Editing Little Stour

{{Short description|River in Kent, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox river
  | name              = Little Stour
  | image             = River Stour Map.jpg
  | image_size        = <!--Optional; defaults to 288 px-->
  | image_caption     = River Stour and Tributaries
  | source1_location  = [[Lyminge]]
  | mouth_location    = [[River Stour, Kent|River Stour]]
  | length            = 
  | source1_elevation = 
  | mouth_elevation   = 
  | discharge1_avg    = 
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}}
[[File:Kent Town Rivers.svg|thumb]]<!--[[Image:River Stour Map.jpg|thumb|400px|River Stour and Tributaries]]-->
The '''Little Stour''' is one of the [[tributary|tributaries]] of the [[River Stour, Kent|River Stour]] in the [[England|English]] county of [[Kent]]. The upper reaches of the river is known as the '''Nailbourne''', whilst the lower reaches were once known as the '''Seaton Navigation'''.

The intermittent source of the Nailbourne is at [[Lyminge]], and in its early reaches from Lyminge to [[Bekesbourne]] it forms a [[chalk stream]] and [[winterbourne (stream)|winterbourne]]. Below Bekesbourne it joins the Little Stour, which in turn joins with the [[River Stour, Kent|Great Stour]] at [[Plucks Gutter]] near [[East Stourmouth]].

==Course==

===Nailbourne===
[[File:Ethelburga's Well on Well Road - geograph.org.uk - 960720.jpg|Ethelburga's Well|thumb]]
The Nailbourne flows from [[Lyminge]], through the [[Elham Valley]] until it joins the Little Stour at [[Bekesbourne]].

The Nailbourne bubbles up beneath St Ethelburga's Well in Tayne Field in the centre of Lyminge. Whilst the stream often holds a plentiful supply of water from Lyminge to [[Elham, Kent|Elham]] throughout the year, it rarely holds any water from Elham to Bishopsbourne even in the winter months. However, in wet years the normally dry ditch can turn into a fast flowing torrent, flooding roads, fields and houses. An example of this was in 2001 when there was extensive flooding throughout the Elham Valley.

There are a number of minor tributaries that flow into the Nailbourne throughout the Elham Valley. Most are nameless although Ordnance Survey maps do mark a stream known as the East Brooke which runs from [[Etchinghill, Kent|Etchinghill]] and joins the Nailbourne at Lyminge.

===Little Stour===
[[File:Nailbourne 1.jpg|thumb|The Nailbourne near [[Bishopsbourne]] on 22 July 2006. Even when there is no water in the stream it is still a haven for wildlife.]]

The Little Stour starts at the springs near Well Chapel, Bekesbourne, after the watercress beds the Nailbourne joins the Little Stour (when it is running) and then joins with the [[River Stour, Kent|Great Stour]] at [[Plucks Gutter]] near [[West Stourmouth]]. The merged river is usually known as the [[River Stour, Kent|River Stour]].

==Settlements==
[[File:Nailbourne 2.JPG|thumb|The Nailbourne near [[Bishopsbourne]] on 25 March 2007.]]
The river flows through the following settlements -
*[[Lyminge]]
*[[Elham, Kent|Elham]]
*[[Barham, Kent|Barham]]
*[[Kingston, Kent|Kingston]]
*[[Bishopsbourne]]
*[[Bridge, Kent|Bridge]]
*[[Patrixbourne]]
*[[Bekesbourne]]
*[[Littlebourne]]
*[[Wickhambreaux]]
*[[Ickham]]
*[[West Stourmouth]]

==Economy==

===Water mills===
{{Main|Stour watermills}}
The Little Stour powered four watermills, at Littlebourne, Wickhambreaux and Ickham.

===Navigation===
The stretch of the river downstream from the mills and wharf at Seaton, in the parish of Ickham, was made navigable at some time prior to 1831. As a consequence it was sometimes referred to as the Seaton Navigation.<ref>{{cite book | first = Priestley | last = Joseph | title = Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals and Railways of Great Britain | year = 1831 | publisher = Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green | location = London | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eUqIucVmZjwC/page/n147 131]–137 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_eUqIucVmZjwC| quote = river stour priestley 1831. | accessdate = 2010-03-15 }}</ref>

==Environment==
On 28 September 2007 Environment Secretary, Phil Woolas, announced that the Little Stour would be one of 24 additional sensitive areas in England that have been identified as at risk from excessive nutrients from [[sewage treatment]] works. This means that Southern Water will be obliged under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulations to take action by 2014 to reduce phosphorus and nitrates in the discharges from their sewage treatment works which discharge into the Little Stour.

In early 2007 it was revealed that an application had been made by a company called Newater to discharge treated sewage into the Nailbourne at Elham. The sewage would be piped from the Broomfield Banks treatment works near Dover into the Nailbourne  at North Elham with the intention of addressing the water supply deficit in South East England. Whilst the [[Environment Agency]] has given assurance that the scheme is safe the application has raised concerns including those of the Little Stour & Nailbourne River Management Group. The application is one of nine similar applications by Newater PLC in the Southern part of England. The Environment Agency is expected to make a decision on the Nailbourne application later in the year.

== Legend ==
According to legend it was [[Augustine of Hippo|Saint Augustine]] who performed a miracle and brought water to the Elham Valley. When there is a drought and the stream runs dry it is because of [[Woden]] and [[Thor]] (whom the local people had previously worshipped) who were displeased with what St Augustine had done. It is also local superstition that the Nailbourne only flows once every seven years and that when it does flow it is a sign of bad luck.

==In popular culture==

Author [[Russell Hoban]] repurposes the Nailbourne as "Nellys Bum" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel ''[[Riddley Walker]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|title=Places - Riddley Walker Annotations|website=Errorbar|access-date=21 August 2022|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729025537/http://www.errorbar.net/rw/Places|url-status=live}}</ref>

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060423233232/http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/link/new_link/photographs/nailbourne_flood/index.htm Pictures of the 2000-2001 floods]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091117143123/http://www.barham-kent.org.uk/Nailbourne.htm Pictures of the 2000-2001 floods at Barham]

==Governance==
Although Little Stour is known for the river an [[Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom|electoral ward]] exists in the same name.  This ward includes [[Littlebourne]] and surrounding villages. At the 2011 Census the ward had a population of 2,718.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/little-stour-e05004913#sthash.AC3U3ONa.dpbs|title=Little Stour ward population 2011|accessdate=2 October 2015}}</ref>

==References==
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{{River Stour}}
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{{Coord|51.3250|1.2530|display=title |region:GB_type:waterbody |format=dms}}

[[Category:Rivers of Kent]]
[[Category:City of Canterbury]]
[[Category:Folkestone and Hythe District]]
[[Category:Kentish Stour catchment|1Little]]