Editing List of rulers of Monaco

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Politics of Monaco}}

This article lists the rulers of [[Monaco]]. Most belong to the [[House of Grimaldi]]; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

==History==
{{further|History of Monaco|House of Grimaldi}}
The [[House of Grimaldi]], descended from [[Otto Canella]], a statesman from the [[Republic of Genoa]], and taking their name from his son [[Grimaldo Canella|Grimaldo]], were an ancient and prominent Guelphic Genoese family. Members of this family, in the course of the civil strife in Genoa between the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]], were banned from Genoa in 1271 and took refuge in Monaco.

[[François Grimaldi]] seized the [[Rock of Monaco]] in 1297, starting the Grimaldi dynasty, under the Genoese sovereignty. The Grimaldis acquired [[Menton]] in 1346 and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]] in 1355, enlarging their possessions. These two towns (some 95% of the country's territory) were eventually ceded to [[France]] by the [[Franco-Monégasque Treaties#1861 Treaty|Franco-Monégasque Treaty]] in 1861.

The Grimaldis used the title of Lord until 1612. Then, Lord [[Honoré II, Prince of Monaco|Honoré II]] started using the title of Prince, thereby becoming the first Prince of Monaco. Afterwards, Honoré II secured recognition of his independent [[sovereignty]] from [[Spain]] in 1633, and then from France by the [[Treaty of Péronne (1641)|Treaty of Péronne]] in 1641. Since then the area has remained under the control of the Grimaldi family to the present day, except when under French control from 24 February 1793 to 17 May 1814.

==Rulers of Monaco==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! width=150|Name<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! width=60px|Portrait
! width=100|Reign start
! width=100|Reign end
! align="left"|Notes
|-
! [[François Grimaldi]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1309)}}}}
| [[File:Malizia.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="2"| 8 January 1297
| rowspan="2"| 10 April 1301
| align="left" rowspan="2"| 
*François Grimaldi was the leader of a group of [[Genoa|Genoese]] that seized the [[Rock of Monaco]].
*His cousin Rainier was the first [[House of Grimaldi|Grimaldi]] ruler of the area now known as Monaco.
|-
! [[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1267–1314)}}}}
| [[File:Raniero I de Mónaco.jpg|80px]]
|-
|bgcolor="#87C389" colspan="5"| Under [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] control from 10 April 1301 to 12 September 1331
|-
|bgcolor="#A0A0A0" colspan="5"| '''Lords of Monaco'''
|-
! [[Charles I, Lord of Monaco|Charles I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1357)}}}}
|
| 12 September 1331
| rowspan="4"| 15 August 1357
| align="left" | 
*Son of Rainier I, he retook the Rock from the Genoese.
*Won [[Menton]] (1346) and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]] (1355).
*After 29 June 1352 co-rulership with
**[[Anthony I, Lord of Monaco|Anthony I]] (?-1358), youngest brother of Rainier I
**[[Rainier II, Lord of Monaco|Rainier II]] (1350–1407), son of Charles I
**[[Gabriel, Lord of Monaco|Gabriel]], son of Charles I
|-
! [[Anthony I, Lord of Monaco|Anthony I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1358)}}}}
|
| rowspan="3"| 29 June 1352
| align="left" | 
*Co-ruler
|-
! [[Rainier II, Lord of Monaco|Rainier II]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1350–1407)}}}}
| [[File:Rainier II et Isabella Asinari.jpg|80px]]
| align="left" | 
*Son of Charles I
*Co-ruler since 29 June 1352
*Yielded Monaco to the besieging Genoese for 20,000 fl. but retained [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]].
|-
! [[Gabriel, Lord of Monaco|Gabriel]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–?)}}}}
| 
| align="left" | 
*Co-ruler
|-
|bgcolor="#87C389" colspan="5"| Under Genoese control from 15 August 1357 to January 1395
|-
! [[Louis, Lord of Monaco|Louis]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1402)}}}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| rowspan="2"| January 1395
| rowspan="2"| 19 December 1395
| align="left"|
*Son of Charles I
*Ruled jointly with Jean I
|-
! [[Jean I, Lord of Monaco|Jean I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1382–1454)}}}}
| [[File:Jean Ier de Monaco et Pommeline Fregoso.jpg|80px]]
| align="left"|
*Son of Rainier II
*Ruled jointly with Louis
|-
|bgcolor="#87C389" colspan="5"| Under Genoese control from 19 December 1395 to 11 May 1397
|-
! [[Louis, Lord of Monaco|Louis]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1402)}}}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 11 May 1397
| 5 November 1402
| align="left"| &nbsp;
|-
|bgcolor="#87C389" colspan="5"| Under Genoese control from 5 November 1402 to 5 June 1419
|-
! [[Jean I, Lord of Monaco|Jean I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1382–1454)}}}}
| [[File:Jean Ier de Monaco et Pommeline Fregoso.jpg|80px]]
| rowspan="3"| 5 June 1419
| 8 May 1454
| align="left" rowspan="3"| 
*Sons of Rainier II, Jean, Ambroise and Antoine, bought back Monaco from Genoa and ruled it jointly until 1427. After Antoine's death, Jean bought out his brothers in exchange for the rule over [[Menton]] and [[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin|Roquebrune]].
*Monaco was occupied by the [[Duchy of Milan]] under the governorship of Genoese [[Biagio Assereto]] from 3 October to November 1436.
*On 20 November 1441, Jean gained sovereignty for Monaco.
*Jean's testament replaced the ''[[Salic law|Lex Salica]]'' with [[Primogeniture#Male-preference primogeniture|Male-preference primogeniture]], thus allowing for female succession (then British system).
|-
! [[Ambroise, Lord of Monaco|Ambroise]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1433)}}}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| rowspan="2"| 1427
|-
! [[Anthony II, Lord of Monaco|Anthony II]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1427)}}}}
| align="center"| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
|-
! [[Catalan, Lord of Monaco|Catalan]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(?–1457)}}}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 8 May 1454
| July 1457
| align="left"| &nbsp;
|-
! [[Claudine, Lady of Monaco|Claudine]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|({{circa|1451}}–1515)}}}}
| [[File:Claudina di monaco.jpg|80px]]
| July 1457
| 16 March 1458
| align="left"| 
*Under the regency of her paternal grandmother [[Pomellina Fregoso]]
*Abdicated in favour of her cousin [[Lamberto Grimaldi|Lamberto]], whom she married in 1465.
|-
! [[Lamberto, Lord of Monaco|Lamberto]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|({{circa|1420}}–1494)}}}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 16 March 1458
| March 1494
| align="left"| &nbsp;
|-
! [[Jean II, Lord of Monaco|Jean II]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1468–1505)}}}}
| [[File:Jean II de Monaco et Antonie de Savoie.jpg|80px|link=Special:FilePath/File:Jean_II_de_Monaco_et_Antonie_de_Savoie.jpg]]
| March 1494
| 11 October 1505
| align="left"| 
*Son of Lamberto and Claudine
*Murdered by his brother, Lucien
|-
! [[Lucien, Lord of Monaco|Lucien]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1487–1523)}}}}
| [[File:Ambrogio de Predis - Lucien I - Prince of Monaco.jpg|80px]]
| 11 October 1505
| 22 August 1523
| align="left"| 
*Son of Lamberto and Claudine
*Murdered his brother, Jean II
*Murdered by his nephew, Bartholomew Doria of [[Dolceacqua]]
|-
! [[Honoré I, Lord of Monaco|Honoré I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1522–1581)}}}}
| [[File:Honoré I and his family.jpg|80px]]
| 22 August 1523
| 7 October 1581
| align="left"|
*Son of Lucien
*During his minority under the regency of
**[[Augustine Grimaldi]], bishop of Grasse, 22 August 1523 – 14 April 1532
**[[Nicholas Grimaldi]], 14–23 April 1532
**[[Blanche Grimaldi]], baronne de Tourette (co-regent), 14 April– 1 July 1532.<ref name="gustavesaige">{{cite book|last1=Saige|first1=Gustave|title=Monaco: Ses Origines et Son Histoire|date=1897|publisher=Imprimerie de Monaco|url=https://archive.org/details/monaco00saiggoog|access-date= 8 April 2019}}</ref>
**[[Étienne Grimaldi]], 23 April 1532 – 16 December 1540
|-
! [[Charles II, Lord of Monaco|Charles II]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1555–1589)}}}}
| [[File:Charles II de Monaco.jpg|80px]]
| 7 October 1581
| 17 May 1589
| align="left"| 
*Son of Honoré I
|-
! [[Ercole, Lord of Monaco|Ercole]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1562–1604)}}}}
| [[File:HerculesMonaco.jpg|80px]]
| 17 May 1589
| 29 November 1604
| align="left"| 
*Son of Honoré I
*Murdered
|-
! [[Honoré II, Prince of Monaco|Honoré II]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1597–1662)}}}}
| [[File:HonoriusIIMonaco-1-.jpg|80px]]
| 29 November 1604
| 10 January 1662
| align="left"|
*Son of Ercole
*Until 1616 under the regency of Prince [[Francis Landi]] of [[Valdetare]]
*Starting in 1612, Honoré II was the first Monegasque ruler to adopt the personal style of Prince, to which the Grimaldi rulers of Monaco were already entitled to through their possession in Italy. Monaco was recognized as a [[Sovereign Prince of Monaco|sovereign principality]] by [[Philip IV of Spain]] in 1633 and by [[Louis XIII]] of France in the [[Treaty of Péronne (1641)|Treaty of Péronne]] of 1641.
|-
|bgcolor="#A0A0A0" colspan="5"| '''Sovereign Princes of Monaco'''
|-
! [[Louis I, Prince of Monaco|Louis I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1642–1701)}}}}
| [[File:Portrait Louis I, Prince of Monaco by an unknown artist.jpg|80px]]
| 10 January 1662
| 3 January 1701
| align="left"| 
*Grandson of Honoré II
|-
! [[Antonio I, Prince of Monaco|Antonio I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1661–1731)}}}}
| [[File:1706 - Antoine I Grimaldi (Monaco).jpg|80px]]
| 3 January 1701
| 20 February 1731
| align="left"| 
*Son of Louis I
|-
! [[Louise Hippolyte, Princess of Monaco|Louise Hippolyte]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1697–1731)}}}}
| [[File:Louise Hippolyte Grimaldi.jpg|80px]]
| 21 February 1731
| 29 December 1731
| align="left"| 
*Daughter of Antonio I
|-
! [[Jacques I, Prince of Monaco|Jacques I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1689–1751)}}}}
| [[File:Jacques I, Prince of Monaco.jpg|80px]]
| 29 December 1731
| 7 November 1733
| align="left"| 
*Husband of Louise Hippolyte
*Left the country on 20 May 1732, with his brother-in-law, [[Chevalier de Grimaldi|Antoine Grimaldi]] acting as regent.
*Abdicated on 7 November 1733.
|-
! [[Honoré III, Prince of Monaco|Honoré III]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1720–1795)}}}}
| [[File:Honoré III, Prince of Monaco by Jean Baptiste van Loo.jpg|80px]]
| 7 November 1733
| 19 January 1793
| align="left"| 
*Son of Jacques I and Louise Hippolyte
*Until 28 November 1784 under the regency of his uncle, [[Chevalier de Grimaldi|Antoine Grimaldi]]
|-
|colspan="5" bgcolor="#87C389"| '''French occupation''' (19 January 1793 – 17 May 1814)
|-bgcolor="#87C389"
| '''[[National Convention (Monaco)|National Convention]]'''
| [[File:Great coat of arms of the house of Grimaldi.svg|80px]]
| 19 January 1793
| 24 February 1793
| align="left"| President: [[Joseph Barriera]]
|-bgcolor="#87C389"
| '''Annexed by France'''
| [[File:Flag of France.svg|80px]]
| 24 February 1793
| 17 May 1814
| align="left"| Governed by:

*[[Armand Louis de Gontaut]], [[French Revolutionary Army|French military]] commandant 24 February 1793 – 1 March 1793
*[[Henri Grégoire]], French commissioner after 1 March 1793
*[[Grégoire Jagot|Grégoire Marie Jagot]], French commissioner
|-
|colspan="5" bgcolor="#87C389"| '''Allied occupation''' (17 May – 17 June 1814)
|-
! [[Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco|Honoré IV]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1758–1819)}}}}
| [[File:HonoriusIV.jpg|80px]]
| 30 May 1814
| 16 February 1819
| align="left"| 
*Son of Honoré III
*Titular prince since 21 March 1795
*Under the regency of
**[[Prince Joseph of Monaco|Joseph Grimaldi]], his brother, 17–23 June 1814
**the ''State Council'', 23 June 1814 – 4 March 1819<br>{{small|Members: [[Louis Millo-Terrazzani]], [[Horace Pretti de Saint-Ambroise]], [[Antoine Sigaldi]], [[Joseph Rey]], [[Honoré Albini]].}}
**[[Honoré V|Honoré Grimaldi]], his son, 3 March 1815 – 16 February 1819
|-
! [[Honoré V, Prince of Monaco|Honoré V]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1778–1841)}}}}
| [[File:Honore V Monaco.gif|80px]]
| 16 February 1819
| 2 October 1841
| align="left"| 
*Son of Honoré IV
*Regent for his father since 3 March 1815
|-
! [[Florestan, Prince of Monaco|Florestan]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1785–1856)}}}}
| [[File:FlorestanI-1-.png|80px]]
| 2 October 1841
| 20 June 1856
| align="left"| 
*Son of Honoré IV
|-
! [[Charles III, Prince of Monaco|Charles III]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1818–1889)}}}}
| [[File:Karl III (Monaco).jpg|80px]]
| 20 June 1856
| 10 September 1889
| align="left"| 
*Son of Florestan
|-
! [[Albert I, Prince of Monaco|Albert I]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1848–1922)}}}}
| [[File:Prince Albert I of Monaco - circa 1910.jpg|80px]]
| 10 September 1889
| 26 June 1922
| align="left"| 
*Son of Charles III
|-
! [[Louis II, Prince of Monaco|Louis II]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1870–1949)}}}}
| [[File:Prince Louis II of Monaco 05670r.jpg|80px]]
| 26 June 1922
| 9 May 1949
| align="left"| 
*Son of Albert I
|-
! [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier III]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(1923–2005)}}}}
| [[File:Prince Rainier III.jpg|80px]]
| 9 May 1949
| 6 April 2005
| align="left"| 
*Grandson of Louis II
*From 31 March to 6 April 2005 under the regency of his son, [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert]]
|-
! [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Albert II]]<br>{{nobold|{{small|(born 1958)}}}}
| [[File:Prince Albert II of Monaco at the Enthronement of Naruhito (1).jpg|80px]]
| 6 April 2005
| Incumbent
| align="left"| 
*Son of Rainier III
*Regent for his father from 31 March to 6 April 2005
|}

==Timeline==
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  from: 1331 till: 1357 color:s
  from: 1357 till: 1395 color:w
  from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s
  from: 1395 till: 1397 color:w
  from: 1397 till: 1402 color:s
  from: 1402 till: 1419 color:w
  from: 1419 till: 1793 color:s
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  from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s text:"[[François Grimaldi|François]]"
  from: 1297 till: 1301 color:s text:"[[Rainier I of Monaco, Lord of Cagnes|Rainier I]]"
  from: 1301 till: 1331 color:w text:"[[Republic of Genoa]]"
  from: 1331 till: 1357 color:s text:"[[Charles I, Lord of Monaco|Charles I]]"
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  from: 1395 till: 1395 color:s text:"[[Jean I, Lord of Monaco|Jean I]]"
  from: 1395 till: 1397 color:w text:"[[Republic of Genoa]]"
  from: 1397 till: 1402 color:s text:"[[Louis, Lord of Monaco|Louis]]"
  from: 1402 till: 1419 color:w text:"[[Republic of Genoa]]"
  from: 1419 till: 1427 color:s text:"[[Ambroise, Lord of Monaco|Ambroise]]"
  from: 1419 till: 1427 color:s text:"[[Antoine, Lord of Monaco|Antoine]]"
  from: 1419 till: 1454 color:s text:"[[Jean I, Lord of Monaco|Jean I]]"
  from: 1454 till: 1457 color:s text:"[[Catalan, Lord of Monaco|Catalan]]"
  from: 1457 till: 1458 color:s text:"[[Claudine, Lady of Monaco|Claudine]]"
  from: 1458 till: 1494 color:s text:"[[Lamberto, Lord of Monaco|Lamberto]]"
  from: 1494 till: 1505 color:s text:"[[Jean II, Lord of Monaco|Jean II]]"
  from: 1505 till: 1523 color:s text:"[[Lucien, Lord of Monaco|Lucien]]"
  from: 1523 till: 1581 color:s text:"[[Honoré I, Lord of Monaco|Honoré I]]"
  from: 1581 till: 1589 color:s text:"[[Charles II, Lord of Monaco|Charles II]]"
  from: 1589 till: 1604 color:s text:"[[Ercole, Lord of Monaco|Ercole]]"
  from: 1604 till: 1662 color:s text:"[[Honoré II, Prince of Monaco|Honoré II]]"
  from: 1662 till: 1701 color:s text:"[[Louis I, Prince of Monaco|Louis I]]"
  from: 1701 till: 1731 color:s text:"[[Antonio I, Prince of Monaco|Antonio I]]"
  from: 1731 till: 1731 color:s text:"[[Louise Hippolyte, Princess of Monaco|Louise Hippolyte]]"
  from: 1731 till: 1733 color:s text:"[[Jacques I, Prince of Monaco|Jacques I]]"
  from: 1733 till: 1793 color:s text:"[[Honoré III, Prince of Monaco|Honoré III]]"
  from: 1793 till: 1804 color:w text:"[[First French Republic]]"
  from: 1804 till: 1814 color:w text:"[[First French Empire]]"
  from: 1814 till: 1819 color:s text:"[[Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco|Honoré IV]]"
  from: 1819 till: 1841 color:s text:"[[Honoré V, Prince of Monaco|Honoré V]]"
  from: 1841 till: 1856 color:s text:"[[Florestan, Lord of Monaco|Florestan]]"
  from: 1856 till: 1889 color:s text:"[[Charles III, Prince of Monaco|Charles III]]"
  from: 1889 till: 1922 color:s text:"[[Albert I, Prince of Monaco|Albert I]]"
  from: 1922 till: 1949 color:s text:"[[Louis II, Prince of Monaco|Louis II]]"
  from: 1949 till: 2005 color:s text:"[[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Rainier III]]"
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==See also==
{{History of Monaco}}
* [[Prince of Monaco]]
* [[Family tree of Monegasque monarchs]]
* [[Hereditary Prince of Monaco]]
* [[List of Monégasque consorts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
==Sources==
* ''Burke's Royal Families of the World, Vol. 1: Europe and Latin America''. London: Burke's Publishing Co., 1977. {{ISBN|0-85011-029-7}}
* {{cite web| author=Cahoon, Benjamin | title=Monaco | work=World Statesmen | url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Monaco.htm | access-date=16 March 2005}}
* {{cite web| author=Velde, François | title=Monaco | work=Heraldica | url=http://www.heraldica.org/topics/national/monaco.htm | access-date=25 March 2005}}

{{Princes of Monaco}}
{{Monaco topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rulers of Monaco}}
[[Category:Rulers of Monaco| ]]
[[Category:Lists of monarchs in Europe|Monaco]]
[[Category:Lists of princes|Monaco]]
[[Category:Monaco history-related lists]]