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{{Short description|None}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}} [[File:Casa-narino-1-fachada.jpg|thumb|The [[House of Nariño]], the president's official residence and centre of the administration|320x320px]] Under the [[Colombian Constitution of 1991]], the [[president of Colombia]] is the [[head of state]] and [[head of government]] of the [[Republic of Colombia]]. As chief of the executive branch and head of the [[Government of Colombia|national government]] as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in Colombia by influence and recognition. The president is also the [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Military Forces of Colombia]]. The president is [[direct election|directly elected]] to a four-year [[Term of office|term]] in a [[Universal suffrage|popular]] [[election]]. Since the passing of the ''Legislative Act 2 of 2004'', no person may be elected president more than twice.<ref name="Colombia, Congress of">{{cite journal|title=Acto Legislativo 2 de 2004|journal=Diario Oficial|volume=45|date=27 December 2004|issue=775|url=http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/cp/acto_legislativo_02_2004.html|access-date=23 November 2012|author=Colombia, Congress of|trans-title=Legislative Act 2 of 2004|publisher=[[National Printing Office of Colombia|National Printing Office]]|location=Bogotá|language=es|issn=0122-2112|oclc=500057889|author-link=Congress of Colombia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520102343/http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/cp/acto_legislativo_02_2004.html|archive-date=2012-05-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, a constitutional amendment repealed the 2004 changes and reverted to the original one-term limit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Constitución Política de 1991 (Artículo 197)|url=http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/constitucion_politica_1991_pr006.html#197|publisher=Secretaría General del Senado}}</ref> Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the [[Vice President of Colombia|vice president]] assumes the office. The president must be at least 30 years of age and a "natural born" citizen of Colombia. ==List of Presidents during the War of Independence== === Pre-independence period (1810–1819) === Although Colombia has historically been considered an independent country since 1819, the quality of "president" of Colombia of the leaders who governed the current South American country before the Independence of Spain was consolidated is equally accepted. The following is a list of those rulers prior to 1819, considered official by various sources in the country such as the Museum of the Bank of the Republic. The following were the leaders who exercised executive power during the First Republic, either as presidents of the Supreme Junta of Santa Fe (1810–1811), presidents of the State of Cundinamarca (1811–1814) (in red) or presidents of the Congress of the United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816), the last two states in dispute. === Supreme Governing Junta of Santa Fe in New Granada (1810–1811) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="9" | [[File:Flag of the Revolution of 1810 (New Granada).png|30x30px]] • [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|New Kingdom of Granada]] • [[File:Coat of Arms of Bogota.svg|36x36px]] |- ! No. ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party !Monarch |- |'''1''' | [[File:Amar borbon.jpg|138x138px]] | [[Antonio José Amar y Borbón]]<br /><small>(1742–1826)</small><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2024 |title=Antonio Amar y Borbón |url=https://enciclopedia.banrepcultural.org/index.php?title=Antonio_Amar_y_Borb%C3%B3n |access-date=2 December 2024 |website=Enciclopedia Banrepcultural |publisher=[[Bank of the Republic (Colombia)]]}}</ref> | 1810 | 20 July 1810 | 25 July 1810 |{{Age in years and days|1810|July|20|1810|July|25}} | ''None''<br /><small>(Royalist)</small> |[[Ferdinand VII]]<br /><small>''(de jure)''</small> |- |'''2''' |[[File:José Miguel Pey.jpg|135x135px]] | [[José Miguel Pey]]<br /><small>(1763–1838)</small> | 1810 | 25 July 1810 | 1 April 1811 |{{Age in years and days|1810|July|25|1811|April|1}} | ''None''<br /><small>(Centralist)</small> |[[Ferdinand VII]]<br /><small>''(de jure)''</small> |} === Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (1811–1814) === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="10" | [[File:Flag of Cundinamarca.svg|30x30px]] • [[Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca]] • [[File:Escudo de Cundinamarca.svg|29x29px]] |- ! No. ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party !Acting presidents !Monarch |- |'''1''' | [[File:Lozajorg.jpg|134x134px]] | [[Jorge Tadeo Lozano]]<br /><small>(1771–1816)</small> | 1811 | 1 April 1811 | 29 September 1811 |{{Age in years and days|1811|April|1|1811|September|29}} | ''None''<br /><small>(Centralist)</small> |''<small>None</small>'' |[[Ferdinand VII]]<br /><small>''(de jure: 1811–1813)''</small> |- | rowspan="5" |'''2''' | rowspan="5" |[[File:Antonio Nariño por José María Espinosa.jpg|149x149px]] | rowspan="5" |[[Antonio Nariño]]<br /><small>(1765–1823)</small> | rowspan="5" |1811 | rowspan="5" |30 September 1811 | rowspan="5" |13 August 1813 | rowspan="5" |{{Age in years and days|1811|September|30|1813|August|13}} | rowspan="5" |''None''<br /><small>(Centralist)</small> |<small>[[Manuel Benito de Castro]]</small><br /><small>(25 June 1812–5 August 1812)</small> | rowspan="4" |[[Ferdinand VII]]<br /><small>''(de jure: 1811–1813)''</small> |- |<small>[[Luis de Ayala y Vergara|Luís de Ayala y Vergara]]</small><br /><small>(25 June 1812–5 August 1812)</small> |- |<small>[[Felipe de Vergara Azcárate]]</small><br /><small>(26 November 1812–14 December 1812)</small> |- |<small>José María Arrubla</small><br /><small>(26 November 1812–13 December 1812)</small> |- |''<small>None</small>'' |''None''<br /><small>''(Independence: 1813–1814)''</small> |- |'''3''' |[[File:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez.jpg|120x120px]] |[[Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal|Manuel Bernardo Álvarez]]<br /><small>(1743–1816)</small> |1813 |13 August 1813 |12 December 1814 |{{Age in years and days|1813|August|13|1814|December|12}} |''None''<br /><small>(Centralist)</small> |''<small>None</small>'' |''None''<br /><small>''(Independence: 1813–1814)''</small> |} === United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816) === [[File:Coat of arms of United Provinces of New Granada.svg|right|frameless]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+[[United Provinces of New Granada]] !No. !Portrait !Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} !Took office !Left office !'''Time in office''' |- |'''1''' |[[File:José Miguel Pey.jpg|center|frameless|136x136px]] |[[José Miguel Pey de Andrade|José Miguel Pey]] |25 July 1810 |1 April 1811 |{{Age in years and days|1810|July|25|1811|April|1}} |- |'''2''' |[[File:Tadeo1.jpg|center|frameless|137x137px]] |[[Jorge Tadeo Lozano]] |24 March 1811 |29 September 1811 |{{Age in years and days|1811|March|24|1811|September|29}} |- |'''3''' |[[File:Antonio Nariño (Ramón Torres Méndez, 1860).jpg|center|frameless|125x125px]] |[[Antonio Nariño|Antonio Nariño y Álvarez]] |30 September 1811 |27 October 1812 |{{Age in years and days|1811|September|30|1812|October|27}} |- |'''-''' | |Pedro Groot y Alea |23 December 1811 |24 December 1811 |1 day |- | rowspan="2" |'''4''' | |[[Luis de Ayala y Vergara]] |25 June 1812 |5 August 1812 |{{Age in years and days|1812|June|25|1812|August|5}} |- |[[File:Mbenitocastro.jpg|center|frameless|149x149px]] |[[Manuel Benito de Castro|Manuel Benito de Castro Arcaya]] |19 August 1812 |12 September 1812 |{{Age in years and days|1812|August|19|1812|September|12}} |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD |'''5''' |[[File:Antonio Narino - LABLAA.jpg|center|frameless|122x122px]] |[[Antonio Nariño|Antonio Nariño y Álvarez]] & State Council |27 October 1812 |31 August 1813 |{{Age in years and days|1812|October|27|1813|August|31}} |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD | rowspan="3" |'''6''' | |José María Arrubia y Martínez |26 November 1812 |14 December 1812 |{{Age in years and days|1812|November|26|1812|December|14}} |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD | |Juan Dionisio Gamba y Ureña |26 November 1812 |14 December 1812 |{{Age in years and days|1812|November|26|1812|December|14}} |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD |[[File:Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo.jpg|center|frameless|125x125px]] |[[Felipe de Vergara Azcarate y Caycedo|Felipe de Vergara Azcárate y Caycedo]] |26 November 1812 |14 December 1812 |{{Age in years and days|1812|November|26|1812|December|14}} |- bgcolor=#FFCDCD |'''7''' |[[File:Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez.jpg|center|frameless|122x122px]] |[[Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal|Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez]] |13 August 1813 |12 December 1814 |{{Age in years and days|1813|August|13|1814|December|12}} |- |'''8''' |[[File:Camilo Torres y Tenorio.jpg|center|frameless|130x130px]] |[[Camilo Torres Tenorio]] |27 October 1812 |5 October 1814 |{{Age in years and days|1812|October|27|1814|October|5}} |- bgcolor=#dcdcdc | rowspan="9" |'''9''' | |'''[[Triumvirate]]''' |5 October 1814 |15 November 1815 | |- | |[[José María del Castillo y Rada]] |5 October 1814 |25 January 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1814|October|5|1815|January|25}} |- |[[File:José Fernández Madrid.jpg|center|frameless|164x164px]] |[[José Fernández Madrid]] |5 October 1814 |25 January 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1814|October|5|1815|January|25}} |- |[[File:Joaquin Camacho.jpg|center|frameless|137x137px]] |[[Joaquín Camacho|José Joaquín Camacho]] |5 October 1814 |25 January 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1814|October|5|1815|January|25}} |- |[[File:García Rovira.jpg|center|frameless|136x136px]] |[[Custodio García Rovira]] |26 November 1814 |25 March 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1814|November|26|1815|March|25}} |- |[[File:José Miguel Pey.jpg|center|frameless|136x136px]] |[[José Miguel Pey de Andrade|José Miguel Pey]] |25 March 1815 |15 November 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1815|March|25|1815|November|15}} |- |[[File:Rodrtori.jpg|center|frameless|131x131px]] |[[Manuel Rodríguez Torices]] |28 July 1815 |15 November 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1815|July|28|1815|November|15}} |- |[[File:Crisanto Valenzuela y Conde.jpg|center|frameless|144x144px]] |Crisanto Valenzuela |25 July 1815 |17 August 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1815|July|25|1815|August|17}} |- |[[File:Antonio Villavicencio.jpg|center|frameless|136x136px]] |[[Antonio Villavicencio|Antonio Villavicencio y Verastegui]] |17 August 1815 |15 November 1815 |{{Age in years and days|1815|August|17|1815|November|15}} |- |'''10''' |[[File:Camilo Torres.JPG|center|frameless|127x127px]] |[[Camilo Torres Tenorio]] |15 November 1815 |14 March 1816 |{{Age in years and days|1815|November|15|1816|March|14}} |- |'''11''' |[[File:Fernjose.jpg|center|frameless|136x136px]] |[[José Fernández Madrid]] |14 March 1816 |22 June 1816 |{{Age in years and days|1816|March|14|1816|June|22}} |- |'''12''' |[[File:Mejilibo.jpg|center|frameless|136x136px]] |[[Liborio Mejía|Liborio Mejía Gutiérrez]] |22 June 1816 |30 June 1816 |{{Age in years and days|1816|June|22|1816|June|30}} |- |'''13''' |[[File:García Rovira.jpg|center|frameless|136x136px]] |[[Custodio García Rovira]] |30 June 1816 |10 July 1816 |{{Age in years and days|1816|June|30|1816|July|10}} |- |'''14''' |[[File:Fi 53 Serrano, Fernando.jpg|center|frameless|146x146px]] |[[Fernando Serrano|Fernando Serrano Uribe]] |16 July 1816 |16 September 1816 |{{Age in years and days|1816|July|16|1816|September|16}} |- | | |Spain Retakes the Territory |1816 |1819 | |} == Official List of Presidents == ===Republic of Colombia (1819–1831)=== [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia.svg|right|frameless|237x237px]]This list includes those persons who were sworn into or forcibly took the office of president of the [[Gran Colombia|Republic of Colombia]] following the passing of the Colombian [[Constitution of Cúcuta]], which took effect on 30 August 1821. The Republic of Colombia of 1821–1831 is now commonly referred to as the ''[[Gran Colombia]]'' to differentiate it from the present-day [[Republic of Colombia]]. Gran Colombia was the union of the territories that comprised the [[Viceroyalty of the New Granada]] under the ''[[Uti possidetis juris|uti possidetis]]'' principle, and it included the political entities that had formed in the New Granada after the initial [[Spanish American wars of independence|wars of independence of 1810]] against the [[Kingdom of Spain (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Spain]] under King [[Joseph Bonaparte|Joseph I]]; those included the [[Second Republic of Venezuela]], the [[United Provinces of New Granada]], the [[Presidency of Quito]], and the [[Royal Audiencia of Panama]].[[File:Coat of arms of Gran Colombia (1821).svg|right|frameless|204x204px]]The presidency dates back to the [[Congress of Angostura]]. This quasi-[[constituent assembly]] was formed to lay the ground work for a self-ruled governing administration after independence. The Constituent Assembly was formed by regional leaders that represented areas under rebel control; these areas did not include parts of what is now Colombia, as those areas were still under Spanish control, but aimed to legislate on its behalf. Congress elected an interim-executive officer and vested this figure with the title of [[President (government title)|president]]. Chosen to be first president of Colombia, was General [[Simón Bolívar y Palacios]], leader of the revolutionary forces, who up to that point was titled "Supreme Chief" for his role in the revolution. The following day, Congress elected [[Francisco Antonio Zea Díaz]], first vice president of Colombia. Bolívar was subsequently re-elected interim president by the Angostura Assembly on {{nowrap|17 December 1819}} after Colombia was conquered following the [[Battle of Boyacá]], and elected again in 1821 in a permanent interim basis, pending national elections, by the [[Congress of Cúcuta]], another constituent assembly mandated by the Angostura Assembly, and this time with elected officials representing the Colombian territories, during this time, and until 1826, the executive power was entrusted to the vice president [[Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña]], while Bolívar was away in battle fighting to liberate Spanish colonies in Bolivia, and Peru. Bolívar was formally elected in a national election in 1826 for a period of four years, but on 27 August 1828, Bolívar declared [[martial law]] and assumed [[dictatorship]] style powers after the Congress of Ocaña failed to pass a new constitution. Bolívar eventually relinquished power in 1830, and Congress elected [[Joaquín de Mosquera y Arboleda]] as his successor, but was shortly deposed by General [[Rafael Urdaneta y Faría]] who hoped Bolívar would once again re-take power, but Bolívar not only declined the presidency, but also shortly died, leaving Urdaneta with no mandate for power. Urdaneta ceded executive-power to the vice president [[Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría]], as Congress had impeached Mosquera for his failure to prevent the coup; during this time, and until 1832 the presidency remained vacant as there was no law for succession of power. In 1832, former vice president Santander was elected by Congress as president of Gran Colombia, and it would be the last, since the territories of Venezuela and Ecuador broke away, which prompted the drafting of a new constitution. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="10" | [[File:Flag of the Gran Colombia (1819-1820).svg|30px]] • [[Gran Colombia|Republic of Colombia]] • [[File:Coat of arms of Gran Colombia (1819).svg|30px]] |- ! No.<br /><ref group="n" name="num"/> ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party ! [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]] ! Acting presidents<ref group="n" name="interim"/> |- | rowspan="8" |'''1''' | rowspan="8" | [[File:Bolivar Arturo Michelena.jpg|200x200px]] | rowspan="8" | [[Simon Bolivar|Simón<br />Bolívar y Palacios]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Rafael Núñez Moledo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131454/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/gc_01.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/gc_01.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="5" | [[1819 Colombian presidential election|1819]] | rowspan="8" | 15 February 1819 | rowspan="8" | 4 May 1830<br /><ref group="n" name="resigned" /> | rowspan="8" |{{Age in years and days|1819|February|15|1830|May|4}} | rowspan="8" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | [[Francisco Antonio Zea Díaz|Francisco Antonio<br />Zea Díaz]]<br />{{small|(16 February 1819–21 March 1820)}}<ref group="n" name="resigned" /> | rowspan="8" | [[File:Francisco de Paula Santander (painting by José María Espinosa).jpg|center|frameless|132x132px]]{{small|[[Francisco de Paula Santander|Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña]]<br />{{small|(13 December 1821–14 November 1826)}}<br />[[Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría]]<br />{{small|(10 November 1829–10 December 1829)}}}}[[File:Estanislaopresidente.png|center|frameless|142x142px]] |- | [[Juan Germán Roscio Nieves|Juan Germán<br />Roscio Nieves]]<br />{{small|(21 March 1820–10 March 1821)}}<ref group="n" name="died"/> |- | ''vacant''<br />{{small|(10 March 1821–4 April 1821)}} |- | [[Antonio Nariño|Antonio<br />Nariño y Álvarez]]<br />{{small|(4 April 1821–6 June 1821)}}<ref group="n" name="resigned" /> |- | [[José María del Castillo y Rada|José María<br />del Castillo y Rada]]<br />{{small|(6 June 1821–3 October 1821)}} |- | [[1821 Colombian presidential election|1821]] | [[Francisco de Paula Santander|Francisco de Paula<br />Santander y Omaña]]<br />{{small|(3 October 1821–27 August 1828)}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[1825 Colombian presidential election|1825]] | [[Francisco de Paula Santander|Francisco de Paula<br />Santander y Omaña]]<br />{{small|(3 October 1821–27 August 1828)}} |- | ''vacant''<br />{{small|(27 August 1828– 4 May 1830)}} |- | '''2''' | [[File:JoaquínMosquera2.jpg|137x137px]] | [[Joaquín Mosquera|Joaquín <br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Rafael Núñez Moledo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020133442/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/gc_03.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/gc_03.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1830 Colombian presidential election|1830]] | 4 May 1830 | 4 September 1830 |{{Age in years and days|1830|May|4|1830|September|4}} | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | [[Domingo Caycedo|Domingo<br />Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría]]<br />{{small|(4 May 1830–4 September 1830)}} | [[File:Óleo de Domingo Caycedo.jpg|center|frameless|100x100px]]{{small|[[Domingo Caycedo|Domingo Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría]]<br />{{small|(4 May 1830–15 June 1830)<br />(2 August 1830–18 August 1830)}}}} |- | '''3''' | [[File:Rafael urdaneta.jpg|111x111px]] | [[Rafael Urdaneta|Rafael<br />Urdaneta y Faría]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Rafael Urdaneta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131705/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/gc_04.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/gc_04.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | 4 September 1830<br /><ref group="n" name="coup"/> | 30 April 1831 |{{Age in years and days|1830|September|4|1831|April|30}} | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | ''suspended''<br />{{small|(4 September 1830–30 April)}} | |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | ''vacant'' | | rowspan="2" | 30 April 1831 | rowspan="2" | 10 March 1832 | | rowspan="2" | no party | colspan="2" | [[File:Domingo Caycedo Sanz de Santamaría.png|center|frameless|130x130px]][[Domingo Caycedo|Domingo<br />Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría]]<br />{{small|(30 April 1831–21 November 1831)}} |- | | | colspan="2" | [[File:José María Obando del Campo.jpg|center|frameless|130x130px]][[José María Obando|José María<br />Obando del Campo]]<br />{{small|(21 November–10 March 1832)}} |- | '''4''' | [[File:Santander by Acevedo Bernal.jpg|150x150px]] | [[Francisco de Paula Santander|Francisco de Paula<br />Santander y Omaña]]<br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Francisco de Paula Santander |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131330/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_06.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_06.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1832 Colombian presidential election|1832]] | 10 March 1832 | 1 April 1837 |{{Age in years and days|1832|March|10|1837|April|1}} | no party | [[José Ignacio de Márquez|José Ignacio<br />de Márquez Barreto]]<br />{{small|(10 March 1832–1 April 1833)}} | {{small|[[José Ignacio de Márquez|José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto]]<br />{{small|(10 March 1832–7 October 1832)}}}} |} ===Republic of New Granada (1832–1858)=== This list includes those persons who were sworn into or forcibly took the office of president of the [[Republic of New Granada]] following the passing of the [[Republic of New Granada#Colombian Constitution of 1832|Colombian Constitution of 1832]], which took effect on 26 November 1832. There were 8 people in office serving a presidency each. All were popularly elected under an [[electoral college]] system except one, [[José María Melo y Ortiz]] who took power by mounting a ''[[coup d'état]]''. [[Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña]], the first president, served initially on a provisional basis but in 1833 began a regular four-year term as president of the Republic of New Granada, to which he was popularly elected. Santander spent the longest time in office with 5 years and 22 days. [[José María Obando del Campo]] spent the shortest time in office with just 1 year and 6 days before being deposed. The president and the vice president were elected separately two years apart for a period of four years each, resulting in a president having two vice presidents given normal circumstances. The Colombian Constitution of 1832, just like its predecessor, did not provide for a way to fill a vacancy in the presidency or the vicepresidency until the next electoral period, because of this the presidency was vacant between 1854 and 1857 when Melo, who had deposed President Obando in a coup, handed power to the previous administration; Obando would have taken back the presidency, but he had been [[impeached]] by Congress and hence there was no president to take power. During this time Vice President [[José de Obaldía y Orejuela]] served as acting president until the end of his term, at which point the newly elected vice president [[Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen]] served as acting president for the remainder of the term Obando had been elected for until 1857 when [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]] was elected. The vice presidency was also vacant between 1837 and 1839, when Vice President [[José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto]] was elected president and the post remained vacant until the next vice presidencial election in 1839. ;; Political parties {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}}|[[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}}|[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="10" | [[File:Flag of New Granada.svg|30px]] • [[Republic of New Granada]] • [[File:Coat of arms of New Granada.svg|30px]] |- ! No.<br /><ref group="n" name="num"/> ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party ! [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]] ! Acting presidents<ref group="n" name="interim"/> |- | rowspan="3" | '''1''' | rowspan="3" | [[File:Santander by Acevedo Bernal.jpg|149x149px]] | rowspan="3" | [[Francisco de Paula Santander|Francisco de Paula<br />Santander y Omaña]]<br /><small>(1792–1840)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Francisco de Paula Santander |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131330/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_06.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_06.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1832 Colombian presidential election|1832]] | rowspan="3" | 10 March 1832 | rowspan="3" | 1 April 1837 | rowspan="3" |{{Age in years and days|1832|March|10|1837|April|1}} | rowspan="3" | [[Independent politician|Independent]] | [[José Ignacio de Márquez|José Ignacio<br />de Márquez Barreto]]<br /><small>(10 March 1832–1 April 1833)</small> | rowspan="3" | <small>[[José Ignacio de Márquez|José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto]]</small><br /><small>(10 March 1832–7 October 1832)</small> |- | rowspan="2" | [[1833 Colombian presidential election|1833]] | [[Joaquín Mosquera|Joaquín Mariano<br />Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1 April 1833–1 April 1835)</small> |- | [[José Ignacio de Márquez|José Ignacio<br />de Márquez Barreto]]<br /><small>(1 April 1835–1 April 1837)</small> |- | rowspan="2" | '''2''' | rowspan="2" | [[File:José Ignacio de Márquez en 1840 por José María Espinosa.jpg|153x153px]] | rowspan="2" | [[José Ignacio de Márquez|José Ignacio<br />de Márquez Barreto]]<br /><small>(1793–1880)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of José Ignacio de Márquez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132748/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_07.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_07.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="2" | [[1837 Colombian presidential election|1837]] | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1837 | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1841 | rowspan="2" |4 years | rowspan="2" | [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /><small>(Ministerials)</small> | ''vacant''<br /><small>(1 April 1837–1 April 1839)</small> | rowspan="2" bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- | rowspan="2" | [[Domingo Caycedo|Domingo<br />Caycedo y Sanz de Santamaría]]<br /><small>(1 April 1839–1 April 1843)</small> |- | rowspan="2" | '''3''' | rowspan="2" | [[File:General Pedro Alcántara Herrán.jpg|141x141px]] | rowspan="2" | [[Pedro Alcántara Herrán|Pedro Alcántara<br />Herrán Martínez]]<br /><small>(1800–1872)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Pedro Alcántara Herrán |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020133546/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_08.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_08.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="2" | [[1841 Colombian presidential election|1841]] | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1841 | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1845 | rowspan="2" |4 years | rowspan="2" | [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /><small>(Ministerials)</small> | rowspan="2" | <small>[[Juan de Dios Aranzazu González]]</small><br /><small>(5 July 1841–19 May 1842)</small> |- |rowspan="2" | [[:es:Joaquín Gori|Joaquín José<br />Gori y Álvarez de Castro]]<br /><small>(1 April 1843–1 April 1847)</small> |- |rowspan="2" | '''4''' |rowspan="2" | [[File:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG|139x139px]] |rowspan="2" | [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera|Tomás Cipriano<br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1798–1878)</small><br /><ref name=mosquera>{{cite web |title=Biography of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130156/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_19.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_19.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="2" | [[1845 Colombian presidential election|1845]] | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1845 |rowspan="2" | 1 April 1849 | rowspan="2" |4 years | rowspan="2" | [[Independent politician|Independent]]<br /><small>(Ministerials)</small> |rowspan="2" | <small>[[Rufino Cuervo y Barreto]]</small><br /><small>(14 August 1847–14 December 1847)</small> |- |rowspan="2" | [[Rufino Cuervo y Barreto|Rufino<br />Cuervo y Barreto]]<br /><small>(1 April 1847–1 April 1851)</small> |- |rowspan="2" ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|'''5'''}} |rowspan="2" | [[File:Litografía de José Hilario López.jpg|141x141px]] |rowspan="2" | [[José Hilario López|José Hilario<br />López Valdéz]]<br /><small>(1798–1869)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of José Hilario López |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132224/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_10.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_10.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="2" | [[1849 Colombian presidential election|1849]] | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1849 |rowspan="2" | 1 April 1853 | rowspan="2" |4 years | rowspan="2" | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] |rowspan="2" bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- |rowspan="4" | [[José de Obaldía y Orejuela|José<br />de Obaldía y Orejuela]]<br /><small>(1 April 1851–1 April 1855)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|6}} | [[File:José María Obando.jpg|140x140px]] | [[José María Obando|José María<br />Obando del Campo]]<br /><small>(1795–1861)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of José María Obando del Campo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131015/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_11.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_11.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1853 Colombian presidential election|1853]] | 1 April 1853 | 17 April 1854 |{{Age in years and days|1853|April|1|1854|April|17}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|7}} | [[File:Presidente josé maria melo colombia.png|136x136px]] | [[José María Melo|José María<br />Melo y Ortiz]]<br /><small>(1800–1860)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of José María Melo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130819/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_12.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_12.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |— | 17 April 1854<br /><ref group="n" name="coup"/> | 4 December 1854 |{{Age in years and days|1854|April|17|1854|December|4}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Draconians)</small> | <small>[[Francisco Antonio Obregón Muñoz]]</small><br /><small>(20 May 1854–2 June 1854)</small> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | ''vacant'' | | rowspan="2" | 4 December 1854 | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1857 | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | <small>[[José de Obaldía y Orejuela]]</small><br /><small>(5 August 1854–1 April 1855)</small><br /><small>[[Manuel María Mallarino|Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen]]</small><br /><small>(1 April 1855–1 April 1857)</small> |- | | | rowspan="2" | [[Manuel María Mallarino|Manuel María<br />Mallarino Ibargüen]]<br /><small>(1 April 1855–1 April 1859)</small> |- ! rowspan="2" style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|8}} | rowspan="2" | [[File:Presidente Mariano Ospina Rodríguez.png|135x135px]] | rowspan="2" | [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez|Mariano<br />Ospina Rodríguez]]<br /><small>(1805–1885)</small><br /><ref name=ospina>{{cite web |title=Mariano Ospina Rodríguez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132454/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_15.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/ng_15.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="2" | [[1857 Colombian presidential election|1857]] | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1857 | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1861 | rowspan="2" |4 years | rowspan="2" | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] | rowspan="2" bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2"/> |} ===Granadine Confederation (1858–1863)=== This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as President of the [[Granadine Confederation]] following the passing of the [[Granadine Confederation#Constitution of 1858|Colombian Constitution of 1858]], which took effect on 22 May 1858. The Constitution of 1858 abolished the Office of the Vice Presidency. The line of succession was modified by the introduction of the figures of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd [[Presidential Designate]]s, who were elected annually by Congress amongst its members, but held no office or duties other than providing a succession to the presidency in the event of the president's temporal or permanent absence. There were only 3 people in office who served a presidency each. [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]] initially took office in 1857 as the 8th and last president of the [[Republic of New Granada]]. In 1861 [[Julio Arboleda Pombo]] became the first person to be elected President of the Granadine Confederation under the new [[electoral college]] system set up by the new constitution, however during this time the country was going through a [[Colombian Civil War (1860–1862)|civil war]] and Congress was closed down. Furthermore, according to the new constitution the president had to take office before Congress; since this couldn't happen, Pombo could not take office and did not become the president. When Ospina's term ended on 1 April 1861, with no congress to swear in the elected president, the power would have been transferred to one of the Presidential Designates, however with Congress closed down no designates were elected for that year, and with no designates to succeed Ospina, the presidency was handed out to the next person in the line of succession which was the [[Office of the Inspector General of Colombia|Inspector General]], [[Bartolomé Calvo Díaz]]. Calvo's presidential tenure was short; within three months of holding the post, General [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda]], leader of the Liberal forces, marched into Bogotá deposing Calvo in a ''[[coup d'état]]''. Giving the great animosity between [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservatives]] and [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberals]] at the time of the 1860-62 civil war, another thing that marked this period in regards to the presidency was that there were multiple attempts to undermine the government in power by laying claims on the presidency using various arguments. The first one of these was the Liberal General [[Juan José Nieto Gil]], who claimed the presidency by disregarding the legitimacy of Ospina and claiming power in virtue of being the second presidential designate; he finally ceded power to his fellow Liberal General, Mosquera, when he took power in Bogotá. Mosquera had also claimants to the presidency in opposition to him. Julio Arboleda Pombo who was elected president but could not take office was appointed inspector general by President Calvo when he was in power, thus when Mosquera captured him, Arboleda claimed the presidency as the next in theline of succession to Calvo, even though that by this time the government and city had fallen, and the Conservative administration had fled the capital. After Arboleda was also captured by Mosquera a few days after Calvo was taken prisoner, the Secretary of Finance, [[Ignacio Gutierrez Vergara]], succeeded Arboleda to the claimed presidency as next in the line of succession being the oldest government secretary of the previous administration. When Gutiérrez was captured by Mosquera, the next in line of succession by age was the Secretary of Government and War, General [[:es:Leonardo Canal|Leonardo Canal González]]. As pretender to presidency, he moved the capital of the nation to [[Pasto (Colombia)|Pasto]], where he led the Conservative Government in exile. In 1862 Canal left to fight the Liberal forces and left [[Manuel del Río y de Narváez]], his Secretary of Government and War, as acting president of the government-in-exile. This struggle for power all came to an end in 1863 when del Río finally capitulated to Mosquera presenting the surrender of the government-in-exile and recognising the presidency of Mosquera bringing the civil war to an end. ;; Political parties {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}}|[[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}}|[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="11" | [[File:Flag of New Granada.svg|30px]] • [[Granadine Confederation]] • [[File:Coat of arms of New Granada.svg|30px]] |- ! No.<br /><ref group="n" name="num"/> ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party ! [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]] ! Acting presidents<ref group="n" name="interim"/> ! Acting in Rebellion |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|1}} | [[File:Presidente Mariano Ospina Rodríguez.png|136x136px]] | [[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez|Mariano<br />Ospina Rodríguez]]<br /><small>(1805–1885)</small><br /><ref name=ospina/> | [[1857 Colombian presidential election|1857]] | 1 April 1857 | 1 April 1861 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2"/> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa | | rowspan=2|<small>[[Juan José Nieto Gil]]<br />(25 January 1861–18 July 1861)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|2}} | [[File:Bartolomé Calvo.jpg|136x136px]] | [[Bartolomé Calvo|Bartolomé<br />Calvo Díaz]]<br /><small>(1815–1889)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132841/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/cg_17.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/cg_17.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1861 Colombian presidential election|1861]] | 1 April 1861 | 18 July 1861 |{{Age in years and days|1861|April|1|1861|July|18}} | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2"/> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|3}} |[[File:Juan José Nieto Gil Oleo.jpg|136x136px]] |[[Juan José Nieto Gil]] (1804–1866) |— |25 January 1861 |18 July 1861 |{{Age in years and days|1861|January|25|1861|July|18}} |[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | colspan="2" | | |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|4}} | [[File:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG|139x139px]] | [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera|Tomás Cipriano<br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1798–1878)</small><br /><ref name="mosquera" /> |— | 18 July 1861<br /><ref group="n" name="coup" /> | 4 February 1863 |{{Age in years and days|1861|July|18|1863|February|4}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2" /> | <small>[[Andrés Cerón Serrano]]</small><br /><small>(February 1862–February 1862)</small> | <small>[[Julio Arboleda Pombo]]</small><br /><small>(10 July 1861–18 July</small> <small>1861)</small>[[File:José Gregorio Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara.jpg|center|frameless|134x134px]]<br />[[Ignacio Gutiérrez Vergara]]<br /><small>(18 July 1861–18 January 1862)</small><br />[[Leonardo Canal González]]<br /><small>(18 July 1861–6 November 1862)</small><br />[[Manuel del Río y de Narváez]]<br /><small>(6 November 1862–13 January 1863)</small> |} ===United States of Colombia (1863–1886)=== This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as President of the [[United States of Colombia]] following the passing of the [[United States of Colombia#Colombian Constitution of 1863|Colombian Constitution of 1863]], which took effect on 8 May 1863. There were 11 people in office, and 14 presidencies as three presidents served two non-consecutive terms each and are counted chronologically twice, they are: [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda]], [[Manuel Murillo Toro]], and [[Rafael Núñez Moledo]], the last two having actually been elected twice. Out of the 11 individuals in office, 9 were elected, one succeeded to the presidency ([[José Eusebio Otálora Martínez]]), and one took the presidency by mounting a ''[[coup d'état]]'' ([[Santos Acosta Castillo]]). Only one president died in office from natural causes ([[Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines]]). Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda, the first president of the United States of Colombia, had actually started his tenure in 1861 (he became the third and last president of the Granadine Confederation with a coup). In this capacity he was appointed by the National Constituent Assembly of 1863 to continue serving while the assembly drafted, passed, signed, and implemented a new constitution. The first elected president of the United States of Colombia was Manuel Murillo Toro, elected in 1864 for a constitutional two-year term. The longest serving president was Rafael Núñez Moledo with 10 years, 5 months, and 17 days, of which only 2 years, 4 months, and 5 days were actually served as the elected president of the United States of Colombia, but still longer than anyone else. Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines spent the shortest time in office with just 8 months, and 20 days in 1882. The [[Granadine Confederation#Constitution of 1858|Colombian Constitution of 1858]] had effectively abolished the vice presidency, and introduced a new line of succession system featuring the figures of first, second, and third [[Presidential Designate (Colombia)|Presidential designates]]. These designates were elected annually by Congress amongst its members, but held no office or duties other than providing a succession for the president in the event of the resident's temporal or permanent absence. Both changes to vice presidency and presidential designates were kept by the Colombian Constitution of 1863. This system of succession was implemented in 1882 when President Zaldúa died in office and the third presidential designate, [[Clímaco Calderón Reyes]], became acting president while the first presidential designate, Rafael Núñez Moledo, took office, however Núñez turned down the presidency and therefore the second presidential designate, José Eusebio Otálora Martínez, succeeded Zaldúa to presidency. ; '''Political parties''' {{legend2|#FF3333|[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="10" | [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|30px]] • [[United States of Colombia]] • [[File:Coat of arms of United States of Colombia.svg|30px]] |- ! No. ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party ! [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]]<ref group="n" name="vicepresident3"/> ! Acting presidents |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|1}} | [[File:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG|139x139px]] | [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera|Tomás Cipriano<br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1798–1878)</small><br /><ref name=mosquera/> | [[1860 Colombian presidential election|1860]] | 14 May 1863 | 1 April 1864 |{{Age in years and days|1863|May|14|1864|April|1}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| | <small>[[Juan Agustín de Uricoechea y Rocha]]</small><br /><small>(29 January 1864–28 February 1864)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|2}} |[[File:Presidente Manuel Murillo Toro.jpg|127x127px]] | [[Manuel Murillo Toro|Manuel<br />Murillo Toro]]<br /><small>(1816–1880)</small><br /><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Biography of Manuel Murillo Toro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132226/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1864 Colombian presidential election|1864]] | 1 April 1864 | 1 April 1866 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|3}} | [[File:Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera 2.JPG|139x139px]] | [[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera|Tomás Cipriano<br />de Mosquera y Arboleda]]<br /><small>(1798–1878)</small><br /><ref name=mosquera/> | [[1866 Colombian presidential election|1866]] | 1 April 1866 | 23 May 1867 |{{Age in years and days|1866|April|1|1867|May|23}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Moderate)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| | <small>[[José María Rojas Garrido]]</small><br /><small>(1 April 1866–22 May 1866)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|4}} | [[File:Manuel María de los Santos Acosta.jpg|165x165px]] | [[Santos Acosta Castillo|Santos<br />Acosta Castillo]]<br /><small>(1828–1901)</small><br /><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Biography of Santos Acosta Castillo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130925/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_21.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_21.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |— | 23 May 1867<br /><ref group="n" name="coup"/> | 1 April 1868 |{{Age in years and days|1867|May|23|1868|April|1}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|5}} | [[File:Santos Gutiérrez.jpg|136x136px]] | [[Santos Gutiérrez Prieto|Santos<br />Gutiérrez Prieto]]<br /><small>(1820–1872)</small><br /><ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Biography of Santos Gutiérrez Prieto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130923/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_22.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_22.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1868 Colombian presidential election|1868]] | 1 April 1868 | 1 April 1870 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| | <small>[[Salvador Camacho Roldán]]</small><br /><small>(21 December 1868–2 January 1869)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|6}} | [[File:Óleo Eustorgio Salgar.jpg|113x113px]] | [[Eustorgio Salgar|Eustorgio<br />Salgar Moreno]]<br /><small>(1831–1885)</small><br /><ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Biography of Eustorgio Salgar Moreno |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132345/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_23.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_23.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1870 Colombian presidential election|1870]] | 1 April 1870 | 1 April 1872 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|7}} |[[File:Presidente Manuel Murillo Toro.jpg|127x127px]] | [[Manuel Murillo Toro|Manuel<br />Murillo Toro]]<br /><small>(1816–1880)</small><br /><ref name=":4">{{cite web |title=Biography of Manuel Murillo Toro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132226/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_20.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1872 Colombian presidential election|1872]] | 1 April 1872 | 1 April 1874 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}}" | {{color|white|8}} | [[File:Santiago Pérez Manosalva.png|105x105px]] | [[Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas|Santiago<br />Pérez de Manosalbas]]<br /><small>(1830–1900)</small><br /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Biography of Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130816/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_24.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_24.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1874 Colombian presidential election|1874]] | 1 April 1874 | 1 April 1876 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|9}} | [[File:Aquileo Parra Gómez.jpg|132x132px]] | [[Aquileo Parra|Aquileo<br />Parra Gómez]]<br /><small>(1825–1900)</small><br /><ref name=":6">{{cite web|title=Biography of Santiago Aquileo Parra Gómez|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713205508/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_25.html|archive-date=13 July 2013|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_25.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|url-status=live|language=es}}</ref> | [[1876 Colombian presidential election|1876]] | 1 April 1876 | 1 April 1878 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| | <small>[[José Sergio Camargo Pinzón]]</small><br /><small>(19 May 1877–14 August 1877)</small><br />[[Manuel María Ramírez Fortoul]]<br /><small>(22 December 1877–24 December 1877)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|10}} | [[File:Presidente Julián Trujillo Largacha.jpg|127x127px]] | [[Julián Trujillo Largacha|Julián<br />Trujillo Largacha]]<br /><small>(1828–1883)</small><br /><ref name=":7">{{cite web |title=Biography of Julián Trujillo Largacha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132557/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_26.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_26.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1878 Colombian presidential election|1878]] | 1 April 1878 | 1 April 1880 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Radical)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|11}} | [[File:Rafael Núñez, ca.1886.jpg|114x114px]] | [[Rafael Núñez (politician)|Rafael<br />Núñez Moledo]]<br /><small>(1825–1894)</small><br /><ref name=nunez>{{cite web |title=Biography of Rafael Núñez Moledo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132844/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_34.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_34.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1880 Colombian presidential election|1880]] | 1 April 1880 | 1 April 1882 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|12}} | [[File:Retrato Francisco Javier Zaldua.jpg|150x150px]] | [[Francisco Javier Zaldúa|Francisco Javier<br />Zaldúa y Racines]]<br /><small>(1811–1882)</small><br /><ref name=":8">{{cite web |title=Biography of Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130455/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_28.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_28.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1882 Colombian presidential election|1882]] | 1 April 1882 | 21 December 1882<br /><ref group="n" name="died"/> |{{Age in years and days|1882|April|1|1882|December|21}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|13}} | [[File:José Eusebio Otálora.jpg|136x136px]] | [[José Eusebio Otálora|José Eusebio<br />Otálora Martínez]]<br /><small>(1826–1884)</small><br /><ref name=":9">{{cite web |title=Biography of José Eusebio Otálora Martínez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131154/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_30.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/euc_30.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |— | 21 December 1882 | 1 April 1884 |{{Age in years and days|1882|December|21|1884|April|1}} | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| | <small>[[Clímaco Calderón Reyes]]</small><br /><small>(21 December 1882– 22 December 1882)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|14}} | [[File:Rafael Núñez, ca.1886.jpg|114x114px]] | [[Rafael Núñez (politician)|Rafael<br />Núñez Moledo]]<br /><small>(1825–1894)</small><br /><ref name=nunez/> | [[1884 Colombian presidential election|1884]] | 1 April 1884 | 1 April 1886 |2 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><small>(Independent)</small> | bgcolor=#aaaaaa| | <small>[[Ezequiel Hurtado Hurtado]]</small><br /><small>(1 April 1884– 11 August 1884)</small><br />[[José María Campo Serrano]]<br /><small>(1 April 1886– 7 August 1886)</small> |} ===Republic of Colombia (1886–present)=== This list includes those persons who were sworn into, succeeded to, or forcibly took office as president of the present-day [[Republic of Colombia]] following the passing of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1886]], which took effect on 6 August 1886. For Colombian leaders before this, see the above lists. There have been 33 people in office, and 35 presidencies as [[Alfonso López Pumarejo]] served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 14th and 16th president, [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]] succeeded the presidency first in 1945 and later was elected to office in 1958. Out of the 33 individuals in office, 28 were elected president, four succeeded to the presidency ([[Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar]], [[Ramón González Valencia]], [[Jorge Holguín Mallarino]] and [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]]), two took the presidency by mounting a ''[[coup d'état]]'' ([[José Manuel Marroquín|José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte]] and [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]] against [[Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente]] and [[Laureano Gómez|Laureano Gómez Castro]] respectively), three permanently resigned from office ([[Rafael Reyes Prieto]], [[Marco Fidel Suárez]] and [[Alfonso López Pumarejo]]) and one died in office of natural causes ([[Rafael Núñez Moledo]]). Rafael Núñez Moledo, the first president, was actually inaugurated in 1884 as the 14th and last president of the United States of Colombia for a two-year constitutional term; in this capacity he was appointed by the National Constituent Assembly of 1885 to serve a new six-year term while the assembly drafted, passed, signed, and implemented a new constitution; at the end of this term he was elected in 1892 for his first constitutional six-year term as president of Colombia. Núñez spent the longest time in office with 10 years, 5 months, and 17 days, but having only spent 2 years, 1 month, and 11 days as the elected president of Colombia before his death. The longest serving elected president was [[Álvaro Uribe Vélez]] with 8 years between 2002 and 2010 having been re-elected for a second term in 2006. Ramón González Valencia spent the shortest time in office with just 1 year between 1909 and 1910 when he was elected by Congress to finish the term that President Rafael Reyes Prieto had resigned to. The shortest serving elected president was Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente with 1 year, 11 months, and 24 days before he was deposed. [[Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo]], was the first president to serve under the new four-year constitutional term after the Constitutional Reform of 1910 when he was appointed president by that year's National Constituent Assembly; the first elected president to serve the four-year constitutional term would be his successor, [[José Vicente Concha Ferreira]] elected in 1914. Eduardo Santos Montejo was the first to be [[Universal manhood suffrage|elected by men of all classes]] in 1938 after all land-ownership and literacy restrictions were repealed by the Constitutional Reform of 1936. [[Alberto Lleras Camargo]] in 1958 became the first president elected after women gained voting rights after the Constitutional Reform of 1954. The vice presidency was abolished after the Constitutional Reform of 1905 and was only re-introduced after the passing of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1991]] which remains in place. Article 127 of the Colombian Constitution of 1886 only allowed for re-election of the president in a non-immediate form; this was changed by the Constitutional Reform of 2005 allowing for immediate re-elections for a maximum of two terms. Under the [[Colombian Constitution of 1991]], the [[President of Colombia]] is the [[head of state]] and [[head of government]] of the [[Republic of Colombia]]. As chief of the executive branch and head of the [[Government of Colombia|national government]] as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in Colombia as measure by influence and recognition. The president is also the [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Military Forces of Colombia|military of Colombia]]. The president is [[direct election|directly elected]] to a four-year [[Term of office|term]] in a [[Universal suffrage|popular]] [[election]]. The ''Legislative Act 2 of 2004'' established that no person may be elected president more than twice,<ref name="Colombia, Congress of"/> allowing Álvaro Uribe and [[Juan Manuel Santos]] consecutive reelection in 2006 and 2014 respectively. Nonetheless, in 2015 Congress reformed the Constitution again and suppressed consecutive and non-consecutive presidential reelection.<ref>{{cite news |title=Congreso eliminó la reelección presidencial en Colombia |url=http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/congreso/congreso-elimino-definitivamente-la-reeleccion-presidencial/15886541 |access-date=16 July 2022 |work=El Tiempo |date=7 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707135554/http://www.eltiempo.com/politica/congreso/congreso-elimino-definitivamente-la-reeleccion-presidencial/15886541 |archive-date=7 July 2015 |language=es}}</ref> Since 1991 Constitution it was established that if no presidential candidate obtain more than 50% of the popular vote a run-off vote is needed. Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the vice president assumes the office. The president must be at least 30 years of age and a "natural born" citizen of Colombia. ;; Political parties {{legend|{{party colour|National Party (Colombia)}}|[[National Party (Colombia)|National]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}}|[[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}}|[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Republican Union Party (Colombia)}}|[[Republican Union Party (Colombia)|Republican Union]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#6B8E23|[[Military Forces of Colombia|Military rule]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Colombia First}}|[[Colombia First]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Union Party for the People}}|[[Union Party for the People|National Unity]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Democratic Center (Colombia)}}|[[Democratic Center (Colombia)|Democratic Center]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|{{party colour|Humane Colombia}}|[[Humane Colombia]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="10" | [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|30px]] • [[Republic of Colombia]] • [[File:Escudo de Colombia.svg|30px]] |- ! No.<br /><ref group="n" name="num"/> ! Portrait ! Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! Elected ! Took office ! Left office !'''Time in office''' ! Political party ! [[Vice President of Colombia|Vice President]] ! Acting presidents<ref group="n" name="interim"/> |- | rowspan="2" ! style="background:{{party colour|National Party (Colombia)}};" | '''1''' | rowspan="2" | [[File:Rafael Núñez Moledo.jpg|133x133px]] | rowspan="2" | [[Rafael Núñez|Rafael Núñez Moledo]]<br /><small>(1825–1894)</small><br /><ref name=nunez/> | [[1886 Colombian presidential election|1886]] | rowspan="2" | 1 April 1886<br /><ref group="n" name="april"/> | rowspan="2" | 18 September 1894<br /><ref group="n" name="april"/><ref group="n" name="died"/> | rowspan="2" |{{Age in years and days|1886|April|1|1894|September|18}} | rowspan="2" | [[National Party (Colombia)|National]] | [[Eliseo Payán|Eliseo<br />Payán]]<br /><small>(7 August 1886–7 August 1892)</small> | rowspan="2" | <small>[[José María Campo Serrano]]</small><br /><small>(7 August 1886–5 January 1887)</small><br />[[Eliseo Payán Hurtado]]<br /><small>(5 January 1887–4 June 1887)</small><br /><small>(12 December 1887–8 February 1888)</small><br />[[Carlos Holguín Mallarino]]<br /><small>(7 August 1888–7 August 1892)</small><br />[[Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar]]<br /><small>(7 August 1892–21 September 1892)</small><br />[[Antonio Basilio Cuervo Urisarri]]<br /><small>(16 January 1893–17 January 1893)</small> |- | [[1892 Colombian presidential election|1892]] | [[Miguel Antonio Caro|Miguel Antonio<br />Caro]]<br /><small>(7 August 1892–18 September 1894)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|National Party (Colombia)}};" | 2 | [[File:Miguel antonio caro.png|121x121px]] | [[Miguel Antonio Caro|Miguel Antonio<br />Caro Tobar]]<br /><small>(1845–1909)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Miguel Antonio Caro Tovar |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131407/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_36.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_36.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |— | 18 September 1894 | 7 August 1898 |{{Age in years and days|1894|September|18|1898|August|7}} | [[National Party (Colombia)|National]] | ''vacant''<br /><small>(18 September 1894–7 August 1898)</small><br /><ref group="n" name="vacancy"/> | <small>[[Guillermo Quintero Calderón]]</small><br /><small>(12 March 1896– 17 March 1896)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|National Party (Colombia)}};" | 3 | [[File:Manuel antonio sanclemente.jpg|127x127px]] | [[Manuel Antonio Sanclemente|Manuel Antonio<br />Sanclemente Sanclemente]]<br /><small>(1814–1902)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020132750/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_37.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_37.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1898 Colombian presidential election|1898]] | 7 August 1898 | 31 July 1900 |{{Age in years and days|1898|August|7|1900|July|31}} | [[National Party (Colombia)|National]] | [[José Manuel Marroquín|José Manuel<br />Marroquín]]<br /><small>(7 August 1898–31 July 1900)</small> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" |{{color|white|4}} | [[File:José Manuel Marroquín.jpg|137x137px]] | [[José Manuel Marroquín|José Manuel<br />Marroquín Ricaurte]]<br /><small>(1827–1908)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of José Manuel Marroquín |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020133544/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_38.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_38.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |— | 31 July 1900<br /><ref group="n" name="coup"/> | 7 August 1904 |{{Age in years and days|1900|July|31|1904|August|7}} | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] | ''vacant''<br /><small>(31 July 1900–7 August 1904)</small><br /><ref group="n" name="vacancy"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- | rowspan="2" ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | '''{{color|white|5}}''' | rowspan="2" | [[File:Rafael Reyes.jpg|139x139px]] | rowspan="2" | [[Rafael Reyes|Rafael<br />Reyes Prieto]]<br /><small>(1849–1921)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Rafael Reyes Prieto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131457/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_39.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_39.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="2" | [[1904 Colombian presidential election|1904]] | rowspan="2" | 7 August 1904 | rowspan="2" | 27 July 1909<br /><ref group="n" name="resigned"/> | rowspan="2" |{{Age in years and days|1904|August|7|1909|July|27}} | rowspan="2" | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] | [[Ramón González Valencia|Ramón<br />González Valencia]]<br /><small>(7 August 1904–10 March 1905)</small><br /><ref group="n" name="resigned" /><ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> | rowspan="2" | <small>[[Diego Euclides de Angulo Lemos]]</small><br /><small>(16 March 1908– 16 April 1908)</small><br />[[Jorge Holguín Mallarino]]<br /><small>(27 July 1909–4 August 1909)</small> |- |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|6}} | [[File:Ramón González Valencia.jpg|135x135px]] | [[Ramón González Valencia|Ramón<br />González Valencia]]<br /><small>(1851–1928)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Ramón González Valencia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131935/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_41.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_41.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |— | 7 August 1909 | 7 August 1910 |1 year | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Republican Union Party (Colombia)}};" | 7 | [[File:Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo.jpg|144x144px]] | [[Carlos Eugenio Restrepo|Carlos Eugenio<br />Restrepo Restrepo]]<br /><small>(1867–1937)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Carlos Eugenio Restrepo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020131753/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_42.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_42.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1910 Colombian presidential election|1910]] | 7 August 1910 | 7 August 1914<br /><ref group="n" name="fouryear" /> |4 years | [[Republican Union Party (Colombia)|Republican Union]]<br /><ref group="n" name="republican"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|8}} | [[File:Jose Vicente Concha LCCN20146960911.jpg|132x132px]] | [[José Vicente Concha|José Vicente<br />Concha Ferreira]]<br /><small>(1867–1929)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of José Vicente Concha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020130457/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_43.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_43.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1914 Colombian presidential election|1914]] | 7 August 1914 | 7 August 1918 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|9}} | [[File:Marco Fidel Suarez.jpg|124x124px]] | [[Marco Fidel Suárez|Marco Fidel<br />Suárez]]<br /><small>(1855–1927)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Marco Fidel Suárez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020163852/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_44.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_44.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1918 Colombian presidential election|1918]] | 7 August 1918 | 11 November 1921<br /><ref group="n" name="resigned" /> |{{Age in years and days|1918|August|7|1921|November|11}} | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|10}} | [[File:Jorge Holguin.jpg|110x110px]] | [[Jorge Holguín|Jorge<br />Holguín Mallarino]]<br /><small>(1848–1928)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Jorge Holguín Jaramillo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615044231/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_40.html |archive-date=15 June 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_40.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |— | 11 November 1921 | 7 August 1922 |{{Age in years and days|1921|November|11|1922|August|7}} | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|11}} | [[File:Gen'l. Pedro Nel Ospina, 5-4-22 LOC npcc.06199.tif|124x124px]] | [[Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez|Pedro Nel<br />Ospina Vázquez]]<br /><small>(1858–1927)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020160959/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_45.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_45.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1922 Colombian presidential election|1922]] | 7 August 1922 | 7 August 1926 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|12}} | [[File:Miguel Abadía Méndez.jpg|125x125px]] | [[Miguel Abadía Méndez|Miguel<br />Abadía Méndez]]<br /><small>(1867–1947)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Miguel Abadía Méndez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020161056/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_46.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_46.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1926 Colombian presidential election|1926]] | 7 August 1926 | 7 August 1930 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|13}} | [[File:Enrique Olaya Herrera 1.jpg|132x132px]] | [[Enrique Olaya Herrera|Enrique<br />Olaya Herrera]]<br /><small>(1880–1937)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Enrique Olaya Herrera |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020163741/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_47.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_47.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1930 Colombian presidential election|1930]] | 7 August 1930 | 7 August 1934 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|14}} | [[File:Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo.jpg|102x102px]] | [[Alfonso López Pumarejo|Alfonso<br />López Pumarejo]]<br /><small>(1886–1959)</small><br /><ref name=lopezp>{{cite web |title=Biography of Alfonso López Pumarejo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020164344/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_48.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_48.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1934 Colombian presidential election|1934]] | 7 August 1934 | 7 August 1938 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|15}} | [[File:Eduardo-santos-montejo.jpg|142x142px]] | [[Eduardo Santos Montejo|Eduardo<br />Santos Montejo]]<br /><small>(1888–1974)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Eduardo Santos Montejo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020161839/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_49.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_49.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1938 Colombian presidential election|1938]] | 7 August 1938 | 7 August 1942 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|16}} | [[File:Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo.jpg|102x102px]] | [[Alfonso López Pumarejo|Alfonso<br />López Pumarejo]]<br /><small>(1886–1959)</small><br /><ref name=lopezp/> | [[1942 Colombian presidential election|1942]] | 7 August 1942 | 7 August 1945<br /><ref group="n" name="resigned" /> |3 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> | <small>[[Carlos Lozano y Lozano]]</small><br /><small>(9 October 1942–19 October 1942)</small><br />[[Darío Echandía Olaya]]<br /><small>(16 May 1944–10 July 1944)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|17}} | [[File:Alberto Lleras Camargo, Presidente da Colômbia.tif|140x140px]] | [[Alberto Lleras Camargo|Alberto<br />Lleras Camargo]]<br /><small>(1906–1990)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Alberto Lleras|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_57.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref> |— |7 August 1945 |7 August 1946 |1 year |[[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref name="vicepresident" group="n" /> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|18}} | [[File:Mariano Ospina Pérez.jpg|104x104px]] | [[Mariano Ospina Pérez|Mariano<br />Ospina Pérez]]<br /><small>(1891–1976)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Mariano Ospina Pérez |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020162656/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_52.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_52.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1946 Colombian presidential election|1946]] | 7 August 1946 | 7 August 1950 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|19}} | [[File:Laureano Gómez (c. 1925-1926).jpg|132x132px]] | [[Laureano Gómez|Laureano<br />Gómez Castro]]<br /><small>(1889–1965)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Laureano Gómez Castro |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020170025/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_53.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_53.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> | [[1949 Colombian presidential election|1949]] | 7 August 1950 | 13 June 1953 |{{Age in years and days|1950|August|7|1953|June|13}} | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"/> | <small>[[Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez]]</small><br /><small>(5 November 1951–13 June 1953)</small> |- | style="background:#6B8E23;" ! | '''20''' | [[File:Rojas pinilla.jpg|135x135px]] | [[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla|Gustavo<br />Rojas Pinilla]]<br /><small>(1900–1975)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Gustavo Rojas Pinilla |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020165553/http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_55.html |archive-date=20 October 2013 |url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_55.html |publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co |access-date=15 November 2012 |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[1954 Colombian presidential election|1954]] | 13 June 1953<br /><ref group="n" name="coup" /> | 10 May 1957<br /><ref group="n" name="resigned" /> |{{Age in years and days|1953|June|13|1957|May|10}} | [[Military Forces of Colombia|Military]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" ! | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | <small>[[Gabriel París Gordillo]]</small><br /><small>(30 July 1955–3 August 1955)</small> |- ! style="background:#6B8E23;" | '''—''' | [[File:Gabriel París, 1957 (cropped).jpg|144x144px]] | [[Colombian Military Junta|Military Junta]] |— | 10 May 1957 | 7 August 1958 |{{Age in years and days|1957|May|10|1958|August|7}} | [[Military Forces of Colombia|Military]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | <small>[[Gabriel París Gordillo]]</small><br />[[Rafael Navas Pardo]]<br />[[Deogracias Fonseca Espinosa]]<br />[[Rubén Piedrahíta Arango]]<br />[[Luis Ernesto Ordóñez Castillo]] |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|21}} | [[File:Alberto Lleras Camargo, Presidente da Colômbia.tif|140x140px]] | [[Alberto Lleras Camargo|Alberto<br />Lleras Camargo]]<br /><small>(1906–1990)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Alberto Lleras Camargo|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_57.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref> | [[1958 Colombian presidential election|1958]] | 7 August 1958 | 7 August 1962 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><ref group="n" name="frentenacional" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|22}} |[[File:Guillermo Leon Valencia Munoz.jpg|140x140px]] | [[Guillermo León Valencia|Guillermo León<br />Valencia Muñoz]]<br /><small>(1909–1971)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_58.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref> | [[1962 Colombian presidential election|1962]] | 7 August 1962 | 7 August 1966 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]]<br /><ref group="n" name="frentenacional" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | <small>[[José Antonio Montalvo Berbeo]]</small><br /><small>(6 August 1963–8 August 1963)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|23}} | [[File:Carlos Lleras Restrepo.gif|140x140px]] | [[Carlos Lleras Restrepo|Carlos<br />Lleras Restrepo]]<br /><small>(1908–1994)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Carlos Lleras Restrepo|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_59.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref> | [[1966 Colombian presidential election|1966]] | 7 August 1966 | 7 August 1970 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]]<br /><ref group="n" name="frentenacional" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|24}} | [[File:Misael Pastrana.JPG|125x125px]] | [[Misael Pastrana Borrero|Misael<br />Pastrana Borrero]]<br /><small>(1923–1997)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Misael Pastrana Borrero|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_60.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref> | [[1970 Colombian general election|1970]] | 7 August 1970 | 7 August 1974 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]]<br /><ref group="n" name="frentenacional" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | <small>[[:es:Rafael Azuero Manchola|Rafael Azuero Manchola]]</small><br /><small>(21 July 1973–24 July 1973)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|25}} | [[File:Alfonso Lopez Michelsen.jpg|133x133px]] | [[Alfonso López Michelsen|Alfonso<br />López Michelsen]]<br /><small>(1913–2007)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Alfonso López Michelsen|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_61.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref> | [[1974 Colombian general election|1974]] | 7 August 1974 | 7 August 1978 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | <small>[[Indalecio Liévano Aguirre]]</small><br /><small>(20 September 1975–24 September 1975)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|26}} | [[File:Julio Cesar Turbay.jpg|129x129px]] | [[Julio César Turbay Ayala|Julio César<br />Turbay Ayala]]<br /><small>(1916–2005)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Julio César Turbay Ayala|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_62.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref> | [[1978 Colombian presidential election|1978]] | 7 August 1978 | 7 August 1982 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | <small>[[Víctor Mosquera Chaux]]</small><br /><small>(3 February 1981–11 February 1981)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|27}} | [[File:Belisario Betancur 1985.jpg|129x129px]] | [[Belisario Betancur|Belisario<br />Betancur Cuartas]]<br /><small>(1923–2018)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Belisario Betancur Cuartas|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_63.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Belisario Betancur Cuartas|url=http://www.cidob.org/en/documentation/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/belisario_betancur_cuartas|publisher=[[CIDOB Foundation]]|access-date=16 November 2012|location=Barcelona|language=es|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> | [[1982 Colombian presidential election|1982]] | 7 August 1982 | 7 August 1986 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|28}} | [[File:President Virgilio Barco.png|156x156px]] | [[Virgilio Barco Vargas|Virgilio<br />Barco Vargas]]<br /><small>(1921–1997)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Virgilio Barco Vargas|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_64.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Virgilio Barco Vargas|url=http://www.cidob.org/en/documentation/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/virgilio_barco_vargas|publisher=[[CIDOB Foundation]]|access-date=16 November 2012|location=Barcelona|language=es|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> | [[1986 Colombian presidential election|1986]] | 7 August 1986 | 7 August 1990 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" | {{color|white|29}} | [[File:César Gaviria.jpg|155x155px]] | [[César Gaviria|César<br />Gaviria Trujillo]]<br /><small>(1947–)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of César Gaviria Trujillo|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_65.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of César Gaviria Trujillo|url=http://www.cidob.org/en/documentation/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/cesar_gaviria_trujillo|publisher=[[CIDOB Foundation]]|access-date=16 November 2012|location=Barcelona|language=es|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> | [[1990 Colombian presidential election|1990]] | 7 August 1990 | 7 August 1994 |4 years | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | <ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /> | bgcolor="#aaaaaa" | |- | rowspan="2" style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Liberal Party}};" ! | '''{{color|white|30}}''' | rowspan="2" | [[File:Ernesto Samper.jpg|130x130px]] | rowspan="2" | [[Ernesto Samper|Ernesto<br />Samper Pizano]]<br /><small>(1950–)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Ernesto Samper Pizano|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_66.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Ernesto Samper Pizano|url=http://www.cidob.org/en/documentation/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/ernesto_samper_pizano|publisher=[[CIDOB Foundation]]|access-date=16 November 2012|location=Barcelona|language=es|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> | rowspan="2" | [[1994 Colombian presidential election|1994]] | rowspan="2" | 7 August 1994 | rowspan="2" | 7 August 1998 | rowspan="2" |4 years | rowspan="2" | [[Colombian Liberal Party|Liberal]] | [[Humberto De la Calle|Humberto<br />De la Calle]]<br /><small>(7 August 1994–19 September 1997)</small><br /><ref group="n" name="vicepresident" /><ref group="n" name="resigned" /> | rowspan="2" | <small>[[Carlos Lemos Simmonds]]</small><br /><small>(11 January 1998–21 January 1998)</small> |- | [[Carlos Lemos Simmonds|Carlos<br />Lemos Simmonds]]<br /><small>(19 September 1997–7 August 1998)</small> |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombian Conservative Party}};" | {{color|white|31}} | [[File:Andres Pastrana Arango (2001).jpg|144x144px]] | [[Andrés Pastrana Arango|Andrés<br />Pastrana Arango]]<br /><small>(1954–)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Andrés Pastrana Arango|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_68.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Andrés Pastrana Arango|url=http://www.cidob.org/en/documentation/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/andres_pastrana_arango|publisher=[[CIDOB Foundation]]|access-date=16 November 2012|location=Barcelona|language=es|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> | [[1998 Colombian presidential election|1998]] | 7 August 1998 | 7 August 2002 |4 years | [[Colombian Conservative Party|Conservative]] | [[Gustavo Bell|Gustavo<br />Bell]]<br /><small>(7 August 1998–7 August 2002)</small> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- | rowspan="2" ! style="background:{{party colour|Colombia First}};" | '''{{color|white|32}}''' | rowspan="2" | [[File:Álvaro Uribe (cropped).jpg|132x132px]] | rowspan="2" | [[Álvaro Uribe|Álvaro<br />Uribe Vélez]]<br /><small>(1952–)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Álvaro Uribe Vélez|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/asiescolombia/presidentes/rc_69.html|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Álvaro Uribe Vélez|url=http://www.cidob.org/en/documentation/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/alvaro_uribe_velez|publisher=[[CIDOB Foundation]]|access-date=16 November 2012|location=Barcelona|language=es|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> | [[2002 Colombian presidential election|2002]] | rowspan="2" | 7 August 2002 | rowspan="2" | 7 August 2010<br /><ref group="n" name="reelection"/> | rowspan="2" |8 years | rowspan="2" | [[Colombia First]] | rowspan="2" | [[Francisco Santos Calderón|Francisco<br />Santos Calderón]]<br /><small>(7 August 2002–7 August 2010)</small> | rowspan="2" bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- | [[2006 Colombian presidential election|2006]] |- ! rowspan="3" ! style="background:{{party colour|Union Party for the People}};" | {{color|white|33}} | rowspan="3" | [[File:Juan Manuel Santos and Lula (cropped).jpg|frameless|132x132px]] | rowspan="3" | [[Juan Manuel Santos|Juan Manuel<br />Santos Calderón]]<br /><small>(1951–)</small><br /><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Juan Manuel Santos Calderón|url=http://wsp.presidencia.gov.co/portal/Gobierno/Paginas/JuanManuelSantosCalderon.aspx|publisher=wsp.presidencia.gov.co|access-date=15 November 2012|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Juan Manuel Santos Calderón|url=http://www.cidob.org/en/documentation/biografias_lideres_politicos/america_del_sur/colombia/juan_manuel_santos_calderon|publisher=[[CIDOB Foundation]]|access-date=16 November 2012|location=Barcelona|language=es|date=6 June 2011}}</ref> | [[2010 Colombian presidential election|2010]] | rowspan="3" | 7 August 2010 | rowspan="3" | 7 August 2018 | rowspan="3" |8 years | rowspan="3" | [[Union Party for the People|National Unity]] | [[Angelino Garzón|Angelino<br />Garzón]]<br /><small>(7 August 2010–7 August 2014)</small> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- | rowspan="2"| [[2014 Colombian presidential election|2014]] | [[Germán Vargas Lleras|German<br />Vargas Lleras]]<br /><small>(7 August 2014–21 March 2017)</small><ref group="n" name="resigned" /> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |-| | [[Óscar Naranjo]]<br /><small>(29 March 2017–7 August 2018)</small> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Democratic Center (Colombia)}};" | {{color|white|34}} | [[File:Iván Duque, oct 2021 1.1.jpg|frameless|124x124px]] | [[Iván Duque|Iván<br />Duque Márquez]]<br /><small>(1976–)</small> | [[2018 Colombian presidential election|2018]] | 7 August 2018 | 7 August 2022 |4 years | [[Democratic Center (Colombia)|Democratic Center]] | [[Marta Lucía Ramírez]]<br /><small>(7 August 2018–7 August 2022)</small> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |- ! style="background:{{party colour|Humane Colombia}};" | {{color|white|35}} | [[File:Gustavo Petro 2022.jpg|130x130px]] | [[Gustavo Petro|Gustavo<br>Petro Urrego]]<br /><small>(1960–)</small> | [[2022 Colombian presidential election|2022]] | 7 August 2022 | Incumbent |{{Age in years and days|2022|August|7}} | [[Humane Colombia]]<br /><small>([[Historic Pact for Colombia|Historic Pact]])</small> | [[Francia Márquez]]<br /><small>(7 August 2022–)</small> |bgcolor=#aaaaaa| |} == Timeline == <timeline> ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:10 PlotArea = top:3 bottom:150 right:100 left:20 AlignBars = late Colors = id:none value:gray(0.8) legend:None_(independent) id:liberal value:rgb(1,0.2,0.2) legend:Liberal id:conservative value:rgb(0.2,0.2,1) legend:Conservative id:national value:rgb(0.89,1,0.17) legend:National id:republicanunion value:rgb(1,0.81,0.69) legend:Republican_Union id:none(military) value:rgb(0.42,0.56,0.14) legend:None_(military) id:colombiafirst value:rgb(0.5,0,0.5) legend:Colombia_First id:nationalunity value:rgb(1,0.55,0) legend:National_Unity id:democraticcenter value:rgb(0.1,0.6,1) legend:Democratic_Center id:humanecolombia value:rgb(0.8,0,0.8) legend:Humane_Colombia id:gridlinemajor value:gray(0.9) id:gridlineminor value:gray(0.95) id:constitution value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0) DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:1819 till:2023 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gridlinemajor unit:year increment:10 start:1819 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gridlineminor unit:year increment:1 start:1819 Legend = columns:4 left:200 top:100 columnwidth:180 TextData = pos:(20,100) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:" # pos:(20,170) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Colombian Constitution of Cucuta|1821]]" pos:(60,170) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Constitutional history of Colombia#The Admirable Congress and the Constitution of 1830|1830]]" pos:(77,180) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Republic of New Granada#Colombian constitution of 1832|1832]]" pos:(125,170) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Constitutional history of Colombia#The Reform of 1843|1843]]" pos:(170,170) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Constitutional history of Colombia#The Reform of 1853|1853]]" pos:(190,180) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Granadine Confederation#Constitution of 1858|1858]]" pos:(215,170) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Colombian Constitution of Rionegro|1863]]" pos:(310,170) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1886]]" pos:(770,170) textcolor:constitution fontsize:S text:"[[Colombian Constitution of 1991|1991]]" LineData = layer:back at:1821 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1830 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1832 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1843 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1853 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1858 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1863 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1886 width:0.1 color:constitution at:1991 width:0.1 color:constitution BarData = bar:SimónBolívaryPalacios bar:JoaquíndeMosquerayArboleda bar:RafaelUrdanetayFaría bar:FranciscodePaulaSantanderyOmaña bar:JoséIgnaciodeMárquezBarreto bar:PedroAlcántaraHerránMartínez bar:TomásCiprianodeMosquerayArboleda bar:JoséHilarioLópezValdéz bar:JoséMaríaObandodelCampo bar:JoséMaríaMeloyOrtiz bar:MarianoOspinaRodríguez bar:BartoloméCalvoDíaz bar:ManuelMurilloToro bar:SantosAcostaCastillo bar:SantosGutiérrezPrieto bar:EustorgioSalgarMoreno bar:SantiagoPérezdeManosalbas bar:AquileoParraGómez bar:JuliánTrujilloLargacha bar:RafaelNúñezMoledo bar:FranciscoJavierZaldúayRacines bar:JoséEusebioOtáloraMartínez bar:MiguelAntonioCaroTobar bar:ManuelAntonioSanclementeSanclemente bar:JoséManuelMarroquínRicaurte bar:RafaelReyesPrieto bar:RamónGonzálezValencia bar:CarlosEugenioRestrepoRestrepo bar:JoséVicenteConchaFerreira bar:MarcoFidelSuárez bar:JorgeHolguínMallarino bar:PedroNelOspinaVázquez bar:MiguelAbadíaMéndez bar:EnriqueOlayaHerrera bar:AlfonsoLópezPumarejo bar:EduardoSantosMontejo bar:AlbertoLlerasCamargo bar:MarianoOspinaPérez bar:LaureanoGómezCastro bar:GustavoRojasPinilla bar:MilitaryJunta bar:GuillermoLeónValenciaMuñoz bar:CarlosLlerasRestrepo bar:MisaelPastranaBorrero bar:AlfonsoLópezMichelsen bar:JulioCésarTurbayAyala bar:BelisarioBetancurCuartas bar:VirgilioBarcoVargas bar:CésarGaviriaTrujillo bar:ErnestoSamperPizano bar:AndrésPastranaArango bar:ÁlvaroUribeVélez bar:JuanManuelSantosCalderón bar:IvánDuqueMárquez bar:GustavoFranciscoPetroUrrego PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till bar:SimónBolívaryPalacios from: 1819 till: 1830 color:none text:"[[Simón Bolívar y Palacios]]" bar:JoaquíndeMosquerayArboleda from: 1830 till: 1830 color:none text:"[[Joaquín de Mosquera y Arboleda]]" bar:RafaelUrdanetayFaría from: 1830 till: 1831 color:none text:"[[Rafael Urdaneta y Faría]]" bar:FranciscodePaulaSantanderyOmaña from: 1832 till: 1837 color:none text:"[[Francisco de Paula Santander y Omaña]]" bar:JoséIgnaciodeMárquezBarreto from: 1837 till: 1841 color:none text:"[[José Ignacio de Márquez Barreto]]" bar:PedroAlcántaraHerránMartínez from: 1841 till: 1845 color:none text:"[[Pedro Alcántara Herrán Martínez]]" bar:TomásCiprianodeMosquerayArboleda from: 1845 till: 1849 color:none from: 1861 till: 1863 color:liberal from: 1863 till: 1864 color:liberal from: 1866 till: 1867 color:liberal text:"[[Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera y Arboleda]]" bar:JoséHilarioLópezValdéz from: 1849 till: 1853 color:liberal text:"[[José Hilario López Valdéz]]" bar:JoséMaríaObandodelCampo from: 1853 till: 1854 color:liberal text:"[[José María Obando del Campo]]" bar:JoséMaríaMeloyOrtiz from: 1854 till: 1854 color:none(military) text:"[[José María Melo y Ortiz]]" bar:MarianoOspinaRodríguez from: 1857 till: 1861 color:conservative text:"[[Mariano Ospina Rodríguez]]" bar:BartoloméCalvoDíaz from: 1861 till: 1861 color:conservative text:"[[Bartolomé Calvo Díaz]]" bar:ManuelMurilloToro from: 1864 till: 1866 color:liberal from: 1872 till: 1874 color:liberal text:"[[Manuel Murillo Toro]]" bar:SantosAcostaCastillo from: 1867 till: 1868 color:liberal text:"[[Santos Acosta Castillo]]" bar:SantosGutiérrezPrieto from: 1868 till: 1870 color:liberal text:"[[Santos Gutiérrez Prieto]]" bar:EustorgioSalgarMoreno from: 1870 till: 1872 color:liberal text:"[[Eustorgio Salgar Moreno]]" bar:SantiagoPérezdeManosalbas from: 1874 till: 1876 color:liberal text:"[[Santiago Pérez de Manosalbas]]" bar:AquileoParraGómez from: 1876 till: 1878 color:liberal text:"[[Aquileo Parra Gómez]]" bar:JuliánTrujilloLargacha from: 1878 till: 1880 color:liberal text:"[[Julián Trujillo Largacha]]" bar:RafaelNúñezMoledo from: 1880 till: 1882 color:liberal from: 1884 till: 1886 color:liberal from: 1886 till: 1894 color:national text:"[[Rafael Núñez Moledo]]" bar:FranciscoJavierZaldúayRacines from: 1882 till: 1882 color:liberal text:"[[Francisco Javier Zaldúa y Racines]]" bar:JoséEusebioOtáloraMartínez from: 1882 till: 1884 color:liberal text:"[[José Eusebio Otálora Martínez]]" bar:MiguelAntonioCaroTobar from: 1894 till: 1898 color:national text:"[[Miguel Antonio Caro Tobar]]" bar:ManuelAntonioSanclementeSanclemente from: 1898 till: 1900 color:national text:"[[Manuel Antonio Sanclemente Sanclemente]]" bar:JoséManuelMarroquínRicaurte from: 1900 till: 1904 color:conservative text:"[[José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte]]" bar:RafaelReyesPrieto from: 1904 till: 1909 color:conservative text:"[[Rafael Reyes Prieto]]" bar:RamónGonzálezValencia from: 1909 till: 1910 color:conservative text:"[[Ramón González Valencia]]" bar:CarlosEugenioRestrepoRestrepo from: 1910 till: 1914 color:republicanunion text:"[[Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo]]" bar:JoséVicenteConchaFerreira from: 1914 till: 1918 color:conservative text:"[[José Vicente Concha Ferreira]]" bar:MarcoFidelSuárez from: 1918 till: 1921 color:conservative text:"[[Marco Fidel Suárez]]" bar:JorgeHolguínMallarino from: 1921 till: 1922 color:conservative text:"[[Jorge Holguín Mallarino]]" bar:PedroNelOspinaVázquez from: 1922 till: 1926 color:conservative text:"[[Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez]]" bar:MiguelAbadíaMéndez from: 1926 till: 1930 color:conservative text:"[[Miguel Abadía Méndez]]" bar:EnriqueOlayaHerrera from: 1930 till: 1934 color:liberal text:"[[Enrique Olaya Herrera]]" bar:AlfonsoLópezPumarejo from: 1934 till: 1938 color:liberal from: 1942 till: 1945 color:liberal text:"[[Alfonso López Pumarejo]]" bar:EduardoSantosMontejo from: 1938 till: 1942 color:liberal text:"[[Eduardo Santos Montejo]]" bar:AlbertoLlerasCamargo from: 1945 till: 1946 color:liberal from: 1958 till: 1962 color:liberal text:"[[Alberto Lleras Camargo]]" bar:MarianoOspinaPérez from: 1946 till: 1950 color:conservative text:"[[Mariano Ospina Pérez]]" bar:LaureanoGómezCastro from: 1950 till: 1953 color:conservative text:"[[Laureano Gómez Castro]]" bar:GustavoRojasPinilla from: 1953 till: 1957 color:none(military) text:"[[Gustavo Rojas Pinilla]]" bar:MilitaryJunta from: 1957 till: 1958 color:none(military) text:"[[Military Junta]]" bar:GuillermoLeónValenciaMuñoz from: 1962 till: 1966 color:conservative text:"[[Guillermo León Valencia Muñoz]]" bar:CarlosLlerasRestrepo from: 1966 till: 1970 color:liberal text:"[[Carlos Lleras Restrepo]]" bar:MisaelPastranaBorrero from: 1970 till: 1974 color:conservative text:"[[Misael Pastrana Borrero]]" bar:AlfonsoLópezMichelsen from: 1974 till: 1978 color:liberal text:"[[Alfonso López Michelsen]]" bar:JulioCésarTurbayAyala from: 1978 till: 1982 color:liberal text:"[[Julio César Turbay Ayala]]" bar:BelisarioBetancurCuartas from: 1982 till: 1986 color:conservative text:"[[Belisario Betancur Cuartas]]" bar:VirgilioBarcoVargas from: 1986 till: 1990 color:liberal text:"[[Virgilio Barco Vargas]]" bar:CésarGaviriaTrujillo from: 1990 till: 1994 color:liberal text:"[[César Gaviria Trujillo]]" bar:ErnestoSamperPizano from: 1994 till: 1998 color:liberal text:"[[Ernesto Samper Pizano]]" bar:AndrésPastranaArango from: 1998 till: 2002 color:conservative text:"[[Andrés Pastrana Arango]]" bar:ÁlvaroUribeVélez from: 2002 till: 2010 color:colombiafirst text:"[[Álvaro Uribe Vélez]]" bar:JuanManuelSantosCalderón from: 2010 till: 2018 color:nationalunity text:"[[Juan Manuel Santos]]" bar:IvánDuqueMárquez from: 2018 till: 2022 color:democraticcenter text:"[[Iván Duque]]" bar:GustavoFranciscoPetroUrrego from: 2022 till: end color:humanecolombia text:"[[Gustavo Petro]]" </timeline> ==See also== * [[List of vice presidents of Colombia]] * [[List of presidential designates of Colombia]] * [[List of viceroys of New Granada]] ==Notes== {{Reflist| group="n"|30em| refs = <ref group="n" name="num"> For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, [[Rafael Núñez Moledo]] served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 5th president [[Rafael Reyes Prieto]], [[Ramón González Valencia]] became the 6th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Reyes's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. [[Alfonso López Pumarejo]] was both the 14th president and the 16th president, his two terms having been non-consecutive. </ref> <ref group="n" name="interim"> A period during which a vice-president, a [[presidential Designate|designate]], or a caretaker temporarily becomes Acting President under Article 193 of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1991|1991 Constitution]], or before it, under Articles 124 and 125 of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1886 Constitution]], is not a presidency, because the president constitutionally remains in office during such a period. </ref> <ref group="n" name="april"> President Núñez had actually taken office on 1 April 1884 for a two year term as stipulated by Article 79 of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1863|1863 Constitution]]. In 1886, he was appointed by the National Constituent Council to serve a new six year term starting on 7 August 1886 as stipulated by Article A of the new [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1886 Constitution]] that created the present-day Republic of Colombia. In 1892 he started his first ''elected'' term as president, the previous term having been an appointment to safeguard the passing and implementation of the new constitution and therefore was not in conflict with Article 127 of the 1886 Constitution that prohibited the immediate re-election of a president. </ref> <ref group="n" name="died"> Died in office of natural causes. </ref> <ref group="n" name="resigned"> Resigned. </ref> <ref group="n" name="vicepresident2"> The [[Colombian Constitution of 1858|Constitution of 1858]] abolished the Office of the Vice President, the line of succession was modified placing the Government Ministers from oldest to youngest to succeed the President in the event of the President's temporal or permanent absence. </ref> <ref group="n" name="vicepresident3"> The [[Colombian Constitution of 1861|Constitution of 1858]] had abolished the Office of the Vice President, this decision was upheld by the [[Colombian Constitution of 1863|Constitution of 1863]], but the line of succession was modified differently by the introduction of the figures of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd [[Presidential Designate]]s, who were elected annually by Congress amongst its members, but held no office or duties other than providing a succession for the President in the event of the president's temporal or permanent absence. </ref> <ref group="n" name="vacancy"> Prior to the abolishment of the Office of Vice President in 1905, Article 131 of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1886 Constitution]] did not allow for a vacancy in the vice presidency to be filled until the end of the constitutionally elected term. </ref> <ref group="n" name="vicepresident"> The Office of the Vice President was officially abolished by the 1905 National Constituent Assembly on 28 March 1905, and it was only reinstituted after the ratification of the new [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1991 Constitution]] with Vice President de la Calle taking office after the following presidential elections in 1994. </ref> <ref group="n" name="coup"> Took power by ''[[coup d'état]]''. </ref> <ref group="n" name="frentenacional"> Between 1958 and 1974 the presidency, under the [[National Front (Colombia)|National Front]] alternation plan, was held in an alternating manner by members of the two traditional parties: Liberals and Conservatives. </ref> <ref group="n" name="republican"> Although nominally head of the newly created Republican Union party, Restrepo was a long-time member of the Conservative Party. </ref> <ref group="n" name="fouryear"> The 1910 National Constituent Assembly [[Constitutional amendment|amended]] Article 114 of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1886 Constitution]] changing the length of a presidential term from that of six years to one of four years. </ref> <ref group="n" name="reelection"> Álvaro Uribe Vélez is the first president to have been legally allowed to seek an immediate second term by the 2nd Legislative Act of 2004 that amended Article 197 of the [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1991 Constitution]]. Before that, the [[Colombian Constitution of 1886|1886 Constitution]] allowed presidents to seek a second term only in non-consecutive periods. </ref> }} ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * {{cite book|last=Plazas Vega|first=Luis Alfonso|title=Presidentes de Colombia|year=1998|publisher=Panamericana Editorial|location=Bogotá|isbn=9789583005329|oclc=30772210|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UL0SAQAAIAAJ|edition=2|language=es}} * {{cite book|last=Bushnell |first=David |author-link1=David Bushnell (historian)|title=The Making of Modern Colombia: A Nation in Spite of Itself|year=1993|url=https://archive.org/details/makingofmodernco00bush|url-access=registration |publisher=[[University of California Press]]|location=Berkeley, CA|isbn=9780520913905|oclc=44964942}} * {{cite book|last=Arizmendi Posada|first=Ignacio|title=Presidentes de Colombia: 1810-1990|year=1989|publisher=[[Planeta DeAgostini|Planeta]]|location=Bogotá|isbn=9789586142793|oclc=19708732|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TL8SAQAAIAAJ|language=es}} * {{cite book|last=Martínez Villamarín|first=Constantino|title=Presidentes de Colombia|year=1947|publisher=Imprenta Departamental|location=Tunja, BOY|oclc=8253453|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AdU0AAAAIAAJ|language=es}} ==External links== {{commons|President of Colombia}} {{Heads of state of Colombia}} {{South America topic|state=uncollapsed|prefix=List of presidents of|countries_only=yes}} {{Heads of State of the South America}} [[Category:Lists of national presidents|Colombia]] [[Category:Presidents of Colombia|*]] [[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Colombia|Presidents]]
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