Editing List of presidents of Italy

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{multiple image
| perrow            = 2
| total_width       = 300
| image1            = Enrico De Nicola (cropped).jpg
| width1            = 635
| height1           = 800
| image2            = Antonio Segni Official 1962.jpg
| width2            = 1157
| height2           = 1480
| image3            = Presidente Napolitano.jpg
| width3            = 1900
| height3           = 2484
| image4 = Sergio Mattarella Official (cropped).jpg
| width4 = 1900
| height4 = 2470
| footer            = {{bulleted list
 |Top left: [[Enrico De Nicola]] was the first president of the Italian Republic.
 |Top right: [[Antonio Segni]] was the first president to resign from office.
 |Bottom left: [[Giorgio Napolitano]] was the first president to be re-elected.
 |Bottom right: [[Sergio Mattarella]] is the current president of the Italian Republic and the longest-serving president in Italian history.}}
| align             = 
| direction         = 
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = 
| caption2          = 
}}
The [[president of Italy]] ({{langx|it|Presidente della Repubblica}}) is the head of state of the Italian Republic. Since 1948, there have been 12 presidents of Italy. 

The official residence of the president is the [[Quirinal Palace]] in [[Rome]]. Among the Italian presidents, three came from [[Campania]] (all from [[Naples]]), three from [[Piedmont]], two each from [[Sardinia]] (both from [[Sassari]]) and from [[Tuscany]], one from [[Liguria]], and one from [[Sicily]]. No woman has ever held the office.

== Election ==
The president of the Republic is elected by Parliament in a joint session of the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]] and the [[Italian Senate|Senate]]. In addition, the 20 regions of Italy appoint 58 representatives as special electors. Three representatives come from each [[Regions of Italy|region]], save for the small [[Aosta Valley]] which appoints one, so as to guarantee representation for all localities and minorities.

According to the [[Constitution of Italy|Constitution]], the election must be held in the form of secret ballot, with all senators, all deputies and the 58 regional representatives all voting. A two-thirds vote is required to elect on any of the first three rounds of balloting and after that a majority suffices. The election is presided over by the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, who calls for the public counting of the votes. The vote is held in the ''[[Palazzo Montecitorio]]'', home of the [[Italian Chamber of Deputies|Chamber of Deputies]], which is expanded and re-configured for the event.

The president assumes office after having taken an oath before Parliament and delivering a presidential address. Presidents are elected to serve a seven-year term. [[Giorgio Napolitano]] was the first president to be elected to a second term in 2013, followed by [[Sergio Mattarella]] in 2022.
{{clear}}

== Presidents of the Italian Republic (1948–present) ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; style="width=85%"
|-
!colspan="9"|{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}}|[[Italian Liberal Party|PLI]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}}|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|DC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}|[[Italian Democratic Socialist Party|PSDI]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}}|[[Italian Socialist Party|PSI]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Democrats of the Left}}|[[Democrats of the Left|DS]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|-
! width=1% rowspan="2"| Portrait
! width=15% rowspan="2"| Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! width=20% colspan="2"| Term of office
! width=15% rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Party
! width=5% rowspan="2"|Election
! width=1% rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
! width=10%|Took office
! width=10%|Left office

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Enrico De Nicola (cropped).jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Enrico De Nicola]]'''<br />{{small|(1877–1959)}}
|class="nowrap"|1 January 1948{{efn|De Nicola was already [[List of presidents of Italy#Substitute of the head of state|provisional head of state]] since 1 July 1946.}}
|class="nowrap"|12 May 1948
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Italian Liberal Party]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1947 Italian presidential election|1947]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Denicola/den-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente De Nicola|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1948|1|1|1948|5|12}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Luigi Einaudi official portrait.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Luigi Einaudi]]'''<br />{{small|(1874–1961)}}
|class="nowrap"|12 May 1948
|class="nowrap"|11 May 1955
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Italian Liberal Party]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1948 Italian presidential election|1948]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Einaudi/ein-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Einaudi|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1948|5|12|1955|5|11}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Giovanni Gronchi Official.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Giovanni Gronchi]]'''<br />{{small|(1887–1978)}}
|class="nowrap"|11 May 1955
|class="nowrap"|11 May 1962
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1955 Italian presidential election|1955]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Gronchi/gro-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Gronchi|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1955|5|11|1962|5|11}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Antonio Segni Official 1962.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Antonio Segni]]'''<br />{{small|(1891–1972)}}
|class="nowrap"|11 May 1962
|class="nowrap"|6 December 1964{{efn|After suffering a serious cerebral hemorrhage, Segni resigned for health reasons, becoming the first president to do so.}}
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2| [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1962 Italian presidential election|1962]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Segni/seg-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Segni|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1962|5|11|1964|12|6}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Giuseppe Saragat (cropped).jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Giuseppe Saragat]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1988)}}
|class="nowrap"|29 December 1964
|class="nowrap"|29 December 1971
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Italian Democratic Socialist Party]]
!rowspan="2"style="font-weight:normal" |[[1964 Italian presidential election|1964]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Saragat/sar-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Saragat|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1964|12|29|1971|12|29}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Presidente Leone.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Giovanni Leone]]'''<br />{{small|(1908–2001)}}
|class="nowrap"|29 December 1971
|class="nowrap"|15 June 1978{{efn|After being involved in a [[Lockheed bribery scandals|bribery scandal]], Leone resigned.}}
|width="2" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1971 Italian presidential election|1971]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Leone/leo-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Leone|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1971|12|29|1978|6|15}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Sandro Pertini Official.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Sandro Pertini]]'''<br />{{small|(1896–1990)}}
|class="nowrap"|9 July 1978
|class="nowrap"|29 June 1985{{efn|name=speed|Resigned in order to bring forward the inauguration ceremony of the President-elect.}}
|width="2" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Italian Socialist Party]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1978 Italian presidential election|1978]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Pertini/per-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Pertini|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1978|7|9|1985|6|29}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Cossiga Francesco.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Francesco Cossiga]]'''<br />{{small|(1928–2010)}}
|class="nowrap"|3 July 1985
|class="nowrap"|28 April 1992{{efn|Cossiga resigned in order to favor the resolution of the political crisis after the [[1992 Italian general election|1992 general election]].}}
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1985 Italian presidential election|1985]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Cossiga/cos-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Cossiga|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1985|7|3|1992|4|28}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro portrait.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro]]'''<br />{{small|(1918–2012)}}
|class="nowrap"|28 May 1992
|class="nowrap"|15 May 1999{{efn|name=speed}}
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]{{efn|Scalfaro left the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] in 1992, when he was elected president. In 1994 the DC was disbanded and Scalfaro would never re-join a party.}}
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1992 Italian presidential election|1992]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Scalfaro/sca-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Scalfaro|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1992|5|28|1999|5|15}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Ciampi ritratto.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]'''<br />{{small|(1920–2016)}}
|class="nowrap"|18 May 1999
|class="nowrap"|15 May 2006{{efn|name=speed}}
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]{{efn|Ciampi was a member of the [[Action Party (Italy)|Action Party]], which was dissolved in 1947.}}
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1999 Italian presidential election|1999]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Ciampi/cia-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Ciampi|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1999|5|18|2006|5|15}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Presidente Napolitano.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Giorgio Napolitano]]'''<br />{{small|(1925–2023)}}
|class="nowrap"|15 May 2006
|class="nowrap"|14 January 2015{{efn|At 89 years old, Napolitano resigned due to age reasons.}}
|rowspan="2" width="1" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democrats of the Left}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Democrats of the Left]] /<br />[[Independent politician|Independent]]{{efn|Napolitano was a member of the [[Italian Communist Party]], of the [[Democratic Party of the Left]] and of the [[Democrats of the Left]] until his election as President in 2006.}}
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[2006 Italian presidential election|2006]] <hr> [[2013 Italian presidential election|2013]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://presidenti.quirinale.it/Napolitano/nap-biografia.htm|title=La biografia del Presidente Napolitano|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|2006|5|15|2015|1|14}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Sergio Mattarella Official (cropped).jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Sergio Mattarella]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1941)}}
|class="nowrap"|3 February 2015
|class="nowrap"|Incumbent
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]{{efn|Mattarella was a member of the [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]], of the [[Italian People's Party (1994)|Italian People's Party]], of [[Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy|The Daisy]] and of the [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]], but he quit political commitment when he left the Parliament in 2008.}}
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[2015 Italian presidential election|2015]] <hr> [[2022 Italian presidential election|2022]]
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.quirinale.it/page/biografia|title=La biografia del Presidente Mattarella|publisher=Presidenza della Repubblica italiana}}</ref>
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|2015|2|3}}
|}

=== Timeline ===
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize  = width:820 height:auto barincrement:18
PlotArea   = top:10 bottom:80 right:100 left:20
AlignBars  = late

Colors     =

  id:pli    value:rgb(0.161,0.459,0.761) legend:PLI
  id:dc     value:rgb(0.529,0.808,0.980) legend:DC
  id:psdi   value:rgb(0.999,0.509,0.509) legend:PSDI
  id:psi    value:rgb(0.929,0.157,0.333) legend:PSI
  id:ds     value:rgb(0.808,0.125,0.161) legend:DS
  id:ind    value:rgb(0.800,0.800,0.800) legend:Ind.
  id:gray1  value:gray(0.85)
  id:gray2  value:gray(0.95)
  id:grid   value:gray(0.5)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period     = from:01/01/1948 till:{{#time:d/m/Y}}
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1948
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1948

Legend     = columns:1 left:205 top:35 columnwidth:75

TextData   =
  pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M
  text:"Political parties:"

BarData    =
  
  bar:DeNicola
  bar:Einaudi
  bar:Gronchi
  bar:Segni
  bar:Saragat
  bar:Leone
  bar:Pertini
  bar:Cossiga
  bar:Scalfaro
  bar:Ciampi
  bar:Napolitano
  bar:Mattarella

PlotData   =
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

 bar:DeNicola
 from: 01/01/1948 till: 12/05/1948 color:pli  text:"[[Enrico De Nicola|De Nicola]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Einaudi
 from: 12/05/1948 till: 11/05/1955 color:pli  text:"[[Luigi Einaudi|Einaudi]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Gronchi
 from: 11/05/1955 till: 11/05/1962 color:dc   text:"[[Giovanni Gronchi|Gronchi]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Segni
 from: 11/05/1962 till: 06/12/1964 color:dc   text:"[[Antonio Segni|Segni]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Saragat
 from: 29/12/1964 till: 29/12/1971 color:psdi text:"[[Giuseppe Saragat|Saragat]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Leone
 from: 29/12/1971 till: 15/06/1978 color:dc   text:"[[Giovanni Leone|Leone]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Pertini
 from: 09/07/1978 till: 29/06/1985 color:psi  text:"[[Sandro Pertini|Pertini]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Cossiga
 from: 03/07/1985 till: 28/04/1992 color:dc   text:"[[Francesco Cossiga|Cossiga]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Scalfaro
 from: 28/05/1992 till: 15/05/1999 color:dc   text:"[[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro|Scalfaro]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Ciampi
 from: 18/05/1999 till: 15/05/2006 color:ind  text:"[[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi|Ciampi]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Napolitano
 from: 15/05/2006 till: 14/01/2015 color:ds   text:"[[Giorgio Napolitano|Napolitano]]" fontsize:10
 bar:Mattarella
 from: 03/02/2015 till: end        color:ind  text:"[[Sergio Mattarella|Mattarella]]" fontsize:10

}}

== Substitute of the head of state ==
The '''Acting President of the Republic''' ({{langx|it|Presidente supplente della Repubblica}}) is an office not explicitly provided for in the [[Constitution of Italy|Italian Constitution]], but deriving from the provision contained in the article 86.<ref>[https://www.brocardi.it/costituzione/parte-ii/titolo-ii/art86.html Articolo 86, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana], Brocardi</ref> On various occasions, officials had to intercede in the absence of a head of state (notably in the case of a president's resignation or ill health). Only [[Enrico De Nicola]], who was elected to be provisional head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1946, had an official title and took residence in the Quirinal Palace.<ref>[http://www.parlalex.it/pagina.asp?id=2823 Decreto legislativo luogotenenziale], parlalex.it</ref> The others took the powers, but not the title of Head of State. After the adoption of the Italian Constitution in 1948, the president of the Senate is eligible to take the powers of head of state in case of absence of the President of the Republic.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; style="width=85%"
|-
!colspan="8"|{{Legend2|{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}}|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|DC]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}}|[[Italian Liberal Party|PLI]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian Republican Party}}|[[Italian Republican Party|PRI]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Italian People's Party (1994)}}|[[Italian People's Party (1994)|PPI]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}}|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}{{nb5}}{{Legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Independent]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|-
! width=1% rowspan="2"| Portrait
! width=15% rowspan="2"| Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! width=20% colspan="2"| Term of office
! width=15% rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Party
! width=5% rowspan="2"|Election
! width=1% rowspan="2"|{{abbr|Ref.|References}}
|-
|- style="text-align:center;"
! width=10%|Took office
! width=10%|Left office

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Alcide de Gasperi 2.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Alcide De Gasperi]]'''<br />{{small|(1881–1954)}}
|class="nowrap"|13 June 1946
|class="nowrap"|1 July 1946
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —
|rowspan="2"|{{efn|De Gasperi exercised the powers of provisional head of state as [[Prime Minister of Italy]] between the departure of [[Umberto II of Italy|King Umberto II]] on 13 June 1946 and the proclamation of Enrico De Nicola as head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 1 July 1946.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1946|6|13|1946|7|1}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Enrico De Nicola (cropped).jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Enrico De Nicola]]'''<br />{{small|(1877–1959)}}
|class="nowrap"|1 July 1946
|class="nowrap"|31 December 1947
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Italian Liberal Party]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |[[1946 Italian presidential election|1946]] <hr> [[1947 Italian presidential election|1947]]
|rowspan="2"|{{efn|De Nicola was the only provisional president who had the title and not only the powers of provisional head of state. He assumed the office on 1 July 1946 and officially became the president of the Republic on 1 January 1948 as ordered by the new Constitution.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1946|7|1|1947|12|31}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Cesare Merzagora.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Cesare Merzagora]]'''<br />{{small|(1898–1991)}}
|class="nowrap"|6 December 1964
|class="nowrap"|29 December 1964
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Independent politician}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —
|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Merzagora, as President of the Senate, assumed temporary powers for President [[Antonio Segni]] after his cerebral hemorrhage of 10 August 1964 and assumed full powers after his resignation of 6 December and until 29 December 1964.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1964|12|6|1964|12|29}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Amintore Fanfani Senato.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Amintore Fanfani]]'''<br />{{small|(1908–1999)}}
|class="nowrap"|15 June 1978
|class="nowrap"|9 July 1978
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —
|rowspan=2"|{{efn|Fanfani, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President [[Giovanni Leone]] after his resignation for a bribery scandal on 15 June 1978. He exercised the powers until 9 July 1978.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1978|6|15|1978|7|9}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Cossiga Francesco.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Francesco Cossiga]]'''<br />{{small|(1928–2010)}}
|class="nowrap"|29 June 1985
|class="nowrap"|3 July 1985
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Christian Democracy (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —
|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Cossiga, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President [[Sandro Pertini]] on 29 June 1985, just four days before taking office as President.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1985|6|29|1985|7|3}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Giovanni Spadolini 2.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Giovanni Spadolini]]'''<br />{{small|(1925–1994)}}
|class="nowrap"|28 April 1992
|class="nowrap"|28 May 1992
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian Republican Party}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Italian Republican Party]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —
|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Spadolini, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President [[Francesco Cossiga]] on 28 April 1992. He exercised the powers until 28 May 1992.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1992|4|28|1992|5|28}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:Nicola Mancino 1996.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Nicola Mancino]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1931)}}
|class="nowrap"|15 May 1999
|class="nowrap"|18 May 1999
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Italian People's Party (1994)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Italian People's Party (1994)|Italian People's Party]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —
|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Mancino, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President [[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro]] on 15 May 1999. He exercised the powers until 18 May 1999.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|1999|5|15|1999|5|18}}

|- style="height:9em;"
!rowspan="2"|[[File:PresidentePietroGrasso.jpg|110px]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" |'''[[Pietro Grasso]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1945)}}
|class="nowrap"|14 January 2015
|class="nowrap"|3 February 2015
|width="1" rowspan="2" style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Democratic Party (Italy)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|[[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]]
!rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" | —
|rowspan="2"|{{efn|Grasso, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President [[Giorgio Napolitano]] on 14 January 2015. He exercised the powers until 3 February 2015.}}
|- style="height:4em;"
|colspan="2"|{{age in years and days|2015|1|14|2015|2|3}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[Lists of office-holders]]
* [[King of Italy]], for previous Italian heads of state between 1861 and 1946
* [[List of prime ministers of Italy]]
* [[Politics of Italy]]
* [[Prime Minister of Italy]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{in lang|it}} [http://www.quirinale.it/ {{lang|it|Presidenza della Repubblica}}] – official site of the president of Italian Republic
{{Commons category|Presidents of Italy}}
{{Italian Presidents}}
{{Italy topics}}
{{portalbar|Italy|politics}}

[[Category:Lists of national presidents|Italy]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Italy|Presidents]]
[[Category:Presidents of Italy|*List]]
[[Category:History of the Italian Republic]]
[[Category:Italy politics-related lists|Presidents]]

[[it:Presidenti della Repubblica Italiana#Elenco dei presidenti della Repubblica Italiana]]