Editing List of presidents of Brazil

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{for multi|a complete list of Brazilian [[Head of state|heads of state]]|list of heads of state of Brazil|a list of Brazilian monarchs|list of monarchs of Brazil}}
[[File:Homologação do tombamento de obras do Niemeyer (34321040524).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|The [[Palácio da Alvorada|Alvorada Palace]], official residence of the president of Brazil, pictured in June 2011]]

The [[President of Brazil|president of the Federative Republic of Brazil]] is the chief executive of the [[Federal government of Brazil|government of Brazil]] and commander in chief of the country's [[Brazilian Armed Forces|Armed Forces]]. Below is a '''list of presidents of Brazil'''.

==Brazil before the Proclamation of the Republic==
Brazil had two monarchs during the time of the [[United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves|United Kingdom with Portugal]]: [[Maria I of Portugal|Maria I]] (1815–1816) and [[John VI of Portugal|John VI]] (1816–1822). When this Kingdom was created, queen Maria I was already considered incapable due to mental illness and the [[Portuguese Empire]] was ruled by prince John, later king John VI, as regent. As an independent nation, Brazil had two monarchs, emperors [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I]] (1822–1831) and [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]] (1831–1889). The second woman to govern Brazil, after Maria I, was [[Maria Leopoldina of Austria|Leopoldina of Austria]], who acted as regent in 1822 and had a great influence on Brazil's independence process, having been responsible for signing the decree that separated Brazil from Portugal.

Having proclaimed independence of the [[Kingdom of Brazil]] from Portugal in 1822, prince Pedro, the son of king John VI, was acclaimed the first [[List of monarchs of Brazil|Emperor of Brazil]] on 12 October 1822. After [[Abdication of Pedro I of Brazil|abdicating the throne]], on 7 April 1831, he was succeeded by his son Pedro de Alcântara, who reigned as Pedro II of Brazil. The third woman to rule Brazil was princess [[Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil|Isabel]], heir presumptive to the throne, who acted as regent of Brazil in various periods (1870–1871, 1876–1877 and 1887–1888) while her father, emperor Pedro II, performed foreign visits. During her last regency she sanctioned, on 13 May 1888, the [[Lei Áurea|Golden Law]] (Imperial Law No. 3,353), which abolished [[slavery in Brazil]]. Pedro II was [[Proclamation of the Republic (Brazil)|deposed]] along with the 74-year-old monarchy on 15 November 1889 in a bloodless and unpopular military coup d'état.

==First Republic (1889–1930)==
{{Politics of Brazil}}
{{Main|First Brazilian Republic}}
In 1889, the [[Empire of Brazil]] was abolished and replaced with a republic in a coup d'état led by marshal [[Deodoro da Fonseca]], who deposed emperor Pedro II, proclaimed Brazil a Republic and formed a provisional government. The 15 November 1889 military coup began as an attempt to overthrow the Empire's [[Prime Minister of Brazil|prime minister]], [[Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto]], but the unprecedented coup against a prime minister appointed by the emperor and who enjoyed the confidence of the elected Chamber of Deputies quickly escalated to the abolition of the monarchy. 

With the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic, the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1824|Imperial constitution]] ceased to operate, the Imperial Parliament (the General Assembly) ceased to exist, and not only was the Viscount of Ouro Preto removed from office, but the position of prime minister itself ceased to exist. As head of the provisional government, Deodoro da Fonseca ruled by decree, holding both the functions of head of state and of head of government. The former [[Provinces of Brazil|provinces]] of the Empire were reorganized as [[Federative units of Brazil|states]] and the newly proclaimed republic was declared a federation, formed by the perpetual union of those states.

In 1890, elections for a Constituent Congress were summoned and held, but the decree of the provisional government that created the Congress required it to adopt a Constitution that conformed to the recently proclaimed republican system of government, and that organized the recently declared Federal State. In February 1891, a new [[Brazilian Constitution of 1891|Brazilian constitution]] was adopted, based on the [[federal republic]] of the United States of America. The country itself was named the Republic of the United States of Brazil. In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the presidents of the Republic were to be elected by direct popular vote, but, for the first presidential term, the president and vice president would be chosen by the Constituent Congress; the Constituent Congress was to elect the first president and vice president immediately after the promulgation of the Constitution. 

In accordance with those transitional provisions, Congress elected the then head of the provisional government, Deodoro da Fonseca, as the first president of the republic. Marshal [[Floriano Peixoto]] was elected by Congress to be the first vice president. The inauguration of the first president and of the first vice president was held on 26 February 1891, only two days after the promulgation of the new Republican Constitution. Deodoro resigned the presidency ten months later after a coup d'état in which he dissolved Congress was reversed. Floriano Peixoto was then inaugurated as president. In 1894, Peixoto was succeeded by [[Prudente de Morais]], the first president of Brazil to be elected by direct popular ballot. Morais, who was the first president to be elected under the permanent provisions of the Constitution adopted in 1891, was also the first civilian to assume the presidency of Brazil.

Although it was theoretically a [[constitutional democracy]], the Old Republic was characterized by the power of regional [[oligarchy|oligarchies]] and the seldom broken [[Milk coffee politics|alternation of power]] in the federal sphere between the states of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] and [[Minas Gerais]]. The vote in the countryside was often [[Coronelism|controlled by local land owners]], and less than 6% of the population had the right to vote due to literacy requirements.

In 1930, when Brazil was suffering the effects of the [[Wall Street crash of 1929]], a [[Brazilian Revolution of 1930|revolution]] broke out in the country and the Old Republic ended. President [[Washington Luís]], who was supported by São Paulo oligarchies, broke the expected alternation between São Paulo and Minas Gerais and supported a candidate who was also from São Paulo, [[Júlio Prestes]]. Prestes won the [[1930 Brazilian general election|1930 election]], but Washington Luís was deposed three weeks before the end of his term and Prestes was never inaugurated.

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|None}}|Unaffiliated|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#009739|[[Federal Republican Party (Brazil)|Federal Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|black|[[Paulista Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}|[[Mineiro Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Fluminense Republican Party}}|[[Fluminense Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Conservative Republican Party}}|[[Conservative Republican Party (Brazil)|Conservative Republican Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br>{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected{{efn|name=election|Years in italics denote indirect elections.}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office{{Sfnmp|1a1=Arquivo Nacional}}
! rowspan="2" | Political party{{efn|name=party|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.}}
! rowspan="2" | Vice President
|-
! Took office
! Left office
!Time in office
|-
! 1
| style="background-color:{{party color|None}}" |
| [[File:Deodoro da Fonseca (1889) (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Deodoro da Fonseca]]
| [[Deodoro da Fonseca]]<br>{{Small|(1827–1892)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Lemos (a)}}
| ''[[1891 Brazilian presidential election|1891]]''{{efn|Provisional head of government from 15 November 1889 to 25 February 1891. Sworn in as President of the Republic on 26 February, following the promulgation of the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1891|Constitution of 1891]] on the 24th and the holding of an indirect election on the 25th.}}
| 15 November 1889
| 23 November 1891{{efn|name=resign|Resigned from office.}}
|{{Age in years and days|1889|11|15|1891|11|23}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant&nbsp;until<br />26 February 1891''
----
[[Floriano Peixoto]]
|-
! 2
| style="background-color:{{party color|None}}" |
| [[File:Floriano Peixoto (1891) (Cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Floriano Peixoto]]
| [[Floriano Peixoto]]<br>{{Small|(1839–1895)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Lemos (b)}}
| —
| 23 November 1891
| 15 November 1894
|{{Age in years and days|1891|11|23|1894|11|15}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 3
| style="background-color:#009739" |
| [[File:Prudentedemorais (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Prudente de Morais]]
| [[Prudente de Morais]]<br>{{Small|(1841–1902)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Lang (a)}}
| [[1894 Brazilian general election|1894]]
| 15 November 1894
| 15 November 1898
|4 years
| [[Federal Republican Party (Brazil)|PRF]]
| [[Manuel Vitorino Pereira|Manuel Vitorino]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Campos Sales|4]]
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Campos Sales (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Campos Sales]]
| [[Campos Sales]]<br>{{Small|(1841–1913)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Freire}}
| [[1898 Brazilian presidential election|1898]]
| 15 November 1898
| 15 November 1902
|4 years
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva|Rosa e Silva]]
|-
! 5
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Rodrigues Alves 3 (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Rodrigues Alves]]
| [[Rodrigues Alves]]<br>{{Small|(1848–1919)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Lang (b)}}
| [[1902 Brazilian presidential election|1902]]
| 15 November 1902
| 15 November 1906
|4 years
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Afonso Pena]]{{efn|Appointed as vice president to succeed vice president-elect [[Silviano Brandão]], who had died before taking office.{{Sfnp|Viscardi (a)}}}}
|-
! 6
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Afonso_Pena_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Afonso Pena]]
| [[Afonso Pena]]<br>{{Small|(1847–1909)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Viscardi (a)}}
| [[1906 Brazilian presidential election|1906]]
| 15 November 1906
| 14 June 1909{{efn|name=death|Died in office.}}
|{{Age in years and days|1906|11|15|1909|6|14}}
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Nilo Peçanha]]
|-
! 7
| style="background-color:{{party color|Fluminense Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Nilo_Peçanha_02_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Nilo Peçanha]]
| [[Nilo Peçanha]]<br>{{Small|(1867–1924)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Ferreira (a)}}
| —
| 14 June 1909{{efn|Nilo Peçanha succeeded to the presidency upon the death of Afonso Pena.}}
| 15 November 1910
|{{Age in years and days|1909|6|14|1910|11|15}}
| [[Fluminense Republican Party|PRF]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 8
| style="background-color:{{party color|Conservative Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Hermes_da_Fonseca_(1910)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Hermes da Fonseca]]
| [[Hermes da Fonseca]]<br>{{Small|(1855–1923)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Lemos (c)}}
| [[1910 Brazilian presidential election|1910]]
| 15 November 1910
| 15 November 1914
|4 years
| [[Conservative Republican Party (Brazil)|PRC]]
| [[Venceslau Brás]]
|-
! 9
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Venceslau_Brás_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Venceslau Brás]]
| [[Venceslau Brás]]<br>{{Small|(1868–1966)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Faria}}
| [[1914 Brazilian presidential election|1914]]
| 15 November 1914
| 15 November 1918
|4 years
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Urbano Santos da Costa Araújo|Urbano Santos]]
|-
! —
| style="background-color:black" |
|[[File:Rodrigues_Alves_3_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Rodrigues Alves]]
|[[Rodrigues Alves]]<br><small>(1848–1919)</small>
|[[1918 Brazilian general election|1918]]
| colspan="3" |''Did not take office''{{efn|Rodrigues Alves fell ill with the [[Spanish flu]] before his inauguration, and thus was unable to attend it. His running mate, Delfim Moreira, took office as vice-president and immediately became acting president. Rodrigues Alves ultimately never took the oath of office as he died from his illness in January 1919, and thus Delfim Moreira succeeded to the presidency upon his death.}}
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
|[[Delfim Moreira]]
|-
! 10
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Delfim_Moreira_(1918)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Delfim Moreira]]
| [[Delfim Moreira]]<br>{{Small|(1868–1920)}}<br>{{small|''Acting''}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Viscardi (b)}}
| —
| 15 November 1918{{efn|Delfim Moreira was Rodrigues Alves' running mate in the 1918 elections. The winner, Alves was prevented from taking office due to health issues and died before he had the possibility to do so. As the Constitution stipulated that a new presidential election had to be held if the president was removed before completing two years in office, Delfim held the presidency until a newly elected official could be sworn in.}}
| 28 July 1919
|{{Age in years and days|1918|11|15|1919|7|28}}
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 11
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Epitacio_Pessoa_(1919)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Epitácio Pessoa]]
| [[Epitácio Pessoa]]<br>{{Small|(1865–1942)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Dias (a)}}
| [[1919 Brazilian presidential election|1919]]
| 28 July 1919
| 15 November 1922
|{{Age in years and days|1919|7|28|1922|11|15}}
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Delfim Moreira]]{{efn|name=death}}
----
[[Bueno de Paiva]]{{efn|Elected as vice president via an indirect election.{{Sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (a)}}}} 
|-
! [[Presidency of Artur Bernardes|12]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Mineiro Republican Party}}" |
| [[File:Artur_Bernardes_(1922)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Artur Bernardes]]
| [[Artur Bernardes]]<br>{{Small|(1875–1955)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Malin (a)}}
| [[1922 Brazilian presidential election|1922]]
| 15 November 1922
| 15 November 1926
|4 years
| [[Mineiro Republican Party|PRM]]
| [[Estácio Coimbra]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Washington Luís|13]]
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Washington Luís (foto)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Washington Luís]]
| [[Washington Luís]]<br>{{Small|(1869–1957)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Mayer (a)}}
| [[1926 Brazilian presidential election|1926]]
| 15 November 1926
| 24 October 1930{{efn|Deposed by the [[Revolution of 1930]].}}
|{{Age in years and days|1926|11|15|1930|10|24}}
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Melo Viana]]
|-
! —
| style="background-color:black" |
| [[File:Júlio_Prestes,_1930_-_Schmitd,_maria_do_resguardo_(retouched)_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Portrait of Júlio Prestes]]
| [[Júlio Prestes]]<br>{{Small|(1882–1946)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Mayer (b)}}
| [[1930 Brazilian presidential election|1930]]
| colspan="3" |''Did not take office''{{efn|Impeded from taking office by the Revolution of 1930. Despite never occupying this position, he is included in the list of former Presidents in the [http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes Library of the Presidency of the Republic], and is listed as President of Brazil in the [https://dibrarq.arquivonacional.gov.br/index.php/albuquerque-julio-prestes-de National Archive].}}
| [[Paulista Republican Party|PRP]]
| [[Vital Soares]]
|}

== Vargas Era (1930–1946) ==
{{Main|Vargas Era}}The Vargas Era consists of two different republics: the Second Republic, from 1930 to 1937, and the Third Republic, from 1937 to 1946.
Prior to 1929, Brazilian politics was controlled by an alliance between the two largest state economies; known as "coffee with milk politics", coffee growers in São Paulo combined with the dairy industry centred in Minas Gerais to create an oligarchy, with the presidency alternating between the two states. This practice was broken when the leaders of São Paulo and president Washington Luís nominated their fellow Paulista Júlio Prestes as candidate for the presidential elections in 1930. In response, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul and Paraíba formed the "Liberal Alliance" backing opposition candidate [[Getúlio Vargas]].

When Prestes won the March 1930 Presidential election, the Alliance denounced his victory as fraudulent, while Vargas's running mate, [[João Pessoa (politician)|João Pessoa]], was assassinated in July. A revolution then began on 3 October 1930 and quickly spread throughout the country; by 10 October, both Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais had announced their support. Washington Luís was deposed on 24 October, and the [[Brazilian military junta of 1930|Brazilian Military Junta of 1930]] took over; Vargas assumed leadership of the junta on 3 November 1930, marking the end of the First Brazilian Republic and beginning of the Vargas Era.

The [[Constitutionalist Revolution|1932 Constitutionalist Revolution]] led to the adoption of a new Constitution in 1934. However, the constitution was annulled and Vargas [[1937 Brazilian coup d'état|became a dictator]] in the name of law and order in 1937. His rule occupies two periods of Brazilian history, the Second Brazilian Republic and the Third Brazilian Republic, known as the Estado Novo.

===Second Republic (1930–1937)===
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br>{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected{{efn|name=election|Years in italics denote indirect elections.}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office{{Sfnmp|1a1=Arquivo Nacional}}
! rowspan="2" | Political party{{efn|name=party|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.}}
! rowspan="2" | Vice President
|-
! Took office
! Left office
!Time in office
|-
! —
| [[File:Juntagovernativa1930.png|100px]]
| [[Brazilian military junta of 1930|Military junta of 1930]]{{efn|Formed by General [[Augusto Tasso Fragoso]], leader of the junta; General [[João de Deus Mena Barreto]], and Admiral [[Isaías de Noronha]].}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Abreu}}
| —
| 24 October 1930
| 3 November 1930{{efn|Transferred power to Getúlio Vargas.}}
|{{Age in years and days|1930|10|24|1930|11|3}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant throughout<br />leadership''
|-
! 14
| [[File:Getulio Vargas (1930) (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=First presidential portrait of Getúlio Vargas]]
| [[Getúlio Vargas]]<br>{{Small|(1882–1954)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Cachapuz}}
| ''[[1934 Brazilian presidential election|1934]]''{{efn|Head of the Provisional Government from 3 November 1930 to 20 July 1934.{{Sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (b)}} Sworn in as President of the Republic following the promulgation of the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1934|Constitution of 1934]] and the holding of an indirect presidential election.}}
| 3 November 1930
| 10 November 1937{{efn|Carried out a [[self-coup]] that established the Estado Novo dictatorship.}}
|{{Age in years and days|1930|11|3|1937|11|10}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant throughout<br />presidency''{{efn|name=constitution|The constitutions of 1934 and 1937 abolished the office of vice president.{{sfnmp|1934 Constitution}}{{sfnmp|1937 Constitution}}}}
|}

===Estado Novo (1937–1946)===
{{Main|Estado Novo (Brazil)}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" | Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br>{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected{{efn|name=election|Years in italics denote indirect elections.}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office{{Sfnmp|1a1=Arquivo Nacional}}
! rowspan="2" | Political party{{efn|name=party|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.}}
! rowspan="2" | Vice President
|-
! Took office
! Left office
!Time in office
|-
! (14)
| [[File:Getulio Vargas (1930) (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=First presidential portrait of Getúlio Vargas]]
| [[Getúlio Vargas]]<br>{{Small|(1882–1954)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Cachapuz}}
| —
| 10 November 1937
| 29 October 1945{{efn|Deposed by the [[1945 Brazilian coup d'état|1945 coup d'état]].}}
|{{Age in years and days|1937|11|10|1945|10|29}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant throughout<br />presidency''{{efn|name=constitution}}
|-
! 15
| [[File:José Linhares TSE (3x4 cropped).jpg|100px|Portrait of José Linhares as President of the Superior Electoral Court]]
| [[José Linhares]]<br>{{Small|(1886–1957)}}<br>{{small|''Acting''}}<br>{{sfnmp|FGV CPDOC}}
| —
| 29 October 1945{{efn|Appointed as president by [[Pedro Aurélio de Góis Monteiro]].}}
| 31 January 1946
|{{Age in years and days|1945|10|29|1946|1|31}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant throughout<br />presidency''
|}

==Fourth Republic (1946–1964)==
{{Main|Fourth Brazilian Republic}}
In 1945, Vargas was deposed by a military coup led by ex-supporters. Nevertheless, he would be elected president once again and his influence in Brazilian politics would remain until the end of the Fourth republic. In this period, three parties dominated the national politics. Two were pro-Vargas – in the left, [[Brazilian Labour Party (historical)|PTB]] and in the centre-right, PSD – and another anti-Vargas, the rightist UDN.

This period was very unstable. In 1954, Vargas committed suicide during a crisis that threatened his government and he was followed by a series of short-term presidents. In 1961, UDN won national elections for the first time, supporting Jânio Quadros, who himself was a member of a minor party allied to UDN. Quadros, who, before his election, rose meteorically in politics with an anti-corruption stance, unexpectedly resigned the presidency seven months later. Some historians suggest that Quadros was heavily drunk when he signed his resignation letter, while others suggest that Quadros felt that Congress would not accept his vice-president as president, and would ask for his return. Those historians, therefore, see Quadros' resignation as an attempt to return to office with increased powers and more political support. It is possible that both occurred: Quadros was drunk when he resigned, and in that state, he devised the plan to return to power by Congressional request. The plot failed: Congress simply received Quadros' letter, and amid the shock of politicians and of the Nation, the letter was entered into the records of Congress and the presidency was declared vacant. The president of Congress, Senator Auro de Moura Andrade, took the view that the deed of resignation was the province of the elected president, that it was not subject to a congressional vote, needing no confirmation, and that the president's declaration of resignation was final.

At that time, the president and vice president of Brazil were voted into office separately. The vice president was a political enemy of Jânio Quadros, the leftist João Goulart. Goulart was out of the country, and Congress was controlled by right wing politicians. During Goulart's absence, the president of the Chamber of deputies, Ranieri Mazzilli, took office as acting president of Brazil. There was then a plot to block the inauguration of the vice president as president, but Congressional resistance to the inauguration of Goulart led to a reaction by the governor of Rio Grande do Sul, who led a "[[Campanha da Legalidade|legality campaign]]", and to a split in the military (that, during the fourth Republic, intervened heavily in politics). Amid the political crisis, the solution was the adoption by Congress of a Constitutional Amendment abolishing the presidential executive and replacing it with a parliamentary system of government. Under that negotiated solution, Goulart's inauguration was allowed to proceed, but Goulart would be head of state only, and a prime minister approved by Congress would lead the government. The new system of government's continued existence was subject to popular approval in a referendum scheduled for 1963. The result of this referendum restored the presidential executive and a military coup deposed Goulart in 1964, starting the military dictatorship.

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}|[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|Social Democratic Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{Party color|Brazilian Labour Party (1945)}}|[[Brazilian Labour Party (1945)|Brazilian Labour Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#533E40|[[Social Progressive Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{Party color|National Labour Party (Brazil)}}|[[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|National Labour Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br>{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected{{efn|name=election|Years in italics denote indirect elections.}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office{{Sfnmp|1a1=Arquivo Nacional}}
! rowspan="2" | Political party{{efn|name=party|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.}}
! rowspan="2" | Vice President
|-
! Took office
! Left office
!Time in office
|-
! [[Presidency of Eurico Gaspar Dutra|16]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}" |
| [[File:GASPARDUTRA (3x4 cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Eurico Gaspar Dutra]]
| [[Eurico Gaspar Dutra|Eurico Dutra]]<br>{{Small|(1883–1974)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Malin (b)}}
| [[1945 Brazilian general election|1945]]
| 31 January 1946
| 31 January 1951
|5 years
| [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|PSD]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;until<br />19 September 1946''
----
[[Nereu Ramos]]{{efn|Elected as vice president via an indirect election, following the promulgation of the [[Brazilian Constitution of 1946|Constitution of 1946]].{{Sfnmp|Malin (c)}}}}
|-
! [[Second presidency of Getúlio Vargas|17]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Labour Party (1945)}}" |
| [[File:17_-_Getúlio_Dorneles_Vargas_1951.jpg|100px|alt=Second presidential portrait of Getúlio Vargas]]
| [[Getúlio Vargas]]<br>{{Small|(1882–1954)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Cachapuz}}
| [[1950 Brazilian general election|1950]]
| 31 January 1951
| 24 August 1954{{efn|name=death}}
|{{Age in years and days|1951|1|31|1954|8|24}}
| [[Brazilian Labour Party (1945)|PTB]]
| [[Café Filho]]
|-
! 18
| style="background-color:#533E40" |
| [[File:Café_Filho.jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Café Filho]]
| [[Café Filho]]<br>{{Small|(1899–1970)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Keller}}
| —
| 24 August 1954{{efn|Café Filho succeeded to the presidency upon the [[Getúlio Vargas#Death|death]] of Getúlio Vargas.}}
| 8 November 1955{{efn|name=health|Removed from office due to health issues.}}
|{{Age in years and days|1954|8|24|1955|11|8}}
| [[Social Progressive Party|PSP]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 19
| style="background-color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}" |
| [[File:CarlosLuz.jpg|100px|alt=Photograph of Carlos Luz]]
| [[Carlos Luz]]<br>{{Small|(1894–1961)}}<br>{{small|''Acting''}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (c)}}
| —
| 8 November 1955{{efn|Abiding by the presidential line of succession, Carlos Luz, President of the Chamber of Deputies, succeeded to the presidency upon the removal of Café Filho.}}
| 11 November 1955{{efn|name=impeachment|[[Impeachment|Impeached]].}}
|{{Age in years and days|1955|11|8|1955|11|11}}
| [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|PSD]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 20
| style="background-color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}" |
| [[File:Presidente Nereu Ramos (cropped 3).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Nereu Ramos]]
| [[Nereu Ramos]]<br>{{Small|(1888–1958)}}<br>{{small|''Acting''}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Malin (c)}}
| —
| 11 November 1955{{efn|Abiding by the presidential line of succession, Nereu Ramos, President of the Senate, succeeded to the presidency upon the [[Impeachment of Carlos Luz|removal]] of Carlos Luz.}}
| 31 January 1956
|{{Age in years and days|1955|11|11|1956|1|31}}
| [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|PSD]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! [[Presidency of Juscelino Kubitschek|21]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}" |
| [[File:Juscelino (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Juscelino Kubitschek]]
| [[Juscelino Kubitschek]]<br>{{Small|(1902–1976)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Pantoja}}
| [[1955 Brazilian presidential election|1955]]
| 31 January 1956
| 31 January 1961
|5 years
| [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|PSD]]
| rowspan="2" | [[João Goulart]]
|-
! 22
| style="background-color:{{party color|National Labour Party (Brazil)}}" |
| [[File:Janio_Quadros.png|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Jânio Quadros]]
| [[Jânio Quadros]]<br>{{Small|(1917–1992)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Mayer|1a2=Xavier}}
| [[1960 Brazilian presidential election|1960]]
| 31 January 1961
| 25 August 1961{{efn|name=resign}}
|{{Age in years and days|1961|1|31|1961|8|25}}
| [[National Labour Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|PTN]]
|-
! 23
| style="background-color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}" |
| [[File:Ranieri_Mazzilli_(1961).jpg|100px|alt=Photograph of Ranieri Mazzilli]]
| [[Ranieri Mazzilli]]<br>{{Small|(1910–1975)}}<br>{{small|''Acting''}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Calicchio}}
| {{emdash}}
| 25 August 1961{{efn|Ranieri Mazzilli held the presidency until the return of João Goulart to Brazil.}}
| 7 September 1961
|{{Age in years and days|1961|8|25|1961|9|7}}
| [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|PSD]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! 24 
| style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Labour Party (1945)}}" |
| [[File: João Goulart 1964.jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of João Goulart]]
| [[João Goulart]]<br>{{small|(1919–1976)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Ferreira (b)}}
| {{emdash}}
| 7 September 1961{{efn|João Goulart succeeded to the presidency upon the resignation of Jânio Quadros.}}
| 2 April 1964{{efn|Deposed by the [[1964 Brazilian coup d'état|1964 coup d'état]].}} 
|{{Age in years and days|1961|9|7|1964|4|2}}
| [[Brazilian Labour Party (1945)|PTB]]
| ''Vacant&nbsp;throughout<br />presidency''
|}

==Military Dictatorship (1964–1985)==
{{Main|Military dictatorship in Brazil}}
The military coup was fomented by [[José de Magalhães Pinto]], [[Adhemar de Barros]], and [[Carlos Lacerda]] (who had already participated in the conspiracy to depose [[Getúlio Vargas]] in 1945), then governors of the states of [[Minas Gerais]], [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], and [[Guanabara (state)|Guanabara]], respectively. The coup was planned and executed by the most forefront commanders of the [[Brazilian Army]] and received the support of almost all high-ranking members of the military, along with conservative elements in society, like the [[Catholic Church in Brazil|Catholic Church]] and [[anti-communist]] civil movements among the Brazilian middle and upper classes. Internationally, it was supported by the [[United States Department of State|State Department of the United States]] through its embassy in [[Brasília]].{{sfnmp|Blakeley}}

Despite initial pledges to the contrary, the military regime enacted in 1967 a [[History of the Constitution of Brazil#Sixth Constitution (1967)|new, restrictive Constitution]], and stifled [[freedom of speech]] and [[Opposition (politics)|political opposition]]. The regime adopted [[Brazilian nationalism|nationalism]], [[Developmentalism|economic development]], and [[anti-communism]] as its guidelines.

The dictatorship reached the height of its popularity in the 1970s with the so-called "[[Brazilian Miracle]]", even as the regime censored all media, and [[Human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)|tortured]] and exiled dissidents. [[João Figueiredo]] became president in March 1979; in the same year he passed the [[Amnesty Law#Brazil|Amnesty Law]] for political crimes committed for and against the regime. While combating the "hardliners" inside the government and supporting a re-democratization policy, Figueiredo could not control the [[Recession|crumbling economy]], [[chronic inflation]] and concurrent fall of other military dictatorships in South America. Amid [[Diretas Já|massive popular demonstrations]] in the streets of the main cities of the country, the [[Brazilian legislative election, 1982|first free elections]] in 20 years were held for the national legislature in 1982. In 1985, [[Brazilian presidential election, 1985|another election]] was held, this time to elect (indirectly) a new president, being contested between civilian candidates for the first time since the 1960s, being won by the opposition. In 1988, a [[1988 Brazilian Constitution|new Constitution]] was passed and Brazil officially returned to [[democracy]]. Since then, the military has remained under the control of civilian politicians, with no official role in domestic politics.

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|None}}|Unaffiliated|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}|[[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|Social Democratic Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{Party color|National Renewal Alliance}}|[[National Renewal Alliance]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#0A00C5|[[Democratic Social Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br>{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected{{efn|name=election|Years in italics denote indirect elections.}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office{{Sfnmp|1a1=Arquivo Nacional}}
! rowspan="2" | Political party{{efn|name=party|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.}}
! rowspan="2" | Vice President
|-
! Took office
! Left office
!Time in office
|-
! 25
| style="background-color:{{party color|Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)}}" |
| [[File:Ranieri_Mazzilli_(1961).jpg|100px]]
| [[Ranieri Mazzilli]]{{efn|''[[De jure]]'' head of state. ''[[De facto]]'' the Supreme Command of the Revolution, a military junta formed by Admiral [[Augusto Rademaker]], General [[Artur da Costa e Silva]] and Brigadier [[Francisco de Assis Correia de Melo]].}}<br>{{Small|(1910–1975)}}<br>{{small|''Acting''}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Calicchio}}
| {{emdash}}
| 2 April 1964
| 15 April 1964
|{{Age in years and days|1964|4|2|1964|4|15}}
| [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–1965)|PSD]]
| ''Vacant throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! [[Presidency of Castelo Branco|26]]
| style="background: linear-gradient({{party color|None}} 68%, {{party color|National Renewal Alliance}} 68%);" |
| [[File:Castelobranco.jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Humberto Castelo Branco]]
| [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco|Castelo Branco]]<br>{{Small|(1897–1967)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Kornis (a)}}
| [[1964 Brazilian presidential election|''1964'']]
| 15 April 1964
| 15 March 1967
|{{Age in years and days|1964|4|15|1967|3|15}}
| ''Unaffiliated''{{efn|Until 4 April 1966, date of creation of the National Renewal Alliance.}}
----
[[National Renewal Alliance|ARENA]]
| [[José Maria Alkmin]]
|-
! 27
| style="background-color:{{party color|National Renewal Alliance}}" |
| [[File:Costa e Silva (cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Artur da Costa e Silva]]
| [[Artur da Costa e Silva|Costa e Silva]]<br>{{Small|(1899–1969)}}<br>{{sfnmp|Lemos (d)}}
| [[1966 Brazilian presidential election|''1966'']]
| 15 March 1967
| 31 August 1969{{efn|name=health}}
|{{Age in years and days|1967|3|15|1969|8|31}}
| [[National Renewal Alliance|ARENA]]
| [[Pedro Aleixo]]
|-
! —
| style="background-color:{{party color|National Renewal Alliance}}" |
| [[File:Pedro_Aleixo.jpg|100px|alt=Photograph of Pedro Aleixo]]
| [[Pedro Aleixo]]<br>{{Small|(1901–1975)}}<br>{{sfnmp|Kornis (b)}}
| —
| colspan="3" |''Did not take office''{{efn|Impeded from taking office by the military junta of 1969. Despite never occupying this position, Aleixo has to be included in the gallery of Presidents of Brazil by virtue of [http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2011-2014/2011/Lei/L12486.htm Law No. 12,486, of September 12, 2011].}}
| [[National Renewal Alliance|ARENA]]
| {{emdash}}
|-
! —
| style="background-color:{{party color|None}}" |
| [[File:Márcio Melo - Junta militar brasileira de 1969.png|100px]]
| [[Brazilian military junta of 1969|Military junta of 1969]]{{efn|Formed by General [[Aurélio de Lira Tavares]], Admiral [[Augusto Rademaker]] and Brigadier [[Márcio Melo|Márcio de Sousa e Melo]].}}<br>{{sfnmp|Lamarão}}
| —
| 31 August 1969
| 30 October 1969
|{{Age in years and days|1969|8|31|1969|10|30}}
| ''Unaffiliated''
| ''Vacant throughout<br />leadership''
|-
! [[Presidency of Emílio Médici|28]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|National Renewal Alliance}}" |
| [[File:Emílio_Garrastazu_Médici,_presidente_da_República..tif|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Emílio Garrastazu Médici]]
| [[Emílio Garrastazu Médici|Emílio Médici]]<br>{{small|(1905–1985)}}<br>{{sfnmp|Dias (b)}}
| [[1969 Brazilian presidential election|''1969'']]
| 30 October 1969
| 15 March 1974
|{{Age in years and days|1969|10|30|1974|3|15}}
| [[National Renewal Alliance|ARENA]]
| [[Augusto Rademaker]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Ernesto Geisel|29]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|National Renewal Alliance}}" |
| [[File:Foto_oficial_do_presidente_Ernesto_Geisel.png|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Ernesto Geisel]]
| [[Ernesto Geisel]]<br>{{small|(1907–1996)}}<br>{{sfnmp|1a1=Coutinho|1a2=Guido}}
| [[1974 Brazilian presidential election|''1974'']]
| 15 March 1974
| 15 March 1979
|5 years
| [[National Renewal Alliance|ARENA]]
| [[Adalberto Pereira dos Santos|Adalberto<br>Pereira dos Santos]]
|-
! 30
| style="background: linear-gradient({{party color|National Renewal Alliance}} 13%, #0A00C5 13%);" |
| [[File:Figueiredo_(colour).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of João Figueiredo]]
| [[João Figueiredo]]<br>{{small|(1918–1999)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Ramos|1a2=Costa}}
| [[1978 Brazilian presidential election|''1978'']]
| 15 March 1979
| 15 March 1985
|6 years
| [[National Renewal Alliance|ARENA]]{{efn|Until 20 December 1979, date of dissolution of the National Renewal Alliance.}}
----
[[Democratic Social Party|PDS]]{{efn|From 31 January 1980, date of creation of the Democratic Social Party.}}
| [[Aureliano Chaves]]
|}

== Sixth Republic (1985–present) ==
{{Main|History of Brazil (1985–present)}}
[[File:Flag President of Brazil.svg|thumb|right|Brazilian Presidential Standard]]

In the early 1980s, the military government started a process of [[Redemocratization in Brazil|gradual redemocratization]], called ''abertura'', the final goal of which was democracy. When the term of the last military president was to end, however, no direct elections for President of Brazil took place. For the election of the country's first civilian president since the military coup of 1964, the military maintained the rule that prevailed during the dictatorial regime, according to which an Electoral College made up of the entire National Congress and representatives from State Assemblies was to elect the president. This time, however, the military placed the Electoral College under no coercion, so that its members would be free to select the president of their choice. The Chamber of Deputies and the State Assemblies had been elected, already under the ''abertura process'' in the [[1982 Brazilian legislative election|1982 parliamentary election]], but the senators were chosen indirectly, by the State Assemblies, under rules that had been passed by the military regime in 1977 to counter the growing support of the opposition: one third of the senators was chosen in 1982, and two thirds had been chosen in 1978. After the 1982 elections, the ruling party, PDS (the successor of the ARENA), still controlled a majority of the seats in the National Congress.

[[Tancredo Neves]], who had been prime minister during the presidency of João Goulart, was chosen to be the candidate of PMDB, the major opposition party (and the successor of the MDB Party, that had opposed the Military Regime since its inception), but Tancredo was also supported by a large political spectrum, even including a significant part of former members of ARENA, the party that supported the military presidents. In the last months of the military regime, a large section of ARENA members defected from the party, and now professed to be men of democratic inclinations. They formed the Liberal Front, and the Liberal Front Party allied itself to PMDB, forming a coalition known as the Democratic Alliance. PMDB needed the Liberal Front's support in order to secure victory in the Electoral College. In the formation of this broad coalition former members of ARENA also switched parties and joined PMDB. So, to seal this arrangement, the spot of vice-president in Tancredo Neves' ticket was given to José Sarney, who represented the former supporters of the regime that had now joined the Democratic Alliance. On the other hand, those who remained loyal to the military regime and its legacy renamed ARENA as the PDS. In the PDS's National Convention, two right-wing supporters of the military administrations fought for the party's nomination: Colonel Mário Andreazza, then Minister of the Interior in General Figueiredo's administration, was the preferred candidate of the incumbent president and of the military elite, but he was defeated by Paulo Maluf, a civilian and former governor of São Paulo State during the military regime. Tancredo's coalition defeated Maluf, and his election was hailed as the dawn of a New Republic. Andreazza's defeat (by 493 votes to 350) and the selection of Maluf as the PDS's presidential candidate greatly contributed to the split in the party that led to the formation of the Liberal Front. The Liberal Front refused to support Maluf and joined forces with the PMDB in supporting Tancredo Neves, thus forging the Democratic Alliance. Without that split in the PDS, the election of the opposition candidate would not have been possible.

Although elected President of Brazil, Tancredo Neves became gravely ill on the eve of his inauguration and died without ever taking office. Therefore, the first civilian president since 1964 was Tancredo's running mate, [[José Sarney]], himself an ex-member of ARENA. José Sarney's administration fulfilled Tancredo's campaign promise of passing a constitutional amendment to the Constitution inherited from the military regime, so as to summon elections for a [[1988 Constituent Assembly|National Constituent Assembly]] with full powers to draft and adopt a new Constitution for the country, to replace the authoritarian legislation that still remained in place. In October 1988, a new democratic Constitution was passed and democracy was consolidated. In 1989, the first elections for president under the new Constitution were held and the young [[Fernando Collor de Mello]] was elected for a five-year term, the first president to be elected by direct popular ballot since the military coup. He was inaugurated in 1990 and in 1992 he became the first president in Brazil to be impeached due to corruption. However, he resigned before the final verdict.

A [[1993 Brazilian constitutional referendum|referendum held in 1993]] (ahead of the 1993 and 1994 Constitutional Revision) allowed the people to decide the form of government of the state (monarchy or republic) for the first time since the proclamation of the Republic in 1889; the republican form of government prevailed. In the same referendum, the Brazilian people was able to choose again, for the first time since 1963, the system of Government (parliamentary or presidential) and the model of a presidential executive was retained. The revision was a unique opportunity to amend the Constitution with a reduced majority. Had a different form or system of government been chosen in the 1993 referendum, the new institutional structure would have been implemented during the Constitutional Revision. Both the Revision and the referendum on the form and system of government were summoned in the original text of the Constitution. The federal model of the state, retained in the 1988 Constitution, is declared by the Constitution as not subject to abolition, even by Constitutional Amendment. According to those tenets and to the results of the popular vote, only minor changes were made to the institutional framework of the State in the Constitutional Revision, including the adoption of a Constitutional Amendment that reduced the presidential term of office from five to four years.

In 1995, Fernando Henrique Cardoso was inaugurated for a four-year term. In 1997, a Constitutional Amendment was enacted allowing presidents of Brazil to be reelected to one consecutive term. In 1998, then President Fernando Henrique Cardoso became the first president of Brazil to be reelected for an immediately consecutive term. In 2003, [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] was inaugurated. He was reelected in 2006. In 2011, [[Dilma Rousseff]] became Brazil's first woman president. In 2015, she began her second term, but in 2016 the Senate of Brazil convicted her on [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|impeachment charges]], and she was removed from office, being succeeded by [[Michel Temer]]. In 2018, [[Jair Bolsonaro]] was elected, taking office on 1 January 2019. In the 2022 elections, former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who had served as Brazil's president from 2003 to 2010, was again elected president, becoming the first person to win three Brazilian presidential elections. Also in the 2022 elections, Jair Bolsonaro became Brazil's first first-term President to seek reelection for a second term and lose, since the possibility of reelection to an immediately consecutive second term was first created in Brazil in 1997.

;Political parties
{{legend|{{party color|None}}|Unaffiliated|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement}}|[[Brazilian Democratic Movement|Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement → Brazilian Democratic Movement]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|National Reconstruction Party}}|[[National Reconstruction Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#0058AA|[[Brazilian Social Democracy Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}}|[[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#1D6434|[[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|Social Liberal Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#282F7D|[[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|Liberal Party]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

{| class="wikitable sticky-header" style=text-align:center;
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! rowspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" | Name<br>{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan="2" | Elected{{efn|name=election|Years in italics denote indirect elections.}}
! colspan="3" | Term of office{{Sfnmp|1a1=Arquivo Nacional}}
! rowspan="2" | Political party{{efn|name=party|Reflects the president's political party at the start of their presidency. Changes during their time in office are noted.}}
! rowspan="2" | Vice President
|-
! Took office
! Left office
!Time in office
|-
! —
| style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}" |
| [[File:Tancredo-neves-5_(cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Photograph of Tancredo Neves]]
| [[Tancredo Neves]]<br>{{small|(1910–1985)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Ramos|1a2=Campos}}
| [[1985 Brazilian presidential election|''1985'']]
| colspan="3" |''Did not take office''{{efn|Died before taking office. Despite never occupying this position, Neves has to be included in the gallery of Presidents of Brazil by virtue of [http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/1980-1988/L7465.htm Law No. 7,465, of April 21, 1986].}}
| [[Brazilian Democratic Movement Party|PMDB]]
| [[José Sarney]]
|-
! [[Presidency of José Sarney|31]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}" |
| [[File:Foto_Oficial_Sarney_EBC.jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of José Sarney]]
| [[José Sarney]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1930)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|1a1=Dias|1a2=Lemos|1a3=Carneiro}}
| —
| 15 March 1985{{efn|Acting president from 15 March to 21 April 1985, date of death of president-elect Tancredo Neves.}}
| 15 March 1990
|5 years
| [[Brazilian Democratic Movement Party|PMDB]]
| ''Vacant throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! [[Presidency of Collor de Mello|32]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|National Reconstruction Party}}" |
| [[File:Foto oficial do presidente Fernando Collor de Melo. (38405801411).jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Fernando Collor]]
| [[Fernando Collor]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1949)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Lemos (e)}}
| [[1989 Brazilian presidential election|1989]]
| 15 March 1990
| 29 December 1992{{efn|name=resign}}
|{{Age in years and days|1990|3|15|1992|12|29}}
| [[National Reconstruction Party|PRN]]
| [[Itamar Franco]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Itamar Franco|33]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement Party}}" |
| [[File:Itamar_Franco_Faixa_Presidencial.jpg|100px|alt=Presidential portrait of Itamar Franco]]
| [[Itamar Franco]]<br>{{small|(1930–2011)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Lemos & Carneiro (a)}}
| —
| 29 December 1992{{efn|Acting president from 29 September to 29 December 1992, due to an [[Impeachment of Fernando Collor|impeachment process]] opened against Fernando Collor. Itamar Franco succeeded to the presidency upon Collor's resignation.}}
| 1 January 1995
|{{Age in years and days|1992|12|29|1995|1|1}}
| [[Brazilian Democratic Movement Party|PMDB]]
| ''Vacant throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! [[Presidency of Fernando Henrique Cardoso|34]]
| style="background-color:#0058AA" |
| [[File:Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso_(1999).jpg|100px|alt=Second presidential portrait of Fernando Henrique Cardoso]]
| [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso|Fernando Henrique<br>Cardoso]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1931)}}<br>{{Sfnmp|Lemos & Carneiro (b)}}
| [[1994 Brazilian general election|1994]]
----
[[1998 Brazilian general election|1998]]
| 1 January 1995
| 1 January 2003
|8 years
| [[Brazilian Social Democracy Party|PSDB]]
| [[Marco Maciel]]
|-
! [[First presidency of Lula da Silva|35]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}}" |
| [[File:Lula - foto oficial - 05 jan 2007 (cropped 5).jpg|100px|alt=Second presidential portrait of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]
| [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1945)}}<br>{{sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (d)}}
| [[2002 Brazilian general election|2002]]
----
[[2006 Brazilian general election|2006]]
| 1 January 2003
| 1 January 2011
|8 years
| [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]
| [[José Alencar]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Dilma Rousseff|36]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}}" |
| [[File:Dilma Rousseff - foto oficial 2011-01-09 (cropped2).jpg|100px|alt=Second presidential portrait of Dilma Rousseff]]
| [[Dilma Rousseff]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1947)}}<br>{{sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (e)}}
| [[2010 Brazilian general election|2010]]
----
[[2014 Brazilian general election|2014]]
| 1 January 2011
| 31 August 2016{{efn|name=impeachment}}
|{{Age in years and days|2011|1|1|2016|8|31}}
| [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]
| [[Michel Temer]]
|-
! [[Presidency of Michel Temer|37]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Brazilian Democratic Movement}}" |
| [[File:Michel Temer (foto oficial) (cropped).jpg|alt=Presidential portrait of Michel Temer|135x135px]]
| [[Michel Temer]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1940)}}<br>{{sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (f)}}
| —
| 31 August 2016{{efn|Acting president from 12 May to 31 August 2016, due to an [[Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff|impeachment process]] opened against Dilma Rousseff. Michel Temer succeeded to the presidency upon Dilma's removal.}}
| 1 January 2019
|{{Age in years and days|2016|8|31|2019|1|1}}
| [[Brazilian Democratic Movement|MDB]]
| ''Vacant throughout<br />presidency''
|-
! [[Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro|38]]
| style="background: linear-gradient(#1D6434 22%, {{party color|None}} 22% 73%, #282F7D 73%);" |
| [[File:2019 Desfile Cívico por ocasião do Dia da Pátria - 48693201572 II.jpg|100px|alt=Photograph of Jair Bolsonaro]]
| [[Jair Bolsonaro]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1955)}}<br>{{sfnmp|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (g)}}
| [[2018 Brazilian general election|2018]]
| 1 January 2019
| 1 January 2023
|4 years
| [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|PSL]]{{efn|Until 19 November 2019.{{Sfnmp|UOL}}}}
----
''Unaffiliated''
----
[[Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)|PL]]{{efn|From 30 November 2021.{{Sfnmp|Agência Brasil}}}}
| [[Hamilton Mourão]]
|-
! [[Second presidency of Lula da Silva|39]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Workers' Party (Brazil)}}" |
| [[File:Foto oficial de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (3x4 cropped).jpg|100px|alt=Third presidential portrait of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]
| [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]<br>{{small|({{abbr|b.|born in}} 1945)}}
| [[2022 Brazilian general election|2022]]
| 1 January 2023
| ''Incumbent''
|{{Age in years and days|2023|01|01}}
| [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|PT]]<br>{{small|([[Brazil of Hope]])}}
| [[Geraldo Alckmin]]
|}

==Presidents by birth state==

'''{{flag|Minas Gerais}}''': 9 ([[Afonso Pena]], [[Venceslau Brás]], [[Delfim Moreira]], [[Artur Bernardes]], [[Carlos Luz]], [[Juscelino Kubitschek]], ''[[Pedro Aleixo]]'', ''[[Tancredo Neves]]'', [[Dilma Rousseff]])

'''{{flag|São Paulo}}''': 7 ([[Prudente de Morais]], [[Manuel Ferraz de Campos Sales|Campos Sales]], [[Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves|Rodrigues Alves]], ''[[Júlio Prestes]]'', [[Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli|Ranieri Mazzilli]], [[Michel Temer]], [[Jair Bolsonaro]])

'''{{flag|Rio Grande do Sul}}''': 6 ([[Hermes da Fonseca]], [[Getúlio Vargas]], [[João Goulart]], [[Artur da Costa e Silva]], [[Emílio Garrastazu Médici]], [[Ernesto Geisel]])

'''{{flag|Rio de Janeiro}}''': 5 ([[Nilo Peçanha]], [[Washington Luís]], [[João Figueiredo]], [[Fernando Collor de Mello]], [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]])

'''{{flag|Alagoas}}''': 2 ([[Deodoro da Fonseca]], [[Floriano Peixoto]])

'''{{flag|Ceará}}''': 2 ([[José Linhares]], [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco|Castelo Branco]])

'''{{flag|Bahia}}''': 1 ([[Itamar Franco]]<ref>Born in a ship at the sea, was registered in [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]].</ref><ref>[http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/presidencia/ex-presidentes/itamar-franco Portal do Governo Brasileiro | Atualize sua Barra de Governo] biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br</ref>)

'''{{flag|Mato Grosso}}''': 1 ([[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]])

'''{{flag|Mato Grosso do Sul}}''': 1 ([[Jânio Quadros]])

'''{{flag|Maranhão}}''': 1 ([[José Sarney]])

'''{{flag|Paraíba}}''': 1 ([[Epitácio Pessoa]])

'''{{flag|Pernambuco}}''': 1 ([[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]])

'''{{flag|Rio Grande do Norte}}''': 1 ([[Café Filho]])

'''{{flag|Santa Catarina}}''': 1 ([[Nereu Ramos]])

==Timeline==
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:1050 height:auto barincrement:15
PlotArea  = top:10 bottom:150 right:150 left:20
AlignBars = late

Define $today = {{#time:d/m/Y}}

Colors =
 id:none  value:rgb(0.8,0.8,0.8)      legend:Independent
 id:prfed value:rgb(1,1,0.7)          legend:Federal_Republican_Party
 id:prp   value:green                 legend:São_Paulo_Republican_Party
 id:prm   value:rgb(1,0.6,0.5)        legend:Republican_Party_of_Minas_Gerais
 id:prf   value:rgb(0.9,1,0.28)       legend:Rio_Republican_Party
 id:prc   value:purple                legend:Conservative_Republican_Party
 id:psd   value:rgb(0,0,0.7)          legend:Social_Democratic_Party
 id:ptb   value:rgb(0.75,0,0)         legend:Brazilian_Labour_Party
 id:psp   value:rgb(0.85,0.5,0.3)     legend:Social_Progressive_Party
 id:ptn   value:rgb(0,1,0)            legend:National_Labour_Party
 id:arena value:rgb(0.2,0.85,1)       legend:National_Renewal_Alliance
 id:pds   value:rgb(0.2,0.75,0.9)     legend:Democratic_Social_Party
 id:mdb   value:black                 legend:Brazilian_Democratic_Movement
 id:prn   value:rgb(0.3,0.85,0.3)     legend:National_Reconstruction_Party
 id:psdb  value:blue                  legend:Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party
 id:pt    value:rgb(1,0,0)            legend:Worker's_Party
 id:psl   value:rgb(0.2,0.35,0.05)    legend:Social_Liberal_Party
 id:pl    value:RGB(0.25,0.25,0.59)   legend:Liberal_Party

  id:gray1  value:gray(0.85)
  id:gray2  value:gray(0.95)

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period     = from:01/01/1889 till:31/12/{{#expr:{{#time:Y}}+1}}
TimeAxis   = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:gray1 unit:year increment:5 start:1890
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:gray2 unit:year increment:1 start:1890

Legend = columns:1 left:150 top:115 columnwidth:100
 
TextData =
  pos:(20,118) textcolor:black fontsize:M
  text:"Political affiliation:"

BarData =
 bar:Deodoro
 bar:Floriano
 bar:Morais
 bar:Sales
 bar:Alves
 bar:Pena
 bar:Nilo
 bar:Hermes
 bar:Venceslau
 bar:Delfim
 bar:Pessoa
 bar:Bernardes
 bar:Washington
 bar:1930Junta
 bar:Vargas
 bar:Linhares
 bar:Dutra
 bar:Cafe
 bar:Luz
 bar:Ramos
 bar:Juscelino
 bar:Quadros
 bar:Mazzilli
 bar:Goulart
 bar:CasteloBranco
 bar:CostaSilva
 bar:1969Junta
 bar:Medici
 bar:Geisel
 bar:Figueiredo
 bar:Sarney
 bar:Collor
 bar:Itamar
 bar:FHC
 bar:Lula
 bar:Dilma
 bar:Temer
 bar:Bolsonaro

PlotData =
  width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till

 bar:Deodoro
  from: 15/11/1889 till: 23/11/1891 color:none text:"[[Deodoro da Fonseca]]"
 bar:Floriano
  from: 23/11/1891 till: 15/11/1894 color:none text:"[[Floriano Peixoto]]"
 bar:Morais
  from: 15/11/1894 till: 15/11/1898 color:prfed text:"[[Prudente de Morais]]"
 bar:Sales
  from: 15/11/1898 till: 15/11/1902 color:prp text:"[[Campos Sales]]"
 bar:Alves
  from: 15/11/1902 till: 15/11/1906 color:prp text:"[[Rodrigues Alves]]"
 bar:Pena
  from: 15/11/1906 till: 14/06/1909 color:prm text:"[[Afonso Pena]]"
 bar:Nilo
  from: 14/06/1909 till: 15/11/1910 color:prf text:"[[Nilo Peçanha]]"
 bar:Hermes
  from: 15/11/1910 till: 15/11/1914 color:prc text:"[[Hermes da Fonseca]]"
 bar:Venceslau
  from: 15/11/1914 till: 15/11/1918 color:prm text:"[[Venceslau Brás]]"
 bar:Delfim
  from: 15/11/1918 till: 28/07/1919 color:prm text:"[[Delfim Moreira]] (acting)"
 bar:Pessoa
  from: 28/07/1919 till: 15/11/1922 color:prm text:"[[Epitácio Pessoa]]"
 bar:Bernardes
  from: 15/11/1922 till: 15/11/1926 color:prm text:"[[Artur Bernardes]]"
 bar:Washington
  from: 15/11/1926 till: 24/10/1930 color:prp text:"[[Washington Luís]]"
 bar:1930Junta
  from: 24/10/1930 till: 03/11/1930 color:none text:"[[Brazilian military junta of 1930|Military junta of 1930]]"
 bar:Vargas
  from: 03/11/1930 till: 29/10/1945 color:none
  from: 31/01/1951 till: 24/08/1954 color:ptb text:"[[Getúlio Vargas]]"
 bar:Linhares
  from:29/10/1945 till: 31/01/1946 color:none text:"[[José Linhares]] (acting)"
 bar:Dutra
  from: 31/01/1946 till: 31/01/1951 color:psd text:"[[Eurico Gaspar Dutra]]"
 bar:Cafe
  from: 24/08/1954 till: 08/11/1955 color:psp text:"[[Café Filho]]"
 bar:Luz
  from: 08/11/1955 till: 11/11/1955 color:psd text:"[[Carlos Luz]] (acting)"
 bar:Ramos
  from: 11/11/1955 till: 31/01/1956 color:psd text:"[[Nereu Ramos]] (acting)"
 bar:Juscelino
  from: 31/01/1956 till: 31/01/1961 color:psd text:"[[Juscelino Kubitschek]]"
 bar:Quadros
  from: 31/01/1961 till: 25/08/1961 color:ptn text:"[[Jânio Quadros]]"
 bar:Mazzilli
  from: 25/08/1961 till: 07/09/1961 color:psd
  from: 02/04/1964 till: 15/04/1964 color:psd text:"[[Ranieri Mazzilli]] (acting)"
 bar:Goulart
  from: 07/09/1961 till: 02/04/1964 color:ptb text:"[[João Goulart]]"
 bar:CasteloBranco
  from: 15/04/1964 till: 04/04/1966 color:none
  from: 04/04/1966 till: 15/03/1967 color:arena text:"[[Humberto Castelo Branco]]"
 bar:CostaSilva
  from: 15/03/1967 till: 31/08/1969 color:arena text:"[[Costa e Silva]]"
 bar:1969Junta
  from: 31/08/1969 till: 30/10/1969 color:none text:"[[Brazilian military junta of 1969|Military junta of 1969]]"
 bar:Medici
  from: 30/10/1969 till: 15/03/1974 color:arena text:"[[Emílio Garrastazu Médici]]"
 bar:Geisel
  from: 15/03/1974 till: 15/03/1979 color:arena text:"[[Ernesto Geisel]]"
 bar:Figueiredo
  from: 15/03/1979 till: 20/12/1979 color:arena
  from: 20/12/1979 till: 31/01/1980 color:none
  from: 31/01/1980 till: 15/03/1985 color:pds text:"[[João Figueiredo]]"
 bar:Sarney
  from: 15/03/1985 till: 15/03/1990 color:mdb text:"[[José Sarney]]"
 bar:Collor
  from: 15/03/1990 till: 29/12/1992 color:prn text:"[[Fernando Collor]]"
 bar:Itamar
  from: 29/12/1992 till: 01/01/1995 color:mdb text:"[[Itamar Franco]]"
 bar:FHC
  from: 01/01/1995 till: 01/01/2003 color:psdb text:"[[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]]"
 bar:Lula
  from: 01/01/2003 till: 01/01/2011 color:pt
  from: 01/01/2023 till: $today color:pt text:"[[Lula da Silva]]"
 bar:Dilma
  from: 01/01/2011 till: 31/08/2016 color:pt text:"[[Dilma Rousseff]]"
 bar:Temer
  from: 31/08/2016 till: 01/01/2019 color:mdb text:"[[Michel Temer]]"
 bar:Bolsonaro
  from: 01/01/2019 till: 19/11/2019 color:psl
  from: 19/11/2019 till: 30/11/2021 color:none
  from: 30/11/2021 till: 01/01/2023 color:pl text:"[[Jair Bolsonaro]]"
}}

==Notes==
{{notelist|30em}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Works cited==
{{refbegin|30em}}
'''General'''
* {{cite web |title=Centro de Informações de Acervos dos Presidentes da República |url=https://dibrarq.arquivonacional.gov.br/index.php/centro-de-informacoes-de-acervos-dos-presidentes-da-republica |access-date=10 May 2024 |publisher=[[Brazilian National Archives|Arquivo Nacional]]|ref={{sfnRef|Arquivo Nacional}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Ex-Presidentes |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes |access-date=10 May 2024 |publisher=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]]|ref={{sfnRef|Biblioteca da Presidência da República}}}}

'''Biographies'''
* {{cite web |last=Lemos |first=Renato |title=FONSECA, Deodoro da |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/FONSECA,%20Deodoro%20da.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lemos (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Lemos |first=Renato |title=Floriano Peixoto |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbetes/floriano-peixoto |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lemos (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Lang |first=Alice Beatriz da Silva Gordo |title=MORAIS, Prudente de |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/MORAIS,%20Prudente%20de.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lang (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Freire |first=Américo |title=SALES, Campos |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/SALES,%20Campos.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Lang |first=Alice Beatriz da Silva Gordo |title=ALVES, Rodrigues |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/ALVES,%20Rodrigues.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lang (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Viscardi |first=Cláudia Maria Ribeiro |title=PENA, Afonso |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/PENA,%20Afonso.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Viscardi (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Ferreira |first=Marieta de Morais |title=PEÇANHA, Nilo |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/PE%C3%87ANHA,%20Nilo.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Ferreira (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Lemos |first=Renato |title=FONSECA, Hermes da |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/FONSECA,%20Hermes%20da.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lemos (c)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Faria |first=Helena |title=BRÁS, Venceslau |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/BR%C3%81S,%20Venceslau.pdf |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Faria}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Viscardi |first=Cláudia Maria Ribeiro |title=MOREIRA, Delfim |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/MOREIRA,%20Delfim.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Viscardi (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Dias |first=Sônia |title=PESSOA, Epitácio |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/PESSOA,%20Epit%C3%A1cio.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Dias (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Malin |first=Mauro |title=BERNARDES, Artur |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/BERNARDES,%20Artur.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Malin (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Mayer |first=Jorge Miguel |title=LUÍS, Washington |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/LU%C3%8DS,%20Washington.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Mayer (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Mayer |first=Jorge Miguel |title=PRESTES, Júlio |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/PRESTES,%20J%C3%BAlio.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Mayer (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Cachapuz |first=Paulo Brandi |title=VARGAS, Getúlio |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/VARGAS,%20Get%C3%BAlio.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Cachapuz}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Getúlio Dornelles Vargas |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/presidencia/ex-presidentes/getulio-vargas |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]] |ref={{sfnref|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |title=José Linhares |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/producao/dossies/AEraVargas2/biografias/jose_linhares |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |access-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106153546/https://cpdoc.fgv.br/producao/dossies/AEraVargas2/biografias/jose_linhares |archive-date=6 November 2021 |url-status=dead |ref={{sfnRef|FGV CPDOC}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Malin |first=Mauro |title=DUTRA, Eurico Gaspar |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/1790 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Malin (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Malin |first=Mauro |title=RAMOS, Nereu |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/RAMOS,%20Nereu.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Malin (c)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Keller |first=Vilma |title=CAFÉ FILHO |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/CAF%C3%89%20FILHO.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |title=Carlos Coimbra da Luz |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/presidencia/ex-presidentes/carlos-luz |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]] |ref={{sfnref|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (c)}}}} 
* {{cite web |last=Pantoja |first=Sílvia |title=KUBITSCHEK, Juscelino |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/brasilia/dhbb/Juscelino%20Kubitschek.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last1=Mayer |first1=Jorge Miguel |last2=Xavier |first2=Libânia |title=QUADROS, Jânio |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/4387 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last1=Calicchio |first1=Vera |title=MAZZILLI, Ranieri |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/3365 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Ferreira |first=Marieta de Morais |title=GOULART, João |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/2412 |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Ferreira (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Kornis |first=Mônica |title=CASTELO BRANCO, Humberto |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/1205 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Kornis (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Lemos |first=Renato |title=SILVA, Costa e |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/4997 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lemos (d)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Kornis |first=Mônica |title=ALEIXO, Pedro |url=https://www18.fgv.br/cpdoc/acervo/dicionarios/verbete-biografico/aleixo-pedro |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Kornis (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Dias |first=Sônia |title=MÉDICI, Emílio Garrastazzu |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/3388 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Dias (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |last1=Coutinho |first1=Amélia |last2=Guido |first2=Maria Cristina |title=GEISEL, Ernesto |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/2304 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Plínio de Abreu |last2=Costa |first2=Marcelo |title=FIGUEIREDO, João Batista |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/2016 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last1=Ramos |first1=Plínio de Abreu |last2=Campos |first2=Patrícia |title=NEVES, Tancredo |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/3807 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last1=Dias |first1=Sônia |last2=Lemos |first2=Renato |last3=Carneiro |first3=Alan |title=SARNEY, José |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/4909 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |last=Lemos |first=Renato |title=COLLOR, Fernando |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/1418 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lemos (e)}}}}
* {{cite web |last1=Lemos |first1=Renato |last2=Carneiro |first2=Alan |title=FRANCO, Itamar |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/2142 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lemos & Carneiro (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last1=Lemos |first1=Renato |last2=Carneiro |first2=Alan |title=CARDOSO, Fernando Henrique |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/1072 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Lemos & Carneiro (b)}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes/luiz-inacio-lula-da-silva |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]] |ref={{sfnref|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (d)}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Dilma Vana Rousseff |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes/dilma-rousseff |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]] |ref={{sfnref|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (e)}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes/michel-temer/michel_temer |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]] |ref={{sfnref|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (f)}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Jair Messias Bolsonaro |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes/bolsonaro/Bolsonaro |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]] |ref={{sfnref|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (g)}}}}

'''Other resources'''
* {{cite web |title=Vice-presidente |url=http://www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br/presidencia/ex-presidentes/epitacio-pessoa/vice-presidente |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[:pt:Biblioteca da Presidência da República|Biblioteca da Presidência da República]] |ref={{sfnref|Biblioteca da Presidência da República (a)}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Abreu |first=Alzira Alves de |title=REVOLUÇÃO DE 1930 |url=https://cpdoc.fgv.br/sites/default/files/verbetes/primeira-republica/REVOLU%C3%87%C3%83O%20DE%201930.pdf |access-date=11 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite web |title=Constituição da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil (de 16 de julho de 1934) |url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Constituicao/Constituicao34.htm |access-date=11 May 2024 |ref={{sfnRef|1934 Constitution}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Constituição da República dos Estados Unidos do Brasil, de 10 de novembro de 1937 |url=https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao37.htm |access-date=11 May 2024 |ref={{sfnRef|1937 Constitution}}}}
* {{cite web |last=Lamarão |first=Sérgio |title=JUNTAS MILITARES |url=https://atlas.fgv.br/verbete/5938 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil]]}}
* {{cite book |last=Blakeley|first=Ruth|date=2009 |title=State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South|url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415462402/|publisher=[[Routledge]]|page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=rft8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA94 94]|isbn=978-0-415-68617-4 |ref={{sfnref|Blakeley}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Bolsonaro assina desfiliação do PSL, afirmam advogados |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2019/11/19/bolsonaro-assina-desfiliacao-do-psl-afirmam-advogados.htm |date=19 November 2019 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Universo Online|UOL]] |ref={{sfnref|UOL}}}}
* {{cite web |title=Presidente Bolsonaro assina filiação ao PL |url=https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2021-11/presidente-bolsonaro-assina-filiacao-ao-pl |date=30 November 2021 |access-date=12 May 2024 |website=[[Agência Brasil]] |ref={{sfnref|Agência Brasil}}}}

{{Refend}}

==See also==
* [[President of Brazil]]
* [[Brazilian presidential line of succession]]
* [[Vice President of Brazil]]
* [[List of Brazilian monarchs]]
* [[List of governors-general of Brazil]]

{{Presidents of Brazil}}
{{South America topic|state=uncollapsed|prefix=List of presidents of|countries_only=yes}}

[[Category:Lists of national presidents|Brazil]]
[[Category:Presidents of Brazil|*]]
[[Category:Brazil history-related lists|Presidents]]
[[Category:Lists of political office-holders in Brazil|Presidents]]