November 1950, a Russian MiG-15 pilot, Lieutenant Semyon F. Khominich, became the first pilot in history to be credited with a jet-versus-jet aerial kill after he claimed to have shot down an F-80. According to the Americans, the F-80 was downed by flak. One week later, on 8 November, the first American claim for a jet-versus-jet aerial kill was made when Lieutenant Russell J. Brown, flying an F-80, reported that he downed a MiG-15.<ref name=Knez>Knez, Saso, Diego Fernando Zampini and Joe L. Brenan. {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20130604071241/http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_315.shtml "Korean War Database."]}}  ''AirCombat Information Group, (ACIG),'' 28 October 2003. Retrieved: 6 July 2008.</ref> Soviet records claim that no MiGs were lost that day and that their pilot, Senior Lieutenant Kharitonov, survived by pulling out of a dive at low altitude.<ref name=Knez/>
[[File:F-80d-48-708-80fbs-8fg.jpg|thumb|F-80C Shooting Star of the 8th Fighter Bomber Group in Korea]]
Despite initial claims of success, the speed of the straight-wing F-80s was inferior to the 668&nbsp;mph (1075&nbsp;km/h) MiGs. The MiGs incorporated German research showing that swept wings delayed the onset of compressibility problems, and enabled speeds closer to the speed of sound. F-80s were soon replaced in the air superiority role by the [[North American F-86 Sabre]], which had been delayed to also incorporate swept wings into an improved straight-winged naval [[North American FJ-1 Fury|FJ-1 Fury]]. However, F-80 pilots still destroyed a total of six MiG-15s in aerial combat. When sufficient Sabres were in operation, the Shooting Star flew exclusively ground-attack missions, and were also used for advanced flight training duties and air defense in Japan. By the end of hostilities, the only F-80s still flying in Korea were photo-reconnaissance variants.

F-80Cs equipped 10 USAF squadrons in Korea:
* '''[[8th Fighter Wing|8th Fighter-Bomber Wing]]''' (35th, 36th, and 80th Fighter-Bomber Squadrons), based at [[Suwon Air Base]], was the longest-serving F-80 unit in Korea. It began missions from Japan in June 1950 and continued to fly the Shooting Star until May 1953, when it converted to [[North American F-86 Sabre|F-86 Sabre]]s.
* '''49th Fighter-Bomber Group''' (7th, 8th, and 9th FBS) deployed to [[Daegu International Airport|Taegu AB (K-2)]], Korea, from Japan in September 1950 and continued fighter-bomber missions in the F-80C until June 1951, when it converted to the [[Republic F-84 Thunderjet|F-84 Thunderjet]].
* '''51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing''' (16th and 25th FIS) operated F-80Cs from [[Gimpo International Airport|Kimpo AB (K-14)]] and Japan from September 1950 to November 1951 when it transitioned to F-86s.
* '''35th Fighter-Interceptor Group''' and two squadrons, the 39th and 40th FIS, went to [[Pohang]], Korea in July 1950, but converted to the [[North American P-51 Mustang|P-51 Mustang]] before the end of the year.

One RF-80A unit operated in the Korean War:
* ''8th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron'', later redesignated 15th TRS, served from 27 June 1950 at Itazuke, Japan, Taegu (K-2), and Kimpo (K-14), South Korea, until after the armistice. The squadron also utilized a few converted RF-80Cs and RF-86s.

During the Korean war, 368 F-80s were lost, including 277 in combat missions and 91 non-combat losses<ref name="alternatewars.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.alternatewars.com/BBOW/Stats/USAF_Losses_Korea.htm|title=USAF Losses in Korea}}</ref> Of the 277 F-80s lost in operations (approximately 30% of the existing inventory), 113 were lost to ground fire, 14 to enemy aircraft, 54 to "unknown causes" and 96 were "other losses".<ref name="alternatewars.com"/> F-80s are credited by the USAF with destroying 17 aircraft in air-to-air combat and 24 on the ground.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://afhra.maxwell.af.mil/numbered_studies/467670.pdf "USAF Credits for the Destruction of Enemy Aircraft, Korean War."] ''Air Force Historical Study 81,'' p. 46. Retrieved: 1 August 2011.</ref> Major [[Charles J. Loring Jr.]] was posthumously awarded the [[Medal of Honor]] for his actions while flying an F-80 with the 80th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, 8th Fighter-Bomber Wing on 22 November 1952.

==Variants==

===P-80/F-80===
'''1714''' production aircraft were delivered to the Air Force prior to any conversions or redesignations, with their original block numbers.

[[File:EF-80.jpg|thumb|EF-80 prone pilot test aircraft]]

;XP-80
:Prototype powered by a [[de Havilland Goblin|de Havilland-built Halford H.1B]] turbojet and first flown 8 January 1944, one built.
;XP-80A
:Production prototype variant powered by a [[Allison J33|General Electric I-40]] turbojet, increased span and length but wing area reduced, two built.
;YP-80A: 12 pre-production aircraft. One aircraft, ''44-83027'', lent to [[Rolls-Royce Limited]] and used for development of the [[Rolls-Royce Nene|Nene]] engine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1947/1947%20-%200268.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=15 April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427085202/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1947/1947%20-%200268.html |archive-date=27 April 2016}}</ref>
;XF-14: One built from YP-80A order (44-83024), lost in midair collision with [[North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25 Mitchell]] [[chase plane]] on 6 December 1944; USAAF photo [[reconnaissance]] prototype.
;P-80A: '''344''' block 1-LO aircraft; '''180''' block 5-LO aircraft. Block 5 and all subsequent Shooting Stars were natural metal finish. Fitted with {{convert|225|USgal|impgal l|abbr=on}} tiptanks.<ref name="Fitzimmons p.2319">Fitzsimons 1978, p. 2319.</ref>
;F-80A: USAF designation of P-80A.
;EF-80: Modified to test "Prone Pilot" cockpit positions.{{#tag:ref|See also [[Gloster Meteor F8 "Prone Pilot"]] for background on prone pilot experiments.|group=N}}
[[File:Lockheed FP-80 Shooting Star.jpg|thumb|F-14A/FP-80A reconnaissance aircraft]]
;F-14A: Unknown number of photo-reconnaissance conversions from P-80A, all redesignated FP-80A.
;XFP-80A: Modified P-80A 44–85201 with hinged nose for camera equipment.
[[File:F-80 Schraege Muzik.jpg|thumb|F-80A test aircraft (s/n 44-85044) with twin 0.5&nbsp;in (12.7&nbsp;mm) machine guns in oblique mount, similar to World War II German ''[[Schräge Musik]]'', to study the ability to attack Soviet bombers from below]]
[[File:F-80 Schräge Musik 2.jpg|thumb|F-80 with ''Schräge Musik'' configuration at full elevation]]
;FP-80A: '''152''' block 15-LO; operational photo reconnaissance aircraft.
;RF-80A: USAF designation of FP-80A, 66 operational F-80A's modified to RF-80A standard.
;ERF-80A: Modified P-80A 44–85042 with experimental nose contour.
;XP-80B: Reconfigured P-80A, improved J-33 engine, one built as prototype for P-80B
;P-80B: '''209''' block 1-LO; '''31''' block 5-LO; first model fitted with an [[ejection seat]] (retrofitted into -As); delivered between March 1947 and March 1948.<ref>Jones 1975, p. 202.</ref> The P-80B also featured underwing rocket launchers. Thinner wings with thicker skin, a stronger nose bulkhead to support 6 x M3 .50 in machine guns, stainless steel armored compartment for the newer J33-21, cockpit cooling, and canopy anti-frosting systems. 240 produced.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Knaack |first=Marcelle Size |date=4 August 1978 |title=Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft, Volume 1; Post World War II Fighters (1945-1973) |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA057002.pdf |access-date=10 September 2024 |website=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] (DTIC.mil) |page=7 }}</ref>
;F-80B: USAF designation of P-80B.
;P-80R: Modification of XP-80B to racer.
;P-80C: '''162''' block 1-LO; '''75''' block 5-LO; '''561''' block 10-LO
;F-80C: USAF designation of P-80C; 128 F-80A modified to F-80C-11-LO with J-33-A-35 engine and ejection seat installed; fitted with {{convert|260|USgal|impgal l|abbr=on}} tiptanks; major P-80 production version.<ref name="Fitzimmons p.2319"/>
;RF-80C: 70 modified F-80A and F-80C, and six modified RF-80A, to RF-80C and RF-80C-11, respectively; upgraded photo recon plane.
;DF-80A: Designation given to number of F-80As converted into drone directors.
;QF-80A/QF-80C/QF-80F: Project Bad Boy F-80 conversions by Sperry Gyroscope to target drones. '''Q-8''' was initially proposed as designation for the QF-80.
;TP-80C: First designation for TF-80C trainer prototype.
;TF-80C: Prototype for T-33 (48-0356).
;TO-1/TV-1: U.S. Navy variant of F-80C; 49 block 1-LO and one block 5-LO aircraft transferred to USN in 1949; 16 initially went to U.S. Marine Corps.

===Derivatives===
;[[Lockheed T-33|Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star]]
Lockheed also produced a two-seat trainer variant with a longer fuselage, the '''T-33''', which remained in production until 1959 and was produced under license in Japan and Canada. The trainer was used by more than 20 countries. A total of 6,557 T-33s were built and some are still flying.

;[[Lockheed F-94 Starfire]]
Two TF-80Cs were modified as prototypes for the '''F-94 Starfire''', an all-weather fighter produced in three variants.

==Former operators==
[[File:Parque del Avión Rímac Lima - Aircraft.jpg|thumb|A Peruvian F-80C preserved in a [[Lima]] park]]
;{{flagu|Brazil|1968}}: 33 F-80Cs delivered starting in 1958, withdrawn from service in 1973.<ref>Andrade 1982, p. 81.</ref>
;{{Flagu|Chile}}: around 30 F-80Cs delivered from 1958 on, last ones retired from service in 1974.<ref>Andrade 1982, p. 126.</ref>
;{{Flagu|Colombia}}: 16 F-80Cs delivered starting in 1958, retired by 1966.<ref>Andrade 1982, p. 143.</ref>
;{{Flagu|Ecuador}}: 16 F-80Cs delivered between 1957 and 1960, six returned to the United States in 1965.<ref>Andrade 1982, p. 167.</ref>
;{{Flagu|Peru}}: 16 F-80Cs delivered starting in 1958, used by the 13th Fighter-Bomber Group until the type was phased out in 1973.<ref>Andrade 1982, p. 239.</ref>
;{{Flagu|United States}}
* [[United States Air Force]]
* [[United States Navy]], 1945 to 1970s
;{{Flagu|Uruguay}}: at least 18 F-80Cs delivered in 1958, withdrawn from use in 1972.<ref>Andrade 1982, p. 263.</ref>

==Aircraft on display==

===Brazil===
;F-80C
*49-0433 – [[Museu Aeroespacial]] in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

===Chile===
*49-0787 – [[Museo Nacional Aeronáutico y del Espacio]], [[Los Cerrillos Airport]], [[Santiago]], Chile.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

===United States===
[[File:Lockheed XP-80 Lulu-Belle.png|thumb|Lockheed XP-80 "Lulu-Belle" at the National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C.]]
;XP-80
*44-83020 (Lulu-Belle) – [[National Air and Space Museum]] in Washington, D.C.. First flown on 8 January 1944, it was restored right after the 1976 opening of the National Air and Space Museum and is still in their collection.<ref>[http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19600296000 "P-80 Shooting Star/44-83020."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429154823/http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19600296000 |date=29 April 2011 }} NASM. Retrieved: 10 June 2011.</ref>
;P-80A
[[File:Air Zoo December 2019 137 (Lockheed F-80A Shooting Star).jpg|thumb|P-80A on display at the [[Air Zoo]]]]
*44-84999 – [[Hill Aerospace Museum]] at [[Hill AFB]], [[Utah]]. This airframe is a T-33A that has been modified and painted to resemble a P-80.<ref>[http://www.hill.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5691 "P-80 Shooting Star/44-84999."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423203606/http://www.hill.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5691 |date=23 April 2013 }} Hill Aerospace Museum. Retrieved: 6 May 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Baugher|first1=Joe|title=1944 USAAF Serial Numbers (44-83886 to 44-92098)|url=http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1944_6.html|publisher=JoeBaugher.com|access-date=16 June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710111842/http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/1944_6.html|archive-date=10 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*44-85123 – [[Air Force Flight Test Museum]] at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] in California. Currently undergoing restoration. This aircraft set transcontinental speed record in January 1946, closed circuit speed record in June 1946, and won the Thompson Trophy Race in September 1946. Was then used to test nose fairing and wing designs.<ref>[http://afftcmuseum.org/exhibits/museum-aircraft-exhibits/ "P-80 Shooting Star/44-85123."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022224752/http://afftcmuseum.org/exhibits/museum-aircraft-exhibits/ |date=22 October 2014 }} Air Force Flight Test Museum Inventory. Retrieved: 12 January 2015.</ref>
*44-85125 (displayed as 44-85152) – [[Kalamazoo Air Zoo]] in [[Kalamazoo, Michigan]].<ref>[http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?menu_id=137 "P-80 Shooting Star/44-85125."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623192923/http://www.airzoo.org/page.php?menu_id=137 |date=23 June 2015 }} Air Zoo. Retrieved: 6 May 2013.</ref>
*44-85391 (front of fuselage) – Air Victory Museum, [[Medford, New Jersey]].<ref>{{usurped|1=[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130508123408/http://airvictorymuseum.com/p80.html "P-80 Shooting Star/44-85391."]}} Air Victory Museum. Retrieved: 6 May 2013.</ref>
*44-85488 – [[Planes of Fame]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>[http://planesoffame.org/index.php?page=81&itemsperpage=All "P-80 Shooting Star/44-85488."] {{webarchive|url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20170809105443/http://planesoffame.org/index.php?page=81&itemsperpage=All |date=9 August 2017 }} Planes of Fame Museum. Retrieved: 9 October 2012.</ref>
;P-80B
*45-8357 – [[Museum of Aviation (Warner Robins)|Museum of Aviation]] at [[Robins Air Force Base]], [[Warner Robins, Georgia]].<ref>[http://www.museumofaviation.org/F80.php "P-80 Shooting Star/45-8357."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729034926/http://www.museumofaviation.org/F80.php |date=29 July 2013 }} Museum of Aviation. Retrieved: 6 May 2013.</ref>
*45-8490 – [[Castle Air Museum]] at the former [[Castle Air Force Base]] in [[Atwater, California]].<ref>[http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay "P-80 Shooting Star/45-8490."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114232620/http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay/ |date=14 November 2016 }} Castle Air Museum. Retrieved: 12 January 2015.</ref>
*45-8501 – [[Kirtland AFB]], [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
*45-8517 – Anna Jordan Park, [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
*45-8612 – [[Pima Air & Space Museum]] adjacent to [[Davis-Monthan AFB]] in [[Tucson, Arizona]].<ref>[http://www.pimaair.org/visit/aircraft-by-name/item/lockheed-p-80b-shooting-star "P-80 Shooting Star/45-8612."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224044834/http://www.pimaair.org/visit/aircraft-by-name/item/lockheed-p-80b-shooting-star |date=24 February 2015 }} Pima Air & Space Museum. Retrieved: 12 January 2015.</ref>
*45-8704 – [[Aerospace Museum of California]] at the former [[McClellan AFB]] in [[Sacramento, California]].<ref>[http://www.aerospaceca.org/lockheed-f-80b-shooting-star/ "P-80 Shooting Star/45-8704."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328234646/http://www.aerospaceca.org/lockheed-f-80b-shooting-star/ |date=28 March 2015 }} Aerospace Museum of California. Retrieved: 12 January 2015.</ref>
;P-80C
*47-0171 – Iowa Gold Star Military Museum, [[Camp Dodge]], [[Des Moines, Iowa]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
*47-0215 – Reflections of Freedom Air Park, [[McConnell AFB]], [[Wichita, Kansas]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
*47-0221 – Redesignated US Navy TV-1 33824 [[Wings of Freedom Aviation Museum]], [[Horsham Township, Pennsylvania]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=AirHistory.net - 33824 aircraft photos |url=https://www.airhistory.net/marks-all/33824 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=www.airhistory.net}}</ref>
*47-1837 – Redesignated USMC TO-1 BuNo 33840 at the [[Flying Leatherneck Aviation Museum]] at [[MCAS Miramar]], [[San Diego, California]].
*47-1392 – [[Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth]], [[Fort Worth, Texas]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
*48-0868 – [[EAA Airventure Museum]] in [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin]].<ref>[http://www.eaa.org/en/eaa-museum/museum-collection/aircraft-collection-folder/1948-lockheed-p-80c-shooting-star "P-80 Shooting Star/48-0868."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623193056/http://www.eaa.org/en/eaa-museum/museum-collection/aircraft-collection-folder/1948-lockheed-p-80c-shooting-star |date=23 June 2015 }} EAA Airventure Museum. Retrieved: 12 January 2015.</ref>
*49-0432 (displayed as 49-417) – [[Air Force Armament Museum]] at [[Eglin AFB]], Florida.<ref>[http://www.afarmamentmuseum.com/outside.shtml "P-80 Shooting Star/49-0432."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012072145/http://afarmamentmuseum.com/outside.shtml |date=12 October 2014 }} USAF Armament Museum. Retrieved: 6 May 2013.</ref>
*49-0696 – [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson AFB]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>[http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=290 "P-80 Shooting Star/49-0696."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623184913/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=290 |date=23 June 2015 }} National Museum of the USAF. Retrieved: 9 October 2012.</ref>
*49-0710 – [[Mid-America Air Museum]], [[Liberal, Kansas]].<ref>[http://www.kansastravel.org/airmuseum.htm "P-80 Shooting Star/49-0710."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629103019/http://www.kansastravel.org/airmuseum.htm |date=29 June 2015 }} Mid-America Air Museum. Retrieved: 30 January 2015.</ref>
*49-0719 – in storage awaiting restoration at [[Yanks Air Museum]] in [[Chino, California]].<ref>[https://yanksair.org/collection/lockheed-080-shooting-star-p-80c-f-80c/?_sft_manufacturer_inventor=lockheed "P-80 Shooting Star/49-0719."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803112118/https://yanksair.org/collection/lockheed-080-shooting-star-p-80c-f-80c/?_sft_manufacturer_inventor=lockheed |date=3 August 2020 }} Yanks Air Museum. Retrieved: 18 October 2018.</ref><ref>[https://registry.faa.gov/AircraftInquiry/Search/NNumberResult?nNumberTxt=729A "FAA Registry: N729A."] Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved: 27 July 2021.</ref>
*49-1853 – Veteran's Memorial Square, [[Holloman AFB]] in [[New Mexico]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
*49-1872 – [[Pueblo Weisbrod Aircraft Museum]], [[Pueblo Memorial Airport]], [[Pueblo, Colorado]].<ref>[http://www.pwam.org/aircraftdisplay1.html "P-80 Shooting Star/49-1872."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225043629/http://www.pwam.org/aircraftdisplay1.html |date=25 December 2016 }} Pueblo Weisbrod Aircraft Museum. Retrieved: 30 January 2014.</ref>
;P-80R
*44-85200 – [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson AFB]] in [[Dayton, Ohio]]. This aircraft was specially modified for racing by equipping it with a smaller canopy, a shorter wing, and redesigned air intakes. On 19 June 1947, it was flown by Colonel Albert Boyd to a new world speed record of 623.73&nbsp;mph (1,004.2&nbsp;km/h). The P-80R aircraft was shipped to the Museum from [[Griffiss Air Force Base]] in New York in October 1954.<ref name="P-80 Shooting Star/44-85200." /><ref>''United States Air Force Museum Guidebook'' 1975, p. 52.</ref> 

===Uruguay===
;F-80C
*47-0205 (FAU213) – Museo de la aeronautica in [[Montevideo, Uruguay]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}

==Specifications (P-80C/F-80C)==
[[File:Lockheed F-80C Shooting Star 3-view.svg|frameless|right|3-view silhouette drawing of the Lockheed F-80C Shooting Star]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Quest for Performance,<ref name="Loftin">{{cite web |last1=Loftin |first1=L.K. Jr. |title=Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft NASA SP-468 : Appendix A (Continued):[488-489] Table V - Characteristics of Illustrative Jet Fighter Aircraft: Physical characteristics |url=https://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/SP-468/app-a3.htm |website=nasa.gov |publisher=NASA |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref> Lockheed Aircraft since 1913<ref name=Francillon>{{cite book|last=Francillon|first=René J.|title=Lockheed Aircraft since 1913|year=1982|publisher=Putnam & Company|location=London|isbn=0-370-30329-6 |pages=235–254}}</ref>
|prime units?=imp
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=1
|length ft=34
|length in=5
|length note=
|span ft=38
|span in=9
|span note=
|height ft=11
|height in=3
|height note=
|wing area sqft=237.6
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=6.37
|airfoil=[[NACA airfoil|NACA 65-213]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lednicer|first1=David|title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage|url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html|website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
|empty weight lb=8420
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=12200
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=16856
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=<br/>
*'''[[Zero-lift drag coefficient]]:''' 0.0134
*'''[[zero-lift drag coefficient|Frontal area:]]''' {{cvt|32|sqft}}
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=[[Allison J33-A-35]]
|eng1 type=[[centrifugal compressor]] [[turbojet]]
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 lbf=4600
|eng1 note=dry
:::{{cvt|5400|lbf|kN}} with [[Water injection (engines)|water injection]]<ref>Roux [https://books.google.com/books?id=_5vA_5XK33sC&pg=PA213 2007, p. 213.]</ref>
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed mph=594
|max speed note=at sea level
|max speed mach=0.76
|cruise speed mph=439
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|range miles=825
|range note=
|combat range miles=
|combat range note=
|ferry range miles=1380
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling ft=46800
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ftmin=6870
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|20000|ft}} in 5 minutes 30 seconds
|lift to drag=17.7
|wing loading lb/sqft=51.3
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|thrust/weight=0.364
:::0.435 with water injection.

|more performance=
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns=6 × 0.50 in (12.7mm) [[M3 Browning machine gun]]s (300 rpg)
|bombs=2 × {{cvt|1000|lb}} bombs
|rockets=8 × {{cvt|127|mm|2}} HVAR unguided rockets

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Aircontent|
|related=
* [[Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star]]
* [[Lockheed T2V SeaStar]]
* [[Lockheed F-94 Starfire]]
|similar aircraft=
* {{lwc|Bell P-59 Airacomet}}
* {{lwc|de Havilland Vampire}}
* {{lwc|Gloster Meteor}}
* {{lwc|Gloster Meteor F8 "Prone Pilot"}}
* {{lwc|Hawker Hunter}}
* {{lwc|Heinkel He 162}}
* {{lwc|Heinkel He 280}}
* {{lwc|Messerschmitt Me 262}}
* {{lwc|Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9}}
* {{lwc|Nakajima Kikka}}
* {{lwc|Saab 32 Lansen}}
* {{lwc|Yakovlev Yak-23}}
|lists=
* [[List of military aircraft of the United States]]
* [[List of fighter aircraft]]
* [[List of jet aircraft of World War II]]
* [[List of Lockheed aircraft]]
|see also=
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=N}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* Andrade, John. ''Latin-American Military Aviation''. Leicester, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1982. {{ISBN|0-904597-31-8}}.
* Arnold, Rhodes. ''Shooting Star, T-Bird & Starfire: A Famous Lockheed Family''. Tucson, Arizona: Aztex Corp., 1981. {{ISBN|978-0-8940-4035-1}}.
* Baugher, Joe. [http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p80.html "Lockheed P-80/F-80 Shooting Star."] ''USAAC/USAAF/USAF Fighter and Pursuit Aircraft,'' 16 July 1999.
*{{cite journal|last1=Bedford|first1=Alan|title=Earl American Carrier Jets: Evolving Jet Operations with the US Fleet, Part One|journal=Air Enthusiast|date=May–June 1999|issue=81|pages=13–19|issn=0143-5450}}
* Bilstein, Roger E. ''Flight in America: From the Wrights to the Astronauts.'' Baltimore, Maryland: Hopkins Fulfillment Service, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001. {{ISBN|978-0-8018-6685-2}}.
* Davis, Larry. ''MiG Alley: Air to Air Combat Over Korea.'' Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1978. {{ISBN|0-89747-081-8}}.
* Davis, Larry. ''P-80 Shooting Star. T-33/F-94 in action.'' Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1980. {{ISBN|0-89747-099-0}}.
* Dorr, Robert F. "P-80 Shooting Star Variants". ''Wings of Fame'' Vol. 11. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1998. {{ISBN|1-86184-017-9}}.
* Fitzsimons, Bernard, ed. "Shooting Star, Lockheed F-80/T-33." ''Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons and Warfare'', '''Volume 21'''. London: Phoebus, 1978. {{ISBN|0-8393-6175-0}}.
* Francillon, René J. ''Lockheed aircraft since 1913'' London: Putnam & Company, 1982. {{ISBN|0-370-30329-6}}
*{{cite journal |last=Gordon |first=Doug |title= Tac Recon Masters: The 66th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing in Europe, Part One|journal= [[Air Enthusiast]] |issue=94|date=July–August 2001|pages=31–39|issn=0143-5450 }}
* Green, William. ''War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Four: Fighters''. London: MacDonald & Co., 1961 (Sixth impression 1969). {{ISBN|0-356-01448-7}}.
* Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. ''The Great Book of Fighters''. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7603-1194-3}}.
* Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. ''WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: US Army Air Force Fighters, Part 2''. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers, 1978. {{ISBN|0-354-01072-7}}.
* [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines''. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens, 1989. {{ISBN|1-85260-163-9}}.
* [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. ''Encyclopedia of the World's Combat Aircraft''. Feltham, UK: Salamander, 1976. {{ISBN|0-600-33144-X}}.
* Jenkins, Dennis R. and Tony R. Landis. ''Experimental & Prototype U.S. Air Force Jet Fighters.'' North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2008. {{ISBN|978-1-58007-111-6}}.
* Jones, Lloyd S. ''US Fighters, Army-Air Force: 1925 to 1980s''. Los Angeles: Aero Publishers, 1975. {{ISBN|0-8168-9200-8}}.
* Knaack, Marcelle Size. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110609020127/http://www.airforcehistory.hq.af.mil/Publications/fulltext/encyclopedia_postww2_fighters.pdf ''Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems: Volume 1 Post-World War II Fighters 1945–1973''.] Washington, D.C.: Office of Air Force History, 1978. {{ISBN|0-912799-59-5}}.
* Pace, Steve. ''Lockheed Skunk Works''. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1992. {{ISBN|0-87938-632-0}}.
* Polmar, Norman. "Lots of Shooting Stars". ''Naval History (United States Naval Institute)'', Vol. 14, No. 4, August 2001, pp.&nbsp;12–14.
* Roux, Élodie. ''Turbofan and Turbojet Engines: Database Handbook''. Raleigh, North Carolina: Éditions Élodie Roux, 2007. {{ISBN|978-2-9529380-1-3}}.
* ''United States Air Force Museum Guidebook.'' Wright-Patterson AFB, [[Ohio|OH]]: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
* Wooldridge, E.T. Jr. ''The P-80 Shooting Star: Evolution of a Jet Fighter'' (Famous Aircraft of the National Air and Space Museum Series, Vol. 3). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979. {{ISBN|0-87474-965-4}}.

==External links==
{{Commons category|Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star}}
* [http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19600296000 Aircraft of the Smithsonian: Lockheed XP-80 ''Lulu-Belle''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429154823/http://www.nasm.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19600296000 |date=29 April 2011 }}
* [http://aircraftaces.com/p80-shooting-star.htm Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star]
* [http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/p80_shooting_star.htm Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323123314/http://www.fighter-planes.com/info/p80_shooting_star.htm |date=23 March 2012 }}

{{Lockheed P-80 family}}
{{Lockheed}}
{{AircraftDesignationNavboxShell
  |1={{USAF fighters}}
  |2={{US unmanned aircraft}}
  |3={{USAAF reconnaissance aircraft}}
  |4={{USN trainer aircraft}} 
}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Lockheed aircraft|P-080]]
[[Category:1940s United States fighter aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]
[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:World War II jet aircraft of the United States]]
[[Category:Aircraft first flown in 1944]]
[[Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear]]